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Which eye demonstrates the shallowest anterior chamber depth?
{"A": "Left eye", "B": "Middle eye", "C": "All eyes have equal anterior chamber depth", "D": "Anterior chamber depth cannot be determined from these images", "E": "Right eye"}
E
Right eye
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
0
null
Which treatment group shows the most advanced epidermal regeneration at 14 days based on histological features?
{"A": "PLDLA-TMC + 50% S.T.R.", "B": "Negative Control", "C": "PLDLA-TMC", "D": "Positive Control", "E": "All groups show similar regeneration"}
A
PLDLA-TMC + 50% S.T.R.
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
1
null
In this anatomical dissection of the right shoulder, which structure is labeled with the asterisk (∗)?
{"A": "Biceps tendon", "B": "Partially resected acromion", "C": "Humeral head", "D": "Subscapularis tendon", "E": "Rotator interval tissue"}
A
Biceps tendon
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
2
null
Which group of mice demonstrated the most severe liver necrosis based on histological examination?
{"A": "Normal group", "B": "ACLF + no-load group", "C": "ACLF group", "D": "ACLF + shPINK1 group", "E": "ACLF + Ad-PINK1 group"}
D
ACLF + shPINK1 group
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
3
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the arrow in the first image?
{"A": "Corneal ulceration", "B": "Bitot's spots with conjunctival keratinization", "C": "Pterygium", "D": "Subconjunctival hemorrhage", "E": "Pinguecula"}
B
Bitot's spots with conjunctival keratinization
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
4
null
Which step of the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure is depicted in image D?
{"A": "Mucosal layer incision to expose submucosa", "B": "Submucosal tunnel formation to the gastroesophageal junction", "C": "Myometrial incision from the mucosal tunnel opening", "D": "Submucosal injection to separate the mucosa", "E": "Closure of the mucosal opening with a hemostatic clip"}
E
Closure of the mucosal opening with a hemostatic clip
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
5
null
Which abnormality is indicated by the yellow arrowheads in this chest computed tomography image?
{"A": "Skin thickening of the right breast", "B": "Pleural effusion", "C": "Lung nodule", "D": "Rib fracture", "E": "Mediastinal lymphadenopathy"}
A
Skin thickening of the right breast
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
6
null
Which finding is most consistent with the postoperative appearance of the right eye 9 months after penetrating keratoplasty?
{"A": "Complete absence of corneal sutures", "B": "Diffuse corneal edema obscuring the iris", "C": "Corneal neovascularization extending into the graft", "D": "Radial sutures traversing the corneal graft", "E": "Irregular corneal contour with central thinning"}
D
Radial sutures traversing the corneal graft
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
7
null
Which fiber type and energy setting would most likely produce the vaporization cavity shown in the image?
{"A": "Conventional fiber at 200 J", "B": "Conventional fiber at 400 J", "C": "Conventional fiber at 600 J", "D": "Modified fiber at 200 J", "E": "Modified fiber at 400 J"}
B
Conventional fiber at 400 J
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
8
null
Which imaging modality is most likely depicted in the provided images?
{"A": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)", "B": "Positron Emission Tomography (PET)", "C": "Computed Tomography (CT)", "D": "Ultrasound", "E": "X-ray"}
C
Computed Tomography (CT)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
9
null
Which image best demonstrates the complete resolution of the paravertebral and intraspinal soft tissue mass after 3 cycles of chemotherapy?
{"A": "Initial CT showing osteolytic fracture with soft tissue mass", "B": "CT after PVP showing decreased soft tissue mass", "C": "CT after 3 chemotherapy cycles showing complete resolution of soft tissue mass", "D": "CT 5 days after PVP showing further decreased soft tissue mass", "E": "CT showing bone cement leakage into the vertebral body"}
C
CT after 3 chemotherapy cycles showing complete resolution of soft tissue mass
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
10
null
Which SS-OCT B-scan image shows the fovea with the lowest vitreomacular interface score?
{"A": "Image A (3 mm above fovea)", "B": "Image D (1.5 mm beneath fovea)", "C": "Image B (1.5 mm above fovea)", "D": "Image C (through fovea)", "E": "Image E (3 mm beneath fovea)"}
B
Image D (1.5 mm beneath fovea)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
11
null
Which image best demonstrates the postoperative resolution of diabetic macular edema (DME) after surgical intervention?
{"A": "Preoperative red-free map with marked DME and CMT of 639 microns", "B": "Post-IVTA color fundus photo with CMT of 557 microns", "C": "OCT image showing complete edema resolution with CMT of 232 microns", "D": "Intraoperative subretinal BSS injection", "E": "OCT image with stable CMT of 235 microns at 10.2 months"}
C
OCT image showing complete edema resolution with CMT of 232 microns
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
12
null
Which segmentation method most closely matches the manual segmentation of epicardial fat in the CT image?
