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99,700
|
4894898_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
Jakob Annasohn (* 22. Oktober 1901 in Romanshorn; † 10. März 1983 in Bern, heimatberechtigt in Uttwil) war ein Schweizer Generalstabschef.
Leben
Nach Abschluss der Matura im Jahr 1920 studierte Annasohn zwei Semester lang in Genf an der Faculté des lettres und später in Zürich während vier Semestern die Geschichte der Schweiz, sowie nebenbei Literatur, Psychologie und Recht.
In der Schweizer Armee wurde Annasohn 1929 Instruktionsoffizier und 1940 Kommandant eines Füsilierbataillons. Vier Jahre später, 1944, war er Stabschef der 7. Division und 1945 Regimentskommandant. In den Jahren 1945 bis 1949 stand er der Operationssektion der Generalstabsabteilung vor und wurde 1950 zum Oberstdivisionär ernannt. Danach war er als Unterstabschef Front und als Kommandant der Generalstabskurse tätig, bis er 1952 Kommandant der 7. Division wurde. Im Jahre 1958 wurde er dann zum Generalstabschef befördert und war damit Oberstkorpskommandant.
Während seiner Zeit als Chefbeamter der Generalstabsabteilung war Annasohn bemüht, ein einheitliches Konzept zur Landesverteidigung zu erstellen. Nach seiner Wahl zum Generalstabschef schuf er eine Verteidigungspolitik, die auf Angriff eingestellt war. Diese Politik wollte er mit der Beschaffung von Atomwaffen vorantreiben. Aus finanziellen Gründen und aufgrund starken politischen Widerstands musste er sein Vorhaben jedoch zurückstecken. 1961 erreichte er mit der Truppenordnung einen Kompromiss und schuf damit eine Armee, welche eine Verteidigung zur Verfügung stellte, die auch für Gegenanschläge voll einsatzbereit war. Die unter seiner Verantwortung als Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe für militärische Flugzeugbeschaffung entstandene Mirage-Affäre war ausschlaggebend für seinen Rücktritt, den er 1964 einreichte.
Nach seiner Zeit als Generalstabschef war Annasohn von 1965 bis 1966 als Beauftragter des Bundesrats für besondere Studien tätig. Die Grundlage zum Bundesgesetz über die Leitungsorganisation und den Rat für Gesamtverteidigung war sein Bericht Wirksame Unterstützung des Bundesrates in der Leitung der totalen Landesverteidigung, welchen er im Dezember 1966 publizierte.
Annasohn galt als überzeugende Führungspersönlichkeit, die mitreissen konnte und präzis arbeitete.
Literatur
Weblinks
Generalstabschef (Schweiz)
Korpskommandant (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1901
Gestorben 1983
Mann.
| 0.373769
| -0.336629
| 1,387
| 5,463
| 222
| 222
|
People Profiles
| false
|
99,701
|
153356_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
望夫石（）位於香港新界沙田區的紅梅谷對上的一個小山崗，海拔約250多公尺，是獅子山系的一座小山。望夫石是沙田區著名的地標。2007年的「珍惜岩石自然美──香港最美岩石選舉」活動，望夫石榮膺首位。
注： 本文介紹的是香港的望夫石，在中國大陸，例如廣東省清遠市，安徽省蚌埠市涂山等等，也有望夫石，而且都是當地的著名旅遊景點.
山峰上的石岩
獅子山郊野公園的地質主要由塌積岩（Colluvium）及火成岩組成，望夫山是稱為突岩（Tor）的花崗岩風化岩體，而望夫石原為一塊巨石，其節理因受風化崩解而形成直立的石柱或石塊。
山峰上的这块大石约有15米高，似人的身軀，此大石上有兩塊石，一大一細並排而立，造形狀似婦人背著孩子，「母親」的頸部和「孩子」是源於岩石的水平節理，而身體部份則為垂直節理而形成，母子迄立在山峰上，遠望山下沙田區城門河、沙田新市鎮一帶。望夫石微曲身子，動也不動，形態流露著盼望。望夫石是這個地區的觀光熱點，也是香港民眾郊遊遠足的常到地方。
民間傳說
望夫石位於沙田紅梅谷，外形恍似婦人背著孩子，矗立在山崗已經有過百年之久。嶇石形態流露著盼望，加上流傳民間的夫妻別離悲慘故事，遂成為了熱門的旅遊勝地，也是公眾晨運的好地方，不少人皆認為攀登望夫山，細聽望夫謠，是何等的淒美動人。
相傳一個貧窮的農村家庭，妻子產下女嬰後，不幸因病逝世，留下女嬰，幸得鄰舍一婦人亦產下了麟兒，可憐該父女的遭遇，願意為女嬰哺乳。轉眼數年過去，兩孩已經6、7歲，青梅竹馬相處融洽。不久女童的父親積勞成疾去世，孤女亦成為童養媳，長大結婚與夫育有一對兒子，一家樂也融融。可惜好景不常，某年天旱，稻穀失收，丈夫為求生計，被迫捨下妻兒與同鄉出洋謀生，誰知一去不返，音訊全無。妻兒生活淒苦，但是仍然期望有朝一日能夠一家團圓，因此婦人每天手抱幼子背著長子，攀登山崗遙望遠海，冀盼夫君歸來，日日如是，風雨不改。母親悲哀地說，丈夫何時會回來。有一天，三母子如常登山守望時，突然遇上狂風大雨，雷電交加，三母子突然在天崩地裂中消失於世上，但是他們站立的位置郤出現了一塊巨石，形態極似失蹤了的三母子。有傳說是其深情感動蒼天，故此將他們化成石頭永守山崗，而這個哀怨動人傳說亦漸漸廣泛地流傳開去。
參考資料
外部連結
漁護署：獅子山郊野公園
望夫石的位置地圖
沙田區
香港山峰
香港岩石.
| 0.444849
| -0.436238
| 1,198
| 4,700
| 192
| 192
|
Music Industry & Profiles
| false
|
99,702
|
6226072_1
|
courtlistener
|
Public Domain
|
Motion denied. So long as appellant’s waiver of hearing and consent to commitment stand, there is no issue to be tried by a jury. Appellant, if so advised, may move to vacate such waiver and consent, upon proper grounds, if there be any.
| 0.318694
| -0.908973
| 170
| 724
| 36
| 36
|
Court Cases
| false
|
99,703
|
5452277_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
La route départementale 985, ou RD 985, est une des routes départementales de France correspondant à :
l'ancienne RN 185 dans les Hauts-de-Seine
l'ancienne RN 385 dans la Marne et les Ardennes
l'ancienne RN 485 dans la Nièvre et en Saône-et-Loire, partie de la Route Buissonnière
l'ancienne RN 585 dans la Lozère
l'ancienne RN 685 dans le Puy-de-Dôme
Voir aussi
Réseau routier départemental français
Réseaux routiers des départements : Ardennes, Hauts-de-Seine, Lozère, Marne, Nièvre, Puy-de-Dôme, Saône-et-Loire.
985.
| 0.452963
| -0.618422
| 814
| 3,164
| 240
| 240
|
royalty biographies
| false
|
99,704
|
1326151_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
Eranina argentina adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Eranina, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Referensi
TITAN: Cerambycidae database. Tavakilian G., 25 Mei 2009.
Eranina.
| 0.478605
| -0.288898
| 1,455
| 5,854
| 145
| 145
|
Animal Genera
| false
|
99,705
|
github_open_source_100_2_8231
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:typed_data';
import 'dart:ui';
import 'package:flame/extensions.dart';
import 'package:flame/flame.dart';
import 'package:flame_tiled/flame_tiled.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart' show CachingAssetBundle;
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
import 'package:tiled/tiled.dart';
void main() {
test('correct loads the file', () async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: ['map-level1.png'],
mapPath: 'test/assets/map.tmx',
);
final tiled = await TiledComponent.load('x', Vector2.all(16));
expect(tiled.tileMap.renderableLayers.length == 1, true);
});
test('correctly loads external tileset', () async {
final tsxProvider = await FlameTsxProvider.parse('external_tileset_1.tsx');
expect(tsxProvider.getCachedSource() != null, true);
expect(
tsxProvider
.getCachedSource()!
.getSingleChild('tileset')
.getString('name') ==
'level1',
true,
);
expect(
tsxProvider.filename == 'external_tileset_1.tsx',
true,
);
});
group('Layered tiles render correctly with layered sprite batch', () {
late Uint8List canvasPixelData;
late RenderableTiledMap overlapMap;
setUp(() async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: [
'green_sprite.png',
'red_sprite.png',
],
mapPath: 'test/assets/2_tiles-green_on_red.tmx',
);
overlapMap = await RenderableTiledMap.fromFile(
'2_tiles-green_on_red.tmx',
Vector2.all(16),
);
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
overlapMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(32, 16);
final bytes = await image.toByteData();
canvasPixelData = bytes!.buffer.asUint8List();
});
test(
'Correctly loads batches list',
() => expect(overlapMap.renderableLayers.length == 2, true),
);
test(
'Canvas pixel dimensions match',
() => expect(
canvasPixelData.length == 16 * 32 * 4,
true,
),
);
test('Base test - right tile pixel is red', () {
expect(
canvasPixelData[16 * 4] == 255 &&
canvasPixelData[(16 * 4) + 1] == 0 &&
canvasPixelData[(16 * 4) + 2] == 0 &&
canvasPixelData[(16 * 4) + 3] == 255,
true,
);
final rightTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 16 * 4; i < 16 * 32 * 4; i += 32 * 4) {
rightTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelData.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
var allRed = true;
for (var i = 0; i < rightTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allRed &= rightTilePixels[i] == 255 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 1] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allRed, true);
});
test('Left tile pixel is green', () {
expect(
canvasPixelData[15 * 4] == 0 &&
canvasPixelData[(15 * 4) + 1] == 255 &&
canvasPixelData[(15 * 4) + 2] == 0 &&
canvasPixelData[(15 * 4) + 3] == 255,
true,
);
final leftTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 0; i < 15 * 32 * 4; i += 32 * 4) {
leftTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelData.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
var allGreen = true;
for (var i = 0; i < leftTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allGreen &= leftTilePixels[i] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 1] == 255 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allGreen, true);
});
});
group('Flipped and rotated tiles render correctly with sprite batch:', () {
late Uint8List canvasPixelData, canvasPixelDataAtlas;
late RenderableTiledMap overlapMap;
setUp(() async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: [
'4_color_sprite.png',
],
mapPath: 'test/assets/8_tiles-flips.tmx',
);
overlapMap = await RenderableTiledMap.fromFile(
'8_tiles-flips.tmx',
Vector2.all(16),
);
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
overlapMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(64, 48);
final bytes = await image.toByteData();
canvasPixelData = bytes!.buffer.asUint8List();
await Flame.images.ready();
final canvasRecorderAtlas = PictureRecorder();
final canvasAtlas = Canvas(canvasRecorderAtlas);
overlapMap.render(canvasAtlas);
final pictureAtlas = canvasRecorderAtlas.endRecording();
final imageAtlas = await pictureAtlas.toImageSafe(64, 48);
final bytesAtlas = await imageAtlas.toByteData();
canvasPixelDataAtlas = bytesAtlas!.buffer.asUint8List();
});
test('[useAtlas = true] Green tile pixels are in correct spots', () {
final leftTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 65 * 8 * 4; i < ((64 * 23) + (8 * 3)) * 4; i += 64 * 4) {
leftTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelDataAtlas.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
var allGreen = true;
for (var i = 0; i < leftTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allGreen &= leftTilePixels[i] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 1] == 255 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allGreen, true);
final rightTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 69 * 8 * 4; i < ((64 * 23) + (8 * 7)) * 4; i += 64 * 4) {
rightTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelDataAtlas.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
for (var i = 0; i < rightTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allGreen &= rightTilePixels[i] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 1] == 255 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allGreen, true);
});
test('[useAtlas = false] Green tile pixels are in correct spots', () {
final leftTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 65 * 8 * 4; i < ((64 * 23) + (8 * 3)) * 4; i += 64 * 4) {
leftTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelData.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
var allGreen = true;
for (var i = 0; i < leftTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allGreen &= leftTilePixels[i] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 1] == 255 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
leftTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allGreen, true);
final rightTilePixels = <int>[];
for (var i = 69 * 8 * 4; i < ((64 * 23) + (8 * 7)) * 4; i += 64 * 4) {
rightTilePixels.addAll(canvasPixelData.getRange(i, i + (16 * 4)));
}
for (var i = 0; i < rightTilePixels.length; i += 4) {
allGreen &= rightTilePixels[i] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 1] == 255 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 2] == 0 &&
rightTilePixels[i + 3] == 255;
}
expect(allGreen, true);
});
});
group('Test getLayer:', () {
late RenderableTiledMap _renderableTiledMap;
setUp(() async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: ['map-level1.png'],
mapPath: 'test/assets/layers_test.tmx',
);
_renderableTiledMap =
await RenderableTiledMap.fromFile('layers_test.tmx', Vector2.all(32));
});
test('Get Tile Layer', () {
expect(
_renderableTiledMap.getLayer<TileLayer>('MyTileLayer'),
isNotNull,
);
});
test('Get Object Layer', () {
expect(
_renderableTiledMap.getLayer<ObjectGroup>('MyObjectLayer'),
isNotNull,
);
});
test('Get Image Layer', () {
expect(
_renderableTiledMap.getLayer<ImageLayer>('MyImageLayer'),
isNotNull,
);
});
test('Get Group Layer', () {
expect(
_renderableTiledMap.getLayer<Group>('MyGroupLayer'),
isNotNull,
);
});
test('Get no layer', () {
expect(
_renderableTiledMap.getLayer<TileLayer>('Nonexistent layer'),
isNull,
);
});
});
group('isometric', () {
late Uint8List pngData;
late TiledComponent component;
setUp(() async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: [
'isometric_spritesheet.png',
],
mapPath: 'test/assets/test_isometric.tmx',
);
component = await TiledComponent.load(
'test_isometric.tmx',
Vector2(256 / 4, 128 / 4),
);
});
test('component size', () {
expect(component.tileMap.destTileSize, Vector2(64, 32));
expect(component.size, Vector2(64 * 5, 32 * 5));
});
test('renders', () async {
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
component.tileMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
// Map size is now 320 wide, but it has 1 extra tile of height becusae
// its actually double-height tiles.
final image =
await picture.toImageSafe(256 * 5 ~/ 4, (128 * 5 + 128) ~/ 4);
pngData = (await image.toByteData(format: ImageByteFormat.png))!
.buffer
.asUint8List();
expect(pngData, matchesGoldenFile('goldens/isometric.png'));
});
});
group('hexagonal', () {
late Uint8List pngData;
late TiledComponent component;
Future<TiledComponent> setupMap(
String tmxFile,
String imageFile,
Vector2 destTileSize,
) async {
Flame.bundle = TestAssetBundle(
imageNames: [
imageFile,
],
mapPath: 'test/assets/$tmxFile',
);
return component = await TiledComponent.load(
tmxFile,
destTileSize,
);
}
test('flat + even staggerd', () async {
await setupMap(
'flat_hex_even.tmx',
'Tileset_Hexagonal_FlatTop_60x39_60x60.png',
Vector2(60, 39),
);
expect(component.size, Vector2(240, 214.5));
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
component.tileMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(240, 215);
pngData = (await image.toByteData(format: ImageByteFormat.png))!
.buffer
.asUint8List();
expect(pngData, matchesGoldenFile('goldens/flat_hex_even.png'));
});
test('flat + odd staggerd', () async {
await setupMap(
'flat_hex_odd.tmx',
'Tileset_Hexagonal_FlatTop_60x39_60x60.png',
Vector2(60, 39),
);
expect(component.size, Vector2(240, 214.5));
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
component.tileMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(240, 215);
pngData = (await image.toByteData(format: ImageByteFormat.png))!
.buffer
.asUint8List();
expect(pngData, matchesGoldenFile('goldens/flat_hex_odd.png'));
});
test('pointy + even staggerd', () async {
await setupMap(
'pointy_hex_even.tmx',
'Tileset_Hexagonal_PointyTop_60x52_60x80.png',
Vector2(60, 52),
);
expect(component.size, Vector2(330, 208));
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
component.tileMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(330, 208);
pngData = (await image.toByteData(format: ImageByteFormat.png))!
.buffer
.asUint8List();
expect(pngData, matchesGoldenFile('goldens/pointy_hex_even.png'));
});
test('pointy + odd staggerd', () async {
await setupMap(
'pointy_hex_odd.tmx',
'Tileset_Hexagonal_PointyTop_60x52_60x80.png',
Vector2(60, 52),
);
expect(component.size, Vector2(330, 208));
final canvasRecorder = PictureRecorder();
final canvas = Canvas(canvasRecorder);
component.tileMap.render(canvas);
final picture = canvasRecorder.endRecording();
final image = await picture.toImageSafe(330, 208);
pngData = (await image.toByteData(format: ImageByteFormat.png))!
.buffer
.asUint8List();
expect(pngData, matchesGoldenFile('goldens/pointy_hex_odd.png'));
});
});
}
class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
TestAssetBundle({
required this.imageNames,
required this.mapPath,
});
final List<String> imageNames;
final String mapPath;
@override
Future<ByteData> load(String key) async {
final split = key.split('/');
final imgName = split.isNotEmpty ? split.last : key;
var toLoadName = key.split('/').last;
if (!imageNames.contains(imgName) && imageNames.isNotEmpty) {
toLoadName = imageNames.first;
}
return File('test/assets/$toLoadName')
.readAsBytes()
.then((bytes) => ByteData.view(Uint8List.fromList(bytes).buffer));
}
@override
Future<String> loadString(String key, {bool cache = true}) {
return File(mapPath).readAsString();
}
}
| 0.347405
| 0.473242
| 3,051
| 12,118
| 205
| 205
|
Game Development
| false
|
99,706
|
6964713_1
|
courtlistener
|
Public Domain
|
. PREGERSON, Circuit Judge:
The plaintiffs appeal from the district court’s dismissal of Hernandez v. City of El Monte (“Hernandez ”) for judge-shopping and lack of prosecution. The plaintiffs appeal from the district court’s dismissal of Garza v. City of El Monte (“Garza ”) for judge-shopping and failure to timely file within the statute of limitations. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We reverse the dismissal of Hernandez. We affirm the dismissal of Garza, without prejudice.
FACTS AND PRIOR PROCEEDINGS
The Hernandez and Garza actions involve the same events and the same parties. The plaintiffs in each case are Spanish-speaking individuals who attended a party at a private residence in El Monte, California, on the evening of June 11, 1994. Shortly before midnight, El Monte police officers arrived at the scene in response to a complaint about a loud party at the same location. The plaintiffs allege that the police officers addressed them in English, a language that the plaintiffs do not understand, and became irritated when the plaintiffs failed to respond to the officers’ commands. According to the plaintiffs, the police officers then attacked them with their fists, batons, flashlights, and chemical sprays. The melee that ensued ended sometime after midnight, on the morning of June 12, with the arrests of plaintiffs Garza, Avila, and Palma.
On June 12, 1995, exactly one year after the incident, the plaintiffs filed the Hernandez action in federal district court. The Hernandez complaint alleges causes of action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985 against the City of El Monte, the El Monte Chief of Police, and several police officers (collectively, the “defendants”). Specifically, the Hernandez complaint alleges that the defendants deprived the plaintiffs of their constitutional rights- through the use of excessive force, false arrest, conspiracy, malicious prosecution, obstruction of justice, cruel and unusual punishment, and unlawful search and seizure. On June 23, the plaintiffs received a notice that Hernandez had been assigned to Judge Manuel L. Real. The plaintiffs did not serve the Hernandez complaint upon the defendants.
On July 11, the plaintiffs filed the Garza action against the same defendants in California Superior Court. The Garza complaint is virtually identical to the Hernandez complaint, naming the same parties and the same causes of action. The only difference between the two complaints is that the names of individual parties have been shuffled so that the captions read differently. The Garza complaint was served upon all defendants on August 1.
On August 29, the defendants removed Garza to federal court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1446 and 1447. Garza was initially assigned to Judge John G. Davies. On September 17, the defendants filed a notice of related cases under C.D. Cal. R. 4.3.1, stating that Garza and Hernandez arose from the same events and raised the same questions of law and fact. The defendants requested that Garza be transferred to Judge Real to avoid a substantial duplication of labor.1
Also on September 17, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss Garza pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). The defendants asserted that the Garza complaint was not timely filed *397within the one-year statute of limitations for actions under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985. The defendants further asserted that the Garza complaint failed to state a cause of action against all defendants under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(2) and (3).
On September 22, Judge Real issued to the plaintiffs an order to show cause (“OSC”) why the Hernandez action should not be dismissed for lack of prosecution pursuant to C.D. Cal. R. 12, which provides for dismissal of civil actions that are “pending for an unreasonable period of time.”2 At the OSC hearing on October 2, Judge Real warned the plaintiffs that in “filing the Federal suit you’re running close to your 120 days so I’ll put this over to October 30th, 1995, at 11:00 a.m. and see what’s happened.” Judge Real apparently was referring to the 120-day-rule of Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m), which requires a plaintiff to serve the summons and complaint upon the defendant within 120 days after the time of filing.3 On the same day of this initial OSC hearing, Garza was transferred from Judge Davies to Judge Real (hereinafter referred to as “the district court”). On October 3-the day after the OSC hearing-the plaintiffs served the defendants with the summons and complaint in the Hernandez action.
Another hearing on the OSC in Hernandez and the motion to dismiss Garza was held on October 30. At this hearing, the district court asked the plaintiffs’ attorney why he had filed the Garza complaint in state court after having filed the identical Hernandez complaint in federal district court.
COURT:Mr. Beck, why did you file a claim in State Court when you already had a claim pending here?
BECK:It was my intent to let this case go.
COURT: Why?
BECK: Because I wanted to try the case in Pomona.
COURT: No. Why, Mr. Beck? That is judge shopping. That’s judge shopping, and it’s very, very transparent____
BECK: ... I get to pick my juries out there. There, are certain advantages in filing —
COURT: Well, why did you file here in the first place then —
BECK: Because —
COURT: if you wanted to be in Pomona?
BECK: Because there are discovery advantages in being in Federal Court.
COURT: Where did you want to' be, Mr. Beck, in Pomona or here? You filed the ■ case here, I take it, because you wanted to be here. Now you tell me you filed in Pomona because you wanted to be in Pomona. Now, which is it?
BECK: It’s both.
COURT: Okay. I’m dismissing both cases because I think it’s blatant judge shopping. Both eases are dismissed with prejudice.
