MedVLSynther/MedVLSynther-7B-RL_2K
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Which structure is labeled as 'Ophx' in the endoscopic image?
|
{"A": "Oropharynx", "B": "Tongue", "C": "Muscle-mucosal flap", "D": "Cranio-vertebral junction", "E": "Nasopharynx"}
|
A
|
Oropharynx
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 0
| null | |||
Which imaging finding is most consistent with colonic pseudo-obstruction?
|
{"A": "Diffuse colonic dilation with air-fluid levels", "B": "Small bowel obstruction with transition point", "C": "Appendiceal inflammation with periappendiceal fat stranding", "D": "Gallbladder wall thickening with pericholecystic fluid", "E": "Renal calculus with hydronephrosis"}
|
A
|
Diffuse colonic dilation with air-fluid levels
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 1
| null | |||
Which of the following clinical presentations is most consistent with discoid lupus erythematosus?
|
{"A": "Sharply demarcated plaques with thick scale", "B": "Erythematous scaly patches with lichenification", "C": "Atrophic plaque with adherent scale and pigmentary change", "D": "Red to golden brown macules on the lower extremities", "E": "Subcutaneous red nodules on the face"}
|
C
|
Atrophic plaque with adherent scale and pigmentary change
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 2
| null | |||
Which statement best describes the APTw imaging findings in the two patients?
|
{"A": "Both images show normal cervical APT values", "B": "The patient with a normal cervix has a higher APT value than the patient with cervical squamous cell carcinoma", "C": "Both patients have identical APT values", "D": "The APT value is unrelated to cervical pathology", "E": "The patient with cervical squamous cell carcinoma has a higher APT value than the patient with a normal cervix"}
|
E
|
The patient with cervical squamous cell carcinoma has a higher APT value than the patient with a normal cervix
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 3
| null | |||
Which item in the image is used to visualize hard-to-see areas of the oral cavity during a dental examination?
|
{"A": "Dental glove", "B": "Dental explorer", "C": "Dental mirror", "D": "Dental model", "E": "Dental scaler"}
|
C
|
Dental mirror
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 4
| null | |||
Which imaging modality was used as a problem-solving technique for the breast nodule with challenging ultrasound interpretation?
|
{"A": "Breast ultrasound", "B": "Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM)", "C": "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)", "D": "Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)", "E": "Positron emission tomography (PET)"}
|
B
|
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 5
| null | |||
Which coronary artery segment is shown to have an intra-atrial course in the provided coronary computed tomography angiography images?
|
{"A": "Right coronary artery (RCA) mid-segment", "B": "Left main coronary artery (LM)", "C": "Left anterior descending artery (LAD)", "D": "Left circumflex artery (LCx)", "E": "Obtuse marginal branch (OM)"}
|
A
|
Right coronary artery (RCA) mid-segment
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 6
| null | |||
In the provided ultrasound image of articular cartilage, which interface is represented by the arrowhead?
|
{"A": "Cartilage-subchondral bone interface", "B": "Subchondral bone-cartilage interface", "C": "Saline solution-cartilage interface", "D": "Subchondral bone-saline solution interface", "E": "Cartilage-saline solution interface"}
|
E
|
Cartilage-saline solution interface
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 7
| null | |||
Which imaging modality is used to detect lymph node metastasis in this case?
|
{"A": "Cystoscopy", "B": "Hematoxylin-Eosin Stain", "C": "Transurethral Resection (TUR)", "D": "Intravesical Instillation", "E": "Computed Tomography (CT)"}
|
E
|
Computed Tomography (CT)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 8
| null | |||
Which of the following devices is attached to the shoe laces in the image?
|
{"A": "Delsys Trigno Avanti accelerometer", "B": "Qualisys Oqus motion capture camera", "C": "AMTI force plate", "D": "Medical tape", "E": "RunScribe Plus IMU device"}
|
E
|
RunScribe Plus IMU device
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 9
| null | |||
Which transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) method uses smaller electrodes positioned at specific EEG landmarks?
|
{"A": "Conventional a-tDCS with large rubber electrodes", "B": "Sham stimulation with saline gelatin sponges", "C": "HD-tDCS with EEG-sized electrodes at C3/C4", "D": "Conventional a-tDCS with electrodes at FC3/C1", "E": "HD-tDCS with large rubber electrodes"}
|
C
|
HD-tDCS with EEG-sized electrodes at C3/C4
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 10
| null | |||
Which segment of the left lower lobe shows evidence of active bleeding on bronchoscopy?
|
{"A": "B8 segment", "B": "B10 segment", "C": "Left upper lobe", "D": "Right lower lobe", "E": "B9 segment"}
|
E
|
B9 segment
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 11
| null | |||
In a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), which treatment most effectively reduced collagen type I and III expression and interstitial fibrosis at 10 days post-obstruction?
|
{"A": "SF-MSCs treatment", "B": "Sham operation", "C": "PBS administration", "D": "10%MSCs treatment", "E": "No treatment"}
|
A
|
SF-MSCs treatment
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 12
| null | |||
Which pattern of injury is most consistent with the MRI findings in this full-term infant with a sentinel event?