{"A": "LAMT method", "B": "Proposed segmentation approach", "C": "Region growing method", "D": "Snake method", "E": "α-cut of the resulting cluster"}
B
Proposed segmentation approach
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
13
null
Which brain regions show a stronger relationship between dDN connectivity and immediate recall performance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to cognitively normal (CN) individuals?
{"A": "Medial aspects of the superior frontal gyrus", "B": "Cerebellum lobule VIII and Crus II", "C": "Parahippocampus, insula, and temporal pole", "D": "Superior temporal and middle frontal gyrus", "E": "Middle frontal orbital cortex"}
D
Superior temporal and middle frontal gyrus
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
14
null
Which of the following best describes the temporal evolution of the ischemic infarctions shown in the MRI sequences?
{"A": "Left-sided acute infarction and right-sided chronic infarction", "B": "Left-sided chronic infarction and right-sided acute infarction", "C": "Bilateral acute infarctions", "D": "Left-sided subacute infarction and right-sided older infarction", "E": "Bilateral chronic infarctions"}
D
Left-sided subacute infarction and right-sided older infarction
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
15
null
Which group shows the most significant reduction in tumor size over time?
{"A": "CIS-35", "B": "CIS-15", "C": "CIS-21", "D": "VEH-15", "E": "VEH-35"}
A
CIS-35
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
16
null
Which imaging modality is used to confirm the placement of the transarticular facet screws in the postoperative evaluation?
{"A": "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)", "B": "Computed tomography (CT)", "C": "Plain radiography", "D": "Ultrasound", "E": "Fluoroscopy"}
B
Computed tomography (CT)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
17
null
Which of the following best describes the dental alignment in the post-treatment intraoral photographs?
{"A": "Severe crowding with significant overjet", "B": "Class I molar relationship with well-aligned arches", "C": "Open bite with anterior crossbite", "D": "Deep bite with posterior crossbite", "E": "Asymmetrical dental midline with unilateral crossbite"}
B
Class I molar relationship with well-aligned arches
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
18
null
Based on the provided experimental data, which statement best describes the effect of 23C6 antibody treatment on 4T1 breast cancer in mice?
{"A": "23C6 significantly reduces primary tumor growth in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice", "B": "23C6 significantly increases primary tumor growth in immunocompetent mice", "C": "23C6 significantly increases metastatic burden in immunocompromised mice", "D": "23C6 has no effect on either primary tumor growth or metastatic burden in any mouse model", "E": "23C6 significantly reduces metastatic burden in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice"}
E
23C6 significantly reduces metastatic burden in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
19
null
Which treatment combination most effectively inhibits ET-1-induced MC proliferation?
{"A": "ET-1 alone", "B": "BQ123 alone", "C": "si-ARRB1 alone", "D": "ET-1 + BQ123 + BQ788", "E": "BQ123 + BQ788"}
E
BQ123 + BQ788
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
20
null
This image depicts a surgical donor site. Which of the following best describes the material used to fill the defect?
{"A": "Synthetic bone graft substitute", "B": "Allogeneic cartilage plugs", "C": "Autologous chondrocyte implantation", "D": "Autologous bone chips from the recipient site", "E": "No filling material was used"}
D
Autologous bone chips from the recipient site
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
21
null
Which vascular structure is most likely invaded by the pancreatic tumor shown in the CT images?
{"A": "Superior mesenteric artery", "B": "Inferior vena cava", "C": "Portal vein", "D": "Celiac artery", "E": "Renal artery"}
D
Celiac artery
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
22
null
Which of the following best describes the conjunctival lesion shown in the slit-lamp image?
{"A": "A benign pterygium with minimal vascularization", "B": "A fibrovascular papillomatous lesion with feeder vessels and surface keratinization", "C": "A malignant melanoma with diffuse pigmentation", "D": "A chalazion with central necrosis", "E": "A corneal ulcer with surrounding inflammation"}
B
A fibrovascular papillomatous lesion with feeder vessels and surface keratinization
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
23
null
Which endoscopic finding is characterized by a depression of greater than 1 mm?
{"A": "Protrusion", "B": "Unevenness", "C": "Excavation", "D": "Submucosal tumor-like appearance", "E": "Erosion"}
C
Excavation
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
24
null
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the preoperative state of the syrinx in these patients?
{"A": "Complete resolution of the syrinx cavity", "B": "Significant reduction in the size of the syrinx cavity", "C": "Extensive multiseptated holocord syrinx with turbulent flow", "D": "Cervicothoracic syrinx with a thin rim of neural tissue", "E": "Minimal neural tissue overlying the dorsal aspect of the syrinx"}
C
Extensive multiseptated holocord syrinx with turbulent flow
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
25
null
Which finding is most consistent with the imaging features shown?
