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Which abnormality is present in the left distal femur based on the radiographs?
{"A": "Patchy high-density shadow", "B": "Fracture", "C": "Bone destruction", "D": "Osteoporosis", "E": "Joint effusion"}
A
Patchy high-density shadow
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
0
null
Which imaging finding is more severe in the placebo-treated fetlock compared to the BM-MSC-treated fetlock?
{"A": "Synovial effusion on T1-weighted MRI", "B": "Osteophytes on radiographic oblique view", "C": "Periarticular osteophytes on STIR MRI", "D": "Synovial effusion on ultrasound", "E": "Osteophytes on ultrasound"}
B
Osteophytes on radiographic oblique view
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
1
null
Which finding is most consistent with the arteriography images shown?
{"A": "Severe stenosis of the common iliac arteries with normal aortic opacification", "B": "Thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta with absent collateral circulation", "C": "Complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta with preserved renal artery opacification", "D": "Atherosclerotic plaques in the femoral arteries with patent aortic bifurcation", "E": "Normal aortic and iliac artery anatomy with no vascular abnormalities"}
C
Complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta with preserved renal artery opacification
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
2
null
Which set of radiographic findings is most consistent with a diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia?
{"A": "Short stubby fingers with dysplastic nails and acro-osteolysis", "B": "Tibial shaft fracture", "C": "Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures", "D": "Large cranial vault with persistent open sutures and fontanelles, hypoplastic facial bones, and underdeveloped mandible", "E": "Scoliosis with vertebral rotation"}
D
Large cranial vault with persistent open sutures and fontanelles, hypoplastic facial bones, and underdeveloped mandible
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
3
null
In the coronary angiogram, what does the tortuosity index represent?
{"A": "Ratio of absolute vessel length to straight-line length", "B": "Difference between absolute vessel length and straight-line length", "C": "Straight-line length of the coronary artery", "D": "Absolute length of the coronary artery", "E": "Diameter of the coronary artery"}
A
Ratio of absolute vessel length to straight-line length
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
4
null
Which abnormality is present in the sacral region of this computed tomographic image?
{"A": "Sacral fracture with displacement", "B": "Butterfly vertebrae of S1", "C": "Metastatic lesion in the sacrum", "D": "Infectious spondylodiscitis", "E": "Charcot arthropathy of the sacroiliac joint"}
B
Butterfly vertebrae of S1
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
5
null
Which radiographic finding is most consistent with the described temporomandibular joint pathology?
{"A": "Condyles positioned posterior to the glenoid fossa in intercuspal position", "B": "Condyles showing normal translation during mouth opening", "C": "Severe resorption and deformity of both condyles", "D": "Condyles located within the glenoid fossa during mouth opening", "E": "Asymmetric condylar morphology with unilateral resorption"}
C
Severe resorption and deformity of both condyles
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
6
null
Which image demonstrates a sign of root infection based on the lamina dura status?
{"A": "Intact lamina dura around all teeth", "B": "Lamina dura fused with the maxillary sinus floor in the periapical region", "C": "Apical periodontitis on tooth 25", "D": "Discontinuation of the lamina dura on the mesiobuccal root of tooth 26", "E": "Normal periodontal ligament space without radiolucency"}
D
Discontinuation of the lamina dura on the mesiobuccal root of tooth 26
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
7
null
Which structure is indicated by the curved arrow in the panoramic radiograph of the posterior left maxilla?
{"A": "Anterior wall of the maxillary sinus", "B": "Pterygopalatine fossa", "C": "Alveolar crest", "D": "Zygomatic arch", "E": "Posterior wall of the maxillary sinus"}
E
Posterior wall of the maxillary sinus
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
8
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the arrow in the AP X-ray of the ankle?
{"A": "Reduced width of the distal fibular physis", "B": "Displacement of the tibial epiphysis", "C": "Fracture of the distal tibial metaphysis", "D": "Oedema in the lateral ankle soft tissues", "E": "Superimposition of the fibula on the tibia"}
A
Reduced width of the distal fibular physis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
9
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the yellow arrows in the postoperative CT images?
{"A": "Stable talonavicular joint", "B": "Osteoarthritis at the posteromedial subtalar joint", "C": "United calcaneus fracture", "D": "Displaced talar fracture", "E": "Intact Achilles tendon"}
B
Osteoarthritis at the posteromedial subtalar joint
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
10
null
Which of the following is the most likely indication for the surgical hardware visible in this radiograph?