|
{"A": "Basal ganglia–thalamus (BGT) pattern", "B": "Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)", "C": "Cortical laminar necrosis", "D": "Arterial infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory", "E": "Subdural hematoma"}
|
A
|
Basal ganglia–thalamus (BGT) pattern
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 13
| null | |||
Which radiographic modality is best suited for evaluating the root structure and surrounding bone of the maxillary left central incisor after orthodontic extrusion?
|
{"A": "Clinical intraoral photograph", "B": "Panoramic radiography", "C": "Cephalometric radiography", "D": "Lateral cephalogram", "E": "Periapical radiography"}
|
E
|
Periapical radiography
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 14
| null | |||
Which diffusion tensor metric shows significant differences between postpartum depression (PPD) and non-PPD groups in the provided brain images?
|
{"A": "Mean diffusivity (MD) values", "B": "Mean kurtosis (MK) values", "C": "Fractional anisotropy (FA) values", "D": "All diffusion tensor metrics", "E": "None of the diffusion tensor metrics"}
|
A
|
Mean diffusivity (MD) values
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 15
| null | |||
Which complication is shown in the post-procedural CT image (b) following a transthoracic biopsy of a subpleural nodule in the left lower lobe?
|
{"A": "Pneumothorax", "B": "Pleural effusion", "C": "Pulmonary edema", "D": "Atelectasis", "E": "Pulmonary embolism"}
|
A
|
Pneumothorax
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 16
| null | |||
In the context of optic nerve head (ONH) analysis, which parameter is calculated as the average of the superior and inferior curvature ratios relative to the central curvature?
|
{"A": "Vertical–horizontal (VH) ratio", "B": "Superior curvature ratio", "C": "Inferior curvature ratio", "D": "Average curvature ratio (ACR)", "E": "Tilt ratio"}
|
D
|
Average curvature ratio (ACR)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 17
| null | |||
Which statement best describes the consistency of myelin-related measurements across the four subjects shown?
|
{"A": "Myelin fraction values are identical across all subjects for both bundles and cortical projections", "B": "The overall pattern of myelination is consistent across subjects, but specific values vary due to natural structural differences", "C": "Myelin measurements show no consistency between subjects, with completely different patterns observed", "D": "Cortical projections demonstrate greater consistency than bundle decompositions across subjects", "E": "Myelin fraction values are higher in cortical projections than in bundle decompositions for all subjects"}
|
B
|
The overall pattern of myelination is consistent across subjects, but specific values vary due to natural structural differences
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 18
| null | |||
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the finding visible in the image?
|
{"A": "Intraoperative application of mitomycin C to the scleral surface", "B": "Formation of a conjunctival fistula during surgery", "C": "Postoperative intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide", "D": "Administration of carbachol into the anterior chamber", "E": "Leakage of aqueous humor from the conjunctival closure site"}
|
C
|
Postoperative intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 19
| null | |||
Which step in the surgical procedure involves injecting sterile air into the anterior chamber to maintain a complete air-filled chamber?
|
{"A": "Making a paracentesis at the opposite site of the DMD", "B": "Ejecting aqueous humor from the main clear corneal cataract incision", "C": "Apposing the cornea to the iris to ensure complete ejection of aqueous humor", "D": "Injecting sterile air into the anterior chamber to maintain a complete air-filled chamber", "E": "Ejecting approximately one third of the air from the chamber after 20 min"}
|
D
|
Injecting sterile air into the anterior chamber to maintain a complete air-filled chamber
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 20
| null | |||
Which clinical finding is most consistent with the image?
|
{"A": "Active sinus tract with purulent drainage", "B": "Severe peri-implantitis requiring surgical intervention", "C": "Acute infection with tenderness and fistula formation", "D": "Unhealed extraction site with granulation tissue", "E": "Healed sinus tract with restricted gingival blushing"}
|
E
|
Healed sinus tract with restricted gingival blushing
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 21
| null | |||
Which feeding medium results in the highest peak for citrinin in the HPLC chromatogram?
|
{"A": "Batch culture (control)", "B": "No.1 medium", "C": "No.2 medium", "D": "No.3 medium", "E": "No.4 medium"}
|
D
|
No.3 medium
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 22
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the primary anatomical region affected in the preoperative radiological images?
|
{"A": "Maxillary sinus", "B": "Orbit", "C": "Mandible", "D": "Nasal cavity", "E": "Temporal bone"}
|
C
|
Mandible
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 23
| null | |||
Which abnormality is demonstrated in the distal colostogram image?
|
{"A": "Contrast column ending at the level of the ischial spines", "B": "Normal colonic anatomy with no contrast abnormalities", "C": "Contrast extending into the urinary bladder", "D": "Complete absence of contrast in the rectum", "E": "Contrast pooling in the peritoneal cavity"}
|
A
|
Contrast column ending at the level of the ischial spines
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 24
| null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the images?