{"A": "Acute cholecystitis with gallbladder wall thickening", "B": "Small bowel obstruction with dilated loops", "C": "Hepatic steatosis with increased liver echogenicity", "D": "Distal necrotizing pancreatitis with peripancreatic fluid", "E": "Choledocholithiasis with common bile duct dilation"}
D
Distal necrotizing pancreatitis with peripancreatic fluid
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
26
null
Which imaging modality best demonstrates the relationship between the tumor and the blood vessels in this case?
{"A": "CT", "B": "CTA", "C": "VR model", "D": "Intravascular peep from arteries", "E": "Intravascular peep from veins"}
B
CTA
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
27
null
Which step in the superimposition technique involves positioning separated tooth crowns onto complete models for spatial comparison?
{"A": "Step 1: Superimposition of tooth-crown surfaces using best-fit alignment", "B": "Step 2: Separation of individual tooth crowns and determination of FA points", "C": "Step 3: Positioning of separated tooth crowns on complete reference and IO-scanned models", "D": "Step 4: Spatial evaluation of differences between coordinate systems", "E": "Step 5: Calculation of single-tooth crown deviations at FA points"}
C
Step 3: Positioning of separated tooth crowns on complete reference and IO-scanned models
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
28
null
Which brain region was the primary focus of the functional connectivity analysis shown in the figure?
{"A": "Whole-brain gray matter", "B": "Insula", "C": "Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)", "D": "Corpus callosum", "E": "Temporal lobe"}
C
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
29
null
Which treatment group shows the most complete resolution of thrombotic occlusion in the coronary angiography images?
{"A": "t-PA alone", "B": "t-PA plus TUS", "C": "DDS", "D": "All groups show similar resolution", "E": "No group shows resolution"}
C
DDS
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
30
null
Which component of the under-the-table leg-movement apparatus is designed to prevent the user's feet from slipping during use?
{"A": "The pendulum strap", "B": "The fulcrum metal pin", "C": "The adjustable balanced beam", "D": "The dense plastic clip", "E": "The rubber-covered discs"}
E
The rubber-covered discs
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
31
null
Which of the following findings is most prominently visible in the image of the anterior chest wall?
{"A": "Purulent drainage", "B": "Necrotic eschar", "C": "Lymphadenopathy", "D": "Hematoma", "E": "Erythema and swelling"}
E
Erythema and swelling
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
32
null
Which group shows the lowest glucagon positivity in pancreatic α-cells?
{"A": "Control group", "B": "EGCG group", "C": "CDDP + EGCG group", "D": "CDDP + INF group", "E": "CDDP group"}
E
CDDP group
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
33
null
Which treatment condition in DLD-1 colon cancer cells shows the most significant reduction in migration as measured by scratch assay closure over 48 hours?
{"A": "Control cells", "B": "miR-125b mimic-treated cells", "C": "miR-125b inhibitor-treated cells", "D": "All treatments show similar migration", "E": "No significant difference between treatments"}
B
miR-125b mimic-treated cells
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
34
null
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the interface shown in the image?
{"A": "To display static histopathology slides for diagnostic review", "B": "To facilitate real-time ultrasound-guided biopsy procedures", "C": "To provide a browsing interface for navigating through laparoscopic colorectal surgical video frames", "D": "To serve as a platform for editing medical images with annotation tools", "E": "To support 3D reconstruction of anatomical structures from CT scans"}
C
To provide a browsing interface for navigating through laparoscopic colorectal surgical video frames
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
35
null
Which of the following skin findings is most characteristic of typhoid fever?
{"A": "Ecthyma gangrenosum", "B": "Rose spots", "C": "Osler's nodes", "D": "Janeway lesions", "E": "Migratory petechiae"}
B
Rose spots
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
36
null
Which finding is most consistent with the T1-weighted MRI image of the lumbar spine?
{"A": "Normal epidural fat distribution with no dural sac compression", "B": "Spinal cord atrophy without epidural fat accumulation", "C": "Intradural cerebrospinal fluid expansion displacing nerve roots", "D": "Excessive epidural fat causing dural sac compression and reduced cerebrospinal fluid volume", "E": "Epidural hematoma compressing the dural sac"}
D
Excessive epidural fat causing dural sac compression and reduced cerebrospinal fluid volume
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
37
null
Which finding is most consistent with the initial presentation of the patient's right eye?
{"A": "Normal foveal contour on OCT", "B": "Focal outer retinal defect on OCT", "C": "Macular hole closure on OCT", "D": "Cystic change in the foveal center on fundus photography", "E": "Improved visual acuity after surgery"}
B
Focal outer retinal defect on OCT
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
38
null
Which dental restoration type is most prominently used for second primary molars in this patient's treatment?
{"A": "Adhesive filling materials", "B": "Direct composite fillings", "C": "Compomer restorations", "D": "Stainless steel crowns", "E": "Glass ionomer cement"}
D
Stainless steel crowns
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
39
null
Which structure is affected by the hemorrhage shown in this head CT scan?