BECK: Very well.
COURT: And don’t ever do that again or you’re going to the Disciplinary Committee, Mr. Beck.
The district court’s order dismissing Hernandez with prejudice states that the matter is dismissed “for want of prosecution and plaintiffs’ misconduct in blatant judge shopping.” The order dismissing Garza with prejudice states that the matter is dismissed “for failure to file and serve within the stat*398ute of limitations and plaintiffs’ misconduct in blatant judge shopping.” The plaintiffs appeal each of these orders.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
This court has not previously stated the standard of review for a dismissal on grounds of judge-shopping. We have held generally that we review for abuse of discretion a district court’s imposition of sanctions pursuant to its inherent powers. See Mark Indus., Ltd. v. Sea Captain’s Choice, Inc., 50 F.3d 730, 732 (9th Cir.1995). Accordingly, we will review for abuse of discretion the district court’s dismissal of Hernandez and Garza for judge-shopping.
We also review for abuse of discretion the district court’s dismissal of Hernandez for lack of prosecution. See Oliva v. Sullivan, 958 F.2d 272, 274 (9th Cir.1992) (reviewing for abuse of discretion a district court’s sua sponte dismissal of case for lack of prosecution).
In contrast, we review de novo the district court’s dismissal of Garza for failure to timely file within the statute of limitations. See Torres v. City of Santa Ana, 108 F.3d 224, 226 (9th Cir.1997) (reviewing de novo a dismissal for failure to timely file within statute of limitations).
ANALYSIS
A. Judge-Shopping
The plaintiffs filed Garza in state court one month after filing Hernandez in federal court and eighteen days after receiving notice that Hernandez had been assigned to Judge Real. When the district court asked the plaintiffs why they had filed two identical actions, the plaintiffs explained that they had initially filed Hernandez in federal court because of discovery advantages, but then decided to dismiss that action and file Garza in state court to gain advantages in jury selection. The plaintiffs did not explain why they decided to change forums only after Hernandez had been assigned to a particular judge; or why they filed two identical actions under different names. The district court determined that their stated reason for filing the Garza action lacked credibility.
The record is not conclusive. We give special deference, however, to a district court’s credibility determinations. See Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Natural Beverage Distribs., 69 F.3d 337, 348 (9th Cir.1995); see also Primus Automotive Financial Servs., Inc. v. Balarse, 115 F.3d 644, 649 (9th Cir. 1997) (noting that “[t]he district court has ‘broad fact-finding powers’ with respect to sanctions, and its findings warrant ‘great deference’ ”) (quoting Townsend v. Holman Consulting Corp., 929 F.2d 1358, 1366 (9th Cir.1990) (en banc)). Viewed as a whole, the circumstances presented could fairly support a determination that the plaintiffs were trying impermissibly to judge-shop in violation of C.D. Cal. R. 4.2.1, which states: “It is not permissible to dismiss and thereafter refile an action for the purpose of obtaining a different judge.” Therefore, the district court’s factual determination that the plaintiffs engaged in impermissible judge-shopping is not clearly erroneous.
The district court did not identify the authority pursuant to which it dismissed the actions for judge-shopping. The plaintiffs contend that the district court acted ultra vires. The defendants, on the other hand, argue that the district court may dismiss a case for judge-shopping pursuant to the inherent powers of the court and Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b) (providing for involuntary dismissal “[f]or failure of the plaintiff to prosecute or to comply with these rules or any order of court”).
Our case law supports the proposition that a district court has the inherent power sua sponte to dismiss an action for judge-shopping. In Oliva v. Sullivan, 958 F.2d 272 (9th Cir.1992), for example, we held that “[djistriet courts have inherent power to control their dockets and may impose sanctions, including dismissal, in the exercise of that discretion.” Id. at 273 (reviewing the district court’s sua sponte dismissal for lack of prosecution) (emphasis added). The Supreme Court has also stated that a “primary aspect” of every federal court’s inherent power is “the ability to fashion an appropriate sane*399tion for conduct which abuses the judicial process.” Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 44-45, 111 S.Ct. 2123, 2133, 115 L.Ed.2d 27 (1991). Judge-shopping clearly constitutes “conduct which.abuses the judicial process.” The district court’s inherent power to impose dismissal or other appropriate sanctions therefore must include the authority to dismiss a case for judge-shopping.4
But even if the district court has the inherent power to dismiss a case for judge-shopping, we have made clear that “dismissal is a harsh penalty and, therefore, it should only be imposed in extreme circumstances.” Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir.1992) (emphasis added). In Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421 (9th Cir.1986), we set forth five factors for a district court to consider before resorting to the penalty of dismissal: “(1) the public's interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions.” Id. at 1423. Cases involving sua sponte dismissal merit special focus on considerations relating to the fifth Henderson factor. See Oliva, 958 F.2d at 274.
Where, as here, the district court does not explicitly consider . the five Henderson factors, we review the record independently to determine whether the district court abused its discretion. See Henderson, 779 F.2d at 1424. We may affirm a dismissal where at least four factors support dismissal, see Malone v. United States Postal Serv., 833 F.2d 128, 133. & n. 2 (9th Cir.1987), or where at least three factors “strongly” support dismissal, Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1263. In the present case, only the first two Henderson factors may be said to support-dismissal.'
First, assuming that the plaintiffs were judge-shopping when they re-filed Hernandez in state court as Garza, we must conclude that the subsequent delays for re-filing and then removal to federal court run counter to the public’s interest in expeditious litigation. Thus, the first factor favors dismissal.
Second, the court’s ability to manage its docket was undoubtedly somewhat impaired by the plaintiffs’ filing of two identical complaints under different names: On the other hand, the plaintiffs’ judge-shopping did not consume “large amounts of the court’s valuable time,” Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1261, or cause any “serious disruptions” of the district court’s schedule, United States for Use and Benefit of Wiltec Guam, Inc. v. Kahaluu Const. Co., Inc., 857 F.2d 600, 603 (9th Cir. 1988). Accordingly, we conclude that the second factor “weights] in favor of the sanction, but not heavily.” Wiltec Guam, 857 F.2d at 603.
Third, while the defendants in the present case complain that they have been prejudiced by having to incur the costs of moving to dismissGarza and litigating this appeal, they have not shown, how the plaintiffs’-judge-shopping might- “impair the [defendants’] ability to go to trial or threaten to interfere with the rightful decision of the case,” Malone, 833 F.2d at 131. Therefore, they have not shown the type of prejudice that we consider under the third factor. See id.
Fourth, the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits counsels strongly against dismissal. This policy favoring resolution on the merits “is particularly important in civil rights cases.” Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir.1987) (reversing for abuse of discretion a Rule 41(b) dismissal of pro se' litigant’s § 1983 action for failure to comply with court order):
■ Fifth, the availability of less drastic alternatives also counsels strongly against dismissal of both actions. Other cases involving judge-shopping suggest alternative sanctions such as dismissal of the second action only, see Telesco v. Telesco Fuel & Masons’ Materials, Inc., 765 F.2d 356, 360 (2d Cir.1985), or a stay of the second action pending resolution of the first action, see Semmes Motors, Inc. *400v. Ford Motor Co., 429 F.2d 1197, 1204 (2d Cir.1970).
In the present case, the district court did not discuss or try any alternative sanctions for judge-shopping. Nor did the court warn the plaintiffs that their judge-shopping might result in dismissal of both actions. Accordingly, the district court failed to consider less drastic alternatives so as to satisfy the fifth Henderson factor. See Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1262 (applying fifth factor by inquiring' whether district court discussed or tried alternatives, or warned the party of the chance of dismissal).
The balance of only two factors in favor of dismissal and three factors against it indicates that the district court abused its discretion in dismissing Hernandez and Garza for judge-shopping. In particular, the district court abused its discretion by failing to consider less drastic sanctions for judge-shopping than dismissal of both actions. See Eldridge, 832 F.2d at 1137 (“[BJefore dismissing an action, a court should always be certain that other less drastic alternatives are not available.”). Accordingly, we reverse the district court’s orders dismissing each action for judge-shopping.
B. Lack of Prosecution
The plaintiffs filed Hernandez in federal court on June 12, 1995. On October 2, 1995, the district court warned the plaintiffs that they would need to serve their complaint promptly in order to effect service within 120 days of filing. The plaintiffs served the complaint upon the defendants on October 3,1995-113 days after filing and one day after the district court’s warning.
“The district court has the inherent power sua sponte to dismiss a case for lack of prosecution.” Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1423 (9th Cir.1986). Because “[d]ismissal is a harsh penalty,” however, it is appropriate “only in extreme circumstances” of “unreasonable delay.” Id.; see also C.D. Cal. R. 12.1 (providing for dismissal, after notice, of civil actions “which have been pending for an unreasonable period of time without any action having been taken therein”). Considering the Henderson factors discussed in the previous section, we conclude that this case does not present “exceptional circumstances” of “unreasonable delay” so as to justify dismissal.
First, the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation does not favor dismissal where the action was in fact prosecuted within the guidelines suggested by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 4(m) provides for dismissal without prejudice where the complaint is not served upon the defendant within 120 days of filing. Fed. R.Civ.P. 4(m). The 120-day guideline suggests that service within 120 days is prima facie evidence of diligent prosecution. Moreover, our past decisions would support a finding that there is no unreasonable delay where the plaintiffs’ case is only 113 days old and service is effected just one day after the court’s warning. See, e.g., Raiford v. Pounds, 640 F.2d 944, 945 (9th Cir.1981) (reversing dismissal for lack of prosecution where case less than one year old and plaintiff filed pretrial order 22 days after order was due).
Second, with respect to the district court’s need to manage its docket, we have previously stated that we must defer to the district court’s determination of unreasonable delay “because it is in the best position to determine what period of delay can be endured before its docket becomes unmanageable.” Henderson, 779 F.2d at 1423. In this case, the district court indicated at the OSC hearing on October 2, 1995, that the plaintiffs should serve the defendants promptly, and stated that the court would “put this over to October 30th, 1995, at 11:00 ,a.m. and see what’s happened.” The district court’s comments indicate that the court itself perceived no unmanageable interference with its docket due to lack of prosecution as of October 2, 1995. Accordingly, we may infer that the additional one day of delay before the plaintiffs’ service of Hernandez on October 3, 1995, did not unduly interfere with the court’s docket.
Third, the defendants suggest that because a presumption of prejudice arises from the plaintiffs’ failure to prosecute, this factor should weigh in favor of dismissal. We agree. In Anderson v. Air West, Inc., *401542 F.2d 522, 524 (9th Cir.1976), we held that “[t]he law presumes injury from unreasonable delay.” While this presumption of prejudice is rebuttable, see id., the plaintiffs have yet to present “an excuse for [their] delay that is anything but frivolous,” Nealey v. Transportación Maritima Mexicana, S.A., 662 F.2d 1275, 1281 (9th Cir.1980). Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor of dismissal regardless of whether the defendants have shown any actual prejudice. See id. (holding that “the burden of production shifts to the defendant to show at least some actual prejudice” only after the plaintiff has given a non-frivolous excuse for delay).
Fourth, the public policy favoring resolu-' tion on the merits clearly counsels against dismissal, especially because Hernandez is a § 1983 civil rights action. See Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir.1987) (noting that the public policy favoring resolution on the merits “is particularly important in civil rights cases”).
Fifth, the availability of less drastic sanctions also clearly counsels against dismissal. We apply this fifth factor by looking to whether the district court discussed or tried alternatives, or warned the plaintiffs of-the chance of dismissal.- See Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir.1992). In this ease, it does not appear that the district court discussed or tried any less drastic alternatives. The question, then, is whether the district court properly warned the plaintiffs of the chance of dismissal.
The district court properly warned the plaintiffs that they would need to show cause at an OSC hearing on October 2, 1995, why Hernandez should not be dismissed for lack of prosecution. At that OSC hearing, the district court also properly warned the plaintiffs that they were nearing the 120-day mark for service. But the district court’s statement that it would wait until October 30, 1995, to “see what’s happened” most likely led the plaintiffs to believe that Hernandez was in no danger of imminent dismissal. Moreover, the plaintiffs promptly heeded the district court’s 120-day warning by serving the complaint on October 3, 1995-113 days after filing and one day after the OSC hearing on Oetobér 2. Therefore, “[n]othing in the record demonstrates that counsel was on notice that the- case would be dismissed” on October 30, Oliva v. Sullivan, 958 F.2d 272, 274 (9th Cir.1992).
All but the third Henderson factor weigh against dismissal of Hernandez for lack of prosecution. Given this balance of factors, and particularly the fact that the complaint was served within 120 days after filing and just one day after the district court’s warning, we conclude that the district court abused its discretion in dismissing Hernandez for lack of prosecution. See Raiford, 640 F.2d at 945 (“Especially when a case is still young, a district court must consider ... less drastic alternative sanctions before dismissing.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
C. Failure to Timely File Within the Statute of Limitations
The events underlying the Hernandez and Garza actions occurred on June 11-12, 1994. Hernandez was filed in federal district court on June 12, 1995-exactly one year after the cause of action accrued. Garza was filed in California state court one month later, on July 11,1995.
Claims brought, in California under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985 are governed by California’s one-year statute of limitations for personal injury actions. See Taylor v. Regents of Univ. of California, 993 F.2d 710, 711 (9th Cir.1993). The parties do not dispute that Hernandez was timely filed. We must conclude that Garza was untimely filed, however, unless the doctrine of equitable tolling applies. We apply California law in deciding whether equitable tolling applies to Garza. See Trimble v. City of Santa Rosa, 49 F.3d 583, 585 (9th Cir.1995).
The plaintiffs must satisfy three prerequisites to show eligibility for equitable tolling in California. See Fobbs v. Holy Cross Health System Corp., 29 F.3d 1439, 1445 (9th Cir.1994). The three prerequisites are: (1) showing that1 tolling would not be inconsistent with the federal policy underlying the causes of action under consideration; (2) showing that the first claim filed alleges all the wrongs alleged in the second claim; and (3) showing that the plaintiffs gave time*402ly notice to the defendants in filing the first claim, that the defendants are not prejudiced in gathering evidence to defend against the second claim, and that the plaintiffs acted in good faith and with reasonable conduct in filing the second claim. See id.
“Because the applicability of the equitable tolling doctrine often depends on matters outside the pleadings, it ‘is not generally amenable to resolution on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion.’” Supermail Cargo, Inc. v. United States, 68 F.3d 1204, 1206 (9th Cir.1995) (quoting Cervantes v. City of San Diego, 5 F.3d 1273, 1276 (9th Cir.1993)). ' Therefore, “a complaint cannot be dismissed unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that would establish the timeliness of the claim.” Id. at 1207 (citing Jablon v. Dean Witter & Co., 614 F.2d 677, 682 (9th Cir.1980)).
In the present case, it appears that the plaintiffs can satisfy the first two prerequisites of California’s equitable tolling doctrine. First, given the importance of construing civil rights complaints liberally, see Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir.1987), the plaintiffs could prove that tolling would not be inconsistent with the federal policy underlying their causes of action. Second, given the identical pleadings in Hernandez and Garza, the plaintiffs can show that the first complaint alleges all the wrongs alleged in the second complaint.
The problem lies with the third prerequisite. As discussed above, Hernandez was timely filed and arguably timely served so as to put the defendants on notice. There is no suggestion that the late filing of Garza caused any prejudice to the defendants in gathering evidence. Nevertheless, the district court’s factual finding of judge-shopping-a finding that is not clearly erroneous-precludes a showing that the plaintiffs acted in good faith and with reasonable conduct. See Mitchell v. Frank R. Howard Memorial Hosp., 6 Cal.App.4th 1396, 8 Cal.Rptr.2d 521, 529 (1992) (holding that “equitable tolling ... is certainly not available to a plaintiff who engages in the procedural tactic of moving the case from one forum to another in the hopes of obtaining more favorable rulings”).
Because the - district court’s finding of judge-shopping prevents the plaintiffs from showing that they acted in good faith and with reasonable conduct, thé plaintiffs cannot show that California’s doctrine of equitable tolling should apply to Garza. Without equitable tolling, we must affirm the district court’s dismissal of Garza for failure to timely file within the statute of limitations. The district court’s dismissal of Garza with prejudice, however, could pose unwarranted danger to the rights of the plaintiffs. See Ash v. Cvetkov, 739 F.2d 493, 496-97 (9th Cir.1984) (noting that dismissal with prejudice denies the plaintiff “an opportunity to return and prosecute his claims another day,” so is more difficult to justify than dismissal without prejudice). In particular, the dismissal of Garza with prejudice might have a res judi-cata effect precluding further litigation on the merits of Hernandez. Therefore, we affirm Garza’s dismissal, but without prejudice.
D. Reassignment
Because we reverse the dismissal of Hernandez and remand Hernandez for further proceedings, we must address the plaintiffs’ argument that the action should be assigned to a different judge on remand.
We have the inherent authority to direct that a case on remand be assigned to a different district court judge. See United States v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 785 F.2d 777, 779 (9th Cir.1986). In determining whether reassignment is appropriate, we consider three factors:
(1) whether the original judge would reasonably be expected upon remand to have substantial difficulty in putting out of his or her mind previously-expressed views or findings determined to be erroneous or based on evidence that must be rejected, (2) whether reassignment is advisable to preserve the appearance of justice, and (3) whether reassignment would entail waste and duplication out of proportion to any gain in preserving the appearance of fairness..
Id. at 780 (quoting United States v. Arnett, 628 F.2d 1162, 1165 (9th Cir.1979)).
*403In the present case, the plaintiffs have not shown a need for reassignment, as defined under the first two factors, that would justify the inconvenience of reassignment, as required under the third factor.
First, the plaintiffs argue that the district court on remand may have “substantial difficulty in putting out of his or her mind” the erroneous finding of judge-shopping and the erroneous view that plaintiffs’ counsel could be disciplined if he attempted further judge-shopping in the future. We have already determined that the district court’s finding of judge-shopping is not clearly erroneous. Moreover, the district court was correct in asserting that judge-shopping may be grounds for attorney discipline. See Standing Committee on Discipline v. Yagman, 55 F.3d 1430, 1443 (9th Cir.1995) (“Judge-shopping doubtless disrupts the proper functioning of the judicial system and may be disciplined.”). Accordingly, the first factor does not support reassignment.
Second, the plaintiffs argue that the manner in which the district court dismissed the plaintiffs’ actions necessitates reassignment “to preserve the appearance of justice.” According to the plaintiffs, the brevity of the October 30 hearing shows that the dismissals were effected with undue haste. But the length of the hearing is not dispositive. Despite the swiftness of the ruling itself, nothing in the record suggests that the district court failed to review carefully the record of both actions prior to the hearing. Thus, the second factor does not support reassignment.
Third, because the Hernandez action was dismissed at an early stage in the proceedings, reassignment to a different judge on remand is unlikely to entail a major waste of judicial resources or duplication of efforts. Nevertheless, the fact that the plaintiffs have not shown any need for reassignment under the first two factors means that even the minor degree of waste and duplication caused by reassignment would be “out of proportion to any gain in preserving the appearance of fairness.” As a result, nothing in the record demonstrates that this case is one of those “rare occasions [on which], both for the judge’s sake and the appearance of justice, an assignment to a different judge is desirable,” Sears, 785 F.2d at 780.
CONCLUSION
■ By failing to consider less drastic alternatives, the district court abused its discretion in dismissing Hernandez for judge-shopping and lack of prosecution. Accordingly, we REVERSE the district court’s dismissal of Hernandez; and REMAND Hernandez for further proceedings before the district court. We decline to reassign Hernandez to a different judge on remand.
By failing to consider less drastic alternatives, the district court abused its discretion in dismissing Garza for judge-shopping. However, the district court properly dismissed Garza for failure to timely file within the statute of limitations. This dismissal should be without prejudice. Accordingly, we AFFIRM and REMAND for dismissal of Garza without prejudice.5
. C.D. Cal. R. 4.3.1 reads:
Notice. At the time a civil action is filed, or as soon as known thereafter, the attorney shall file and serve on all parties who have appeared a Notice of Related Case(s), stating whether any action pending in the Central District and the action being filed appear:
(a) To arise from the same or substantially identical transactions, happenings or events; or
(b) To involve the same patent, trademark or copyright ...; or
(c) To call for determination of the same or substantially identical questions of law and fact; or
(d) Likely for other reasons to entail substantial duplication of labor if heard by different judges.
. C.D. Cal. R. 12.1 reads:
Dismissal; unreasonable delay. Civil actions which have been pending for an unreasonable period of time without any action having been taken therein may, after notice, be dismissed for want of prosecution.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m) reads:
Time limit for Service. If service of the summons and complaint is not made upon a defendant, within 120 days after the filing,of the complaint, the court, upon motion or on its own initiative after notice to the plaintiff, shall dismiss the action without prejudice as to that defendant or direct that service be effected within a specified time; provided that if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court shall extend the time for service for an appropriate period.
. Because we conclude that, a district court has the inherent power sua sponte to dismiss a case for judge-shopping, we need not resolve the question whether dismissal for judge-shopping is also authorized under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b).
. We do not intend our decision with respect to Garza in any way to preclude further litigation on the merits of Hernandez.