|
{"A": "Single abscess on the udder", "B": "Ulcerative lesions on the head", "C": "Parasitic infestation on the neck", "D": "Multiple wart lesions on various body parts", "E": "Fungal infection on the thighs"}
|
D
|
Multiple wart lesions on various body parts
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 25
| null | |||
Which radiographic finding is most consistent with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in this cat?
|
{"A": "Diffuse alveolar consolidation", "B": "Focal lobar atelectasis", "C": "Diffuse reticular interstitial pattern", "D": "Pleural effusion", "E": "Tracheal collapse"}
|
C
|
Diffuse reticular interstitial pattern
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 26
| null | |||
Which anesthetic regimen during intranasal dosing is associated with increased delivery to distal lung regions and higher pulmonary dosing efficiency?
|
{"A": "Isoflurane", "B": "Both isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine", "C": "Neither isoflurane nor ketamine/xylazine", "D": "Ketamine/xylazine", "E": "Propofol"}
|
D
|
Ketamine/xylazine
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 27
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs?
|
{"A": "Petechiae on the oral mucosa", "B": "Maculopapular rash on the ear", "C": "Fever", "D": "Leukopenia", "E": "Anemia"}
|
A
|
Petechiae on the oral mucosa
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 28
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the dental prosthesis shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Complete denture with no natural teeth remaining", "B": "Metal-ceramic crowns with attachment structures for partial edentulism", "C": "Full-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis", "D": "Removable partial denture with acrylic base and metal framework", "E": "Temporary resin-based provisional restoration"}
|
B
|
Metal-ceramic crowns with attachment structures for partial edentulism
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 29
| null | |||
Which radiographic parameter is defined as the angle between the perpendicular to the sacral plate and the line connecting the midpoint of the sacral plate to the centroid of the femoral heads?
|
{"A": "Anterior vertebral height (AVH)", "B": "Thoracic kyphosis (TK)", "C": "Lumbar lordosis (LL)", "D": "Pelvic incidence (PI)", "E": "Sacral slope (SS)"}
|
D
|
Pelvic incidence (PI)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 30
| null | |||
Which statement accurately describes the location of the prostatic abscess relative to the prostate adenoma based on the provided images?
|
{"A": "The abscess cavity is located anterior to the prostate adenoma", "B": "The abscess opening is located above the prostate adenoma", "C": "The abscess opening is located within the prostate adenoma", "D": "The abscess cavity is located in the anterior zone of the fibromuscular stroma", "E": "The abscess cavity is located between the prostate adenoma and the prostate capsule"}
|
E
|
The abscess cavity is located between the prostate adenoma and the prostate capsule
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 31
| null | |||
Which view best demonstrates the relationship between the maxilla and mandible in the sagittal plane?
|
{"A": "Frontal view", "B": "Frontal smile view", "C": "Profile view", "D": "Three-quarter view", "E": "Intraoral view"}
|
C
|
Profile view
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 32
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the abnormality shown in the acute-phase MRI (Image A)?
|
{"A": "A hyperintense lesion in the basal ganglia", "B": "Cerebellar atrophy", "C": "Diffuse cerebral edema", "D": "An oval signal with restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum", "E": "Chronic white matter changes"}
|
D
|
An oval signal with restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 33
| null | |||
Which step in the preparation of the patient head mask is shown in image (d)?
|
{"A": "Soaking the mask in a hot water bath", "B": "Drying the mask after soaking", "C": "Fixing the mask to the treatment table", "D": "Applying the mask to the patient's head", "E": "Molding the mask with hands to fit the patient's face"}
|
E
|
Molding the mask with hands to fit the patient's face
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 34
| null | |||
Which brain electrical recording method is classified as non-invasive?
|
{"A": "Electroencephalogram (EEG)", "B": "Electrocorticogram (ECoG)", "C": "Intracortical recordings", "D": "All of the above", "E": "None of the above"}
|
A
|
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 35
| null | |||
Which foot positioning is depicted in the image?
|
{"A": "Feet centered on the platform", "B": "Lateral sides against vertical line number 4", "C": "Medial sides against vertical line number 1", "D": "Toes pointing inward", "E": "Heels aligned with the platform edge"}
|
C
|
Medial sides against vertical line number 1
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 36
| null | |||
Which foot strike classification is associated with a negative foot strike angle?
|
{"A": "Rearfoot strike", "B": "Forefoot strike", "C": "Midfoot strike", "D": "Neutral strike", "E": "Heel strike"}
|
B
|
Forefoot strike
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 37
| null | |||
Which intraoperative imaging technique is used to identify the tumor location in the sigmoid colon?
|
{"A": "White light imaging", "B": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "C": "Full-color near-infrared imaging with ICG fluorescence", "D": "Computed tomography", "E": "Ultrasound"}
|
C
|
Full-color near-infrared imaging with ICG fluorescence
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 38
| null | |||
Which structure is shown with a staple line in the image?
|
{"A": "Intestinal anastomosis", "B": "Gastric resection margin", "C": "Bowel obstruction site", "D": "Liver laceration", "E": "Pancreatic stump"}
|
E
|
Pancreatic stump
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 39
| null | |||
Which mammographic finding is highlighted in the red box of the mediolateral-oblique (MLO) view?