{"A": "Tibial plateau fracture repair", "B": "Meniscal repair", "C": "Patellar fracture stabilization", "D": "Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction", "E": "Total knee arthroplasty"}
C
Patellar fracture stabilization
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
11
null
Which abnormality is most prominently visualized on the CT scan (Figure 1b)?
{"A": "Bilateral mild pleural effusion", "B": "Increased bronchovascular prominence", "C": "Pulmonary consolidation", "D": "Significant mediastinal adenopathy", "E": "Pleural thickening"}
D
Significant mediastinal adenopathy
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
12
null
This panoramic radiograph shows bone loss around natural teeth in a patient with a long-span fixed prosthesis. Which region exhibits the most severe bone resorption?
{"A": "Anterior maxillary region", "B": "Anterior mandibular region", "C": "Posterior maxillary region", "D": "No significant bone loss is visible", "E": "Posterior mandibular region"}
E
Posterior mandibular region
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
13
null
Which of the following best describes the quantitative measurement shown in the image?
{"A": "Assessment of osteophyte Hounsfield unit values at the L3 vertebra", "B": "Measurement of bone mineral density at the L3 vertebra", "C": "Evaluation of spinal canal stenosis at the L3 level", "D": "Calculation of vertebral body height ratio at L3", "E": "Determination of disc space narrowing at the L3-L4 level"}
A
Assessment of osteophyte Hounsfield unit values at the L3 vertebra
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
14
null
Which radiographic finding is characterized by a dense metaphyseal line?
{"A": "Generalized osteopenia", "B": "Dense metaphyseal line", "C": "Metaphyseal spurs with cupping", "D": "Lucent metaphyseal bands", "E": "Extended periosteal reaction"}
B
Dense metaphyseal line
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
15
null
Which finding is most consistent with the imaging features shown?
{"A": "Osteoporotic compression fracture of L4", "B": "Metastatic lesion in the left L4 pedicle", "C": "Stress fracture of the right L4 pedicle", "D": "Degenerative disc disease at L4-L5", "E": "Spondylolisthesis at L4-L5"}
C
Stress fracture of the right L4 pedicle
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
16
null
Which radiographic finding is most consistent with the treatment described for the distal radius lesion?
{"A": "Cortical breakthrough with soft-tissue extension", "B": "Complete resection of the distal radius", "C": "Arthrodesis with structural bone graft", "D": "Intralesional bone cement filling the cavity", "E": "Centralization of the distal ulna"}
D
Intralesional bone cement filling the cavity
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
17
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the red arrows in this chest X-ray?
{"A": "Right-sided pneumothorax", "B": "Left-sided atelectasis", "C": "Mediastinal shift to the right", "D": "Bilateral pulmonary edema", "E": "Bilateral pleural effusion"}
E
Bilateral pleural effusion
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
18
null
Which of the following best describes the vertebral anomaly shown in this image?
{"A": "Six lumbar vertebrae with incomplete sacral integration", "B": "Five lumbar vertebrae with complete sacral fusion", "C": "Thoracicization of the first lumbar vertebra", "D": "Lumbarization of the twelfth thoracic vertebra", "E": "Normal lumbar spine with five vertebrae"}
A
Six lumbar vertebrae with incomplete sacral integration
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
19
null
Which imaging modality best demonstrates the complete decompression of the spinal canal at the L4/5 level three months postoperatively?
{"A": "Preoperative X-ray", "B": "Postoperative CT", "C": "Postoperative MRI", "D": "Intraoperative fluoroscopy", "E": "Postoperative flexion-extension X-ray"}
B
Postoperative CT
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
20
null
In panoramic radiography, which structure demarcates the lateral boundary of the nasal cavity, rather than the actual lateral wall?
{"A": "Nasal septum", "B": "Maxillary sinus floor", "C": "Nasal pyriform aperture of the maxilla", "D": "Hard palatal line", "E": "Lateral nasal wall"}
C
Nasal pyriform aperture of the maxilla
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
21
null
Which finding is demonstrated in the 36-month postoperative lateral radiograph?
{"A": "Normal prosthesis position without bone loss", "B": "Anterior heterotopic ossification", "C": "Severe implant subsidence", "D": "Peri-prosthesis bone loss at the anterior vertebral body margin", "E": "Endplate collapse"}
D
Peri-prosthesis bone loss at the anterior vertebral body margin
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
22
null
Which view of the tibia/fibula is shown on the right side of the image?
{"A": "Anteroposterior", "B": "Oblique", "C": "Axial", "D": "Coronal", "E": "Lateral"}
E
Lateral
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
23
null
Which structure is indicated by the orange arrow in image B?