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99,707
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github_open_source_100_2_8232
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
|
package lb.census.record.scheduler;
import lb.census.config.CensusConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class AutoRetrieval {
@Autowired
private AccessLogRetriever accessLogRetriever;
@Autowired
private CensusConfig config;
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 3 * * ?")
public void retrieve() {
if (config.isAutoRetrieve()) {
accessLogRetriever.scheduleRetrievalForYesterday();
}
}
}
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Service Implementation Examples
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99,708
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github_open_source_100_2_8233
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
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0.3914 -0.2879 vn -0.8931 0.3445 -0.2892 vn -0.9144 0.2833 -0.2891 vn 0.7591 -0.5868 -0.2818 vn 0.6888 0.6713 -0.2737 vn 0.3675 0.9072 -0.2048 vn -0.6802 0.6221 -0.3876 vn 0.2356 0.9508 -0.2013 vn -0.9324 0.2177 -0.2887 vn -0.9444 0.1588 -0.2879 vn -0.8198 0.4959 -0.2864 vn -0.8514 0.4398 -0.2859 vn -0.9520 0.1035 -0.2881 vn -0.7347 0.6126 -0.2915 vn -0.7826 0.5515 -0.2889 vn -0.0512 -0.0056 -0.9987 vn -0.0117 0.0002 -0.9999 vn 0.1150 0.0488 -0.9922 vn 0.5957 0.2522 -0.7626 vn 0.5993 0.2537 -0.7593 vn 0.6013 0.2544 -0.7574 vn 0.0369 0.0388 -0.9986 vn -0.0130 0.2201 -0.9754 vn -0.0016 0.0205 -0.9998 vn 0.0071 0.0107 -0.9999 vn 0.0498 -0.0670 -0.9965 vn 0.0890 -0.4604 -0.8832 vn -0.0585 0.0576 -0.9966 vn -0.3868 0.3810 -0.8398 vn -0.3629 0.4048 -0.8393 vn -0.0550 0.0612 -0.9966 vn -0.0335 0.0764 -0.9965 vn -0.0387 0.0736 -0.9965 vn -0.2205 0.4987 -0.8382 vn -0.2543 0.4835 -0.8376 vn -0.1939 0.5112 -0.8373 vn -0.0295 0.0783 -0.9965 vn 0.0495 -0.5354 -0.8432 vn -0.0250 0.0809 -0.9964 vn -0.1655 0.5266 -0.8338 vn -0.1304 0.5376 -0.8330 vn -0.0196 0.0827 -0.9964 vn 0.0899 0.0530 -0.9945 vn 0.5291 0.3161 -0.7874 vn -0.0443 0.0711 -0.9965 vn -0.0489 0.0684 -0.9965 vn -0.3181 0.4462 -0.8365 vn -0.2888 0.4641 -0.8374 vn -0.0878 -0.0344 -0.9955 vn -0.5464 -0.2106 -0.8106 vn 0.3294 -0.3415 -0.8803 vn -0.0524 0.0650 -0.9965 vn -0.3429 0.4265 -0.8370 vn 0.0279 -0.0843 -0.9960 vn -0.0929 0.5425 -0.8349 vn -0.0138 0.0829 -0.9965 vn -0.0487 0.5453 -0.8368 vn -0.0072 0.0828 -0.9965 vn -0.9108 -0.3425 -0.2303 vn -0.6387 0.7121 -0.2915 vn -0.6815 0.6705 -0.2931 vn -0.3413 0.8944 -0.2890 vn -0.3879 0.8747 -0.2907 vn -0.4456 0.8466 -0.2910 vn 0.1699 -0.9482 -0.2683 vn 0.9013 0.3814 -0.2057 vn 0.9019 0.3816 -0.2022 vn -0.0402 0.9197 -0.3906 vn 0.8382 0.5060 -0.2033 vn -0.5051 0.8128 -0.2901 vn -0.5555 0.7799 -0.2885 vn -0.2289 0.9311 -0.2838 vn -0.2905 0.9134 -0.2853 vn -0.5997 0.7464 -0.2887 vn -0.0863 0.9531 -0.2900 vn -0.1638 0.9440 -0.2863 vn -0.0402 0.0323 -0.9987 vn -0.0081 0.0084 -0.9999 vn 0.1174 -0.0476 -0.9919 vn 0.6048 -0.2451 -0.7577 vn 0.0537 0.0013 -0.9986 vn 0.1484 0.1647 -0.9751 vn 0.0133 0.0155 -0.9998 vn 0.0126 0.0025 -0.9999 vn -0.0006 0.0821 -0.9966 vn -0.0040 0.5429 -0.8398 vn 0.0295 0.5422 -0.8398 vn 0.0044 0.0823 -0.9966 vn 0.0300 0.0772 -0.9966 vn 0.0247 0.0794 -0.9965 vn 0.1976 0.5103 -0.8370 vn 0.1623 0.5231 -0.8367 vn 0.2248 0.4995 -0.8367 vn 0.0345 0.0761 -0.9965 vn -0.3360 -0.4383 -0.8337 vn 0.0397 0.0752 -0.9964 vn 0.2550 0.4886 -0.8344 vn 0.2871 0.4709 -0.8342 vn 0.0448 0.0726 -0.9964 vn 0.1014 -0.0262 -0.9945 vn 0.5979 -0.1508 -0.7873 vn -0.5920 0.1751 -0.7867 vn 0.0189 0.0815 -0.9965 vn 0.0138 0.0828 -0.9965 vn 0.0902 0.5395 -0.8371 vn 0.1241 0.5329 -0.8370 vn -0.0860 0.0376 -0.9956 vn -0.5365 0.2372 -0.8099 vn 0.3592 -0.3559 -0.8627 vn 0.0043 -0.0776 -0.9970 vn 0.0588 0.5428 -0.8378 vn 0.0091 0.0836 -0.9965 vn -0.2682 -0.4954 -0.8262 vn 0.3169 0.4481 -0.8359 vn 0.0490 0.0686 -0.9964 vn 0.3508 0.4194 -0.8373 vn 0.0536 0.0638 -0.9965 vn -0.0036 -0.9565 -0.2917 vn -0.4894 -0.8164 -0.3066 vn -0.8861 0.4023 -0.2302 vn 0.0518 0.9549 -0.2924 vn -0.0077 0.9561 -0.2930 vn 0.3913 0.8742 -0.2877 vn 0.3444 0.8934 -0.2884 vn 0.2834 0.9144 -0.2890 vn -0.5714 -0.8207 -0.0000 vn -0.0722 -0.9515 -0.2991 vn -0.0655 -0.9979 -0.0000 vn 0.6187 0.6816 -0.3907 vn 0.9502 -0.2358 -0.2038 vn 0.2178 0.9321 -0.2894 vn 0.1587 0.9439 -0.2896 vn 0.4960 0.8199 -0.2860 vn 0.4405 0.8509 -0.2863 vn 0.1035 0.9514 -0.2902 vn 0.6131 0.7345 -0.2909 vn 0.5511 0.7831 -0.2883 vn -0.0056 0.0511 -0.9987 vn 0.0002 0.0117 -0.9999 vn 0.2530 -0.5972 -0.7611 vn 0.0389 -0.0369 -0.9986 vn 0.2212 0.0129 -0.9752 vn 0.0204 0.0015 -0.9998 vn 0.0106 -0.0071 -0.9999 vn -0.0666 -0.0494 -0.9966 vn 0.0578 0.0586 -0.9966 vn 0.3814 0.3872 -0.8394 vn 0.4036 0.3622 -0.8402 vn 0.0613 0.0550 -0.9966 vn 0.0762 0.0335 -0.9965 vn 0.0737 0.0387 -0.9965 vn 0.4981 0.2199 -0.8388 vn 0.4828 0.2540 -0.8381 vn 0.5102 0.1935 -0.8380 vn 0.0784 0.0295 -0.9965 vn -0.5583 -0.1030 -0.8232 vn 0.0812 0.0251 -0.9964 vn 0.5240 0.1648 -0.8356 vn 0.5348 0.1297 -0.8350 vn 0.0827 0.0196 -0.9964 vn 0.0530 -0.0897 -0.9946 vn 0.3165 -0.5276 -0.7883 vn -0.0520 0.0959 -0.9940 vn -0.2933 0.5394 -0.7893 vn -0.3819 0.2817 -0.8802 vn 0.0709 0.0441 -0.9965 vn 0.0681 0.0487 -0.9965 vn 0.4461 0.3181 -0.8365 vn 0.4651 0.2893 -0.8366 vn -0.0344 0.0880 -0.9955 vn -0.2106 0.5476 -0.8098 vn -0.3423 -0.3295 -0.8799 vn 0.4247 0.3416 -0.8384 vn 0.0649 0.0523 -0.9965 vn -0.5429 -0.1613 -0.8241 vn 0.5408 0.0927 -0.8360 vn 0.0831 0.0139 -0.9964 vn 0.5436 0.0486 -0.8379 vn 0.0831 0.0072 -0.9965 vn -0.9241 -0.2312 -0.3043 vn -0.3431 0.9109 -0.2292 vn 0.6707 0.6815 -0.2926 vn 0.7114 0.6388 -0.2930 vn 0.8941 0.3411 -0.2904 vn 0.8745 0.3875 -0.2919 vn 0.8463 0.4459 -0.2914 vn -0.9488 -0.1696 -0.2663 vn -0.9844 -0.1757 0.0000 vn -0.0121 -0.9618 -0.2736 vn -0.7240 -0.6225 -0.2973 vn -0.7510 -0.6602 0.0000 vn 0.9188 0.0482 -0.3918 vn 0.5063 -0.8378 -0.2043 vn 0.8131 0.5052 -0.2892 vn 0.7801 0.5553 -0.2884 vn 0.9301 0.2288 -0.2873 vn 0.9124 0.2905 -0.2884 vn 0.7458 0.5992 -0.2911 vn -0.9297 -0.2602 -0.2605 vn 0.9525
| 0.468256
| 0.424544
| 2,926
| 11,741
| 180
| 180
|
Data Analysis/Measurements
| false
|
99,709
|
github_open_source_100_2_8234
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
// https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock/
/**
* @param {number[]} prices
* @return {number}
*/
var maxProfit = function (prices) {
let max = 0;
let minPrice = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
for (let i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
if (minPrice > prices[i]) {
minPrice = prices[i];
} else if (prices[i] - minPrice > max) {
max = prices[i] - minPrice;
}
}
return max;
};
console.log(maxProfit([7, 1, 5, 3, 6, 4]));
console.log(maxProfit([7, 6, 4, 3, 1]));
| 0.549251
| 0.523491
| 3,121
| 12,515
| 251
| 251
|
Programming Examples
| false
|
99,710
|
00225223-2024_1
|
TEDEUTenders
|
Various open data
|
DCE 2023-05
Location de services d'accès à Internet à différents débits et de services d'interconnexion de sites utilisant la technologie IP (IP VPN) au profit des forces armées dans la zone sud de l'océan Indien (FAZSOI) et des régiments de service militaire adapté (RSMA) situés à la Réunion et à Mayotte.
Location de services d'accès à Internet à différents débits et de services d'interconnexion de sites utilisant la technologie IP (IP VPN) au profit des forces armées dans la zone sud de l'océan Indien (FAZSOI) et des régiments de service militaire adapté (RSMA) situés à la Réunion et à Mayotte.
services
2300000
72400000
FRY50
FRA
FRY40
FRA
LOT-0001
no-eu-funds
Voir DCE
price
Voir DCE
quality
Voir DCE
ORG-0001
ORG-0001
ORG-0003
ORG-0002
ORG-0004
true
false
buyer-categories
none
fa-wo-rc
LOT 1 IPVPN
Location de services d'interconnexion de sites utilisant la technologie IP (IP VPN) au profit des sites du ministère des armées et du ministère de l'intérieur et des outremer situés à La Réunion et à Mayotte
Location de services d'interconnexion de sites utilisant la technologie IP (IP VPN) au profit des sites du ministère des armées et du ministère de l'intérieur et des outremer situés à La Réunion et à Mayotte
services
1600000
1600000
72400000
FRY50
FRA
FRY40
FRA
LOT-0002
no-eu-funds
Voir DCE
quality
Voir DCE
price
Voir DCE
ORG-0001
ORG-0001
ORG-0003
ORG-0002
ORG-0004
true
false
buyer-categories
none
fa-wo-rc
LOT 2 INTERNET
Location de services d'accès à Internet au profit des sites du ministère des armées et du ministère de l'intérieur et des outremer situés à La Réunion et à Mayotte.
Location de services d'accès à Internet au profit des sites du ministère des armées et du ministère de l'intérieur et des outremer situés à La Réunion et à Mayotte.
services
700000
700000
72400000
FRY50
FRA
FRY40
FRA.
| 0.116403
| -0.573468
| 867
| 3,527
| 41
| 41
|
Public Works Contracts
| false
|
99,711
|
github_open_source_100_2_8235
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import 'package:build_config/build_config.dart';
import 'package:moor_generator/src/analyzer/options.dart';
Future<MoorOptions> fromRootDir(String path) async {
final options = await BuildConfig.fromPackageDir(path);
return readOptionsFromConfig(options);
}
MoorOptions readOptionsFromConfig(BuildConfig config) {
final options = config.buildTargets.values
.map((t) => t.builders['moor_generator:moor_generator']?.options)
.where((t) => t != null)
.map((json) => MoorOptions.fromJson(json));
final iterator = options.iterator;
return iterator.moveNext() ? iterator.current : const MoorOptions();
}
| 0.395198
| 0.678483
| 3,436
| 13,785
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,712
|
github_open_source_100_2_8236
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package com.vm.shadowsocks.tunnel;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public abstract class Config {
public InetSocketAddress ServerAddress;
}
| 0.426882
| 0.695639
| 3,501
| 13,915
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,713
|
sn83045604_1892-07-25_1_3_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Public Domain
|
DAISIES WIN AGAIN. Pitcher Cross' Curves Puzzle the Seattle Players. PARROTT'S BRILLIANT PLAYS. Image's Fhenomenal Stop—Portland Defeat Spokane In a Poor Game— A Kick at Umpire Knight. TACOMA, July 21— [Special.]—Seattle lost today's game, making three straight to Tacoma. During the series Seattle has been weakened by changing positions and hard luck. On the other hand Tacoma has stood in with the fates, and besides has put up magnificent ball. For instance, in today's game Tacoma batted Camp hard and fielded without an error. Cross was at his best. His first base on balls was given after twenty-six men had been put out. Indeed, a shutout for Seattle was warded off, in all probability, by Tom parrott's home run in the seventh with two men out. Parrott and Irwin, who had just pounded out a two bagger, were the only men on Seattle's side who reached third, and they were the only ones that scored, Parrott made the hit of the day with his home run and his three clever assists in as many double plays, some of the visitors' errors were costly, which, coupled with Cross' nine strike outs and only one base on balls, together with heavy batting and sharp fielding, tells the story. Cody's throws and all around good play deserves credit, too. Lange's popularity jumped away above par on his star catch of a liner from Lauer's bat. Work had just hit a two-bagger to the left fence, and Patton had his base on balls. Lauer's liner came next, and it shot over Hattield's head like a wild ball. Lange came up on a run, but could not get under it, although his long right arm, stretched at full length, stopped it, and while it bounded up Lange hooked it. The crowd appreciated the great catch, which, besides retiring the batter, also shut out Work, who had run off second, confident it was a safe hit. He could not get back. That was in the second, the same inning in which Barle got hit in the left ear by a pitched ball. It was painful, but did not disable him. A run came for Tacoma in the third. Good sprinting by Cross and a little squirt of luck did it. Cross led off with a single, and with two men out started to steal second. Earle threw wild, the ball rolling toward right center. When Lange finally came up and got hands on the ball everybody thought his fine throwing record would result in the runner being thrown out at the plate. Lange did not throw as swift as usual, though. It was simply the edge of a board that gave Tacoma two runs in the fourth. Patton had just forced work at second, when Lauer banged the ball one against the left fence, about twenty feet from the foul line. Instead of glancing off the boards in the usual way, this particular ball hit the edge of a board and bounded back toward third. Nobody could handle it until Hatfield came up, and then Patton was on third and Lauer on second. That was a starter, followed by Routcliffe's grounder to short. Hatfield let it slip, Patton and Lauer scoring, and on the subsequent play Routcliffe taking second. Tacoma kept right on scoring in the fifth. With one out, Sippi placed the ball against the right center fence, but on Lange's quick throw, took only one base, good enough selected a three-bagger, landing the ball against the left fence near the foul line. Sippi scored, of course, and Goodenough earned his run by coming right home on Cartwright's grounder to Hatfield. Hatfield handled the ball to first after dropping, but Minnehan also dropped it. Even if he had held it Goodenough would have scored. Nothing came of Danny's error, however, Cartwright going out trying for second. Lauer, in the fifth, put a single to center. Routcliffe came next with the luckiest bunt on record. He probably intended it for a sacrifice, but it curved over toward third and deceived Charley Irwin, who thought he could reach out and take it. Instead, he slipped on his side, while the bunted ball went over beyond third and across the foul line and counted for two bases. Luckily, nothing came of it, as one man was out. and although Cody got his base on balls, thus loading the sacks. Cross' grounder being handled by Hatfield to Parrott to Minnehan for a double. Tacoina furnished all the fun, or the bulk of it. With one man out in the sixth, Cartwright got his base on balls. Work made his third two-bag strike, sending Cartwright to third, but himself taking only one and one-half bags, which is accounted for by Gilliland, after stopping the hot grounder, letting it get away on the rebound. Work started for second, but changed his mind when nearly half way down the line and came back. Cartwright got off third, and on Karle's wild throw to the left fence to catch him, scored. Work stole second and coming on to third, Patton flew to Parrott and on Fon's superb throw to the plate, Work went out. When Parrott came in from the field after his creditable hitting he was cheered uproariously. He tipped his cap and a few minutes later increased the plaudits with a home run, the best of the series. Two were already out, with Irwin on second, a virtue of his second two-bagger. Gilliland struck out. By a base on balls followed by a fielding error, Camp got Cody and scored on bases in the eighth inning. Nothing came of it, and in Seattle's half-game struck out, Hatfield fouled to Colby, and Carr, who was hit. Kren in the ninth inning, Tacoma would not let up scoring for runs. Go. Hough - r.itch hit back of Camp counted much has a drive to the fence. Cartwright struck out, but Work got his fourth hit for a many times at bat. On this, the ball, in concert with Work's second-base steal. Pratt lost, both of the bases, and the right field was taken out to Cody, but Polhemus hit the first base on balls off Cross of the Rune. He stole second. Irsvin struck out. The score: T A COM.4. A H. R. B.H S H t.K. r.X A. JL. ... & t 1 0 • 1 t • Hough. e. f.. 1200 2 0 0 lb 1 1 0 0 0,s 0 0 0 r - <..4 0 4 0 1 200 f"s*i ** 3 1 0 0 4 i 0 r* Uer - 'b 5 J 2 0 0 0 1 0 r* Uer - 'b 5 J 2 0 0 0 1 0 vro# *« p 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 Total 5, rt u 0 2 27 7 0 SKATTI K. «, a K p. b h. an. i,R. r.a a r. "Kne.il, s» 4 o 0 0 0 1 7 1 :* r!p -c.. \ 0 s 0 1 6 s a L"**v f f 4 0 0 u 0 4 1 i autathao, lb.. 40000701 «o.Uemiu, L i... 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 J. *j ;;i i 1 I • 0 • 1 o , * :roM "-b..312 0 0 7 3 0 Jl"'And, r. 1 3 0 0 0 v' V IS MINOS. "•enmt.0 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 iv f, , ° Mt MM 4 HIT, E*n;«x tTar.,. s itt'tf 2. Two!ue :, tj»u«r. KuUiCi.de, Irwiu J. ri;ru«- »•» tun—Parrott. Mlnn.jhM lizs; £ P to r«m [( f'ros. i c--,, c, on balm- Pasved bii||_K»rioi T- OUt —I ross 9, ('ami, % pii*~-March ®l. I,me ol «ame—l:su. Um- SPOKANE 6. PORTLAND 10. ° re fheKnH « by B,,nchin «r Mit« N>»r " Lnd of Poorly Played Game. Bounded by Special.— The Web fou-ih Series to,ia >\ taking the bunch; P T e'- Which Was due their ninth consecutive game, Lucid won with the fourth consecutive game, and won had he been properly T° at critical Points. The Port attempted to break the record on errors in the earlier part of the game, but the wind-up got down to business. Miper was hit freely, and in the seventh inning Barnes substituted Mains, who was first, and Leiper was placed in left, while Stenzel was designated to hold down first bag in the ninth inning they were changed to their former positions, as the chances for Spokane to defeat out five runs were rare. Bums has distinguished himself as a player second to none in the league. Leiper and Burns each scored a home run. The umpiring of Knight was very unsatisfactory to the audience as well, as the players. The attendance was fair. The score: SPOKANE. Clin* e. f * E 4 VT * f r f- 2 0 0 8 0 1 BSV U 4 0 2 1 0 1 4 0 V 40100350 KlOpf, r.f 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Lucid, p. 31100001 Totals 37 6 11 1 0 24 10 5 PORTLAND. a....... AB - I"- SH. S.B. P.O. A. E. ctenzel, lb &!. f.... 52200301 Burns, c. f o 2 4 1 0 4 0 0 George, rf. 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 Tebeau, 3o 3 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 White, a*. 210001 8 0 Baldwin, e 4 1 0 0 0 5 5 1 Leiper 1. Two base hits—Murr, Burns 2, Tebeau 2, Tebeau. Home runs—Leiper and Burns. Hits made— Off Lucid 10, off Leiper 8, off Mans 2. Batteries—Lucid and Cline. Struck out— Lucid 4, Leiper 2, Mains 1. Hit by pitched balls—Lucid and Cline. Struck out— Lucid 4, Leiper 2, Mains 2. Passed balls—Wilson 2, Baldwin 1. Time of game—2:05. Umpire—Mr. Knight. THE CLUBS NKAICKER TOGETHER. Portland Has Tied Seattle for First Place and Tacoma is a Close Second. The Pacific Northwest teams have been brought closer together by the last week's play. Seattle, which had a good lead the week before, met with a bad stumbling block at Tacoma by dropping three straight and Portland has pulled up into a tie for first place. Tacoma by her three victories is now a close second. Spokane broke even with Portland but is still the tailender. This week Seattle is at Spokane for four games, and Portland at Tacoma. The Seattle team, whose poor showing at Tacoma is partly due to its patched-up team, owing to the absence of a regular second base man and an outfielder, will probably have one and perhaps two new men this week at Spokane, and ought to do better work there. It comes home on Wednesday of next week with the Portlands. Following is the comparative records of the came to the city yesterday to show their white brothers how to play the national game, left for home without any scalps tonight. The Kings, whom they essayed to beat, proved too skillful and toyed with them as they pleased, finally winning a seven-inning game by a score of 11 to 4. The score: Kwines, R. B. O. A. E Gamble, ss 2 3 14 1 Loehey, lb 0 0 4 1 1 Simmonds, 2 2 2 8 0 Alter, Lf 0 1 2 1 1 Vaachan, 1 2 3 1 0 Peter, c.f. 0 2 0 0 Maloney, cf 1 2 10 n Pratt, ss... 1112 2 Parks, p... 110 1 0 Williams, 3b. 0 0 2 1 2 Hines, c..0082 2 1 0 Wright, r. 2 0 0 0 Snyder, 2b 0 0 3 2 0 Totals... 11 12 21 14 4 Totals... 4 421 11 6 SUMMARY. Runs earned Off Jacob 3. Two-base hits—Winn, Vaughan, Vaugban. Three-base hits—Simmons, Vaughan. Times at bat of each. Ditcher's opponent Parks 2 1, Jacob 2. Struck out—By Parks 1. Passed balls—Winn. Son 2, Klein Time of game—1:40. THE LONGS HOKE MEN WIN. They Beat the Teamsters in a Sharply Played Game. The longshoremen and the teamsters played a pretty game across the harbor yesterday afternoon, the longshoremen winning by a score of 5 to 0. It was a sharp contest, the victors showing their longer practice and superior team play. The feat urea of the game was the battery work of Connolly and Doherty and the short-topping of Malino. The match was for a side. The makeup and batting order of the teams was as follows: Longshoremen Molino, Connolly, P. Doherty, C.; Maher, lb.; McMahan, 2b.; J. Blonde, 2b.; R. Taasar, cf.; Quite, If. Teamsters Murphy, p.; Stevens, rf.; Hoge, cf.; Jefferson, if.; Cordovan, lb.; Smith, 3b.; Brink, 3b.; Blake, cf.; Harris, c. SCORE BY INNINGS. Teamster 0 * * 1 ® 0 0 0--S Laporte 0 * 4 - 0 0 0 0--S LOS ANGELES WINS. First Series of the California League Games Ended Yesterday. The first series of games of the California Baseball League ended yesterday with victory for Los Angeles and San Jose a close second. She second series will begin with next Thursday's games. SAN FRANCISCO, July 24.