|
{"A": "Architectural distortion", "B": "Microcalcification cluster", "C": "Solid mass", "D": "Cystic lesion", "E": "Fibroadenoma"}
|
B
|
Microcalcification cluster
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 40
| null | |||
Which image depicts the stage where implant impression copings are used to capture the spatial relationship of implants for prosthetic fabrication?
|
{"A": "Image b, showing impression copings in a custom tray", "B": "Image a, showing healing abutments in the oral cavity", "C": "Image a, showing the intraoral view at stage II surgery", "D": "Image b, showing the intraoral view during healing abutment placement", "E": "Image a, showing the definitive impression with polyvinyl siloxane material"}
|
A
|
Image b, showing impression copings in a custom tray
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 41
| null | |||
Which segmentation model output most accurately preserves fine structural details in the brain MRI, as demonstrated by the clearest differentiation of white matter boundaries?
|
{"A": "CCZ", "B": "CNC", "C": "T-ROF", "D": "Our model (g)", "E": "Our model (Gx)"}
|
D
|
Our model (g)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 42
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the SD-OCT images showing changes after vitamin B6 treatment?
|
{"A": "Increased central macular thickness with new intraretinal cystic spaces", "B": "Stable central macular thickness with no change in intraretinal cystic spaces", "C": "Increased central macular thickness with resolution of intraretinal cystic spaces", "D": "Reduced central macular thickness with partial regression of intraretinal cystic spaces", "E": "Reduced central macular thickness with complete resolution of intraretinal cystic spaces"}
|
D
|
Reduced central macular thickness with partial regression of intraretinal cystic spaces
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 43
| null | |||
Which step in the chop and tumble nucleotomy technique is depicted in the image showing a three-dimensional pie-shaped fluid-filled space?
|
{"A": "Initial vertical chop maneuver to divide the nucleus", "B": "First pie-shaped segment chopped and aspirated", "C": "Second pie-shaped nuclear fragment created", "D": "Three-dimensional pie-shaped fluid-filled space created after emulsification", "E": "Remaining nuclear fragment tumbled toward the center and emulsified"}
|
D
|
Three-dimensional pie-shaped fluid-filled space created after emulsification
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 44
| null | |||
Which treatment group shows the smallest tumor size in the MC-C local recurrence images?
|
{"A": "Untreated control", "B": "Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-L1", "C": "All groups show similar tumor sizes", "D": "Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-L1 + m-Tyr + anti-p38", "E": "Anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy"}
|
D
|
Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-L1 + m-Tyr + anti-p38
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 45
| null | |||
Which intraoperative finding is most consistent with the described tumor characteristics?
|
{"A": "Vascular, highly vascularized tumor with irregular borders", "B": "Firm, calcified tumor with a thick capsule", "C": "Pearly white, avascular tumor with a well-defined plane of cleavage", "D": "Cystic, fluid-filled tumor with a thin capsule", "E": "Necrotic, hemorrhagic tumor with bone destruction"}
|
C
|
Pearly white, avascular tumor with a well-defined plane of cleavage
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 46
| null | |||
In the fluoroscopic image, the ventricular pacing lead is positioned in which region of the heart?
|
{"A": "Right atrial appendage", "B": "Left ventricular free wall", "C": "Coronary sinus", "D": "Right ventricular apex", "E": "Aortic valve"}
|
D
|
Right ventricular apex
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 47
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the cardiac arrhythmia shown in the device electrograms?
|
{"A": "Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response", "B": "Sustained ventricular tachycardia", "C": "Supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy", "D": "Sinus tachycardia", "E": "Atrial flutter with variable conduction"}
|
B
|
Sustained ventricular tachycardia
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 48
| null | |||
Which endoscopic finding is most consistent with the images showing follow-up after endoscopic intervention?
|
{"A": "Complete resolution of varices", "B": "Persistent large varices", "C": "Newly developed varices", "D": "Active bleeding from varices", "E": "Shrunken varices"}
|
E
|
Shrunken varices
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 49
| null | |||
Which statement best describes the expression pattern of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the breast cancer tissue shown?
|
{"A": "CXCR4 and CXCR7 are co-expressed on the same malignant cell population", "B": "CXCR4 is expressed on endothelial cells and CXCR7 on malignant cells", "C": "CXCR7 is expressed on malignant cells and CXCR4 on endothelial cells", "D": "CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed on separate populations of malignant cells", "E": "Neither receptor is expressed in the tissue"}
|
D
|
CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed on separate populations of malignant cells
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 50
| null | |||
Which contour represents the target volume derived from the maximum intensity projection of 4DCT images?
|
{"A": "GTV3D (green)", "B": "IGTVMIP (purple)", "C": "GTV4D50 (red)", "D": "IGTV10 (blue)", "E": "IGTVCBCT (yellow)"}
|
B
|
IGTVMIP (purple)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 51
| null | |||
Which imaging modality best demonstrates the lymph node metastases indicated by the red arrows in the provided images?