{"A": "Right frontal lobe", "B": "Right cerebellum", "C": "Left internal capsule", "D": "Left lateral ventricle", "E": "Right basal ganglia"}
C
Left internal capsule
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
40
null
Which vascular abnormality is depicted in this contrast-enhanced sagittal CT image of the liver?
{"A": "Deformed hepatic veins forming an arc-like vessel within the liver parenchyma", "B": "Normal hepatic vein anatomy with standard outflow to the inferior vena cava", "C": "Portal vein thrombosis with collateral vessel formation", "D": "Hepatic artery aneurysm with surrounding inflammation", "E": "Inferior vena cava obstruction with hepatic vein collateralization"}
A
Deformed hepatic veins forming an arc-like vessel within the liver parenchyma
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
41
null
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the segmentation process shown in the image?
{"A": "To enhance the contrast between soft tissues and bone", "B": "To reduce the file size of the DICOM data", "C": "To correct for motion artifacts in the 3D reconstruction", "D": "To standardize the color mapping of the 3D model", "E": "To isolate specific dental structures for detailed analysis"}
E
To isolate specific dental structures for detailed analysis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
42
null
Which movement is being assessed in the patient's hip joints based on the two positions shown?
{"A": "Internal rotation", "B": "External rotation", "C": "Extension", "D": "Flexion", "E": "Abduction"}
D
Flexion
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
43
null
Which procedure is depicted in images (i-k)?
{"A": "Gingival recontouring and crown lengthening", "B": "Extraction of tooth 12", "C": "Fabrication of diagnostic wax-up", "D": "Broadrick's occlusal plane analysis", "E": "Intraoral mock-up with acrylic resin"}
A
Gingival recontouring and crown lengthening
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
44
null
In this arthroscopic image of a shoulder, what does the arrow indicate?
{"A": "The apex of a U-shaped rotator cuff tear", "B": "The footprint of the rotator cuff tendon", "C": "A metallic implant for rotator cuff fixation", "D": "A suture used to approximate the tear edges", "E": "The glenoid rim of the shoulder joint"}
D
A suture used to approximate the tear edges
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
45
null
Which mammographic finding is most consistent with post-radiotherapeutic change in the breast?
{"A": "Diffuse increased density and skin thickening", "B": "Spiculated mass in the upper outer quadrant", "C": "Benign calcifications", "D": "Architectural distortion without associated changes", "E": "Focal area of decreased density"}
A
Diffuse increased density and skin thickening
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
46
null
Which molecular target is associated with the radiotracer accumulation shown in the image?
{"A": "PD-L1", "B": "SSTR", "C": "VCAM-1", "D": "CDK4/6", "E": "CXCR4"}
E
CXCR4
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
47
null
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the initial stage of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in this patient?
{"A": "Osteitis/osteoneogenesis of the right maxillary sinus with lateral nasal wall destruction", "B": "Inflammatory mass in the left pterygopalatine fossa", "C": "Fluid in the mastoid process with skull base inflammation", "D": "Mass in the nasopharynx spreading below the carotid artery", "E": "Resolution of inflammatory tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa"}
A
Osteitis/osteoneogenesis of the right maxillary sinus with lateral nasal wall destruction
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
48
null
Which of the following best describes the procedure depicted in the images?
{"A": "Laparoscopic resection of a gastric tumor", "B": "Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of a gastric lymph node", "C": "Open surgical removal of a pancreatic mass", "D": "Endoscopic mucosal resection of a gastric polyp", "E": "Percutaneous drainage of an abdominal abscess"}
B
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of a gastric lymph node
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
49
null
Which finding is most consistent with the CT scan of the brain showing global cerebral edema?
{"A": "Normal subarachnoid cisterns", "B": "Enlarged ventricular system", "C": "Effacement of subarachnoid cisterns", "D": "Hyperdense cerebral sulci", "E": "Focal intracranial hemorrhage"}
C
Effacement of subarachnoid cisterns
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
50
null
Which of the following best describes the mandibular fracture pattern shown in the 3D CT images?
{"A": "Left subcondylar fracture only", "B": "Right body fracture only", "C": "Left body and right subcondylar fractures", "D": "Left subcondylar and right body fractures", "E": "Bilateral subcondylar fractures"}
D
Left subcondylar and right body fractures
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
51
null
In the provided image, which statement best describes the AI's performance in segmenting the maxillary sinus?
{"A": "The AI accurately segments both clear and hazy maxillary sinuses with identical precision to ground truth.", "B": "The AI consistently oversegments the maxillary sinus, regardless of clarity.", "C": "The AI undersegments the maxillary sinus in all cases, failing to capture the full extent of the structure.", "D": "The AI shows better segmentation accuracy for the clear maxillary sinus compared to the hazy maxillary sinus.", "E": "The AI's segmentation is entirely inaccurate, with no overlap between predicted and ground truth boundaries."}
D
The AI shows better segmentation accuracy for the clear maxillary sinus compared to the hazy maxillary sinus.