-San Francisco 14, Oakland 4. COSSACK OF HASEBALL. The Los Angeles baseball team has disbanded, fair players' battle has been terminated of late, barring Newman's playing shortstop for the Halt, more club. Jake Stensell. "Pap" is hitting steadily in the field at the end of the season. "Pap" is hitting steadily in the field at the end of the season. "Pap" is hitting steadily in the field at the end of the season. Arthur Sunday is called "Thursday" by the bleachers at Kansas City. Oscar France is pitching for the Atlanta, Ga., team in the Southern League. Anson has moved "Jigg" Parrott up to the head of Chicago's batting order. "Beesie" McGuirk is captaining the Rock Island-Moline team in the L.L. League. Lucid pitched all four games of last week's series against Portland, winning two of them. Dick Van Zant is captaining the Menominee, Mich., team and playing second base in good style. Willie Mains is playing first base in good shape for Portland, notwithstanding his awkwardness. Big Lew Schoeneck is managing and playing first for the Green Bay, Wis., team in the Wisconsin-Michigan League. The Illinois-Iowa League has reduced its circuit to four clubs in Joliet, Jacksonville, Hock Island, and Rock Island. Tony Mullane, the famous pitcher of the Cincinnati team, who refused to accept a cut in salary, is going on the stage as a song and dance artist. Jose, whose team won the championship of the California League last season, is not self-supporting this year, and there is talk of moving the team to Stockton. "Jumper" Darby, who has been playing with Omaha, has signed with the Philadelphia League team. In a recent game he shut out Columbus without a hit. Clausen, the pitcher whom Louisville bought from Columbus, won seventeen games and lost four for Columbia in the first championship season of the Western League. President Young, of the National League, estimates that by reducing the number of players of each club to thirty, and the cutting of salaries, the felubs will save on the season an aggregate of $100,000. George Tebeau is not a brilliant success at third base, although a valuable man in other respects, and Manager Barnes is looking for a new man. For the position. He has been dickering with Mayer, late of Kansas City. In the first game, Abner Powell played with New Orleans Ortmanu, shut out Memphis, the opposing team, without a hit. The same day, Charlie Petty, pitching for Birmingham, did not allow Macou a single safe hit. "Circle," the Pittsburgh correspondent of the St. Louis Life, says: "They say Camp is telling people out West Pittsburgh didn't treat him right. The lad has fancied this. He won't do for fast company, for a time at least." There is a movement in the East to form a new eight-club league from the cities in the Eastern and Western Leagues. The proposed circuit is to have Albany, Troy, Buffalo, and Rochester in the East and Columbus, Toledo, Indianapolis, and Kansas City in the West. The Brooklyn Eagle prints of "Jiggs" Parrott, the following comment: "Parrott, Anson's new third baseman, wears a broad grin that never loses any of its longitudinosity. He has the appearance of being on good terms with himself. This is the kind of ball players that receive encouragement from the average crank." The Chicago Tribune says of Anson's new men: "Unless the new men have strengthened the battery of the club, their acquisition will bring no good results. Of the three who played yesterday, Parrott's actions were the least taking to the eye. He showed an unmistakable weakness for fighting ground balls and when he once fumbled them was slow to recover. Out of five chances he accepted but three and out of three times up to the bat struck out twice. Glenalvin is undeniably one of the greatest players in the California league, but his work on the field is oftentimes marred by his display of temper. While the people of San Francisco admire his qualities as a ball player, they will not tolerate his ugly disposition showing itself above the surface. This fact was demonstrated last week by manifestations of displeasure on the part of the audiences.— Pacific Field Sports. True, "Glen's" appearance on the field is against him, but they should know what a royal good fellow he is in private life. Turner-Williams Fight Postponed. SAS FRANCISCO, July 24.—The fight which was to come off tomorrow night under the auspices of the Pacific Athletic Club has been indefinitely postponed. James Williams, middle-weight pugilist, from Salt Lake, who was matched to fight Charley Turner, of Stockton, was taken suddenly and seriously ill today. The doctor pronounces it a case of severe attack of typhoid malaria. Two Prizes This Week. Tomorrow night, before the California Athletic Club, San Francisco, Danny Needham and George Dawson, of Australia, will fight. The betting favors Dawson. On Saturday night, in South Omaha, Tom Ryan, welter-weight champion of the world, and Jack Wilkes, of St. Louis, will fight. Ryan is the favorite, he has never been defeated, and has a great record. Billiard Contests. In France. PARIS, July 24.—At Folios, Hergese yesterday, in a balk-line game between Ives and Fourin, the former won, 110 to 145; in the morning, Schaetler and Gamier played a 100-point cushion game, the former winning by 19 points. In the evening, in a balk-line game, Piot defeated Schaetler, 300 to 192. O'Connor and Hanlon Win Game. WASHINGTON CITY, July 21.—O'Connor defeated Hosmer today in 19:25, and Hanlon won from Ross in 19:48. Both were easy victories. The course was three miles with three turns. THE FIRE KELTON. Iron River, Wis., destroyed 500 people homeless at Carrollton, Mo. MILWAUKEE, July 24.—Dispatches from Ashland tonight report that the entire business district and many residences in the new town of Iron River, on the Northern Pacific line, have been destroyed by fire, the loss being fully $200,000. Five hundred people are sleeping in cars, furnished by the railroad. The details cannot be had, as telegraphic communication has been interrupted by the burning of offices. CARROLLTON, MO., July 21.—Fire which started this afternoon in the building of the Davis Manufacturing Company, swept the entire square, burning Recorder Wilcoxson's bank, Pelker & Scott's grocery, Couch's hardware store and several other firms. The loss will reach $100,000, partly insured. Kohler of Han her Moffat Caught. DENVER, July 4.—A sensation has been created by the arrest of J. H. Cross and J. McDaniels, charged with the robbery of President Moffat, of the First National bank, which created such a sensation three years ago, Moffat being forced to give up $1,000 at the point of a revolver. Mr. Daniels asserts that Cross was the robber, but the latter denies all knowledge of the crime. Mr. Moffatt visited the jail this afternoon, but declined to say whether or not he was sure that Cross was the man who robbed him. Local police officers ridicule the idea that either Cross or McDaniels were connected with the affair. Private Detective Sawyer, who made the arrest, is confident, however, that he made no mistake. Burned in Niagara Falls SALVAGED, July 18. Marcus M. Mason, cashier of the Investment Trust Company, of Boston, lost his life here today. Accompanied by John R. Barlow, a guide, and B. Reed, of Newcastle, la., he started out to make a tour of the Cave of the Winds. There is a steep, slippery stone steps just at the entrance of the cave, where visitors pass under the tails. Here, instead of proceeding carefully, Mason jumped one or two steps, and, moment later, hurled into the descending volume of water. The tide dashed into the water, but Mason had disappeared. His body has not yet been recovered. THE MODERN LAKE WASHINGTON A Veteran Gives a Youngster Some Tainable Hints and Breaks the Spell of Ill-Luck. Fishing, as a pastime or recreation, finds favor with the old and young, rich and poor, in all countries and localities. There was a time when the old settlers or well-known characters of famous fishing grounds looked ill-concealed contempt upon the elaborate tackle of the city sportsman, and clung tenaciously to the old-fashioned paraphernalia. No doubt there are many anglers in Seattle who can remember when they used to fish with a cut pole, cotton or possibly linen line, oblong lead sinker and ringed hook. In those days, sneezes, hooks were high-toned, were fancy. To use a silk line was going too far, and the climax was reached when a jointed "store fishing pole" was produced. But time has changed the customs in this respect, until it is a source of pride and a cause for congratulation to have a first-class fishing outfit. Manufacturers have kept pace with the demands of the angling public, and the rods which are light as a feather, compared with the old style, are guaranteed, in the hands of an ordinary fisherman, to hold fish weighing from one to seven pounds. Such a rod is expensive, costing from $25 to $35. It is made of split bamboo, and from nine to twelve feet long. Each of the three lengths, excepting the tip, is made of six or eight separate pieces bound together. So great has been the improvement in this line of work that the rods are almost round, and it is with difficulty that the eye can detect where the ribs meet. The tip is a beautiful piece of work and is in perfect proportion to the other parts of the rod, notwithstanding the increased difficulty in making it. Trout rods vary in weight from four and one-half to ten ounces, and in cases where the butt and middle joint are made in eight pieces, the tip is made of six. This reduction is necessary to maintain the proportions and prevent the rod being top heavy. Bass rods are a trifle heavier than those used for trout and range in weight from ten to fifteen ounces, lengths being nearly the same. As a rule, bass fishers prefer a rod ten and one-half feet in length and a trifle stiffer than that used for trout. Salmon rods are not used to any extent on the Sound, owing doubtless to the siwash custom of trolling having been adopted as the proper thing. It is also doubtful if the Puget Sound salmon can be compared as a game fish to the salmon which inhabit the Metapiac and Restigouche rivers in New Brunswick. The rods used at the latter places are eight-strip split bamboo, sixteen feet long, and weigh from twenty-four to twenty-eight ounces. The strongest line and the best reel must be used. From the time the salmon is struck until he is killed it is a fight in which none but an expert angler stands an equal chance. Salmon fishing in Elliott bay will commence to be good in a week or two, provided the fish run as may be reasonably expected. Some of the fishermen are now on the watch for signs of schools and at the first indication of game the big nets will be dropped and the troller will launch his boat. The trout season has been fair notwithstanding the varieties of weather and the continued high waters both in rivers and lakes. The sport in Lake Washington received a severe setback at the time of the dynamite outrages. The first attempt to slaughter fish with explosives, said to have been very successful, was followed by such a vigorous protest from the public, both through the press and town talk, that the perpetrators remained inactive for several days. This did not effectually stop the crime, for on two occasions since then unmistakable reports have been heard and the Sportsman's Association of the Northwest was notified that the practice was being kept up. It may have been due to dynamite or lack of knowledge of the tastes of lake Washington trout that the writer was not successful; however, that may be, it is an acknowledged fact that I tried Union Bay five times and the bays on the east shore once without enticing one speckled beauty to grab for the troll. Captain A. K. Leake, who knows the peculiarities of lake Washington's finny population like a book, often spoke in a sympathetic way, and at last became so anxious that "the unfortunate" should taste success that he proposed a trip. No hungry fish ever jumped more eagerly after the shining spoon than did the worn-out, disheartened would-be fisherman at this proposition. The following Tuesday was named as the date, and on that morning, after making a rather unusual effort, I got up at 5:30 o'clock, ate breakfast and reached the end of Madison street in about an hour. The captain was waiting, and, as I came down the walk, remarked with a twinkle in his eye: "I didn't know as you'd be able to get up so early. Well, I guess it the sun doesn't come out too strong we'll get some over across the lake." Following these words the captain got his minnow scoop, and in a few minutes had plenty of bait. As good luck had it, the steamer Katherine was at the wharf, and the captain kindly agreed to tow us across the lake. Isy some oversight the row boat was not tied close enough to the steamer, and when she swung from the wharf the water rushed in over her sides in a threatening manner. For a moment it did Look as if the little boat would be swamped, but Captain Leake managed to shorten the tow rope and averted the danger. At the entrance to Fairweather bay, we left the steamer and at once got ready for work. The sun had broken through the clouds and as it advanced slowly on its course drove them away. The appearance of big patches of blue sky caught the captain's eye and, as he was getting the lines ready, he remarked: "I don't like the looks of the sun." The rod was rather heavy, three jointed, and in fact more of a bass than a trout rod. The line was a beauty, and if properly managed would hold a fish. It was an imported braided silk line, level enameled and water-proofed. The captain attached a nine-foot mist leader to it and then took from a pocketbook a No. 3 oval gold-plated troll. Captain Leake never uses a nickel or silver-plated spoon, and is of the opinion that it is a very less thing to try in Lake Washington. This may be imagination, but the fact stands indisputable that the majority of fish are taken with the gold spoon. The troll securely fastened to the leader completed the rig, except putting on the bait. It is quite a trick to attach a minnow to a gang of hooks and do it properly. I do not think I ever saw a person quite as skillful as the I j MIT 1 1! 5* :■ ■ THE W. L. GAZZAM CO. —j] o. u. u01c0xh..w.,0,. _. • •..•!••! W rate Bf> x< ire Insurance —j rAnn,JT„ £,.,i.nnA - HALLFH BLACK. N. W. cor. Columbia and Second streets. Pioneer Block, Seattle. Wash. Seeond and Spring St. Tel. S3l. il' ■ : _ _ j MIIE NEW ENOI.ASD NORTHWEST- LILLY. BOG VRDL'S & CO. I GEORGE M. VAN DOREN, 1 em Investment Co. owns fine residence • * L u * v vv < property. II WILL BIILD VOU A Wholesale I*>a!ers in j»r«i l\T»Tl' InUO i\ ft IVVKCTMFVN H«rSE according tu piai.s acceptable to TT , p . &-t>< I>IUC,LV\t3 \)J — j th" purchaser, and sell thw same on satis- , Hay ItI'iHII 311(1 F PPI « »**» Kent*! Kent* Coneet-><l. Tmm ■— ~ 2^i w I y « e ?r,£? ,n J? 1 - 000 w ! "J' V 111 11 1 CCU Pail lor Nutirsiivii:-. I .rr. fIO.UOO. BEACON HILL Property a Warehouses—Corner We*t an 1 l*ni- s, . tnl < Pieea— .."'t ..'lO ',VS'.i.:.;:oq t : Specialty. M. It \Ol NG. (General Man a- | versity streets. Baker's WharC bi.Hk Entrance, 705 Kront street. 1". o. j ger. Ofliee, 211,212 Pioneer Building. j Telephone I_'9 i B.>x lAX telephone 767 PHOTO KXGKAVIXG. f}f f 1/ IjlTlOf' AITIIYD Multiplying by the ten thousand o:i the KI i I L K \ I l lllii ~ n "II OR mnrPßs priming press the faithful effects of th* i| I! I Til . A ITI I lIT photograph. Type blocs* or cuts of map* lllj I Ijllk ; 111 I 111 J J \M» k ll -"" , IKK ~,, or in uesigns of any nature for letter heads. aa. r\_/ vn M.MS MS F J Isflll rHW M Ojj Colli. • bill heads, circulars and general commer- .. cial work. The names of houses hero given are as —| JiEW WEST ENGRAVING CO., reference for the benefit of m »r> han:s an» B. B. DEARBORN, 207 Cherry. Others out of the city, and are houses of Pacific AT.. 913 Railroad St. Tacoma, known reliability. WILES & PITTS. | SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Take kindly to us. We had passed nearly the entire length of the south shore of Fairweather Bay when my companion grunted his disapprobation and concluded to let out another line. This is termed the outside or long line, and, although one might think the lines would get mixed, it is easily avoided if the boatman is skillful. During the entire trip, the lines never met or became snarled in hauling in. The second troll drags about fifty feet behind that on the inside line, and frequently hooks trout which have come within dangerous distance of the first. We crossed at the head of the bay and were well towards the entrance again when the captain gave two short, sharp jerks and said: "Draw in; I've got something." I was somewhat excited at the prospect of seeing a trout landed, but the captain quieted me when he said: "I never got anything but chubs on this side of the bay, and by the way this fish is coming in, I guess it's one. Sure enough, a big, lazy, good-for-nothing chub was drawn up close to the boat, and, although given every opportunity to break loose, it lay still and motionless. The hooks were snapped from its mouth and we went on. The south shore of Anderson bay gave every indication of good fishing, but no fish. The north shore is still better and always raises the angler's hopes several degrees. Suddenly Captain Leake turned and, pointing to a fence which ran into the water about eight rods ahead us, remarked: "I never yet passed that fence without getting a strike." The boat was seventy feet past the fence and I said to the captain: "Well, if something doesn't happen in a short time, your ideas about that fence will be good for nothing." I was just finishing my remark when I felt a tug at the line. If my companion had been as deaf as Dummy Ryn he would have realized something had happened. The faster I tried to reel in the slower came the line. "Don't give him any slack," shouted the captain, and I complied by losing control of the reel and giving him several yards slack line. This did not discourage me. I kept on turning the crank. No 100-yard foot racer ever worked harder for victory than I did for that three-quarter pound trout. I landed him, but it was because he had swallowed the hook. The spell was broken and we rowed on in a much better frame of mind. It was in front of the point where a little brook enters the lake that the cantata signified that he had a communication from the end of his line. The contrast between the way in which he brought in a fourteen ounce trout and my exhibition was not favorable to me in any sense. We passed the point and trolled along the shore for an eighth of a mile, but were unsuccessful, although trout were jumping continually. On our return trip I again experienced the joy of a tug at the line, at the head of Anderson bay, and this time landed the fish in a little better style. Not five minutes later Captain Leake brought in one, remarking as he did so, "I couldn't let you beat me." From the entrance of Anderson bay we rowed across to Union bay, making the passage in twenty-four minutes. When we reached the fishing ground in Union bay I suggested to the captain that it would be a good idea for me to row a little and give him a rest. "Bless you, my boy," said he, "I could row all day, and then again it's more than half in rowing. If I let you row we wouldn't get another strike." My success in the past had proved in a most conclusive manner the force of his statements, so I did not argue the point. There are fine fishing spots alone: the Webster tract of land on the north side of the bay, but we did not get a strike until the Greek's baited ground was reached on the south shore. Here Captain Leake hooked a small one. Close in by the rushes before Camp Sunrise was reached, I hooked a mate to the captain's. When he was close by the boat and almost near enough to be stopped in, he shook the hooks from his mouth and darted away. Language failed to express my feelings. We both mourned the fate which prevented our having an even half dozen, and as the last row of weeds before the boat-house was reached, I asked the captain if I should pull in the line. "No," said he. "Here is a splendid place. I have taken many large ones by these reeds." He had hardly finished speaking when I had a strike. It was a good one, and to lose the prize was more than I could stand, so I passed the line over to Captain Leake and saw him land the beauty without mishap. Five minutes later the boat-house was reached, and as I started in town the captain sang out: "Well, I guess the spell is broken." P. It. We will pay the highest price for any case of liver Complaint, such as backache, indigestion, constipation, or costiveness. Guaranteed to cure all liver, kidney, and stomach troubles. The advantages are excellent with the Vegetable and recommended to satisfaction. Our large boxes, containing counterfeits and the best tonic, are sure to satisfy. Our customers can trust us. SUM TRUST A CAPITAL $200,000, FULLY PAID. Rooms 77 and 78, Safe Deposit Building, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. Notes, Mortgages, Bonds, Stocks, Commercial Securities Choice tracts of TIMBER AND AGRICULTURAL LANDS FOR SALE. NEWCASTLE COAL REDUCED TO THE FOLLOWING "HARD TIME" PRICES ON JULY Is Double Screened, $3.50 per ton of 2,240 pounds, at bunkers Average, in car loads, $3.00 per ton of 2,240 pounds, at bunkers. Nut, $2.00 per ton of 2,240 pounds, at bunkers. Screenings, $1.00 per ton of 2,240 pounds, at bunkers. It has been on this market 20 years and still used by almost every family in the city. It is only sold at the Oregon Improvement Co's bunkers, and Commercial streets Telephone No. 315. PRACTICAL ROOFERS AND CONTRACTORS FOR — - H Composition, Gravel Tin and Slate Roofing. ALSO DEALERS IN Roofing Material and Building Papers. GALT BROS. & CO. 117 Front Street. TELEPHONE '07. O. BOX lift. MORAN BROTHERS COMPANY Iron and Brass Founders, Machinists and Boiler Makers. MARINE ENGINE, MILL AND RAILROAD WORK. ARCHITECTURAL, iron work. AGENTS FOR COST BOX ANCHORS AND POST CARS. Cable Iron Work Fair Lumber, Curve and Wheels. Railroad Avenue. Arrives and Norman Street (Alfred Orv P*fc), Sntfll WaA \M\ BAKERY 1 11 Lill U CONFECTIONERY The Best Broad Meat the Finest Meat in the City. -17 Vestry Avenue. THE SEATTLE TRANSFER COMPANY, MAIN OFFICE, THIRD AND WELLEK STREETS. Back, Cabs and Haggage Office. Telephone 41, 11 Charr Street; Freight and OraTli Telphone 35U, Warehouse; Coal Telephone 41 or 359. STORAGE AND INSURANCE AT 1.0 WEST RATES. |H| TICKETS Kansas City, St Paul, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS AND ALL POINTS EAST, NORTH & SOUTH ITLI-MAN STEAMERS, COLONIST STEAMERS, KICLIMI CHALLENGE CARS AND DINERS. Steam Purified to S2 YA IM I»ry F<«ar D*n. TICKETS TO EUROPE. For rates and general information, call on or address A. C. Martin, Ticket Agent, 705 Second Street, Washington, D.C. W. H. Hubbard, Agent, Washington Street, for information, or address W. H. Hubbard, Agent, Washington Street, for information. WANT A SITUATION? Use the Want Columns of the POST IN KELLOGG. Double the circulation of any paper in the State. Best results. And all BOUGHT AND SOLD. POST OFFICE, Post Office, and the SEASHORE The Northern Pacific R.R. Co., BURNING WATER SATURDAY, JULY 2 Will charge $6.00 FOR ROUND TRIP from Seattle to Oceanside and Ocean Beach. Tickets $10.00 Saturday and returning Monday. Trains leave Saturdays at 2:55 p.m., running through to Oceanside. Delightful Bathing, Fine Hotels and all the pleasures of a seaside resort. T. A. NADEAU, General Agent. JAPANESE STORE COLUMBIA.