|
{"A": "CT alone", "B": "Fusion of PET and CT", "C": "PET alone", "D": "MRI", "E": "Ultrasound"}
|
B
|
Fusion of PET and CT
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 52
| null | |||
Which electrode placement corresponds to the sternal recording site for a phrenic nerve conduction study?
|
{"A": "Active electrode 5 cm superior to xiphoid process, reference at costal margin", "B": "Active electrode over 7th intercostal space at anterior axillary line", "C": "Stimulating electrode at posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle", "D": "Active electrode at 8th intercostal space, reference at 7th intercostal space", "E": "Stimulating electrode at level of cricoid cartilage"}
|
A
|
Active electrode 5 cm superior to xiphoid process, reference at costal margin
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 53
| null | |||
Which imaging feature is most characteristic of the splenic lesion shown?
|
{"A": "Peripheral enhancement with progressive central septal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences", "B": "Homogeneous high signal on T2-weighted fat-saturated images", "C": "Signal dropout on out-of-phase compared to in-phase T1-weighted images", "D": "Diffuse low signal on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images", "E": "Rim enhancement without internal enhancement on delayed post-contrast images"}
|
A
|
Peripheral enhancement with progressive central septal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 54
| null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the right internal carotid artery as shown in the images?
|
{"A": "Dissection with pseudoaneurysm and luminal stenosis", "B": "Aneurysm without associated stenosis", "C": "Arteriovenous malformation", "D": "Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery", "E": "Normal vascular anatomy"}
|
A
|
Dissection with pseudoaneurysm and luminal stenosis
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 55
| null | |||
Which image best demonstrates the segmental defect of the left mandibular body?
|
{"A": "Frontal view of 3D CT reconstruction showing initial mandibular fracture", "B": "Frontal view of prototype mimicking the CT image", "C": "Segmental defect measured 5 cm with ruler", "D": "Acrylic placed in defect to re-establish mandibular anatomy", "E": "Frontal view of skull with intact mandible"}
|
C
|
Segmental defect measured 5 cm with ruler
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 56
| null | |||
Which intra-operative finding is most consistent with the image?
|
{"A": "A small, well-circumscribed lesion", "B": "A localized abscess with surrounding inflammation", "C": "A normal organ with no visible abnormalities", "D": "A cystic structure with clear fluid", "E": "An extensive tumor occupying most of the intra-abdominal space"}
|
E
|
An extensive tumor occupying most of the intra-abdominal space
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 57
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the prosthetic device shown in the image?
|
{"A": "A fixed bridge replacing missing teeth", "B": "A removable plate with artificial teeth and alveolar component", "C": "A surgical implant for alveolar cleft closure", "D": "A temporary splint for post-surgical stabilization", "E": "A custom-fitted orthodontic retainer"}
|
B
|
A removable plate with artificial teeth and alveolar component
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 58
| null | |||
Which image depicts a model with moderate trabecular bone atrophy and an 11.5 mm implant length?
|
{"A": "Image (a)", "B": "Image (b)", "C": "Image (c)", "D": "Image (e)", "E": "Image (f)"}
|
E
|
Image (f)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 59
| null | |||
Which fetal cardiac abnormality is characterized by a single ventricle with rudimentary outflow tracts?
|
{"A": "Coarctation aortae", "B": "Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)", "C": "Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)", "D": "Tetralogy of Fallot", "E": "Double inlet left ventricle (DILV)"}
|
E
|
Double inlet left ventricle (DILV)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 60
| null | |||
Which panel shows the strongest correlation between fish orientation (Md) and the relative position of head to tail (Hd-Td)?
|
{"A": "Panel B", "B": "Panel A", "C": "Panel C", "D": "Panel D", "E": "All panels show equal correlation"}
|
A
|
Panel B
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 61
| null | |||
Which image depicts the surgical reconstruction used to address the bone and soft tissue defect in this patient with osteomyelitis?
|
{"A": "Preoperative X-ray showing bone destruction", "B": "External fixation device applied to the leg", "C": "2-year postoperative view of the leg", "D": "X-ray 2 years after surgery showing bone healing", "E": "Harvested fibula osteocutaneous flap"}
|
E
|
Harvested fibula osteocutaneous flap
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 62
| null | |||
Which finding is present in the cross-table radiograph (Image B) that is not visible in the anteroposterior radiograph (Image A)?
|
{"A": "Small joint effusion", "B": "External knee immobilizer", "C": "Satisfactory reduction and alignment", "D": "No evidence of fracture", "E": "Heterotopic ossification on the patellar tendon"}
|
E
|
Heterotopic ossification on the patellar tendon
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 63
| null | |||
In the context of zygoma fracture reduction using a navigation program, what do the green dots in image (e) represent?
|
{"A": "Dislocated zygoma coordinates before reduction", "B": "Points selected for registration on the skull", "C": "Navigation data transmission points", "D": "Transformation matrix elements", "E": "Ideal reduced position coordinates after transformation"}
|
E
|
Ideal reduced position coordinates after transformation
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 64
| null | |||
Which coronary artery is labeled as the right coronary artery in the image?