{"A": "Descending duodenum", "B": "Pancreatic pseudocyst", "C": "Common bile duct", "D": "Gallbladder", "E": "Stomach"}
A
Descending duodenum
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
24
null
Which vascular abnormality is demonstrated in this MRI image?
{"A": "Aneurysmal dilation of the popliteal arteries", "B": "Occlusion of the superficial femoral arteries from the deep femoral artery bifurcation", "C": "Stenosis of the common femoral arteries", "D": "Occlusion of the external iliac arteries", "E": "Normal vascular anatomy without abnormalities"}
B
Occlusion of the superficial femoral arteries from the deep femoral artery bifurcation
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
25
null
Which imaging modality best demonstrates the displaced capitellar shear fracture in this case?
{"A": "AP radiograph", "B": "Lateral radiograph", "C": "3D CT scan", "D": "MRI", "E": "Ultrasound"}
C
3D CT scan
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
26
null
Which angle is measured in this pelvic radiograph according to the described method?
{"A": "Angle between the iliac crest and the pubic symphysis", "B": "Angle between the sacroiliac joint and the acetabulum", "C": "Angle between the lumbar spine and the sacral plate", "D": "Angle between the sacral plate and the femoral head axis", "E": "Angle between the pubic rami and the ischial tuberosity"}
D
Angle between the sacral plate and the femoral head axis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
27
null
Which image demonstrates a technical error in root canal treatment of a Type II premolar?
{"A": "Sagittal section showing root canal treatment without technical error", "B": "Cross-sectional view showing missed untreated canal", "C": "Sagittal section showing complete root canal treatment", "D": "Cross-sectional view showing successful root canal treatment", "E": "Sagittal section showing defective treatment with a missed untreated canal"}
E
Sagittal section showing defective treatment with a missed untreated canal
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
28
null
Which imaging modality is depicted in this image?
{"A": "Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)", "B": "Computed tomography angiography (CTA)", "C": "Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)", "D": "Ultrasound Doppler", "E": "Positron emission tomography (PET)"}
A
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
29
null
Which abnormality is most prominently demonstrated on this frontal chest radiograph?
{"A": "Right-sided pneumothorax", "B": "Bilateral diffuse infiltrates with right-sided predominance", "C": "Endotracheal tube malposition", "D": "Left-sided pneumomediastinum", "E": "Right internal jugular central venous line malposition"}
B
Bilateral diffuse infiltrates with right-sided predominance
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
30
null
Which imaging modality is used to confirm the presence of SMA syndrome in this patient?
{"A": "Whole spine radiographs", "B": "Abdominal CT scan", "C": "Barium contrast study", "D": "MRI", "E": "Ultrasound"}
C
Barium contrast study
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
31
null
Which view of the elbow is shown in image B?
{"A": "Anteroposterior (AP) view", "B": "Oblique view", "C": "Axial view", "D": "Lateral view", "E": "Coronal view"}
D
Lateral view
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
32
null
Which medical device is visible in the left thorax on this radiograph?
{"A": "Pacemaker generator", "B": "Intravenous catheter tip", "C": "Pleural drainage tube", "D": "Sternal wire", "E": "Implanted port reservoir"}
E
Implanted port reservoir
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
33
null
Which treatment plan uses a single-channel vaginal cylinder?
{"A": "Right plan with single-channel cylinder", "B": "Left plan with multichannel cylinder", "C": "Both plans use multichannel cylinders", "D": "Neither plan uses a vaginal cylinder", "E": "Both plans use single-channel cylinders"}
A
Right plan with single-channel cylinder
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
34
null
Which segment of the left vertebral artery is affected by the stenosis shown in the images?
{"A": "V1 segment", "B": "V4 segment", "C": "V2 segment", "D": "V3 segment", "E": "V5 segment"}
B
V4 segment
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
35
null
Which vascular structure is being accessed and treated in this fluoroscopic image?
{"A": "Left common femoral artery", "B": "Superior vena cava", "C": "Right upper lobe pulmonary artery", "D": "Descending aorta", "E": "Inferior vena cava"}
C
Right upper lobe pulmonary artery
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
36
null
Which abnormality is present in the chest radiograph?
{"A": "Right upper lobe consolidation", "B": "Left middle lobe atelectasis", "C": "Pleural effusion", "D": "Right upper and left middle zone nodular opacities with right upper nodule cavity", "E": "Pneumothorax"}
D
Right upper and left middle zone nodular opacities with right upper nodule cavity
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
37
null
Which finding is most consistent with the radiographic appearance of the right femur in this patient?