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
52
null
Which structure is being used to cover the defect in the sclera in this image?
{"A": "Tenon's membrane flap", "B": "Corneal epithelium", "C": "Conjunctival graft", "D": "Scleral patch", "E": "Amniotic membrane"}
A
Tenon's membrane flap
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
53
null
Which endoscopic tool is most likely used to address the defect shown in the image?
{"A": "Biopsy forceps", "B": "Argon plasma coagulation probe", "C": "Sphincterotome", "D": "Balloon dilator", "E": "Over-the-scope clip"}
E
Over-the-scope clip
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
54
null
Which finding is most consistent with the dental abnormalities observed in the proband?
{"A": "Normal enamel with no discoloration", "B": "Brown discoloration of hypomatured enamel", "C": "Severe caries affecting all teeth", "D": "Complete absence of enamel", "E": "White spot lesions on incisors"}
B
Brown discoloration of hypomatured enamel
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
55
null
Which mammographic pattern is characterized by flame-shaped densities with linear finger-like projections into subareolar fatty tissue?
{"A": "Pseudo-gynecomastia: almost entirely fatty breast", "B": "Nodular gynecomastia: retro-areolar nodular density with indistinct borders", "C": "Diffuse gynecomastia: heterogeneously dense breast with nodular and dendritic components", "D": "Dendritic gynecomastia: flame-shaped densities with linear projections", "E": "Fibrocystic changes: multiple round cystic lesions with smooth margins"}
D
Dendritic gynecomastia: flame-shaped densities with linear projections
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
56
null
The image shows a kidney with white streaks in the cortex and medulla. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?
{"A": "Acute pyelonephritis", "B": "Renal amyloidosis", "C": "Chronic glomerulonephritis", "D": "Nephrocalcinosis", "E": "Acute tubular necrosis"}
D
Nephrocalcinosis
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
57
null
Which genetic modification is associated with the most pronounced inhibition of tumor sprout formation in this mouse model?
{"A": "Wild-type (WT) mice", "B": "tPA−/−/uPA−/− mice", "C": "uPA−/− mice", "D": "tPA−/− mice", "E": "uPAR−/− mice"}
B
tPA−/−/uPA−/− mice
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
58
null
Which finding is most consistent with the histopathologic images of lung tissue from rST6G-treated animals compared to saline controls?
{"A": "Increased inflammatory cell infiltration in alveolar spaces", "B": "Reduced inflammatory cell accumulation in alveolar walls and spaces", "C": "Larger inflammatory cuffs around bronchovascular bundles", "D": "Presence of granulomatous inflammation", "E": "Marked epithelial hyperplasia"}
B
Reduced inflammatory cell accumulation in alveolar walls and spaces
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
59
null
Which physical examination finding is demonstrated in image B?
{"A": "Weakness of ring and little finger", "B": "Positive Froment’s sign", "C": "Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence", "D": "Tinel’s sign around the elbow joint", "E": "Mass excision scar in the medial area of elbow"}
B
Positive Froment’s sign
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
60
null
Which panel in the QTL-Seq analysis shows the strongest statistical signal for the qGL9.1 locus on chromosome 9?
{"A": "Panel A (G-statistic)", "B": "Panel C (Fisher’s exact test)", "C": "Panel B (Euclidean distance)", "D": "All panels show equal signal strength", "E": "No panel shows a significant signal for qGL9.1"}
C
Panel B (Euclidean distance)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
61
null
Which brain region shows the strongest age-associated reduction in functional connectivity with the auditory/temporal network in older mice?
{"A": "Primary visual cortex", "B": "Dorsal striatum", "C": "Hippocampus", "D": "Anterior cingulate cortex", "E": "Primary somatosensory cortex"}
D
Anterior cingulate cortex
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
62
null
Which mass spectrum shows prominent even-m/z molecular signals around 900 Da?
{"A": "Par262_trace-19", "B": "Par264_trace-22", "C": "Par264_trace-20", "D": "Par280_trace-18", "E": "Par282_trace-18"}
C
Par264_trace-20
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
63
null
Which structure is being reconstructed using the flap shown in the image?
{"A": "Left pectoralis major muscle", "B": "Left latissimus dorsi muscle", "C": "Left nipple-areola complex", "D": "Left axillary lymph nodes", "E": "Left breast"}
E
Left breast
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
64
null
Which radiograph demonstrates the most appropriate long-term stability of the shoulder prosthesis?