|
{"A": "Left main coronary artery (LM)", "B": "Right coronary artery (RCA)", "C": "Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)", "D": "Left circumflex coronary artery (LCx)", "E": "Left anterior oblique (LAO)"}
|
B
|
Right coronary artery (RCA)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 65
| null | |||
Which substrate configuration shows a distinct layer between the photocathode and the Au film?
|
{"A": "Non-coated Au substrate", "B": "Si substrate without Au film", "C": "Graphene-coated Si substrate", "D": "Graphene-coated Au substrate", "E": "Non-coated Si substrate"}
|
D
|
Graphene-coated Au substrate
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 66
| null | |||
Which head CT scan shows the largest intracranial abscess?
|
{"A": "Admission scan with right temporoparietal ICH", "B": "One-month scan with right hemisphere abscess", "C": "Postoperative scan with right frontotemporoparietal ICH", "D": "Postoperative scan with right parietal residual abscess", "E": "Two-month scan with left frontal ICH"}
|
B
|
One-month scan with right hemisphere abscess
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 67
| null | |||
In the surgical images of a prepontine cistern epidermoid cyst, which structure is used to decompress the trigeminal nerve root after identifying an offending artery?
|
{"A": "Cerebellar hemisphere", "B": "Epidermoid tumor", "C": "Teflon pad", "D": "Acoustic nerve", "E": "Brain stem"}
|
C
|
Teflon pad
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 68
| null | |||
Which structure is being targeted during the procedure shown?
|
{"A": "Femoral condyle", "B": "Tibial plateau", "C": "Patellar tendon", "D": "Medial meniscus", "E": "Lateral collateral ligament"}
|
B
|
Tibial plateau
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 69
| null | |||
Which image depicts the clinical finding that led to the abandonment of the revitalization attempt?
|
{"A": "Persistent bleeding in the root canal", "B": "Root canal after calcium hydroxide removal", "C": "Bleeding provoked from the apex", "D": "Unstable blood clot despite collagen placement", "E": "Root canal with stable blood clot formation"}
|
A
|
Persistent bleeding in the root canal
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 70
| null | |||
Which structure is embedded in the tympanum as shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Incus", "B": "Malleus", "C": "Stapes", "D": "Cochlea", "E": "Semicircular canal"}
|
B
|
Malleus
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 71
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the CT scan image of the abdomen?
|
{"A": "Gallstones in the gallbladder", "B": "Liver cirrhosis with ascites", "C": "Fat stranding surrounding the head of the pancreas", "D": "Intestinal obstruction with dilated loops", "E": "Renal cysts in both kidneys"}
|
C
|
Fat stranding surrounding the head of the pancreas
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 72
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the changes observed in the images after dovitinib treatment?
|
{"A": "Decreased tumor arterial flow with massive necrosis", "B": "Increased tumor size with preserved blood flow", "C": "Increased intratumoral perfusion without necrosis", "D": "Stable tumor size and blood flow", "E": "Tumor regression without necrosis"}
|
A
|
Decreased tumor arterial flow with massive necrosis
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 73
| null | |||
Which of the following best describes the primary treatment goal for the patient shown in the images?
|
{"A": "Extraction of maxillary premolars to correct Class II malocclusion", "B": "Correction of Class III malocclusion with mandibular advancement", "C": "Expansion of the maxillary arch to address crowding", "D": "Intrusion of mandibular incisors to reduce overbite", "E": "Distalization of the entire maxillary dentition with simultaneous anterior intrusion"}
|
E
|
Distalization of the entire maxillary dentition with simultaneous anterior intrusion
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 74
| null | |||
Which radiographic finding is most consistent with the clinical presentation of a hard bulge in the maxillary right canine region?
|
{"A": "Impacted maxillary right lateral incisor with root resorption", "B": "Retained maxillary right deciduous canine with normal root morphology", "C": "Impacted maxillary right canine with crown resorption", "D": "Mandibular arch asymmetry with severe crowding", "E": "Complex odontome in the maxillary right canine region"}
|
E
|
Complex odontome in the maxillary right canine region
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 75
| null | |||
A 75-year-old female with chronic pancreatitis presents with worsening abdominal pain and early satiety. Ultrasound shows a hypoechoic cystic structure separate from the gallbladder. Color Doppler reveals high vascularity. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
|
{"A": "Gallbladder carcinoma", "B": "GDA pseudoaneurysm", "C": "Pancreatic pseudocyst", "D": "Hepatic hemangioma", "E": "Choledochal cyst"}
|
B
|
GDA pseudoaneurysm
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 76
| null | |||
Which molar type is depicted in the schematic diagram labeled 'a'?
|
{"A": "Maxillary first molar", "B": "Mandibular first molar", "C": "Maxillary second molar", "D": "Mandibular second molar", "E": "Premolar"}
|
A
|
Maxillary first molar
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 77
| null | |||
Which treatment group is represented by images g–l?
|
{"A": "Control group (Emdogain)", "B": "Test group (HyaDENT BG)", "C": "Porcine xenograft (THE Graft)", "D": "Subepithelial connective tissue graft", "E": "Baseline radiographic view only"}
|
B
|
Test group (HyaDENT BG)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 78
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the histopathological changes observed in diabetic nephropathy (DN) compared to non-diabetic controls?