{"A": "Normal bone structure with no evidence of hardware", "B": "Displaced fracture of the femoral shaft", "C": "Osteolytic lesion without associated hardware", "D": "Complete absence of surgical hardware", "E": "Presence of intramedullary hardware with surrounding osseous changes"}
E
Presence of intramedullary hardware with surrounding osseous changes
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
38
null
Which imaging modality is used to assess the repaired left mandible in the provided images?
{"A": "X-ray", "B": "Computed tomography (CT)", "C": "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)", "D": "Ultrasound", "E": "Positron emission tomography (PET)"}
A
X-ray
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
39
null
In the image of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS), what does the arrow indicate?
{"A": "The gallbladder", "B": "The endoscope insertion site", "C": "A bile duct stricture", "D": "The duodenum", "E": "A liver lobe"}
B
The endoscope insertion site
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
40
null
Which abnormality is present in the chest X-ray?
{"A": "Pleural effusion in the left lower lobe", "B": "Pneumothorax in the right hemithorax", "C": "Minimal patchy airspace opacity in the right parahilar region", "D": "Consolidation in the left upper lobe", "E": "No abnormalities identified"}
C
Minimal patchy airspace opacity in the right parahilar region
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
41
null
Which finding is most consistent with the radiograph of tooth #9 after apexification?
{"A": "Complete root resorption with no PDL", "B": "Periapical radiolucency indicating infection", "C": "Gutta-percha filling without MTA plug", "D": "Open apices with MTA plug at the root end", "E": "Closed apices with no endodontic treatment"}
D
Open apices with MTA plug at the root end
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
42
null
Which artery supplies the intrapericardial tumour shown in the images?
{"A": "Right coronary artery", "B": "Left circumflex artery", "C": "Posterior descending artery", "D": "Right marginal artery", "E": "Left anterior descending artery"}
E
Left anterior descending artery
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
43
null
Which complication is most likely responsible for the device and lead abnormalities shown in the images?
{"A": "Twiddler’s syndrome", "B": "Device battery depletion", "C": "Lead fracture", "D": "Infection", "E": "Lead dislodgement"}
A
Twiddler’s syndrome
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
44
null
Which anatomical relationship is depicted in this three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction?
{"A": "Medial clavicle displaced anterior to the first rib", "B": "Medial clavicle displaced posterior to the first rib", "C": "Lateral clavicle displaced superior to the acromion", "D": "Medial clavicle displaced inferior to the sternum", "E": "Lateral clavicle displaced anterior to the scapula"}
B
Medial clavicle displaced posterior to the first rib
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
45
null
Which view of the knee arthroplasty shows the patella centered on the femoral axis?
{"A": "Lateral view", "B": "Axial view", "C": "Coronal view", "D": "Sagittal view", "E": "Oblique view"}
C
Coronal view
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
46
null
In this right lateral thoracic radiograph of a dog, what is the purpose of the green lines?
{"A": "To measure the length of the vertebral column", "B": "To evaluate the position of the diaphragm", "C": "To determine the diameter of the trachea", "D": "To assess the size of the left atrium", "E": "To identify the location of a rib fracture"}
D
To assess the size of the left atrium
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
47
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the arrow in this chest radiogram?
{"A": "Pneumothorax", "B": "Pleural effusion", "C": "Pulmonary consolidation", "D": "Cardiomegaly", "E": "Dilated intrathoracic stomach"}
E
Dilated intrathoracic stomach
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
48
null
Which postoperative finding is demonstrated in the CT images?
{"A": "Adequate reduction of listhesis and restoration of disc height", "B": "Displacement of the intervertebral cage", "C": "Malpositioned pedicular screws", "D": "Postoperative infection", "E": "Persistent spinal stenosis"}
A
Adequate reduction of listhesis and restoration of disc height
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
49
null
This intraoperative fluoroscopic image shows a long bone with a metallic implant. Which of the following best describes the type of fixation used?
{"A": "Intramedullary nail", "B": "Plate and screw osteosynthesis", "C": "External fixator", "D": "Screw-only fixation", "E": "Wiring"}
B
Plate and screw osteosynthesis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
50
null
Which radiographic view is best for evaluating the relationship between the maxilla and mandible in the sagittal plane?
{"A": "Panoramic view", "B": "Periapical view", "C": "Lateral cephalometric view", "D": "Bitewing view", "E": "Occlusal view"}
C
Lateral cephalometric view
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
51
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Which HRCT finding is most prominently associated with the non-survival case of ARDS?