| 0.544353
| -0.518243
| 1,009
| 3,938
| 167
| -1
|
Historical Ads & Descriptions
| false
|
99,714
|
github_open_source_100_2_8237
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
<?php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
/**
* Install サイト管理者についての設定セッション登録
* DBにも登録
*
* @package NetCommons
* @author Noriko Arai,Ryuji Masukawa
* @copyright 2006-2007 NetCommons Project
* @license http://www.netcommons.org/license.txt NetCommons License
* @project NetCommons Project, supported by National Institute of Informatics
* @access public
*/
class Install_Action_Main_Adminsetting extends Action
{
// リクエストパラメータを受け取るため
var $handle = null;
var $login_id = null;
var $password = null;
var $confirm_pass = null;
// 使用コンポーネントを受け取るため
var $installCompmain = null;
var $session = null;
var $actionChain = null;
// 値をセットするため
/**
* Install サイト管理者についての設定セッション登録
*
* @access public
*/
function execute()
{
$base_dir = $this->session->getParameter("base_dir");
$this->session->setParameter("install_handle", $this->handle);
$this->session->setParameter("install_login_id", $this->login_id);
$this->session->setParameter("install_pass", $this->password);
$this->session->setParameter("install_confirm_pass", $this->confirm_pass);
if(!$this->installCompmain->getSessionDb($database, $dbhost, $dbusername, $dbpass, $dbname, $dbprefix, $dbpersist, $dsn)) {
// DB接続失敗
$errorList->add(get_class($this), sprintf(INSTALL_DBCHECK_NOT_CONNECT, $dbname));
return 'error';
}
$errorList =& $this->actionChain->getCurErrorList();
//
// DB接続
//
//include_once $base_dir.'/maple/nccore/db/DbObjectAdodb.class.php';
include_once BASE_DIR.'/maple/nccore/db/DbObjectAdodb.class.php';
$dbObject = new DbObjectAdodb();
$dbObject->setPrefix($dbprefix);
$dbObject->setDsn($dsn);
$conn_result = @$dbObject->connect();
if ($conn_result == false) {
// DB接続失敗
$errorList->add(get_class($this), sprintf(INSTALL_DBCHECK_NOT_CONNECT, $dbname));
return 'error';
}
$result = $dbObject->selectExecute("users", array("system_flag" => _ON), null, 1);
if($result === false) {
return 'error';
}
if(isset($result[0])) {
// 既にデータが存在
// ありえないので、エラーとする
$errorList->add(get_class($this), sprintf(INSTALL_DBCHECK_NOT_CONNECT, $dbname));
return 'error';
} else {
// インサート
// insUserと同等の処理だが、_dbが使えないため、ここに記述
// サイトIDもまだ生成されていないのでサイトIDから生成(insertSite)と同等の処理
$sessionID = $this->session->getID();
$new_site_id = sha1(uniqid($sessionID.microtime(), true));
$id = $dbObject->nextSeq("users");
$user_id = sha1(uniqid($new_site_id.$id, true));
$this->session->setParameter("install_self_site_id", $new_site_id);
$this->session->setParameter("install_user_id", $user_id);
$params = array(
"site_id" => $new_site_id,
"url" => "BASE_URL",
"self_flag" => _ON,
"commons_flag" => _ON,
"certify_flag" => _ON,
"insert_time " => "",
"insert_site_id " => $new_site_id,
"insert_user_id " => $user_id,
"insert_user_name " => "",
"update_time " => "",
"update_site_id " => $new_site_id,
"update_user_id " => $user_id,
"update_user_name " => ""
);
$result = $dbObject->insertExecute("sites", $params);
if($result === false) {
return 'error';
}
$timezone_offset = -1 * INSTALL_DEFAULT_TIMEZONE;
$time = date("YmdHis");
$int_time = mktime(intval(substr($time, 8, 2)) + $timezone_offset, intval(substr($time, 10, 2)), intval(substr($time, 12, 2)),
intval(substr($time, 4, 2)), intval(substr($time, 6, 2)), intval(substr($time, 0, 4)));
$insert_time = date("YmdHis", $int_time);
$params = array(
"user_id" => $user_id,
"login_id" => $this->login_id,
"password" => md5($this->password),
"handle" => $this->handle,
"role_authority_id" => _SYSTEM_ROLE_AUTH_ID,
"active_flag" => _ON,
"system_flag" => _ON,
"activate_key" => "",
"lang_dirname" => $this->session->getParameter("_lang"),
"timezone_offset" => INSTALL_DEFAULT_TIMEZONE,
"password_regist_time" => $insert_time,
"last_login_time " => "",
"previous_login_time " => "",
"insert_time " => $insert_time,
"insert_site_id " => $new_site_id,
"insert_user_id " => $user_id,
"insert_user_name " => $this->handle,
"update_time " => $insert_time,
"update_site_id " => $new_site_id,
"update_user_id " => $user_id,
"update_user_name " => $this->handle
);
$result = $dbObject->insertExecute("users", $params, false);
if ($result === false) {
return 'error';
}
}
return 'success';
}
}
?>
| 0.283499
| 0.857766
| 3,817
| 15,186
| 147
| -1
|
ASP.NET Application Code
| false
|
99,715
|
github_open_source_100_2_8238
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
/**
* @file Cholesky.cpp
*
* @brief implementation of near communication-optimal parallel Cholesky
* factorization algorithm
*
* @authors Anonymized Authors
*
* @date 14.11.2020
*/
#include <fstream>
#include <cstring>
#include <math.h>
#include <string>
#include <random>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#ifdef DEBUG
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <mpi.h>
#ifdef __USE_MKL
#include <mkl.h>
#else
#include <cblas.h>
#endif
#include "CholeskyProfiler.h"
#include "CholeskyTypes.h"
#include "CholeskyProperties.h"
#include "CholeskyIO.h"
#include "Cholesky.h"
#include "Processor.h"
#include "TileMatrix.h"
// global variables (defined extern elsewhere)
conflux::Processor *proc;
conflux::CholeskyProperties *prop;
conflux::CholeskyIO *io;
std::string pathToMatrix;
MPI_Datatype MPI_SUBTILE;
/**
* @brief initializes environment and allocates local buffers for all processes
*
* This function intializes the MPI environment, sets the variables as specified
* by the user via command line arguments, and allocates the necessary buffers
* to store the matrix tiles on the heap.
*
* @overload void initialize(int, char*[], uint32_t)
*
* @param argc the number of command line arguments
* @param argv an array of command line arguments
* @param N the dimension of the matrix
* @param v the tile size
* @param grid pointer to the grid dimensions
*
* @throws CholeskyException if MPI environment was not initialized
*/
void conflux::initialize(int argc, char *argv[], uint32_t N, uint32_t v, ProcCoord *grid)
{
// throw an exception if MPI was not initialized
int isInitialized;
MPI_Initialized(&isInitialized);
if (!isInitialized) {
throw CholeskyException(CholeskyException::errorCode::FailedMPIInit);
}
int numProc;
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numProc);
// we choose the grid for the user if the grid is not specified
if (grid[0] == 0 && grid[1] == 0 && grid[2] == 0) {
// special cases
if (numProc == 8 && N < 16384) {
grid[0] = 2;
grid[1] = 2;
grid[2] = 2;
}
else if (numProc == 32 && N < 8192) {
grid[0] = 4;
grid[1] = 4;
grid[2] = 2;
}
else if (numProc == 128 && N <= 16384) {
grid[0] = 8;
grid[1] = 8;
grid[2] = 2;
}
else if (numProc == 512) {
grid[0] = 16;
grid[1] = 16;
grid[2] = 2;
}
// normal case
else {
uint32_t PZ = 1;
uint32_t powOf2 = log2(numProc);
uint32_t PX = powOf2 % 2 == 0 ? 1 << (powOf2/2) : (1 << powOf2/2) * 2;
uint32_t PY = 1 << (powOf2 / 2);
grid[0] = PX;
grid[1] = PY;
grid[2] = PZ;
}
}
if (v == 0) {
double ratio = ((double)N*N * grid[2] /numProc)/1000000.0;
if (ratio < 2.5) {
v = 128;
}
else if (ratio < 30) {
v = 256;
}
else if (ratio < 250) {
v = 512;
}
else {
v = 1024;
}
}
// get the properties for the cholesky factorization algorithm
prop = new CholeskyProperties(static_cast<ProcRank>(numProc), N, v,
grid[0], grid[1], grid[2]);
// get the processor information
proc = new Processor(prop);
// create and commit new type for subtiles
MPI_Type_vector(prop->v, prop->l, prop->v, MPI_DOUBLE, &MPI_SUBTILE);
MPI_Type_commit(&MPI_SUBTILE);
// create new CholeksyIO object
io = new CholeskyIO(prop, proc);
// set path to matrix for this dimension
std::stringstream tmp;
tmp << "data/input_" << N << ".bin";
pathToMatrix = tmp.str();
// create input matrix and dump it (only in debug mode)
io->generateInputMatrixDistributed();
#if DEBUG
io->openFile(pathToMatrix);
io->dumpMatrix();
io->closeFile();
#endif
}
/**
* @brief finalizes the computation and frees allocated if desired
*
* @param clean flag indicating whether data buffers are to be freed
*/
void conflux::finalize(bool clean)
{
// delete the CholeskyIO object
delete io;
// as the processor owns MPI communicators
// we need to clean it before finalizing
if (clean) {
delete proc;
delete prop;
}
}
/**
* @brief computes the Cholesky factorization of the current A00 tile
* @see algorithm 9 in algo description PDF
*
* @param k the current iteration index (must not be modified)
* @param world the global MPI communicator
*/
void choleskyA00(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// compute Cholesky factorization of A00 tile
PE(choleskyA00_compute);
LAPACKE_dpotrf(LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR, 'L', prop->v, proc->A00, prop->v);
PL();
}
/**
* @brief updates A10 tile column according to algorithm 10
* @see algorithm 10 in algo description PDF
*
* @note this function has been refactored to allow for synchronous sends,
* which should lead to a performance increase compared to our previous, non-
* blocking asynchronous approach. Hence, what happens in here is not congruent
* to the descirption in algorithm 10 anymore:
*
* 1.) The processor iterates over its tile-row indices in A11 to obtain
* representatives of A10, and over its tile-col indices in A11 to
* obtain representatives of A01. These receives are only posted here and
* will actually take place later, as soons as the representatives have been
* sent.
* 2.) The processor iterates over their its in the current iteration's A10,
* update the tile via a TRSM call.
* 3.) The processor splits its updated tiles into sub-tiles and distributes
* them as representatives of A10 or A01 to different z-layers.
*
* @param k the current iteration index (must not be modified)
* @param world the global MPI communicator
*/
void updateA10(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// 1.) post receive statements to later receive sub-tile representatives
// post to later receive representatives of A10
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
// compute processor to receive from
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, iLoc);
conflux::ProcRank pSnd = (prop->globalToLocal(glob.i)).p;
// continue with next iteration if this row has a global index <= k
// because in this case the tile is irrelevant (above the diagonal)
if (glob.i <= k) continue;
PE(updateA10_postIrecvA10);
// receive the tile and store it in A10 receive buffer
MPI_Request req;
//if(proc->rank == PINSPECT) std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " with grid " << proc->px << " " << proc->py << " " << proc->pz << " receives from " << pSnd << " with loc index " << iLoc << " and with glob " << glob.i << std::endl;
MPI_Irecv(proc->A10rcv->get(iLoc), prop->v * prop->l, MPI_DOUBLE, pSnd, glob.i,
world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10[proc->cntUpdateA10++] = req;
PL();
}
// post to later receive representatives of A01
for (conflux::TileIndex jLoc = k / prop->PY; jLoc < proc->maxIndexA11j; ++jLoc) {
// compute processor to receive from
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, jLoc, jLoc);
conflux::ProcRank pSnd = (prop->globalToLocal(glob.j)).p;
// continue with next iteration if this col has a global index <= k,
// because in this case the tile has already been handled.
if (glob.j <= k) continue;
PE(updateA10_postIrecvA01);
// receive the tile and store it in A01 receive buffer
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Irecv(proc->A01rcv->get(jLoc), prop->v * prop->l, MPI_DOUBLE, pSnd, glob.j,
world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10[proc->cntUpdateA10++] = req;
PL();
}
// 2-3.) update local tiles, split them into sub-tiles and distribute
// them among z-layers
// iterate over processor's local tiles in A10
// iLocRecv is needed for the reception of the scattering
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->P; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA10; ++iLoc) {
conflux::TileIndex iGlob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->rank, iLoc);
// skip tiles that were already handled or out-of-bounds
if (iGlob <= k) continue;
if (iGlob >= prop->Kappa) break;
PE(updateA10_dtrsm())
// update tile in A10 by solving X*A=B system for X where A = A00
// is an upper triangular matrix and B = A10. Result is written
// back to B, i.e. into the A10 tile.
//if (!proc->inBcastComm) {
//std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " wants to update A10 but has not received it in round " << k << " and global tile " << iGlob << std::endl;
//}
double *tile = proc->A10->get(iLoc);
cblas_dtrsm(CblasRowMajor, CblasRight, CblasLower, CblasTrans, CblasNonUnit,
prop->v, prop->v, 1.0, proc->A00, prop->v, tile, prop->v);
PL();
// determine processors that own tile-rows or -cols with index iGlob
conflux::ProcIndexPair2D tileOwners = prop->globalToLocal(iGlob, iGlob);
//if (iGlob == 4) std::cout << tileOwners.px << " " << tileOwners.py << std::endl;
// send tile synchronously as representative of A10 to all processors
// that own tile-rows with index iGlob, split into subtiles among Z-layer
for (conflux::ProcCoord pyRcv = 0; pyRcv < prop->PY; ++pyRcv) {
for (conflux::ProcCoord pzRcv = 0; pzRcv < prop->PZ; ++pzRcv) {
PE(updateA10_sendA10);
conflux::ProcRank pRcv = prop->gridToGlobal(tileOwners.px, pyRcv, pzRcv);
//if(pRcv == PINSPECT)std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " sends to " << pRcv << " with coordinates " << tileOwners.px << " " <<pyRcv << " " << pzRcv << std::endl;
MPI_Ssend(tile + pzRcv * prop->l, 1, MPI_SUBTILE, pRcv, iGlob, world);
PL();
}
}
// send tile synchronously as representative of A01 to all processors
// that own tile-cols with index iGlob, split into subtiles along Z-layer
for (conflux::ProcCoord pxRcv = 0; pxRcv < prop->PX; ++pxRcv) {
for (conflux::ProcCoord pzRcv = 0; pzRcv < prop->PZ; ++pzRcv) {
PE(updateA10_sendA01);
conflux::ProcRank pRcv = prop->gridToGlobal(pxRcv, tileOwners.py, pzRcv); //std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " sends to " << pRcv << std::endl;
MPI_Ssend(tile + pzRcv * prop->l, 1, MPI_SUBTILE, pRcv, iGlob, world);
PL();
}
}
}
// wait until all the data transfers have been completed
// @ TODO: investigate if this wait all is still necessary
PE(updateA10_waitall);
if (proc->cntUpdateA10 > 0) {
//std::cout << "before waitall in round " << proc->rank << " " << k << std::endl;
MPI_Waitall(proc->cntUpdateA10, &(proc->reqUpdateA10[0]), MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
}
PL();
}
/**
* @brief updates the processor's individual copies of tiles in A11
*
* @note This function has been updated to allow for synchronous sends for performance
* reasons. Hence, in contrast to algorithm 11 in the algo description PDF
* document, the receiving already took place in updateA10(). This function thus
* solely performs the actual tile "low-rank" updates.
*
* @see algorithm 11 in algo description PDF
* @param k the current iteration index (must not be modified)
* @param world the global MPI communicator
*/
void computeA11(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// iterate over all tiles below (inclusive) the diagonal that this processor
// owns and update them via low-rank update.
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
for (conflux::TileIndex jLoc = k / prop->PY; jLoc < proc->maxIndexA11j; ++jLoc) {
// compute global index and skip tile if at least one index is <= k
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, jLoc);
if (glob.i <= k || glob.j > glob.i || glob.j <= k) continue;
// perform "low-rank" update (A11 <- A11 - A10 * A01^T)
PE(computeA11_dgemm);
cblas_dgemm(
CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans, // DGEMM information
prop->v, prop->v, prop->l, // dimension information
-1.0, proc->A10rcv->get(iLoc), prop->l, // information about A10 rep
proc->A01rcv->get(jLoc), prop->l, // information about A01 rep
1.0, proc->A11->get(iLoc, jLoc), prop->v // information about A11 tile to be updated
);
PL();
}
}
}
/**
* @brief updates A10 tile column according to algorithm 10
* @see algorithm 10 in algo description PDF
*
* @note this function has been refactored to allow for synchronous sends,
* which should lead to a performance increase compared to our previous, non-
* blocking asynchronous approach. Hence, what happens in here is not congruent
* to the descirption in algorithm 10 anymore:
*
* 1.) The processor iterates over its tile-row indices in A11 to obtain
* representatives of A10, and over its tile-col indices in A11 to
* obtain representatives of A01. These receives are only posted here and
* will actually take place later, as soons as the representatives have been
* sent.
* 2.) The processor iterates over their its in the current iteration's A10,
* update the tile via a TRSM call.
* 3.) The processor splits its updated tiles into sub-tiles and distributes
* them as representatives of A10 or A01 to different z-layers.
*
* @param k the current iteration index (must not be modified)
* @param world the global MPI communicator
*/
void updateComputeA10(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// 1.) post receive statements to later receive sub-tile representatives
// post to later receive representatives of A10
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
// compute processor to receive from
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, iLoc);
conflux::ProcRank pSnd = (prop->globalToLocal(glob.i)).p;
// continue with next iteration if this row has a global index <= k
// because in this case the tile is irrelevant (above the diagonal)
if (glob.i <= k) continue;
PE(updateA10_postIrecvA10);
// receive the tile and store it in A10 receive buffer
MPI_Request req;
//if(proc->rank == PINSPECT) std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " with grid " << proc->px << " " << proc->py << " " << proc->pz << " receives from " << pSnd << " with loc index " << iLoc << " and with glob " << glob.i << std::endl;
MPI_Irecv(proc->A10rcv->get(iLoc), prop->v * prop->l, MPI_DOUBLE, pSnd, glob.i,
world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10[proc->cntUpdateA10++] = req;
// get index information and store it in the info buffer
conflux::TileInfo tmpInf = {conflux::TileType::TILE_A10, iLoc, proc->A10rcv->get(iLoc)};
proc->tileInfos.push_back(tmpInf);
PL();
}
// post to later receive representatives of A01
for (conflux::TileIndex jLoc = k / prop->PY; jLoc < proc->maxIndexA11j; ++jLoc) {
// compute processor to receive from
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, jLoc, jLoc);
conflux::ProcRank pSnd = (prop->globalToLocal(glob.j)).p;
// continue with next iteration if this col has a global index <= k,
// because in this case the tile has already been handled.
if (glob.j <= k) continue;
PE(updateA10_postIrecvA01);
// receive the tile and store it in A01 receive buffer
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Irecv(proc->A01rcv->get(jLoc), prop->v * prop->l, MPI_DOUBLE, pSnd, glob.j,
world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10[proc->cntUpdateA10++] = req;
// get index information and store it in the requst buffer
conflux::TileInfo tmpInf = {conflux::TileType::TILE_A01, jLoc, proc->A01rcv->get(jLoc)};
proc->tileInfos.push_back(tmpInf);
PL();
}
// 2-3.) update local tiles, split them into sub-tiles and distribute
// them among z-layers
// iterate over processor's local tiles in A10
// iLocRecv is needed for the reception of the scattering
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->P; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA10; ++iLoc) {
conflux::TileIndex iGlob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->rank, iLoc);
// skip tiles that were already handled or out-of-bounds
if (iGlob <= k) continue;
if (iGlob >= prop->Kappa) break;
PE(updateA10_dtrsm())
// update tile in A10 by solving X*A=B system for X where A = A00
// is an upper triangular matrix and B = A10. Result is written
// back to B, i.e. into the A10 tile.