|
{"A": "Decreased endoglin expression in the interstitium", "B": "Reduced Sirius Red staining indicating less collagen deposition", "C": "Lower mRNA expression of endoglin in whole kidney lysates", "D": "Increased endoglin-positive interstitial area", "E": "Absence of endoglin staining in glomerular mesangial cells"}
|
D
|
Increased endoglin-positive interstitial area
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 79
| null | |||
Which image depicts a pigmented lesion with features most consistent with seborrheic keratosis?
|
{"A": "A lesion with a rough, warty surface and brown pigmentation", "B": "A lesion with a uniform brown color and well-defined borders", "C": "A lesion with irregular borders and multiple colors", "D": "A lesion with a smooth surface and central hyperpigmentation", "E": "A lesion with a flat, macular appearance and diffuse pigmentation"}
|
A
|
A lesion with a rough, warty surface and brown pigmentation
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 80
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the post-treatment appearance of the breast lesion shown in image B?
|
{"A": "Persistent signal restriction indicating viable tumor", "B": "Absent signal restriction suggesting treatment response", "C": "Increased lesion size with new soft tissue infiltration", "D": "Development of skin ulceration and necrosis", "E": "New axillary lymph node metastases"}
|
B
|
Absent signal restriction suggesting treatment response
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 81
| null | |||
Which imaging modality provides the most detailed information about the distribution of 90Y radioembolization in the left hepatic lobe, correlating with pre-treatment viable tumor?
|
{"A": "Pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT", "B": "Left hepatic angiogram during 90Y infusion", "C": "Bremsstrahlung SPECT", "D": "90Y PET/CT", "E": "Conventional MRI"}
|
D
|
90Y PET/CT
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 82
| null | |||
Which postoperative finding is demonstrated in the CT images?
|
{"A": "Adequate reduction of listhesis and restoration of disc height", "B": "Displacement of the intervertebral cage", "C": "Malpositioned pedicular screws", "D": "Postoperative infection", "E": "Persistent spinal stenosis"}
|
A
|
Adequate reduction of listhesis and restoration of disc height
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 83
| null | |||
Which brain structure shows a distinct pattern of volume change during maturation from 8 to 30 years, contrasting with the non-linear decrease observed in cortical lobes?
|
{"A": "Frontal lobe", "B": "Parietal lobe", "C": "Occipital lobe", "D": "Hippocampus", "E": "Temporal lobe"}
|
D
|
Hippocampus
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 84
| null | |||
Which abnormality is depicted in the preoperative image (A)?
|
{"A": "Acquired periungual fibrokeratoma with garlic-shaped mass and multiple elongated projections", "B": "Onychomycosis with subungual hyperkeratosis and nail plate discoloration", "C": "Pyogenic granuloma with friable, red, exophytic lesion", "D": "Subungual melanoma with irregular pigmented lesion", "E": "Paronychia with erythema and purulent discharge at proximal nail fold"}
|
A
|
Acquired periungual fibrokeratoma with garlic-shaped mass and multiple elongated projections
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 85
| null | |||
Which finding is characteristic of the SAH group in the Evans blue dye test?
|
{"A": "Uniform blue staining throughout the brain parenchyma", "B": "No blue staining in any brain regions", "C": "Blue staining limited to the meninges", "D": "Diffuse blue staining in the ventricles", "E": "Focal blue extravasation in the brain parenchyma (arrow)"}
|
E
|
Focal blue extravasation in the brain parenchyma (arrow)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 86
| null | |||
Which intraoperative finding is most consistent with the surgical procedure depicted?
|
{"A": "Intact pulmonary valve with normal leaflet morphology", "B": "Aortic valve vegetation suspicious for infective endocarditis", "C": "Severely destroyed pulmonary valve with stenotic right ventricular outflow tract", "D": "Normal tricuspid aortic valve with no cusp abnormalities", "E": "Mechanical aortic valve replacement in progress"}
|
C
|
Severely destroyed pulmonary valve with stenotic right ventricular outflow tract
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 87
| null | |||
Which MRI sequence best demonstrates the characteristic multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor pattern in the right occipital lobe?
|
{"A": "T1-weighted image", "B": "Apparent diffusion coefficient map", "C": "T2-weighted image", "D": "Diffusion-weighted image", "E": "T1-weighted image with contrast"}
|
C
|
T2-weighted image
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 88
| null | |||
Which vital dye is used to demonstrate punctate corneal staining as shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Rose bengal", "B": "Lissamine green", "C": "Fluorescein", "D": "Methylene blue", "E": "Indocyanine green"}
|
C
|
Fluorescein
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 89
| null | |||
Which image shows the aorta after stent placement for coarctation?
|
{"A": "Image A, showing the aorta prior to stenting", "B": "Image A, showing the aorta with a dissection", "C": "Image B, showing the aorta with a dissection", "D": "Image B, showing the aorta immediately after stenting", "E": "Neither image shows the aorta after stenting"}
|
D
|
Image B, showing the aorta immediately after stenting
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 90
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the renal ultrasound image?