{"A": "Extensive ground-glass opacities with smooth bronchial walls", "B": "Bilateral ground-glass opacities with reticulation", "C": "Homogeneous consolidation obscuring vascular margins", "D": "Prominent traction bronchiectasis", "E": "Subpleural honeycombing"}
D
Prominent traction bronchiectasis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
52
null
Which finding is most consistent with the chest X-ray image?
{"A": "Unilateral pleural effusion", "B": "Right-sided pneumothorax", "C": "Left lower lobe atelectasis", "D": "Normal lung parenchyma", "E": "Bilateral pulmonary consolidation"}
E
Bilateral pulmonary consolidation
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
53
null
Which abnormality is demonstrated in the distal colostogram image?
{"A": "Contrast column ending at the level of the ischial spines", "B": "Normal colonic anatomy with no contrast abnormalities", "C": "Contrast extending into the urinary bladder", "D": "Complete absence of contrast in the rectum", "E": "Contrast pooling in the peritoneal cavity"}
A
Contrast column ending at the level of the ischial spines
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
54
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Which radiograph shows the most severe osteophyte formation and joint-space narrowing in the knee, as indicated by the highest OARSI score?
{"A": "Fig. 1-B", "B": "Fig. 1-A", "C": "Fig. 1-C", "D": "All three have identical severity", "E": "Fig. 1-B and Fig. 1-C have equal severity"}
B
Fig. 1-A
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
55
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In the provided radiograph, which region of interest (ROI) is located in the middle third of the diaphysis of the radius?
{"A": "Proximal cortical radius", "B": "Distal cortical radius", "C": "Middle cortical radius", "D": "Proximal cortical ulna", "E": "Distal cortical ulna"}
C
Middle cortical radius
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
56
null
Which of the following injuries is most likely to result in long-term complications requiring reconstructive procedures?
{"A": "Severe head injury", "B": "Closed fractures of left elbow", "C": "Supracondylar fracture humerus", "D": "Open IIIB left femoral fracture", "E": "Olecranon implant in situ"}
D
Open IIIB left femoral fracture
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
57
null
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the patient's clinical presentation of fever, dyspnea, and abdominal distension during induction chemotherapy?
{"A": "Pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray", "B": "Ground-glass opacities on high-resolution CT", "C": "Pleural effusion on chest X-ray", "D": "Pneumothorax on high-resolution CT", "E": "Gas-filled colonic dilatation on abdominal X-ray"}
E
Gas-filled colonic dilatation on abdominal X-ray
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
58
null
Which image shows the elbow after surgical hardware removal?
{"A": "Image (c)", "B": "Image (a)", "C": "Image (b)", "D": "All images show hardware", "E": "None of the images show hardware"}
A
Image (c)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
59
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Which fracture type is correctly associated with the T12 level in the provided images?
{"A": "T11 compression fracture", "B": "T12 burst fracture", "C": "T11 burst fracture", "D": "T12 compression fracture", "E": "T12 ligamentous injury"}
B
T12 burst fracture
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
60
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Which abnormality is present in the posteroanterior chest x-ray?
{"A": "Pneumothorax", "B": "Pleural effusion", "C": "Metallic foreign body in retrocardiac area", "D": "Tracheobronchial tree deviation", "E": "Pericardial effusion"}
C
Metallic foreign body in retrocardiac area
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
61
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Which image depicts a postoperative X-ray following cementless revision of a failed total hip arthroplasty?
{"A": "Image a", "B": "Image c", "C": "All images", "D": "Image b", "E": "None of the images"}
D
Image b
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
62
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Which finding is most consistent with pneumonia in these pediatric chest X-rays?
{"A": "Clear lung fields with no interstitial markings", "B": "Hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms", "C": "Pleural effusion with meniscus sign", "D": "Pneumothorax with visible visceral pleural line", "E": "Increased lung opacity with air bronchograms"}
E
Increased lung opacity with air bronchograms
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
63
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Which image demonstrates the postoperative appearance of a successfully reduced and fixed medial epicondyle fracture using a Lag-screw?
{"A": "AP X-ray after surgery showing fragment well reduced and fixed by Lag-screw", "B": "AP X-ray before surgery showing displaced medial epicondyle fracture", "C": "Lateral X-ray before surgery showing displaced medial epicondyle fracture without joint dislocation", "D": "Lateral X-ray before surgery showing fragment well reduced and fixed by Lag-screw", "E": "AP X-ray in last follow up showing good skeletal healed"}
A
AP X-ray after surgery showing fragment well reduced and fixed by Lag-screw
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
64
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Which tooth is facially impacted based on the provided three-dimensional images?