{"A": "104-month postoperative radiograph showing stable prosthesis position", "B": "Immediate postoperative radiograph showing anchor placement", "C": "3-month postoperative radiograph showing stable prosthesis position", "D": "Radiograph showing anchor migration", "E": "Radiograph showing prosthesis dislocation"}
A
104-month postoperative radiograph showing stable prosthesis position
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
65
null
Which statement best describes the procedural change shown in the images?
{"A": "The mucosal layer was incised to access the submucosa", "B": "The muscularis propria was exposed during the procedure", "C": "The incision was extended without further dissection", "D": "The submucosal fluid was drained to flatten the mucosa", "E": "The submucosal access was widened after trimming"}
E
The submucosal access was widened after trimming
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
66
null
In the image showing the anterior segment of an ex vivo pig eye, which structure is located at the 3 o'clock position on the virtual clock overlay?
{"A": "Iris", "B": "Sclera", "C": "Peripheral cornea", "D": "Limbus", "E": "Anterior chamber"}
D
Limbus
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
67
null
Which clinical finding is most consistent with acute mustard gas ocular injury?
{"A": "Corneal opacification with diffuse conjunctival injection", "B": "Pupillary miosis with ciliary flush", "C": "Subconjunctival hemorrhage with normal corneal clarity", "D": "Iris heterochromia with scleral telangiectasia", "E": "Vitreous hemorrhage with retinal detachment"}
A
Corneal opacification with diffuse conjunctival injection
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
68
null
Which therapeutic modality is being applied to the patient's foot in the image?
{"A": "Cryotherapy alone", "B": "Cryo-ultrasound combination therapy", "C": "Ultrasound therapy alone", "D": "Laser therapy", "E": "Electrical stimulation"}
B
Cryo-ultrasound combination therapy
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
69
null
Which vascular abnormality is demonstrated in the magnetic resonance angiography images?
{"A": "Occlusion of the right internal carotid artery", "B": "Occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery", "C": "Occlusion of the right vertebral artery", "D": "Occlusion of the left internal carotid artery", "E": "Occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery"}
D
Occlusion of the left internal carotid artery
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
70
null
Which finding is most consistent with the periapical radiograph in a patient eight weeks after dental trauma?
{"A": "Normal periodontal ligament space", "B": "Intact lamina dura with no radiographic changes", "C": "Root fracture with displacement", "D": "Internal resorption of the root", "E": "Periapical radiolucency with loss of lamina dura"}
E
Periapical radiolucency with loss of lamina dura
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
71
null
Which surgical technique is being demonstrated in the image?
{"A": "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy", "B": "Open appendectomy", "C": "Hernia repair with direct suture", "D": "Umbrella technique for mesh placement", "E": "Abdominal wall closure with staples"}
D
Umbrella technique for mesh placement
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
72
null
Which group of mice exhibits the most severe intervertebral disc cartilage hyperplasia based on the provided histological and imaging data?
{"A": "Wild-type mice without mc-IL23 injection", "B": "Wild-type mice with mc-IL23 injection", "C": "SOCS3 knockdown mice without mc-IL23 injection", "D": "All groups show similar disc pathology", "E": "SOCS3 knockdown mice with mc-IL23 injection"}
E
SOCS3 knockdown mice with mc-IL23 injection
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
73
null
Based on the provided histological images and experimental data, which mouse strain shows more severe hepatic fibrosis when fed a high-fat diet?
{"A": "C57Bl6/J mice on low-fat diet", "B": "A/J mice on high-fat diet", "C": "C57Bl6/J mice on high-fat diet", "D": "A/J mice on low-fat diet", "E": "Both strains show equal fibrosis on high-fat diet"}
C
C57Bl6/J mice on high-fat diet
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
74
null
Which metal exhibits a higher surface roughness based on the AFM topography images?
{"A": "Ni on PI", "B": "Cu on PI", "C": "Both have similar roughness", "D": "Neither has measurable roughness", "E": "Roughness cannot be determined from the images"}
B
Cu on PI
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
75
null
Which phase of the equine estrous cycle is characterized by maximal myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunoreactivity in endometrial glands, with staining intensity increasing with depth?
{"A": "Estrus", "B": "Anestrus", "C": "Diestrus", "D": "Late diestrus", "E": "Early anestrus"}
A
Estrus
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
76
null
Which treatment group shows the lowest microvessel density in CT26 subcutaneous tumors based on CD31 immunohistochemistry?
{"A": "Saline group", "B": "PDAPEI group", "C": "pDNA group", "D": "PEI group", "E": "Control group"}
B
PDAPEI group
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
77
null
Which ultrasound finding is most consistent with enthesopathy of the patellar tendon?
{"A": "Smooth, uniform tendon with no cortical irregularities", "B": "Hypoechoic fluid collection within the tendon sheath", "C": "Calcified tendon with posterior acoustic shadowing", "D": "Thickened tendon with delamination and bone erosions at the enthesis-bone junction", "E": "Tendon rupture with complete discontinuity of fibers"}
D
Thickened tendon with delamination and bone erosions at the enthesis-bone junction
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
78
null
Which device is being used to administer medication intranasally in the image?