//if (!proc->inBcastComm) {
//std::cout << "Processor " << proc->rank << " wants to update A10 but has not received it in round " << k << " and global tile " << iGlob << std::endl;
//}
double *tile = proc->A10->get(iLoc);
cblas_dtrsm(CblasRowMajor, CblasRight, CblasLower, CblasTrans, CblasNonUnit,
prop->v, prop->v, 1.0, proc->A00, prop->v, tile, prop->v);
PL();
// determine processors that own tile-rows or -cols with index iGlob
conflux::ProcIndexPair2D tileOwners = prop->globalToLocal(iGlob, iGlob);
//if (iGlob == 4) std::cout << tileOwners.px << " " << tileOwners.py << std::endl;
// send tile synchronously as representative of A10 to all processors
// that own tile-rows with index iGlob, split into subtiles among Z-layer
for (conflux::ProcCoord pyRcv = 0; pyRcv < prop->PY; ++pyRcv) {
for (conflux::ProcCoord pzRcv = 0; pzRcv < prop->PZ; ++pzRcv) {
PE(updateA10_sendA10);
conflux::ProcRank pRcv = prop->gridToGlobal(tileOwners.px, pyRcv, pzRcv);
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Isend(tile + pzRcv * prop->l, 1, MPI_SUBTILE, pRcv, iGlob, world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10snd[proc->cntUpdateA10snd++] = req;
PL();
}
}
// send tile synchronously as representative of A01 to all processors
// that own tile-cols with index iGlob, split into subtiles along Z-layer
for (conflux::ProcCoord pxRcv = 0; pxRcv < prop->PX; ++pxRcv) {
for (conflux::ProcCoord pzRcv = 0; pzRcv < prop->PZ; ++pzRcv) {
PE(updateA10_sendA01);
conflux::ProcRank pRcv = prop->gridToGlobal(pxRcv, tileOwners.py, pzRcv);
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Isend(tile + pzRcv * prop->l, 1, MPI_SUBTILE, pRcv, iGlob, world, &req);
proc->reqUpdateA10snd[proc->cntUpdateA10snd++] = req;
PL();
}
}
}
// wait for any request to be completed, and then, if possible, already start with the
// computation of one of the dgemms
int idx, numGemms;
while (true) {
// wait for a request to finish, break if the idx is MPI_UNDEFINED
MPI_Waitany(proc->cntUpdateA10, proc->reqUpdateA10.data(), &idx, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
if (idx == MPI_UNDEFINED) {
break;
}
// if we are in here, this means that it is a valid request that was not yet handled
conflux::TileInfo info = proc->tileInfos[idx];
// if the request that finished is for an A10 rep, loop over all tiles in A11 that
// depend on this tile, and update the flags. If a location has both inputs ready,
// call dgemm
if (info.type == conflux::TileType::TILE_A10){
for (conflux::TileIndex jLoc = k / prop->PY; jLoc < proc->maxIndexA11j; ++jLoc) {
// get the tile and set the A10 flag to true
conflux::TileReady *tmp = proc->dgemmReadyFlags->get(info.idxLoc, jLoc);
tmp->a10 = true;
// compute global index and skip tile if at least one index is <= k, or above diagonal
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, info.idxLoc, jLoc);
if (glob.i <= k || glob.j > glob.i || glob.j <= k) continue;
if (!tmp->done && tmp->a01) {
PE(computeA11_dgemm)
cblas_dgemm(
CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans, // DGEMM information
prop->v, prop->v, prop->l, // information about dimension
-1.0, info.tilePtr, prop->l, // information about A10 rep
proc->A01rcv->get(jLoc), prop->l, // information about A01 rep
1.0, proc->A11->get(info.idxLoc, jLoc), prop->v // information about A11 tile
);
PL();
tmp->done = true;
}
}
// otherwise this request concerns an A01 rep. Do the opposite of the above case
} else {
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
// get the tile and set the A01 flag to true
conflux::TileReady *tmp = proc->dgemmReadyFlags->get(iLoc, info.idxLoc);
tmp->a01 = true;
// compute global index and skip tile if at least one index is <= k, or above diagonal
conflux::TileIndices glob = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, info.idxLoc);
if (glob.i <= k || glob.j > glob.i || glob.j <= k) continue;
if (!tmp->done && tmp->a10) {
PE(computeA11_dgemm)
cblas_dgemm(
CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans, // DGEMM information
prop->v, prop->v, prop->l, // information about dimension
-1.0, proc->A10rcv->get(iLoc), prop->l, // information about A10 rep
info.tilePtr, prop->l, // information about A01 rep
1.0, proc->A11->get(iLoc, info.idxLoc), prop->v // information about A11 tile
);
PL();
tmp->done = true;
}
}
}
}
// set everything to zero for the next iteration. or simplicity, do the entire buffer
PE(computeA11_memset);
std::memset(
proc->dgemmReadyFlags->get(0,0),
0x00,
sizeof(conflux::TileReady) * proc->maxIndexA11i * proc->maxIndexA11j
);
proc->tileInfos.clear();
PL();
// finally, wait for the send requests to complete
MPI_Waitall(proc->cntUpdateA10snd, proc->reqUpdateA10snd.data(), MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
}
/**
* @brief reduces the current tile column (at index k+1).
*
* In this part of the algorithm, the tile column at index (k+1) is reduced,
* i.e. the corresponding versions of a tile that exist on processors along
* one z-axis (i.e. these processors share px and py coordinates) are sent
* to the processor in this group that lies on the reduction layer, which
* adds all the tile versions together and thus prepares them to be scattered
* in the next step.
*
* @see algorithm 12 in algo description PDF
* @param k the current iteration index (must not be modified)
* @param world the global MPI communicator
*/
void reduceA11(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// return immediately if there is only a single z-layer
if (prop->PZ == 1) return;
// fix the index of the tile-column index to be reduced
conflux::TileIndex jLoc = prop->globalToLocal(k+1, k+1).j;
// only parts of all processors take part in the reduction
// in particular, we only consider processors with certain y-coordinates for sending and receiving
// the receiving, reduction executing processors will will have y and z coordinates
// (k+1) % PY, (k+1) % PZ respectively
conflux::ProcCoord pyRed = prop->globalToLocal(k+1, k+1).py;
if (proc->py == pyRed) {
conflux::ProcRank recvProcessorRank = prop->gridToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, (k + 1) % prop->PZ);
// maybe check if this is the correct loop boundary
for (conflux::TileIndex iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
conflux::TileIndices globalIndices = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, jLoc);
// we dont care about old indices
if (globalIndices.i <= k) continue;
PE(reduceA11_reduction);
// this process actually performs the reduction (and thus in place)
if (proc->rank == recvProcessorRank) {
MPI_Reduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, proc->A11->get(iLoc, jLoc), prop->vSquare,
MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, (k+1) % prop->PZ, proc->zAxisComm);//, &req);
// all other processes only send data
} else {
MPI_Reduce(proc->A11->get(iLoc, jLoc), proc->A11->get(iLoc, jLoc), prop->vSquare,
MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, (k+1) % prop->PZ, proc->zAxisComm);//, &req);
}
PL();
}
}
}
/**
* @brief scatters tile-col (k+1) to all processors as A10 for next iteration
*
* @note This function has been refactored to allow for synchronous sends, which
* should lead to an increase in performance. Thus, the function now performs the
* following steps:
*
* 1.) the processor posts the receive statements for tiles in the next iteration's
* A00 that were reduced just before in reduceA11()
* 2.) If the processor participated actively in the reduction (i.e. performing it),
* then it distributes the tiles of the new A10 that it currently owns, as the
* first tile-column of A11, to the corresponding processors. If the processor
* owns the new A00, this tile is broadcasted
*
* @see algorithm 13 in algo description PDF
* @param k current iteration index (must not be changed)
* @param world the global communicator
*/
void scatterA11(const conflux::TileIndex k, const MPI_Comm &world)
{
// post receive statements for tiles to be scattered in this function, which
// will be the tiles in next iteration's A10
for (conflux::TileIndex iLocRecv = (k+1)/prop->P; iLocRecv < proc->maxIndexA10; iLocRecv++) {
conflux::TileIndex iGlobRecv = prop->localToGlobal(proc->rank, iLocRecv);
if (iGlobRecv <= k+1) continue;
if (iGlobRecv >= prop->Kappa) break;
// receive tile from A10 from scattering procedure
// the indices match the sends postet in the same round
PE(scatterA11_postIrecv);
conflux::ProcIndexPair2D owners = prop->globalToLocal(iGlobRecv, k+1);
conflux::ProcCoord zOwner = static_cast<conflux::ProcCoord>((k + 1) % prop->PZ);
conflux::ProcRank senderProc = prop->gridToGlobal(owners.px, owners.py, zOwner);
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Irecv(proc->A10->get(iLocRecv), prop->vSquare, MPI_DOUBLE, senderProc,
iLocRecv, world, &req);
proc->reqScatterA11[proc->cntScatterA11++] = req;
PL();
}
// we need to extract which processor owns the A00 tile of this round
conflux::ProcIndexPair2D rootProcessorPair = prop->globalToLocal(k + 1, k + 1);
conflux::ProcRank rootProcessorRank = prop->gridToGlobal(rootProcessorPair.px, rootProcessorPair.py, (k + 1) % prop->PZ);
// processor that owns next A00 has to copy the tile into its A00 buffer
if (proc->rank == rootProcessorRank) {
std::memcpy(
proc->A00,
proc->A11->get(rootProcessorPair.i, rootProcessorPair.j),
prop->vSquare * sizeof(double)
);
}
// only processors that participated actively in the reduction are scattering
conflux::ProcCoord pyScat = prop->globalToLocal(k+1, k+1).py;
if (proc->pz == (k + 1) % prop->PZ && proc->py == pyScat) {
conflux::TileIndex jLoc = prop->globalToLocal(k+1, k+1).j;
// is this loop boundary correct?
for (conflux::ProcCoord iLoc = k / prop->PX; iLoc < proc->maxIndexA11i; ++iLoc) {
// compute global index and skip or break loop if limits are exceeded
conflux::TileIndices globalTile = prop->localToGlobal(proc->px, proc->py, iLoc, jLoc);
// break if global index is too large, and skip new A00 and too small global indices
if (globalTile.i >= prop->Kappa) break;
if ((globalTile.i == k + 1 && globalTile.j == k + 1) || globalTile.i < k + 1 ) continue;
// send the A11 tiles that become A10 tiles in the next round
PE(scatterA11_sendNewA10);
conflux::ProcIndexPair1D A10pair = prop->globalToLocal(globalTile.i);
MPI_Ssend(proc->A11->get(iLoc, jLoc), prop->vSquare, MPI_DOUBLE,
A10pair.p, A10pair.i, world);
PL();
}
}
//MPI_Barrier(world);
// brodcast and receive A00 tile for next iteration
PE(scatterA11_bcast);
MPI_Request req;
if (proc->inBcastComm) {
conflux::GridProc rootCord = prop->globalToGrid(rootProcessorRank);
int newRoot = proc->isWorldBroadcast ? rootProcessorRank : rootCord.px + prop->PX * rootCord.pz;
MPI_Bcast(proc->A00, prop->vSquare, MPI_DOUBLE, newRoot, proc->bcastComm);
}
//proc->reqScatterA11[proc->cntScatterA11++] = req;
PL();
// wait for the scattering to be completed
// @TODO investigate if this still needed (maybe blocking broadcast)
PE(scatterA11_waitall);
MPI_Waitall(proc->cntScatterA11, &(proc->reqScatterA11[0]), MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
PL();
//MPI_Barrier(world);
}
/**
* @brief computes the Cholesky factorization of A
* @note This is the version with overlapping dgemm
*
* @pre The MPI environment was initialized, optimal execution parameters and
* processor grid was created, and the input matrix was distributed and exists
* in the designated buffers on all the processors.
* @post The matrix L is computed and exists, distributed among all the pro-
* cessors on the grid. This distribution is known, i.e. the matrix can be
* reconstructed entirely from the processors.
*/
void _parallelCholesky1()
{
// create shortcut for MPI_COMM_WORLD
MPI_Comm world = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
// in debug mode, write the matrix back into a file in every round
#ifdef DEBUG
std::stringstream tmp;
tmp << "data/output_" << prop->N << ".bin";
io->openFile(tmp.str());
#endif //DEBUG
/********************** START OF THE FACTORIZATION ***********************/
// We perform the factorization tile-column-wise, hence loop over tile cols
for (conflux::TileIndex k = 0; k < prop->Kappa; ++k) {
// reset the request counters
proc->cntUpdateA10 = 0;
proc->cntScatterA11 = 0;
proc->cntUpdateA10snd = 0;
/************************ (1) CHOLESKY OF A00 ************************/
// we only need to compute the cholesky factorization if
if (proc->inBcastComm) {
choleskyA00(k, world);
}
// return if this was the last iteration
if (k == prop->Kappa - 1){
// ... and dump the last A00 in DEBUG mode
#ifdef DEBUG
if (proc->rank == 0) {
io->dumpSingleTileColumn(k);
}
io->closeFile();
#endif // DEBUG
return;
}
/******************* (2-3) UPDATE A10, COMPUTE A11 *******************/
updateComputeA10(k, world);
// dump current tile column in DEBUG mode
#ifdef DEBUG
io->dumpSingleTileColumn(k);
#endif // DEBUG
/************************ (4) REDUCE A11 *****************************/
reduceA11(k, world);
if (prop->Kappa-k > 2) {
proc->updateBcastComm(prop->Kappa - k - 2);
}
/************************ (5) SCATTER A10, A00 ***********************/
scatterA11(k, world);
}
}
/**
* @brief computes the Cholesky factorization of A
* @note This is the version without overlapping.
*
* @pre The MPI environment was initialized, optimal execution parameters and
* processor grid was created, and the input matrix was distributed and exists
* in the designated buffers on all the processors.
* @post The matrix L is computed and exists, distributed among all the pro-
* cessors on the grid. This distribution is known, i.e. the matrix can be
* reconstructed entirely from the processors.
*/
void _parallelCholesky2()
{
// create shortcut for MPI_COMM_WORLD
MPI_Comm world = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
// in debug mode, write the matrix back into a file in every round
#ifdef DEBUG
std::stringstream tmp;
tmp << "data/output_" << prop->N << ".bin";
io->openFile(tmp.str());
#endif //DEBUG
/********************** START OF THE FACTORIZATION ***********************/
// We perform the factorization tile-column-wise, hence loop over tile cols
for (conflux::TileIndex k = 0; k < prop->Kappa; ++k) {
// reset the request counters
proc->cntUpdateA10 = 0;
proc->cntScatterA11 = 0;
/************************ (1) CHOLESKY OF A00 ************************/
choleskyA00(k, world);
// return if this was the last iteration
if (k == prop->Kappa - 1){
// ... and dump the last A00 in DEBUG mode
#ifdef DEBUG
if (proc->rank == 0) {
io->dumpSingleTileColumn(k);
}
io->closeFile();
#endif // DEBUG
return;
}
/************************ (2) UPDATE A10 *****************************/
updateA10(k, world);
// dump current tile column in DEBUG mode
#ifdef DEBUG
io->dumpSingleTileColumn(k);
#endif // DEBUG
/************************ (3) COMPUTE A11 ****************************/
computeA11(k, world);
/************************ (4) REDUCE A11 *****************************/
reduceA11(k, world);
if (prop->Kappa-k > 2) {
proc->updateBcastComm(prop->Kappa - k - 2);
}
/************************ (5) SCATTER A10, A00 ***********************/
scatterA11(k, world);
}
}
void conflux::parallelCholesky()
{
// decide whether to overlap or not
switch (prop->P) {
case 4:
if (prop->N >= 1<<16) {
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
} else {
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
}
break;
case 8:
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
break;
case 16:
if (prop->N == 1<<13 || prop->N == 1<<16) {
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
} else {
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
}
break;
case 32:
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
break;
case 64:
if (prop->N >= 1<<18) {
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
} else {
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
}
break;
case 128:
if (prop->N == 1<<14) {
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
} else {
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
}
break;
case 256:
if (prop->N >= 1<<18) {
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
} else {
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
}
break;
case 512:
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
break;
case 1024:
_parallelCholesky2(); // non-overlapping version
break;
default:
_parallelCholesky1(); // overlapping version
break;
}
}
| 0.485142
| 0.516172
| 3,119
| 12,511
| 225
| -1
|
Natural Language Processing
| false
|
99,716
|
github_open_source_100_2_8239
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
export interface ICancelScheduledValuesAutomationEvent {
readonly cancelTime: number;
readonly type: 'cancelScheduledValues';
}
//# sourceMappingURL=/build/es2019/interfaces/cancel-scheduled-values-automation-event.d.ts.map
| 0.337224
| 0.75823
| 3,626
| 14,421
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,717
|
bub_gb_Jg07AAAAcAAJ_32
|
French-PD-diverse
|
Public Domain
|
Le mystique Jean Faulks (mort en 1361) occupe également une place remarquable parmi les écrivains théologiques. Ses successeurs dans le siècle suivant furent Gayler de Kaysersberg à Strasbourg, le sévère et satirique Sebastian Brandt (né en 1468, mort en 1520) et Thomas Murner. Les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la mécanique, furent pareillement cultivées avec ardeur en Allemagne vers la fin de cette période, lie là plusieurs des plus importantes inventions. Ce qui avait empêché jusqu’alors le développement de la littérature prosaïque des Allemands, c’était principalement la rareté et la cherté des livres, l’organisation si déficiente des écoles, et enfin le monopole que les moines et les ecclésiastiques exerçaient dans les sciences. Mais à partir du quatorzième siècle, les institutions d’enseignement supérieur qu’on fonda partout (voyez Universités), et dès le quinzième siècle l’invention de l’imprimerie, eurent une influence si décisive sur la marche de la civilisation, qu’il faut en tenir de là une ère nouvelle pour la littérature. Ce n’est qu’à la faveur de l’imprimerie que put se développer cette littérature savante qui fait la gloire de l’Allemagne et qui repose nécessairement sur la facilité et l’universalité de l’échange des idées et des connaissances. Ces vastes progrès furent entendus d’ailleurs par la chute de l’empire d’Orient (1453), dont les savants se réfugièrent en Italie et répandirent de là les semences d’une nouvelle civilisation par la propagation du savoir antique. L’esprit de liberté que l’étude des langues anciennes éveilla dans les universités contribua puissamment à la direction que prirent les idées religieuses. Parmi les hommes qui, déjà avant l’époque de la réforme, s’ étaient distingués dans ces études, il faut nommer Rod. Agricola (né en 1442, mort en 1485), professeur à l’université de Heidelberg; Conrad Celtes (né en 1459). mort en 1508, le premier poète latin qu’ait eu l’Allemagne; l’historien Jean Trithème (né en 1469, mort en 1546), et surtout Reuchlin (en latin Capnio), professeur à Tubingue (né en 1454, mort en 1527); Ulrich de Hutten (né en 1485, mort en 1523) ; Mélanchton, Joachim Camerarius, et le célèbre Érasme, de Rotterdam. Enfin le rétablissement énergique de l’ordre et de la paix dans l’intérieur de l’Allemagne par Maximilien Ier, ce protecteur zélé des arts et des sciences, ainsi que l'affermissement de la constitution de l’empire, et un haut degré d'aisance, vinrent également contribuer au développement d’une plus vaste civilisation. Période de la littérature moderne, depuis la réforme jusqu’à nos jours. Jusqu’au commencement de la guerre de trente ans (ICI 8). Jusqu’ à la fin de la guerre de sept ans (1763). De là, jusqu’à nos jours. — 1° C’est de la Saxe électorale, pays si florissant, que partit l'impulsion immense qui devait mettre en action toutes les forces intellectuelles. Les vives disputes que les partisans de la réforme curent à soutenir, les portèrent à faire des études profondes tout en exerçant leur talent. À Luther, ce type du caractère de l’époque, qui prêcha avec tant de vigueur l’indépendance de l’esprit à l’égard des formes et des commandements arbitraires, et qui reproduisit dans sa langue les documents du christianisme avec tant de perfection qu’on l’a nommé, avec raison, le créateur de la prose allemande (quoique les traductions des classiques eussent déjà contribué à former le style), à Luther, disons-nous, se joignit le disciple de Reuchlin, le savant et aimable Melanchthon, et tandis que le premier agissait plus à la face du monde, en homme politique, son ami travaillait au même but, en silence, par l’amélioration des écoles, et la propagation des saines études. Les princes protestants, surtout les électeurs et les ducs de Saxe, aidèrent aux efforts de ces grands hommes en fondant des institutions d’enseignement, notamment des écoles préparatoires pour les universités (dès le milieu du seizième siècle) et des bibliothèques. Tandis que dans l’Allemagne catholique la science était en travée par des préjugés ecclésiastiques et par les jésuites, la théologie et la philosophie se donnaient amicalement la main dans les pays protestants, surtout en Saxe et à Wittenberg, qui était alors le foyer scientifique de l’électorat. Ce ne fut qu’après l’établissement dans l’église protestante d’un dogme plus positif et plus resserré que les études philologiques commencèrent à décliner (depuis le dix-septième siècle), et qu’une théologie scolastique et querelleuse reprit alors le dessus, balancée toutefois par la théologie et le mysticisme. Melanchthon avait tâché de remplacer par ses excellents manuels la barbarie de la philosophie de l’école. Ensuite on chercha à se rapprocher de la doctrine primitive des péripatéticiens. Dans le champ de l’histoire, dont le style eut de la peine à se former, la chronique de Carion, écrite en allemand (1832), excita un intérêt général ; elle fut même traduite en plusieurs langues ; l'histoire universelle de Sleidan, en latin, fut plus applaudie encore. Mais ce fut l’histoire spéciale des provinces que cultivèrent le plus grand nombre des écrivains. Dès le milieu du seizième siècle, on s'appliqua à recueillir les chroniques et les documents du moyen âge ; on commença aussi à étudier l’histoire étrangère, et les écrivains de Magdebourg firent preuve de zèle et d’exactitude. L'histoire littéraire fut créée, pour ainsi dire, par Conrad Gessner. En 1864, parut le premier catalogue des livres de la foire de Francfort. Les relations personnelles entre les savants étaient devenues plus fréquentes et plus intimes par l’établissement de sociétés savantes, et par des correspondances. — 2° La guerre de trente ans menaçait de détruire toute civilisation ; cependant les savants, bien que repliés dans les malheurs publics, et privés pour la plupart de tout appui et de leur existence pécuniaire, purent encore, dans une profonde et indigente retraite, se consoler par les jouissances de la littérature. La langue et la poésie allemandes fleurirent même et se perfectionnèrent, durant cette période désastreuse, par le talent des poètes dits de l'école silésienne : tels que Martin Opitz (1597 à 1639), Flemming, André Gryphius, et autres, et par l'établissement de plusieurs sociétés littéraires (celle de l’ordre des Palmes, dite la Féconde ; celles de l’ordre des Cygnes, de l’ordre des Fleurs des bergers de la Pegnitz, etc.) qui datent de ces temps. La paix de Westphalie (1648) n’en fut pas moins un bienfait immense pour l’Allemagne épuisée. Dans les divers états, surtout dans ceux de la réforme, les princes se disputèrent à l’envi la gloire de protéger la liberté des études et le développement de la pensée, au point qu’il serait difficile de la retrouver aussi large, aussi puissante chez aucun autre peuple; là, point de capitale qui s’érigeât en tribunal des progrès intellectuels. La liberté de l'esprit fut notablement protégée et favorisée en Prusse, puis en Pologne, où commençait alors à surgir. On se mit à philosopher sur des sciences séparées, par exemple, sur l’histoire, la jurisprudence, et on vit bientôt cette manière