{"A": "Maxillary left canine (23)", "B": "Maxillary right canine (13)", "C": "Mandibular right canine", "D": "Mandibular left canine", "E": "Maxillary right first premolar"}
B
Maxillary right canine (13)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
65
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Which finding is demonstrated in the postoperative radiographs of the foot?
{"A": "Subluxated 2nd metatarsophalangeal joint", "B": "Degenerative changes in the ankle joint", "C": "Improved alignment of the 2nd toe", "D": "Fracture of the 5th metatarsal bone", "E": "Osteophyte formation at the 1st MTPJ"}
C
Improved alignment of the 2nd toe
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
66
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Which vertebra is morphologically classified as thoracic based on the provided images?
{"A": "17th vertebra", "B": "19th vertebra", "C": "20th vertebra", "D": "18th vertebra", "E": "21st vertebra"}
D
18th vertebra
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
67
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Which abnormality is indicated by the white arrow in this lateral cephalogram?
{"A": "Fracture of the parietal bone", "B": "Calcified pineal gland", "C": "Sinusitis involving the sphenoid sinus", "D": "Osteoma of the frontal bone", "E": "Enlarged parietal foramen"}
E
Enlarged parietal foramen
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
68
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This panoramic X-ray image is most likely used to assess which of the following prior to dental implant surgery?
{"A": "Alveolar bone height and spacing in edentulous areas", "B": "Presence of carious lesions in adjacent teeth", "C": "Root canal morphology of maxillary molars", "D": "Temporomandibular joint alignment", "E": "Presence of impacted third molars"}
A
Alveolar bone height and spacing in edentulous areas
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
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Which abnormality is indicated by the arrows in this chest radiograph?
{"A": "Pulmonary consolidation", "B": "Pericardial calcification", "C": "Pleural effusion", "D": "Right coronary artery calcification", "E": "Left ventricular hypertrophy"}
B
Pericardial calcification
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
70
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In the provided intra-operative elbow images, which structure is labeled as the pre-contoured olecranon plate?
{"A": "Radial head implant", "B": "Fibrewire cerclage sutures", "C": "Pre-contoured olecranon plate", "D": "Bone graft material", "E": "Posterior interosseous nerve"}
C
Pre-contoured olecranon plate
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
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Which positioning technique is used in the radiograph to optimize visualization of the hip joints?
{"A": "Legs in neutral rotation", "B": "Legs in external rotation", "C": "Supine position with legs extended", "D": "Legs in 20 degrees of internal rotation", "E": "Prone position with knees flexed"}
D
Legs in 20 degrees of internal rotation
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
72
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Which chest x-ray finding is most consistent with rebound thymic hyperplasia (RTH)?
{"A": "Enlarged mediastinal mass present before adrenalectomy", "B": "Persistent mediastinal widening at one-year follow-up", "C": "Resolution of mediastinal mass at six-month follow-up", "D": "Normal mediastinal structures at one-year follow-up", "E": "Enlarged mediastinal mass six months after adrenalectomy"}
E
Enlarged mediastinal mass six months after adrenalectomy
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
73
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Which abnormality is present in this plain lateral neck radiograph?
{"A": "Large air-filled sac arising from posterior pharyngeal wall", "B": "Calcified thyroid nodule", "C": "Cervical spine fracture", "D": "Subglottic tracheal stenosis", "E": "Laryngeal carcinoma"}
A
Large air-filled sac arising from posterior pharyngeal wall
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
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Which structure is stabilized by the surgical implant shown in the postoperative radiograph?
{"A": "Glenohumeral joint", "B": "Acromioclavicular joint", "C": "Sternoclavicular joint", "D": "Scapulothoracic joint", "E": "Costochondral joint"}
B
Acromioclavicular joint
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
75
null
Which abnormality is present on this lung X-ray?
{"A": "Right upper lobe consolidation", "B": "Bilateral pleural effusions", "C": "Left retrocardiac infiltrate", "D": "Right pneumothorax", "E": "Left pulmonary embolism"}
C
Left retrocardiac infiltrate
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
76
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Which radiographic parameter is defined as the angle between the perpendicular to the sacral plate and the line connecting the midpoint of the sacral plate to the centroid of the femoral heads?
{"A": "Anterior vertebral height (AVH)", "B": "Thoracic kyphosis (TK)", "C": "Lumbar lordosis (LL)", "D": "Pelvic incidence (PI)", "E": "Sacral slope (SS)"}
D
Pelvic incidence (PI)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
77
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Which finding is indicated by the arrow in this angiographic image of the popliteal artery?