{"A": "Nasal atomization device", "B": "Oral syringe", "C": "Intravenous catheter", "D": "Inhalation mask", "E": "Subcutaneous needle"}
A
Nasal atomization device
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
79
null
Which finding is demonstrated by the star mark in image b?
{"A": "Episcleral vessel congestion", "B": "Scleral nodule", "C": "Mucous coating on ulcer floor", "D": "Keratinization of conjunctival tissue", "E": "Conjunctival ulcer with fluorescein staining"}
E
Conjunctival ulcer with fluorescein staining
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
80
null
Which histopathological feature is most improved in the skin biopsy after treatment?
{"A": "Follicular plugging", "B": "Hyperkeratosis", "C": "Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration", "D": "Epidermal atrophy", "E": "Dermal fibrosis"}
A
Follicular plugging
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
81
null
Which pattern of pseudoexfoliative deposits is characterized by a central ring with anterior curling of the sheet and interspersed radial pigment deposits?
{"A": "Central classical pseudoexfoliation ring with anterior curling and interspersed radial pigments", "B": "Classical peripheral pseudoexfoliative ring", "C": "Radial pigments pattern of deposits", "D": "Coalescence of peripheral radial pigments resembling early classical ring", "E": "Severe trabecular meshwork pigmentation at the angle"}
A
Central classical pseudoexfoliation ring with anterior curling and interspersed radial pigments
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
82
null
Which type of frontal bone fracture is characterized by a vertical trajectory extending into both the frontal sinus and the contralateral orbit?
{"A": "Type 5: Vertical fracture extending into the frontal sinus and contralateral orbit", "B": "Type 1: Isolated frontal sinus fracture without vertical trajectory", "C": "Type 2: Vertical fracture involving the orbit but not the frontal sinus", "D": "Type 3: Vertical fracture involving the frontal sinus but not the orbit", "E": "Type 4: Vertical fracture involving the ipsilateral frontal sinus and orbit"}
A
Type 5: Vertical fracture extending into the frontal sinus and contralateral orbit
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
83
null
Which finding is demonstrated in the OCT image (Image B) of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?
{"A": "Normal stent apposition with no evidence of malapposition", "B": "Significant stent thrombosis with complete vessel occlusion", "C": "Dissection flap extending into the vessel lumen", "D": "Near-occlusion of intertwined small blood vessels around the main lumen", "E": "Severe calcification causing luminal narrowing"}
D
Near-occlusion of intertwined small blood vessels around the main lumen
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
84
null
Which statement best describes the design of the skin excision shown?
{"A": "The excision follows a circular pattern centered on the eyebrow.", "B": "The excision line extends upward at a 30° angle from the lateral end of the eyebrow.", "C": "The greatest width of the excision is at the medial one-third of the eyebrow.", "D": "The excision is widest at the medial angle of the eye.", "E": "The excision line runs parallel to the eyebrow throughout its length."}
B
The excision line extends upward at a 30° angle from the lateral end of the eyebrow.
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
85
null
Which abnormality is present in the chest radiograph?
{"A": "Right middle lung zone pulmonary nodule", "B": "Left upper lobe consolidation", "C": "Right pleural effusion", "D": "Left pneumothorax", "E": "Right hilar lymphadenopathy"}
A
Right middle lung zone pulmonary nodule
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
86
null
Which of the following best describes the fracture pattern shown in the radiographs?
{"A": "Transverse fracture", "B": "Comminuted fracture", "C": "Oblique fracture", "D": "Spiral fracture", "E": "Segmental fracture"}
D
Spiral fracture
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
87
null
Which histologic feature is most characteristic of the tumor shown in the image?
{"A": "Small, round, blue cells with scant cytoplasm", "B": "Spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei", "C": "Giant cells with multiple nuclei", "D": "Polygonal epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm", "E": "Lymphocytes with dark-staining nuclei"}
D
Polygonal epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
88
null
Which vascular structure is most likely affected by the subacute thrombosis shown in this ultrasound image?
{"A": "Common femoral vein", "B": "Popliteal artery", "C": "Gastrocnemius veins", "D": "Anterior tibial artery", "E": "Great saphenous vein"}
C
Gastrocnemius veins
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
89
null
Which structure is highlighted by the arrow in the close-up images (D and E)?
{"A": "Dorsal aorta", "B": "Lateral nerve", "C": "Cardinal vein", "D": "Spinal cord", "E": "Vertebra"}
B
Lateral nerve
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
90
null
The image shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) view of a worn surface with corresponding line spectra. Which element is most prominently detected in the worn region based on the spectral analysis?