|
{"A": "Right kidney measuring 11.6 cm in length", "B": "Left kidney measuring 11.4 cm in length", "C": "Hydronephrosis present", "D": "Increased renal cortical echogenicity", "E": "Normal renal cortical echogenicity"}
|
D
|
Increased renal cortical echogenicity
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 91
| null | |||
Which histopathological feature is characteristic of erythema nodosum?
|
{"A": "Predominantly lobular panniculitis with vasculitis", "B": "Granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis", "C": "Lymphocytic infiltrate without neutrophils or giant cells", "D": "Epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratosis", "E": "Septal panniculitis without vasculitis"}
|
E
|
Septal panniculitis without vasculitis
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 92
| null | |||
In the lung ultrasound scanning protocol depicted, which zone corresponds to the posterolateral chest wall between the posterior axillary line and the spine?
|
{"A": "Zone 1 (anterior chest wall between anterior axillary line and sternum)", "B": "Zone 3 (posterolateral chest wall between posterior axillary line and spine)", "C": "Zone 2 (lateral chest wall between anterior and posterior axillary lines)", "D": "Upper zone (above inter-nipple line)", "E": "Lower zone (below inter-nipple line)"}
|
B
|
Zone 3 (posterolateral chest wall between posterior axillary line and spine)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 93
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the abdominal wall discoloration shown?
|
{"A": "Cool, nontender bluish discoloration limited to the umbilicus", "B": "Warm, tender erythematous rash confined to the right lower quadrant", "C": "Warm, tender yellowish discoloration extending to the left flank", "D": "Cool, nontender brownish discoloration extending to the right flank", "E": "Warm, tender yellowish discoloration extending to the right flank"}
|
C
|
Warm, tender yellowish discoloration extending to the left flank
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 94
| null | |||
Which marker is expected to label Müller glia processes extending across all retinal layers in the undamaged adult mouse retina?
|
{"A": "Rhodopsin", "B": "Calbindin", "C": "GS", "D": "GFAP", "E": "Nestin"}
|
C
|
GS
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 95
| null | |||
Based on the histological images, which region shows the most dense terminal labeling from the central amygdala?
|
{"A": "Central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA)", "B": "Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)", "C": "Basilar pons (rostral region)", "D": "Reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN)", "E": "Anterior cingulate cortex (AC)"}
|
C
|
Basilar pons (rostral region)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 96
| null | |||
Which imaging modality identified an additional enhancing lesion in the left breast that was not initially detected by mammography?
|
{"A": "Contrast-enhanced MRI, bilateral breasts", "B": "Mammography, right breast CC view", "C": "Mammography, left breast CC view", "D": "Ultrasound-guided needle core biopsy", "E": "Ultrasound of the right breast"}
|
A
|
Contrast-enhanced MRI, bilateral breasts
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 97
| null | |||
Which structure is embedded in the tympanum as shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Incus", "B": "Stapes", "C": "Cochlea", "D": "Semicircular canal", "E": "Malleus"}
|
E
|
Malleus
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 98
| null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the clinical presentation depicted in the images?
|
{"A": "Isolated calf varices without associated symptoms", "B": "Acute arterial occlusion with limb ischemia", "C": "Lower extremity swelling and varices of the calf and thigh", "D": "Chronic venous insufficiency with ulceration", "E": "Deep vein thrombosis with post-thrombotic syndrome"}
|
C
|
Lower extremity swelling and varices of the calf and thigh
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset2k
| 99
| null |
Code: https://github.com/UCSC-VLAA/MedVLSynther Project Page: https://ucsc-vlaa.github.io/MedVLSynther/
We release MedSynVQA and the subsets used in our paper. Each set targets medical vision–language QA and supports RLVR/SFT training.
| Dataset | Generator | Verifier | Modality | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MedSynVQA | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | Full training set for medical VQA (used for RLVR). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-10K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 10K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 5K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-2K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 2K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-1K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 1K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-qwen-glm | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator and verifier choice ablation (GLM→Qwen generator, Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-internvl-glm | InternVL-3.5 38B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator choice ablation (InternVL→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-glm-glm | GLM-4.5V 108B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier choice ablation (Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-no-verify | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier necessity ablation (no verification step). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-PMC-style | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated with PMC-VQA–style prompts. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-SFT | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated for SFT training. | 🤗 HF |
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load evaluation dataset
eval_dataset = load_dataset("UCSC-VLAA/MedVLThinker-Eval")
# Load training dataset
train_dataset = load_dataset("MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K")
All train datasets follow a unified format:
{
"images": [PIL.Image], # List of images
"question": str, # Question text
"options": Dict[str, str], # Multiple choice options
"answer_label": str, # Correct answer label (A, B, C, D, E)
"answer": str, # Full answer text
"reasoning": str, # Chain-of-thought reasoning (optional)
"dataset_name": str, # Source dataset name
"dataset_index": int # Unique sample identifier
}