{"A": "Aneurysmal dilation of the popliteal artery", "B": "Occlusion of the popliteal artery", "C": "Calcification of the popliteal artery wall", "D": "Thrombus within the popliteal artery lumen", "E": "Scimitar sign (long, curved narrowing of the popliteal artery lumen)"}
E
Scimitar sign (long, curved narrowing of the popliteal artery lumen)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
78
null
Which finding is demonstrated in the postoperative X-rays (F–G) of this patient with lumbar spinal tuberculosis?
{"A": "Significant correction of posterior convexity", "B": "Persistent posterior convex deformity", "C": "Loosening of internal fixation", "D": "Incomplete fusion of L2-3 vertebrae", "E": "Recurrent tuberculosis lesions"}
A
Significant correction of posterior convexity
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
79
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the white arrow in the left hip X-ray?
{"A": "Displaced acetabular fracture", "B": "Comminuted femoral neck fracture", "C": "Osteoarthritis of the hip joint", "D": "Avascular necrosis of the femoral head", "E": "Hip joint dislocation"}
B
Comminuted femoral neck fracture
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
80
null
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the initial presentation of this patient?
{"A": "Right upper lobe consolidation on chest radiograph", "B": "Spiculated thick-walled cavitating lesion in the left lower lobe on CT", "C": "Left midzone cavity on chest radiograph", "D": "Diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities on CT", "E": "Right pleural effusion on chest radiograph"}
C
Left midzone cavity on chest radiograph
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
81
null
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the patient's admission chest computed tomography?
{"A": "Right lower lobe nodule-like shadow", "B": "Bilateral lower lobe reticular shadows", "C": "Right lower lobe consolidation", "D": "Subpleural-predominant ground-glass opacities", "E": "Left upper lobe atelectasis"}
D
Subpleural-predominant ground-glass opacities
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
82
null
Which imaging modality best demonstrates the spinal cord contusion in this patient?
{"A": "Computed tomography", "B": "Lateral radiograph", "C": "3D computed tomography", "D": "Plain radiograph", "E": "Magnetic resonance imaging"}
E
Magnetic resonance imaging
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
83
null
Which imaging modality shows the most severe degradation in image quality due to the patient's kyphoscoliosis?
{"A": "Thoracic spine radiograph (b)", "B": "Lateral iDXA (a)", "C": "Lumbar spine radiograph (c)", "D": "All modalities show equal degradation", "E": "No degradation is visible in any modality"}
A
Thoracic spine radiograph (b)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
84
null
What is the measured varus displacement angle in this left shoulder radiograph after angular stable plate osteosynthesis?
{"A": "108°", "B": "27°", "C": "135°", "D": "162°", "E": "180°"}
B
27°
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
85
null
Which finding is most specific for physical abuse in this infant?
{"A": "Isolated clavicle fracture", "B": "Tibial and fibular fractures", "C": "Healing rib fractures of varying ages", "D": "Metacarpal fracture", "E": "Acute skull fracture"}
C
Healing rib fractures of varying ages
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
86
null
Which fixation method for the proximal fracture block is depicted in image A1?
{"A": "Short unicortical screw (6 mm) into the femoral head", "B": "Long bicortical screw (40 mm) into the femoral head", "C": "Short bicortical screw (6 mm) into the femoral head", "D": "Long unicortical screw (40 mm) into the femoral head", "E": "No screw fixation of the proximal fragment"}
D
Long unicortical screw (40 mm) into the femoral head
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
87
null
Which imaging modality is best suited for detecting skeletal metastases in this patient with breast cancer?
{"A": "Breast ultrasound", "B": "Mammography", "C": "CT scan", "D": "Bone scintigraphy", "E": "Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI"}
E
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
88
null
Which imaging plane is represented by image B?
{"A": "Axial", "B": "Coronal", "C": "Sagittal", "D": "Oblique", "E": "Transverse"}
A
Axial
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
89
null
Which type of shoulder prosthesis is most consistent with the radiographic appearance?
{"A": "Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty", "B": "Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty", "C": "Hemiarthroplasty", "D": "Cemented total shoulder arthroplasty", "E": "Unconstrained shoulder prosthesis"}
B
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
90
null
Which surgical procedure is most likely depicted in the post-operative X-ray?
{"A": "Ankle arthroplasty with prosthetic implant", "B": "Metatarsal osteotomy with plate fixation", "C": "Subtalar arthrodesis stabilized with screws", "D": "Calcaneal fracture repair with intramedullary nail", "E": "Tarsometatarsal joint dislocation reduction with K-wire fixation"}
C
Subtalar arthrodesis stabilized with screws
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
91
null
Which abnormality is present in the radiograph of the knee?