d’étudier exercer une influence heureuse sur la culture de l’histoire et des sciences accessoires, de même que sur celle du droit des gens et du droit privé. Hermann Conring, Samuel Pufendorf, sont de grands noms qui doivent être cités ici, de même qu’Othon Guercke, qui brille à la tête des physiciens allemands. Dans la théologie, domina le dogmatisme le plus absolu, contre lequel le piétisme de Spenser et de quelques autres hommes pieux exerça un contre-poids salutaire. — La littérature allemande avait toujours été tellement entravée par les circonstances, qu’à cette époque même la prose n’avait pas encore su acquérir une certaine indépendance. On sentit néanmoins alors le besoin d'une grammaire {voyez Langue allemande;}, et quelques savants, principalement le célèbre Daniel Georges Morhof (mort en 1691) et Juste-Georges Schottel, s’efforcèrent d’y satisfaire; de sorte que la langue allemande fut employée depuis Charles Thomassius à des discours purement scientifiques; mais elle restait toujours mêlée de mots étrangers, et surtout de mots latins et français. Quand l’influence politique de la France s’accrut, la manie d’entremêler l’allemand de mots français et de prendre les étrangers pour modèles augmenta encore. Le plus grand génie qui apparut alors parmi les Allemands, Leibnitz lui-même (1646-1716), aimait mieux s’exprimer en français que dans sa langue maternelle. De quelle importance ne furent donc pas les efforts de Wolf pour faire parler en allemand à la philosophie un langage intelligible. Cette philosophie fut cultivée par d’innombrables partisans, et critiquée par d’autres, par exemple, par Crusius; lutte qui contribua puissamment à seconder en Allemagne la formation d'une méthode plus sage de penser et d’écrire. L’académie des sciences de Berlin, fondée sous les auspices de Leibnitz, fit faire de grands progrès aux sciences mathématiques et naturelles. Partout on voulut des sociétés et des réunions littéraires se former. La librairie commença à devenir une branche importante du commerce, et des journaux consacrés à la critique s’élevèrent comme autant de tribunaux en faveur des sciences et des arts. La dégénérescence du système de Wolf dans ses applications aux sciences amena bientôt un vain amour des belles-lettres. Les Allemands semblèrent alors vouloir acquérir ce qui leur manquait encore, c’est à-dire la pureté et la légicologie dans leur langue maternelle. Alexandre Baumgarten, le fondateur de l’esthétique, et Gottsched (1700-1760), le puriste, qui voulait introduire le goût français d’une poésie et d’une prose souples, mais sans vigueur, furent les promoteurs de cette révolution intellectuelle. L’école de Gottsched (appelée celle de Leipzig) fut puissamment combattue par celle de Zurich, qui avait pour chefs Bodmer et Breitinger. Haller, Lessing, Gellert, J. E. Schlegel, donnèrent à leur langue maternelle de l'élan, de la facilité et de la grâce. En même temps, la vigueur du génie allemand fut dirigée vers l’étude de l’antiquité grecque par des philologues et des archéologues (Jean-Malville Gesner, Jean David, Michaelis, Jean-Antoine Ernesti, Christ, et d’autres), surtout depuis la fondation de l’université de Göttlingen. — 3° Tous ces efforts portèrent leurs fruits quand vint la troisième époque du siècle dont nous parlons, par les soins de Lessing, de Klopstock, de Winckelmann, de Heyne, des deux Stolberg, de Herder, et de Schiller, noms à jamais illustres, qui doivent. inspirer du respect à toute nation civilisée. — Le premier de ces savants, Lessing, doué d'un esprit vaste et d'une rare sagacité, combattit puissamment le goût français, qui était à la mode, et fonda une excellente école de critique. Frédéric Schlegel (dans le traité que nous venons de citer) dit de lui avec raison : « Son génie, sa sagacité, sa dialectique et sa spirituelle polémique, tout ce qui lui appartient et constitue son talent littéraire, resteront pour nous comme un exemple digne d'être imité tant que durera l'état actuel de la littérature. » — L'enthousiasme de Winckelmann pour l'antiquité et l'art, déposé dans un ouvrage immortal, et jeté comme le résultat énorme d'une philosophie sublime au milieu de la corruption et de la pauvreté du monde littéraire d'alors, est resté parmi les Allemands le modèle de ce qu'il y a de meilleur et de plus noble. Klopstock éleva la langue et la poésie allemandes par ses ouvrages vraiment immortels à une hauteur et à une richesse de développement qui sont caractéristiques, et qu'on avait cru impossibles jusqu'à lui. La littérature anglaise, par son immense influence sur l'Allemagne, coopéra puissamment à ce résultat. C'est surtout la traduction de l'esprit géant, de Shakespeare, « qui donna l'impulsion première. » Les connaissances humaines dans lesquelles les Allemands se distinguèrent le plus à cette époque sont : 1° la théologie (depuis Michaelis et Ernst, Mosheim, Reinhard, Schleiermacher, de Welle) ; 2° et surtout la philosophie métaphysique (voy. article Philosophie allemande), qui fut poussée si avant par les idées de François-Henri Jacobi, par celles de Kant, de Fichte, de Schelling, etc. ; 3° la philologie (qu'on se souvienne des travaux de Heyne, Wolf, Hermann, Bockh, etc.) ; 4° l'histoire, dans laquelle il nous suffit de citer les immortels travaux de Jean de Müller, Wollmann, Schrockh, Schmidt, Eichhorn, Heeren, Zehocke, Manso, Dohm, Niebuhr, Luden, Plistler, etc. ; 5° la mythologie (Voss, Creuzer, Kammerer, etc.). Les esprits originaux que l'Allemagne produisit à cette époque sont sans nombre ; aucun peuple n'en saurait citer une aussi grande quantité ; chacune nation a composé un ensemble d’une aussi vaste étendue. On reproche cependant, et peut-être non sans raison, à la littérature moderne, de ne choisir trop souvent la forme pour le fond et de passer d'un extrême à l’autre. En général, la science pure prédomine chez les Allemands sur l’art de l’exposition. Chez nous, la solidité et la profondeur de l’esprit ne s’accordent guère avec l’art de traiter légèrement un sujet. Nous voyons les lecteurs à l’ouvrage de ma dame de Staël sur l’Allemagne, et au jugement d’un Anglais sur la littérature allemande inséré dans le cinquantième numéro de l'Edinburgh Review, pour connaître les opinions sur cette littérature de deux étrangers compétents. Essayer d’apprécier l’époque la plus récente de la littérature allemande est une entreprise périlleuse. Car, quelles que brillantes ou insignifiantes d’ailleurs qu’aient été ses productions, nous les avons vues de nos propres yeux il n’a pas longtemps, et nous nous trouvons encore plus ou moins sous leur influence. Oui, bien sûr, ce qui s’est offert à nous, ce qui a pris la direction prédominante dans le monde littéraire pendant ces dernières années, nous nous contenterons de ne donner que notre opinion personnelle, et nous le ferons avec la ferme intention de n’offenser aucun amour-propre. N’oubliant pas que toute littérature réfléchie, jusqu’à un certain point, son époque, nous admettrons d’abord que les événements des derniers temps ne sont pas restés sans influence sur la littérature. Les littérateurs à venir, à moins que tout ne nous trompe dans nos prévisions, devront, à dater de l'année 1813, époque de la délivrance du joug étranger, commencer une nouvelle époque dans l’histoire littéraire du peuple allemand. C’est pour cette raison que nous considérons à cette époque pour chercher l’origine des fils qui ont, pendant le cours de ces quelques années, formé la structure actuelle de la littérature du jour. De même que le malheur fait rentrer l'individu en lui-même, ainsi les peuples allemands, pendant qu’ils gémissaient sous un joug supportable, apprirent à se connaître et à voir ce que leur situation avait d’insuffisant, mieux qu’ils n’auraient pu le faire dans une suite non interrompue d’années de bonheur. Ce fut alors que ce besoin, vague mais senti, d’une amélioration de leur sort, les réunit tous dans un même désir d’abord, et ensuite dans un même effort, lorsque l’heure de la délivrance eut sonné. Mais, dès que le joug fut secoué, et qu’on se demanda ce que l’on avait réellement voulu, et ce que l’on avait négligé, on s’aperçut que, quelque accord qu’on eût misé souhaiter un changement, néanmoins cet accord n’existait plus quant à la nature de ce changement, et qu’en fait, toutes les opinions étaient divergentes. Il résulta de là que, pendant que les uns voulaient faire disparaître toutes les entraves de l’esprit, les autres lui commandaient, au contraire, de se fléchir aveuglément sous le sceptre du positif, et que, pendant que les uns évoquaient l’esprit d’un système qui avait péri, les autres cherchaient à réaliser quelque chose de nouveau, et à formuler ce qui n’était encore que vaguement pressenti. Enfin, si l'arrivée cipale, tandis que, d’un côté, on raillait jusqu'à l’effronterie tout ce qui se rattache à la religion, de l'autre, la superstition édifiait de nouveaux autels à ses idoles. Il est donc naturel de penser que ce désaccord dans les opinions a laissé son empreinte sur le Caractère de la littérature, et lui donner une allure décidée ; or, ce caractère et cette inclinaison ne pouvaient être que ceux d’une protestation vive et animée. Aussi les efforts qu’on a faits pour empêcher, à l'aide de la plus odieuse censure, l'expression haute et franche de l’opinion, ont-ils échoué devant l'effritement de la pensée, et devant la Conviction profonde qu'on s’était faite que penser n'était point un privilège paisible, et le Dogme de la foi chrétienne non, mais bien un droit appartenant à tout le monde; qu'en un mot, ce droit impressement exposé, pour la première fois, les doctrines de l’église évangélique sans interpeller maîtrise dogmatique, a dû y mettre le plus soigneusement avec sceau. D’un autre côté, tous les auteurs clairvoyants protestants se sentaient à cette époque que toute perturbation à redoubler de vigilance pour combattre la puissance du catholicisme, qui et qu'elle s’efforçait toujours de fixer l’idée et qu'elle allait croissant de plus en plus. Pour attirer ce but, on insista de plusieurs points de vue de la hauteur duquel l’état actuel de la littérature allemande s’offre protestante (par exemple, Schleiermacher, et d’autres), et, sous ce rapport, nous allons pas il y eut beaucoup de bonnes choses d'être en revue chacune de ses branches en effet. Pendant que quelques-uns prennaient soin de l'extérieur de l’église, d’autres cherchaient à en perfectionner l'intérieur ou la science. Dans le champ de la théologie, la lutte entre le rationalisme et le surnaturalisme a conduit Gesenius, Bretschneider, Umbreit, Justi, et les écrivains pratiques, tels que Auguste-Louis Kohler et Frédéric-Auguste Klein, à élever la médiation à un véritable art. Néanmoins, cette lutte n'avait point franchi les limites de l'école, tandis que hors de ces limites, la pensée subit l'influence du temps. Non seulement ces limites, le mysticisme et le fanatisme se contentaient de plusieurs questions de droit de chasse, qui échauffaient les esprits, et que l'on était légitimement amené de leur opposer une résistance séculaire de la contrefaçon des livres, de la liberté de la presse, de la navigation des fleuves, etc. — Nous rappellerons ici à nos lecteurs les écrits qui furent soulevés et fortement discutés sur les thèses de Garnish et les cours merveilleuses du prince de Hohen, demandant la réforme complète de l'organisation judiciaire, et qui ne constituent pas moins de vingt traités, grands ou petits. Il ne peut échapper à l'œil de l'observateur que cette tendance d'une grande publicity de l'administration de la justice, partie des contemporains, vers le mysticisme. Ici comme ailleurs, le combat entre les partisans de l'Ordre établi et les innovateurs ne tarda pas à s'engager, et se manifesta encore bien que d'une manière obscurément dans cette occasion. Parmi les écrits imitistes, comme l'a fait Exvald dans ses lettres sur le mysticisme ancien et le mysticisme moderne, nous signale l'ouvrage de Feuerbach intitulé: Mysticisme moderne. 25. By Google ALL (38!) ALL Les travaux de Savigny, Hugo, Eichhorn, Goeschén et autres, lui donnèrent un grand éclat, et la mirent en vogue. Que si elle fut employée trop souvent à faire l'éloge de tout ce qui était ancien et à perpétuer un certain pédantisme, on ne peut néanmoins qu'admettre qu’elle n’ait conduit à une intelligence plus profonde des anciennes législations encore existantes, et à faciliter la tâche d’en séparer les parties qui ne conviennent plus à l’époque actuelle. Le développement législatif du droit criminel fit en même temps de grands progrès, par les écrits de Klein, de Feuerbach, de Grolmann, et de Mittermaier. Un grand nombre de manuels d'encyclopédie et de méthodologie, parmi lesquels on distingue ceux de Hugo, de Falck et de Venninp, vinrent en outre faciliter l'étude de la jurisprudence. — La philosophie, qui ne s’était fatiguée que trop longtemps à renverser d’anciens systèmes, et à en produire de nouveaux, obéit à la voix du siècle et sort des bornes de l’école pour entrer dans la réalité, après avoir trouvé des objets dignes de son activité dans l’état et l’église. Copyright (c) 2022 Google. Le formalisme sans vie d'une école antérieure avait depuis longtemps cessé de suffire, et les artifices de la dialectique ne purent plus convenir à une époque qui n'avait appris à apprécier la spéculation que dans son rapport immédiat avec la vie. Voir l'article Philosophie allemande. Un plus grand succès fut le parti pris des écrits qui, dans le champ de la politique, et dans un langage dégagé des formes de l'école, quoique rédigés en général sous l'influence des idées du moment, combattaient un parti quelconque. Quoique beaucoup de ces écrits aient pu troubler ou révolter l'esprit non préoccupé, et quoique très peu aient survécu à l'époque qui les vit naître, ils ont tous néanmoins, sans exception, le mérite d'avoir contribué à cette lutte perpétuelle entre les opinions opposées, sans laquelle, d'après notre conviction, rien de grand ne saurait prospérer. Qu'on se rappelle le J a Science de la restauration par Ch L. de Haller, écrivain qui avait la prétention d'exterminer une erreur fondamentale politique de deux cents ans, comme il l'appelait, et cette foule de répliques foudroyantes de Krug, Tischner, Troxler et autres, dans lesquelles les idées libérales combattirent avec tant de supériorité les partisans du système rétrograde. Plus il était facile dans une telle querelle de perdre de vue la chose essentielle et d’oublier l'ensemble dans les détails, plus il était désirable que l'idée de l'état dans tous ses rapports fût reprise et exposée. Cette exposition nous a été offerte par Ch. L. Zacharäus dans ses quarante livres de l'État. — Tandis qu'on s'efforçait d'approfondir les sources de l'histoire d'Allemagne, d'autres monuments de l'antiquité allemande étaient explorés avec un zèle actif. Luden et Pistor, dans leurs Histoires des Allemands, ont commencé à nous rendre à ce sujet de grands services. Pendant que Frédéric Saalfeld nous dépeignait avec circonspection l'époque contemporaine, le moyen âge, souvent calomnié, mais dont quelques écrivains désirent si imprudemment le retour, trouva, dans Henri Luden, un écrivain qui le représenta sous ses véritables couleurs. L'histoire générale fut traitée par Luden, Frédéric Chrétien Schlosser et Charles de Roten. Wilken réussit à jeter un nouveau jour sur la période des croisades. L'histoire ancienne ne fut pas non plus négligée ; E. Ritter et Frédéric de Raumer s'y sont fait une réputation méritée. Kosegarten, Othon Frank, François Bopp et L. Dursch. Enfin, les travaux de Gesinus, Hammer et Görges dans les langues orientales ont doté la littérature allemande d’une foule d’ouvrages critiques et historiques d’une haute importance. Poésie allemande. C’est aussi dans leur poésie que le caractère des Allemands se manifeste par une profondeur pleine d’esprit et de sentiment, qui s’exprime dans un langage riche, énergique, harmonieux et susceptible de toutes les formes. Son origine, plus ancienne, comme partout ailleurs, que celle de la prose, date de ces temps où les autres langues modernes, ou n’existait pas encore, ou n’avaient pas encore émigré en Europe, ou étaient ensevelies dans une nuit profonde. Nous adopterons, comme dans l’article sur la littérature allemande qu’on vient de lire, la division de trois époques distinctes pour l’histoire de sa poésie. Les chants des anciens poètes germains, dont parle Tacite, et appelés vulgairement, quoique improprement, chants des Bardes, ont péri. Ils remplàçaient, chez un peuple ignorant dans l’art d'écrire, les annales et les chroniques, et servaient à perpétuer la mémoire des héros et des princes. On a conjecturé, mais il n’est cependant pas prouvé, que ces chants sont ceux que Charlemagne fit recueillir. Mais on n’a rien conservé de ces vénérables monuments, à moins qu'on ne veuille y comprendre le fragment du chant d’Hildebrand, que les frères Grimm ont publié d’après un manuscrit de Cassel (Cassel, 812). Après l'introduction du christianisme en Allemagne, et principalement depuis Charlemagne, la poésie allemande ne nous présente guère que des versions et des paraphrases tirées de la Bible : la plus grande partie de ces poésies n’ont de valeur que comme monuments de la langue. L’Harmonie des Évangiles, par Ottfried, écrite en petites strophes rimées de quatre lignes, et qui date du temps de Louis le Germanique, est le plus remarquable de tous ces poèmes. Le premier poème allemand, qu’on puisse citer, célèbre la victoire remportée en 881 sur les Normands par Louis III, roi des Francs de l’ouest ; on a encore conservé des temps de l’empereur Henri IV un hymne en dialecte du Bas-Rhin en l’honneur de saint Anno, archevêque de Cologne, et gouverneur de cet empereur. Tous les autres poèmes dont nous venons de parler sont écrits en haut allemand, et surtout en dialecte de Franconie. Le règne des empereurs de la dynastie de la maison de Souabe occupe la première partie de cette époque, qui fut la période vraiment florissante de la poésie stein, Godefroi de Strasbourg, et l’un des troubadours, nommée communément la plupart de ces troubadours (en allemand dans l’histoire de la poésie l’âge de la Minnesängers) se sont bornés à chanter l’amour et leurs maîtresses dans des vers de la maison de Souabe, que parce que pleins de charme, de tendresse, de profondeur, et la plupart et les plus distingués des poètes de cette période étaient d’origine emprennés d'un enthousiasme romantique, et que l’idiome de Souabe, alors le plus cultivé et le plus riche, ne sont pas exempts d'une certaine sensualité qui les déparse. Plusieurs d’entre eux ont écrit de grands poèmes épiques. Le bien-être croissant de l’Allemagne, les progrès de sa civilisation, la richesse de la patrie ou de l’étranger. Ces travaux ont été foulement fournis par l'historiographie. connaissance plus exacte de l'Italie et de conditions nationales, empruntées en partie à la France, principalement de la Provence, à l’histoire du paganisme, appartiennent à la terre si éminemment poétique; les croisades aux orages et aux expéditions de la grande sagesse, qui donnèrent à l’esprit chevaleresque migration des peuples. Attila, roi des Huns et Théodoric, rois des Goths si auguste et romantique; le noble patronage de Bern, sont les héros accordés aux arts par la maison de Hohenstaufen, et une foule d’autres circonstances favorables, contribuèrent au détree. Les poèmes de cette sphère de développement rapide et magnifique de la nation sont : la grande épopée nationale, œuvre d’un poète inconnu, mais digne d’une gloire éternelle; les empereurs et les princes allemands répétaient à l’environ les chants des troubadours; ils charmaient leurs cours par les chansons de la poésie chevaleresque; et les poèmes des poètes indigènes ou étrangers, contenus dans le Livre des héros, ou concours poétiques ouverts dans leurs terres de différents poètes. — Les sujets des châteaux formaient une agréable diversion empruntée aux traditions étrangères sont des emprunts aux tournois. — L’exemple donné pour la plus grande partie d'origine provinciale, par les princes fut imité par les chevaliers venus de la Franco, ou de la Germanie, et la poésie entra de cette manière dans l’ancienne Bretagne; ce sont, par exemple, comme substance essentielle dans la poésie, les traditions de Charlemagne et de la Table Ronde du roi Arthur, du sang royal, c’est-à-dire du Nibelungenlied; l’ère des Minnesänger, ce qui veut dire chanteurs de l’amour, commence par ce fait dans lequel notre Sauveur fit la saignée, Henride et le Nibelungenlied (1170); on connaît la scène, et qui, quelques jours plus tard, donna les noms de près de trois cents poètes qui reçurent son sang. — Parmi les poèmes de ce court espace de temps, on distingue ceux chantés l’amour, les femmes, l’honneur principalement: le Margrave de Narbonne et les ordres chevaleresques. Une collée bonne, par Wolfram d'Eschenbach ; en tradition de ces chansons, faite en 1313 par suite Titurel et Parcival, du même style que le chevalier Rüdiger de Manessa, natif de Zurich, en contient cent quarante-deux bourgs ; Iwein, par Hartmann von Aue (publiées par Bodmer et Breitinger, Zurich, etc.). On traite aussi la fable et l'histoire riche, 1758-50, deux volumes in-4°). L’histoire ancienne, mais dans le goût moderne. On compte au nombre de ces poésies le Lied, par Hermann von Vellefeld, d'Ofterdingen, Hartmann de Velleding, et la Guerre de Troie, par Aue, Ulrich de Lichtenslein, par Conrad de Wurtzbourg. Avec Roland de Haliburton, à l'époque où, dans le siècle des Maîtres de la guerre, une guise du droit du seigneur fort qui le suivit, disposition extrêmement prononcée pour commencer ou en Allemagne la décadence de la chevalerie proprement dite, ainsi que qu’on ne retrouve plus parmi les Allemands de cette poésie qui lui fut particulière et commandée à aucune autre époque; elle se caractérise qui ne saurait être séparée, tant sous le nom de HansSAuf than que sous la forme particulière de plaisir de voix à la période où les chants spérimentaux pleins de bonne humeur, et pour troubadours et la poésie chevaleresque, tant de cette verdeur qui était le propre se modifiaient. Meistergesang (chants des maîtres) et en poésie bourgeoise de cette disposition populaire, nous de citer quelques poèmes didactiques et satiriques vous citerons l'Espiègle (Eulenspiegel). — Parmi d'autres remarquables, parmi lesquels nous devons être rapportés, commençons principalement le Coursier, par Hugo d'Innsbruck (vers 1300), et les faits remarquables, les essais originaux de la littérature de Bonn, intitulées la Partie presque toute consacrée à la littérature dramatique des Allemands (de cette époque, vers 1924), la poésie épique de puis le milieu du quinzième siècle, dont nous sommes redevables à l'école des vieux maîtres de la chevalerie, notamment des Maîtres de Nuremberg, avant les poèmes en prose. Thomas Werne; le FASTULUM AQUATORIALIS Au quatorzième et le quinzième siècle, sous le règne de Bolenhagen, et de Fischart, composaient des vers et de la musique était le passe-temps de l’Allemagne. On est devenu un besogne pour le peuple allemand. C'est ce qui donna naissance à une poésie populaire répandue dans toutes les classes, et qui finit par faire disparaître en quelque façon les poésies sans génie et purement mécaniques des chœurs. — Au dix-huitième siècle, l’érudition toujours croissante et la ruine du bien-être matériel nuisirent sensiblement à la poésie. À cette époque (quinzième et seizième siècle), les poèmes épiques commencèrent aussi à devenir allégoriques et historiques, comme on le voit par le Teufelsdröck, de Melusine Pfifzing, qui prend pour héros Maiwald I", et à subir la forme prosaïque, dégénérescence qui produisit ce que nous appelons à présent le roman. Les grands poèmes romantiques avaient déjà donné naissance à de moindres poèmes, appelés romances et ballades. Ils engendrèrent également les livres populaires