{"A": "Carbon (C)", "B": "Nitrogen (N)", "C": "Aluminum (Al)", "D": "Iron (Fe)", "E": "Titanium (Ti)"}
A
Carbon (C)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
91
null
Which chromatogram shows a higher peak for bombesin-OS?
{"A": "Chromatogram (b)", "B": "Neither chromatogram", "C": "Both chromatograms show equal peaks", "D": "The peak is not visible in either chromatogram", "E": "Chromatogram (a)"}
E
Chromatogram (a)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
92
null
Which finding is most consistent with the visual characteristics of the prostatic capsule in the image?
{"A": "Irregular surface with dense scarring", "B": "Nodular surface with ulceration", "C": "Erythematous surface with exudate", "D": "Smooth, scar-free surface", "E": "Atrophic surface with telangiectasia"}
D
Smooth, scar-free surface
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
93
null
In this intraoperative image, which structure is being used to access the common bile duct for stone removal?
{"A": "Ultrathin choledochoscope", "B": "Cystic duct", "C": "Common bile duct", "D": "Gallbladder", "E": "Hepatic duct"}
A
Ultrathin choledochoscope
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
94
null
Which film surface characteristic is most consistent with a microcapsule addition amount of 20%?
{"A": "Smooth surface without cracks or voids", "B": "Flat surface with spherical protrusions", "C": "Rough and uneven surface with microcapsule protrusions", "D": "Smooth surface with uniform microcapsule dispersion", "E": "Surface with minimal microcapsule adhesion"}
C
Rough and uneven surface with microcapsule protrusions
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
95
null
Which coronary artery system is depicted in image (b)?
{"A": "Right coronary artery", "B": "Left anterior descending artery", "C": "Circumflex artery", "D": "Left main coronary artery", "E": "Posterior descending artery"}
A
Right coronary artery
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
96
null
Which imaging modality is most likely used to plan and monitor stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases?
{"A": "Computed tomography (CT)", "B": "Positron emission tomography (PET)", "C": "X-ray fluoroscopy", "D": "Ultrasound", "E": "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)"}
E
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
97
null
Which Brodmann area shows the largest involvement in the common lesion region affecting the left temporal lobe in patients with semantic access difficulties?
{"A": "Anterior transverse temporal (area 41)", "B": "Middle temporal (area 21)", "C": "Posterior transverse temporal (area 22)", "D": "Superior temporal (area 42)", "E": "Retrosubicular (area 48)"}
E
Retrosubicular (area 48)
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
98
null
Which structure is labeled as 'mt' in the ventral view (A) of the holotype of Purlovia maxima?
{"A": "Mandibular facet", "B": "Maxillary tubercles", "C": "Coronoid process", "D": "Palatine sinus", "E": "Postorbital bar"}
B
Maxillary tubercles
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_qwen_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_filtered_13k_subset10k
99
null
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Code: https://github.com/UCSC-VLAA/MedVLSynther Project Page: https://ucsc-vlaa.github.io/MedVLSynther/

📊 Datasets

Available Datasets

We release MedSynVQA and the subsets used in our paper. Each set targets medical vision–language QA and supports RLVR/SFT training.

Dataset Generator Verifier Modality Description Download
MedSynVQA GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text Full training set for medical VQA (used for RLVR). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-10K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 10K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 5K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-2K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 2K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-1K GLM-4.5V 108B Qwen2.5-VL 72B Image–Text 1K-sample training subset for RLVR. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-qwen-glm Qwen2.5-VL 72B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for generator and verifier choice ablation (GLM→Qwen generator, Qwen→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-internvl-glm InternVL-3.5 38B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for generator choice ablation (InternVL→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-glm-glm GLM-4.5V 108B GLM-4.5V 108B Image–Text 5K subset for verifier choice ablation (Qwen→GLM verifier). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-no-verify GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset for verifier necessity ablation (no verification step). 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-PMC-style GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset generated with PMC-VQA–style prompts. 🤗 HF
MedSynVQA-5K-SFT GLM-4.5V 108B N/A Image–Text 5K subset generated for SFT training. 🤗 HF

Dataset Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load evaluation dataset
eval_dataset = load_dataset("UCSC-VLAA/MedVLThinker-Eval")

# Load training dataset
train_dataset = load_dataset("MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K")
Dataset details and preparation of your own

Data Format

All train datasets follow a unified format:

{
    "images": [PIL.Image],           # List of images                           
    "question": str,                 # Question text
    "options": Dict[str, str],       # Multiple choice options
    "answer_label": str,             # Correct answer label (A, B, C, D, E)
    "answer": str,                   # Full answer text
    "reasoning": str,                # Chain-of-thought reasoning (optional)
    "dataset_name": str,             # Source dataset name
    "dataset_index": int             # Unique sample identifier
}
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Models trained or fine-tuned on MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-10K