{"A": "Dislocation of the femoral component", "B": "Loosening of the tibial tray", "C": "Fracture of the femoral condyle", "D": "Breakage and dislocation of the meniscal bearing", "E": "Osteolysis around the tibial component"}
D
Breakage and dislocation of the meniscal bearing
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
92
null
Which structure is most likely dilated in this imaging study?
{"A": "Left ureter", "B": "Uterus", "C": "Bladder", "D": "Iliac artery", "E": "Right ureter"}
E
Right ureter
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
93
null
In EUS-guided biliary drainage, what is the relationship between the angle of the echoendoscope and needle and guidewire insertion into the hepatic hilum?
{"A": "A narrow angle facilitates insertion into the hepatic hilum", "B": "A wide angle facilitates insertion into the hepatic hilum", "C": "Angle has no impact on guidewire insertion", "D": "A wide angle prevents any guidewire advancement", "E": "A narrow angle causes peripheral insertion"}
A
A narrow angle facilitates insertion into the hepatic hilum
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
94
null
Which tibial plateau has a steeper posterior tibial slope (PTS) in the radiograph?
{"A": "Lateral tibial plateau in image B", "B": "Medial tibial plateau in image A", "C": "Medial tibial plateau in image B", "D": "Lateral tibial plateau in image A", "E": "Both plateaus have equal PTS"}
B
Medial tibial plateau in image A
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
95
null
Which finding is most prominent on this chest radiograph?
{"A": "Solitary large mass in the right lower lobe", "B": "Diffuse interstitial infiltrates throughout both lungs", "C": "Multiple nodules predominantly in the upper lung fields", "D": "Pleural effusion with meniscus sign", "E": "Hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms"}
C
Multiple nodules predominantly in the upper lung fields
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
96
null
Which of the following best describes the fracture pattern shown in the radiographs?
{"A": "Transverse fracture", "B": "Comminuted fracture", "C": "Oblique fracture", "D": "Spiral fracture", "E": "Segmental fracture"}
D
Spiral fracture
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
97
null
Which finding is demonstrated in the transplanted kidney on the PET/CT images?
{"A": "Diffuse homogeneous hypermetabolism in the medullary area", "B": "Focal hypermetabolism in the subcapsular area", "C": "No metabolic activity in the subcapsular area", "D": "Increased metabolic activity in the medial parenchyma", "E": "Diffuse heterogeneous hypermetabolism in the subcapsular area"}
E
Diffuse heterogeneous hypermetabolism in the subcapsular area
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
98
null
In the lateral right knee radiograph, which line is defined as perpendicular to the tibial diaphyseal axis?
{"A": "Line B", "B": "Line A", "C": "Line C", "D": "The line tangent to the medial plateau", "E": "The line passing through the femoral condyles"}
A
Line B
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k
99
null
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Code: https://github.com/UCSC-VLAA/MedVLSynther Project Page: https://ucsc-vlaa.github.io/MedVLSynther/

📊 Datasets

Available Datasets

We release MedSynVQA and the subsets used in our paper. Each set targets medical vision–language QA and supports RLVR/SFT training.

Dataset Generator Verifier Modality Description Download
MedSynVQA GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text Full training set for medical VQA (used for RLVR). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-10K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 10K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 5K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-2K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 2K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-1K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 1K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-qwen-glm Qwen2.5-VL 72B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for generator and verifier choice ablation (GLM→Qwen generator, Qwen→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-internvl-glm InternVL-3.5 38B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for generator choice ablation (InternVL→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-glm-glm GLM-4.5V 108B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for verifier choice ablation (Qwen→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-no-verify GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset for verifier necessity ablation (no verification step). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-PMC-style GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset generated with PMC-VQA–style prompts. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-SFT GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset generated for SFT training. 🤗 HF

Dataset Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load evaluation dataset
eval_dataset = load_dataset("UCSC-VLAA/MedVLThinker-Eval")

# Load training dataset
train_dataset = load_dataset("MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K")
Dataset details and preparation of your own

Data Format

All train datasets follow a unified format:

{
    "images": [PIL.Image],           # List of images                           
    "question": str,                 # Question text
    "options": Dict[str, str],       # Multiple choice options
    "answer_label": str,             # Correct answer label (A, B, C, D, E)
    "answer": str,                   # Full answer text
    "reasoning": str,                # Chain-of-thought reasoning (optional)
    "dataset_name": str,             # Source dataset name
    "dataset_index": int             # Unique sample identifier
}
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Models trained or fine-tuned on MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K