allemands : la Metamorphose, Magdalene et beaucoup d’autres, qui ont fait les délices du peuple jusqu’à nos jours. Il y en a quelques-uns d’originaux, comme le célèbre conte intitulé : l’Espagnole Titl. III. Dans la troisième époque de la poésie allemande, apparaît à nos yeux l’héroïque figure du grand Luther, de ce poète dont les paroles sont des batailles. Une ère nouvelle commença lorsque l’époque romantique eut disparu ; c’est de ce temps que date la poésie moderne, à la tête de laquelle nous voyons le respectable Martin Opitz de Böberfeld (né à Bunzlau en 1579, mort en 1651), contemporain de ce qu’en poésie l’on appelle l’école silésienne. Rodolphe Weckherlin fut son énergique précurseur (1564-1651). . L'épopée "nationale" allemande était tombée dans l'oubli depuis que la vie politique et civile s'était développée en opposition complète à celle des anciens temps chevaleresques. Le poète se trouvant donc borné presque exclusivement à la poésie lyrique, les savants lui montrèrent les modèles de l'antiquité classique. Les Allemands commencèrent dès lors à prendre pour modèles dans leur poésie des classiques, ou ceux que l'on croyait tels, principalement les Français et les Hollandais, et la manie d'imitation fut poussée jusqu'à imiter des imitateurs. La période pendant laquelle dura cette galamanie nous montre la poésie allemande dans son plus grand avilissement ; elle se compose de la première moitié du dix-huitième siècle. Pendant cette période, beaucoup d'Allemands composèrent leurs poésies en latin, Jacques Balde, par exemple (1003-1602). Plusieurs poètes de distinction, qui ont écrit leurs compositions en allemand, nous ont également laissé des vers latins ; tels sont : Paul Flemming, Dach et plusieurs autres. Opitz, en admettant la quantité pour les syllabes au lieu de les compter, et en établissant un style poétique à part, devint le père de la poésie moderne allemande ; son talent poétique fut assez fécond pour animer et enrichir la poésie allemande ; sa manière fut caractéristique. Ses poèmes lyriques sont ce qu'il a composé de meilleur. Au nombre de ses ingénieux successeurs, parmi lesquels beaucoup sont connus par des poésies ascétiques, doivent être comptés Paul Flemming (1606-1640), Simon Dach (1605-1659), A. Tscherning (1611-1659). Paul Gerhard (1606-1616), Frédéric de Logau (1604-1655), A. Gryphius (1616-1646), Jean Rist (1607-1667), Georges-Philippe Harsdorfer et Jean Klai, fondateur de l’ordre des Fleurs. À cette même époque remonte la fondation d’une foule de sociétés poétiques, telle que la société fructifiante (die Fruchtbritigende), établie en 1616 par le prince Louis d’Anhalt, celle de l'ordre des Fleurs des bergers de la Pegnitz, établie en 1644 à Nuremberg, et qui existe encore aujourd’hui sous le même nom, ainsi que une foule d’autres, dont l’existence prouve les efforts communs faits pour constituer un centre d’action à la cour et à la poésie. Cependant l’esprit de la plupart de ces sociétés dégénéra en purisme mesquin et en affectation. L’importance politique de l’Allemagne ayant de beaucoup diminué depuis la guerre de trente ans, par suite de la supériorité de la France, la poésie allemande retomba de toute hauteur à laquelle elle était parvenue, en raison même des efforts faits pour la perfectionner par l’imitation des étrangers. L’est vers ce but que se dirigèrent les travaux de Chr. Hoffmann, de Hoffmanns-Waldau (1618-1679), poète plein d’esprit, mais manquant de sentiment, qui chercha à introduire la manière de Marine et des poètes du même genre. Il fut admiré de ses contemporains. Mais la poésie était déjà avilie au point de n’être plus qu’un objet de parure sans valeur réelle, qu’un masque mensonger. Elle ne consistait qu’en une fade durée de tableaux faits pour receler la fausseté et le vide du cœur, et on y remplaçait le sentiment par une sensiblerie doucereuse, insupportable. C’est dans cette fausse direction que vint échouer le grand talent poétique de Daniel-Gaspard de Lohenstein (1655-1683). Ce pendant on ne peut nier que ce poète n’ait eu du feu, et qu’il n’ait possédé à un haut degré le maniement de sa langue. On ne saurait, toutefois, excuser sa manière de surcharger ses sujets, d’aller à la recherche des antithèses, l’enflure de son style, enfin son absurde prédilection pour le sophisme. S’il avait existé de ce temps-là un théâtre national allemand, il est probable que son talent dramatique se serait développé d’une manière plus satisfaisante. Son roman d’Arminius et de Thusnelda, qui repose sur des idées patriotiques, réunit à la vigueur la plus rare les preuves les plus tranchées de la dégénérescence d’une époque préoccupée d’illusions à l’égard de la littérature étrangère. Ses imitateurs se perdirent dans une enflure boursouflée et dans une pitoyable sensiblerie : de ce nombre furent Henri Anselme de Zielger (1663-1697), auteur de Asiatische Frauen; Barthold Feind, et plusieurs autres. Ce que produisit de meilleur la poésie de cette époque, ce sont les chansons spirituelles que nous devons à la plupart des poètes que nous venons de citer. — Cette forme, ou plutôt cette difformité de la poésie dura jusqu’au milieu du dix-huitième siècle. Quelques critiques, pourtant, tels que Dwenick, la combattirent avec esprit. Nous voici arrivés à une époque de poésie cyclique, fade et sans nerf. On ne concevrait guère comment on a pu trouver du goût aux poésies du baron de Canitz (1654-1699), de Neukirch, de Besser, etc., si l’on ne connaissait pas à quel petit nombre d’objets se trouvait alors bornée la direction prise par la culture intellectuelle des Allemands. Il n’y eut réellement que Gunther, poète plein de génie, qui ne périt point dans le vide de son temps. Mais bientôt cet état de marasme de la poésie cessa dans un combat soutenu longtemps avec le dernier acharnement d’une part par Gottsched et ses nombreux sectateurs, partisans de la prétendue pureté et des sensibleries larmoyantes de la poésie française, de l’autre par les Suisses Bodmer et Breitinger, défenseurs des modèles de l'antiquité classique et des Anglais. La victoire finit par rester du côté de Bodmer et Breitinger, grâces aux poésies pleines de vigueur et fécondes en idées d’Albert Haller, qui, pendant le combat, vint au secours de ses compatriotes. L’école de Gottsched se recruta par contre de l’association qui se forma à Leipzig entre de jeunes poètes et des auteurs dont quelques-uns doivent être appelés les précurseurs de l’âge d’or de la poésie allemande, tels que J. A. Cramer, par exemple (mort en 1788), Ch. Furchtegger Gellert (mort en 1769), G. Guillaume Rabener (mort en 1770), Fr. Guillaume Gleim (mort en 1803), Ch. Fr. de Kleist; (mort en 1759), J. I. Uz (mort en 1796), Fr. Guillame Zacharie (mort en 1777), Frédéric de Hagedorn (mort en 1755), Salomon Gessner (mort en 1788), qui tous se distinguèrent par l’harmonie et la facilité de leur style poétique; et enfin Wieland, qui fit ce qu’on avait cru impossible jusqu’alors par la pureté pleine d’esprit et de grâces à la française qu’il donna à la poésie allemande. Mais l’homme qui à cette époque exerça la plus grande influence fut, sans contredit, Fr. G. Klopstock, créateur de l'une nouvelle langue poétique, et fondateur de la prosodie formée d'après celle de l’antiquité classique. Dans ses immortelles poésies, il s’éleva infiniment au-dessus de tout ce que l’Allemagne avait jusqu’alors admiré. À la même époque, Théophil-Ephraïm Leasing, le premier critique vraiment allemand qu’on eût encore vu, écrivait il un pouvoir absolu sur presque toutes les branches des arts et des sciences, et surtout sur le théâtre. La "transplantation" du "génie" de Shakespeare, qui eut lieu à cette époque pour la première fois, sur le sol germanique, détermina la direction que suivirent dès lors les plus grands esprits de l’Allemagne; et la pléiade poétique de Göttingue, composée de Bürger, Voss, Stolberg, etc., imprima plus d'énergie encore à la muse en lui faisant moduler les anciennes chansons populaires allemandes et anglaises. En général, l'esprit allemand, nourri de ce que l’ancien et le nouveau monde avaient produit de meilleur dans les arts et les sciences, suivit avec succès toutes les directions, sans toutefois perdre pour cela son centre national d’unité. Aucun genre de poésie ne fut négligé, et on eut inventé même de nouveau, par exemple, l'épopée champêtre. Pour désigner le plus haut degré de perfection qu’atteignit la littérature poétique germanique, il suffira de citer les noms de Herder, de Göethe et de Schiller. Si l’on passe en revue tout ce que ces trois héros de la poésie ont créé et effectué de sublime, on pourra être tenté de croire qu’en eux se trouve personnifiée l’histoire de grandes époques. La richesse et la flexibilité de la langue allemande atteignirent durant cette période leur dernier degré de perfection par les brillantes imitations qu’on fit des œuvres poétiques de presque toutes les langues connues de l'ancien et du nouveau monde. Les noms de Voss, d'Augustin-Guillaume Schlegel, de Gria, de Streckfuss et de Kannegesisser, rappellent dans ce genre les plus brillantes productions. Les bornes d’un aperçu comme celui-ci ne permettent pas d'énumérer en détail tout ce que la poésie allemande a produit dans chaque genre en particulier jusqu’à la fin du dix-huitième siècle. Nous renvoyons pour cela les lecteurs aux articles biographiques de ce dictionnaire qui y ont rapport. La décadence de la puissance et de la constitution de l'Allemagne, pendant qu’un empire voisin s’élevait chaque jour par quelque nouvelle victoire et menaçait de l’anéantir, ne pouvait pas rester sans influence sur la direction de la poésie, et sur l'art et la science en général. L'allemand, ébranlé de l'extérieur et au dedans, se voyant alors attaqué de toutes parts nationalité ta plus profonde, se réfugie d’un présent accablant dans la poétique antiquité de ses peuples, et cherche du soulagement et de la résignation dans les traditions, et dans les chants qui racontaient en témoins vivants ces âges depuis si longtemps écoulés, l'autre, répétant les échos du romantisme médiéval de Prouince, de l’Espagne, et du nord, ainsi se forma l'école nouvelle romantique que, qui dégénéra souvent, il est vrai, en une école excessive de l'antiquité répandue hautement mal au présent, et en une minauderie et une recherche exagérée des liens italiens, mais qui, néanmoins, dès son origine et en général a su, élargir, fortifier et purifier le goût. Parmi les romantiques modernes brillent surtout comme critiques les frères Schlegel et L. Tietz. Les apparitions les plus remarquables de la poésie allemande plus récente ont été directement ou indirectement influencées par la révélation qui s’opéra alors dans le goût, et qui fut produite par les hommes que nous venons de noter. Quant aux productions de l’esprit tout-à-fait originales de cette époque, il n'y a guère que celles de Jean-Paul Richter qui soient digne d’être signalées dans un spectre général de la poésie allemande. — On ne peut nier, à considérant l'état de cette poésie au commencement de notre siècle, qu’elle ne se soit arrêtée en quelque façon dans sa marche; on voit qu'elle se contente de couvrir à bâtir sur des fondations bases, et qu’elle s'efforce d’alonger des ailes déjà détachées. Il y a plus, la manie, de jour en jour plus forte, pour les productions de l'étranger, celle de réduire toutes les sciences en recueils encyclopédiques, et celle enfin des compilations ethnographiques de tout ce que l’ancien et le nouveau monde ont produit, montrent assez qu’elle est épuisée. Aussi, "Se demander aujourd'hui avec raison : que nous adviendra-t-il à présent en poésie? Quelques efforts dignes d’approbation ont été faits, il est vrai, et nous serions injustes si nous refusions d'avouer qu’il en est résulté beaucoup d'œuvres qui méritent la reconnaissance des amis des lettres, et qui peuvent, jusqu’à un certain point, survivre à notre temps ; mais qu’un aveuglement en notre propre ne nous fasse pas nier non plus des défauts essentiels dans ces productions, et gardons-nous de vouloir trouver quelque chose de sublime là où le jugement sage et impartial ne peut voir que des productions imparfaites et souvent blâmables. Il y a des époques dans l’histoire littéraire de sons les peuples où leur force productrice nous paraît presque morte, et où cette activité de l’esprit qui se manifeste par des productions originales est regardée comme éteinte. Dans des temps pareils, la force intellectuelle s’exerce d’ordinaire à reproduire sous d'autres formes ce qui existe déjà ; on l’examine au crible, quelquefois on l’accorde au goût du temps ; ce qui a vieilli, ce qu’on connaît moins, on le tire de l’obscurité, on le commente, on le refonde ; tout, le vieux comme le neuf, devient l'objet d’un jugement critique. Il semble qu'on peut mettre au nombre de ces époques celle où nous vivons, et que caractérisent les efforts encyclopédiques, la propagation et la réduction des ouvrages classiques en de grandes collections publiées en petit format et à bon marché, la manie de traduire, etc. L’esprit de l’homme ne peut et ne veut jamais se reposer : s’il n’est plus capable de créer quelque chose de nouveau, il veut au moins conserver ce qui existe déjà, et, l’examinant, en passant au crible, essayer de faire éurer du nouveau. Cela dure tant que l’on n'a pas tout fait perdre le sentiment de ce qu'il y a de meilleur. Nous nous en rapportons, pour toute preuve, à des faits connus de l’histoire antérieure allemande. Nous ne déciderons pas la question de savoir si une pareille époque nous attend incessamment, ou si elle est déjà arrivée ; mais il n’est que trop vrai qu’il faut aujourd'hui une grande force d'influence pour la détourner de nous longtemps encore, si toutefois c'est encore possible. Les produits de notre époque nous renvoient à cette quantité de productions poétiques qui, chaque année, pour le plaisir de la multitude des gens oisifs de l'Allemagne, sont publiés et offerts en journaux littéraires et almanachs.
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Literary Profiles
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250465_1
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Wikipedia
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CC-By-SA
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ဤသုတ်၌ (ဇရာ-စသည်တို့ဖြင့်) မလွှမ်းမိုးနိုင်သည့် တစုံတခုသောအရပ် မရှိနိုင်ပုံ၊ စိတ်နှလုံး၌ စူးဝင်နစ်မြုပ်နေသော ရာဂ-စသော ဆူးငြောင့်ကို နှုတ်ပယ်ပြီးသူသည် မပြေးသွားရတော့သူ (ဩဃလေးပါ၌) မနစ်မြုပ်ရတော့သူဖြစ်ပုံ၊ မိမိ၏ (ရာဂစသည်ကို) ငြိမ်းစေရန်ကျင့်သင့်ပုံ၊ ရဟန်းတော်များ ပြည့်စုံအောင် ကျင့်သုံးရမည့်တရား၊ ရှောင်ကြဉ်ရမည့်တရား၊ လွန်မြောက်နိုင်ခဲသောအရာ၊ ငြိမ်းအေးပြီးသူ၊ ပညာရှိသူ၊ မဂ်ဉာဏ်သို့ ရောက်ပြီးသူ၊ မပူဆွေး မကြံမှိုင်ရတော့သူ၊ လောက၌ မဆုံးရှုံး မဆုတ်ယုတ်သူ၊ စိုးရိမ်ပူပန်မှု မရှိသူ၊ အကျိုးအာနိသင်လေးပါးရသူ၊ အလုံးစုံသော အရာဌာနတို့၌ ဘေးမရှိသူ၊ စွန့်လွှတ်နိုင်သူတို့ကို ဟောတော်မူသည့်သုတ်။
ကိုးကား
ခုဒ္ဒကနိကာယ်.
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royalty biographies
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99,719
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github_open_source_100_2_8240
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
|
/*
**==============================================================================
**
** Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, Michael Brasher, Karl Schopmeyer
**
** Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
** copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
** to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
** the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
** and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
** Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
**
** The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
** all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
**
** THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
** IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
** FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
** AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
** LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
** OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
** SOFTWARE.
**
**==============================================================================
*/
#ifndef _cimple_Stack_h
#define _cimple_Stack_h
#include "config.h"
#include "Array.h"
CIMPLE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
template<class T>
class Stack
{
public:
Stack();
Stack(const Stack& x);
~Stack();
Stack& operator=(const Stack& x);
size_t size() const;
size_t empty() const;
void push(const T& x);
void pop();
const T& top() const;
T& top();
private:
Array<T> _rep;
};
template<class T>
inline Stack<T>::Stack()
{
}
template<class T>
inline Stack<T>::Stack(const Stack& x) : _rep(x._rep)
{
}
template<class T>
inline Stack<T>::~Stack()
{
}
template<class T>
inline Stack<T>& Stack<T>::operator=(const Stack& x)
{
_rep = x._rep;
return *this;
}
template<class T>
inline size_t Stack<T>::size() const
{
return _rep.size();
}
template<class T>
inline size_t Stack<T>::empty() const
{
return _rep.size() == 0;
}
template<class T>
inline void Stack<T>::push(const T& x)
{
_rep.append(x);
}
template<class T>
inline void Stack<T>::pop()
{
CIMPLE_ASSERT(_rep.size());
if (_rep.size())
_rep.remove(_rep.size() - 1);
}
template<class T>
inline const T& Stack<T>::top() const
{
CIMPLE_ASSERT(_rep.size());
return _rep[_rep.size() - 1];
}
template<class T>
inline T& Stack<T>::top()
{
CIMPLE_ASSERT(_rep.size());
return _rep[_rep.size() - 1];
}
CIMPLE_NAMESPACE_END
#endif /* _cimple_Stack_h */
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Data Structures
| false
|
99,720
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US-41321803-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Public Domain
|
Telephoto lens and telephoto lens apparatus having the same
ABSTRACT
A telephoto lens includes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having a positive refracting power, a second lens unit having a negative refracting power, a third lens unit having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit having a negative refracting power. The second lens unit has a cemented lens composed of a positive lens and a negative lens, and a negative lens. The fourth lens unit has a cemented lens composed of a negative lens and a positive lens, and a negative lens. The telephoto lens satisfies the following conditions:
ν d >80
−0.5> f 4 /f> −1.2
where ν d is an Abbe's number of a lens having a positive refracting power in the first lens unit, f 4 is a focal length of the fourth lens unit, and f is a focal length of the entire optical system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1) Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to an inner-focus type telephotolens that is most suitable for a digital camera and to a telephoto lensapparatus that is most suitable for a lens-exchange type digital camera.
[0003] 2) Description of Related Art
[0004] Conventionally, a number of inner-focus type telephoto lenseshave been proposed as exchangeable lenses used for single-lens reflexcameras for silver halide photography. This type of telephoto lens,which performs focusing from the infinity to the proximity by movinginner lenses alone while keeping the total length of the optical systemconstant, has been proposed by Japanese Patent Application PreliminaryPublication (KOKAI) No. Sho 55-147606, Japanese Patent ApplicationPreliminary Publication (KOKAI) No. 2000-89103, Japanese PatentApplication Preliminary Publication (KOKAI) No. Sho61-215513, etc. invarious configurations.
[0005] A telephoto lens as described in JP KOKAI No. Sho 55-147606 or JPKOKAI No.2000-89103 includes, in order from the object side, a firstlens unit having a positive refracting power, a second lens unit havinga negative refracting power, and a third lens unit having a positiverefracting power. This telephoto lens is configured to perform focusingby moving the second lens unit or the third lens unit. In addition, thefirst lens unit having a positive refracting power is composed of twopositive lenses and one negative lens.
[0006] Also, a telephoto lens as described in JP KOKAI No. Sho 61-215513includes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having apositive refracting power, a second lens unit having a negativerefracting power, a third lens unit having a positive refracting power,and a fourth lens unit having a negative refracting power. Thistelephoto lens is configured to perform focusing via the second lensunit having a negative refracting power and the fourth lens unit havinga negative refracting power, and is improved to keep good performance ina closer proximity.
[0007] On the other hand, in accordance with recent development ofdigital cameras, lens-exchangeable digital cameras have beencommercialized. Such a digital camera often employs, as its exchangelens, an optical system for silver halide photography as it is.
[0008] However, digital cameras having image pickup elements with muchgreater number of pixels have come on the scene in accordance withengineering improvement of image pickup elements. In order to match sucha high-definition image pickup element, optical systems also arerequired to have much higher resolution. Therefore, if an optical systemthat has been used for a conventional single-lens reflex camera forsilver halide photography is used as a telephoto lens for a digitalcamera having such a high-definition image pickup element, asufficiently high resolving power cannot be attained.
[0009] In addition, with the arrival of new users of digital cameras,requirement for performance has been much increased. To be specific,reduction of distortion, reduction of chromatic aberration, and,further, keeping of good performance in a closer proximity are required.
[0010] In this regard also, it is unsatisfactory to use an opticalsystem that have been used for a conventional single-lens reflex cameraas a telephoto lens.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention provides a telephoto lens that includes, inorder from the object side, a first lens unit having a positiverefracting power, a second lens unit having a negative refracting power,a third lens unit having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lensunit having a negative refracting power, wherein the second lens unitincludes a cemented lens composed of a positive lens and a negativelens, and a negative lens, the fourth lens unit includes a cemented lenscomposed of a negative lens and a positive lens, and a negative lens,and the telephoto lens satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2):
ν_(d)>80 (1)
−0.5>f ₄ /f>−1.2 (2)
[0012] where ν_(d) is an Abbe's number of a lens having a positiverefracting power in the first lens unit, f₄ is a focal length of thefourth lens unit, and f is a focal length of the entire optical system.
[0013] In addition, the present invention provides a telephoto lens thatsatisfies the following condition (3):
n _(d1) −n _(d2)>0.2 (3)
[0014] where n_(d1) is a refractive index of the positive lens andn_(d2) is a refractive index of the negative lens, in the cemented lensin the fourth lens unit.
[0015] Also, the present invention provides a telephoto lens thatincludes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having apositive refracting power, a second lens unit having a negativerefracting power, a third lens unit having a positive refracting power,and a fourth lens unit having a negative refracting power, wherein thefirst lens unit consists of at least two positive lenses and twonegative lenses.
[0016] These and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill become apparent from the following detailed description of thepreferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017]FIG. 1 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis.
[0018]FIG. 2 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theinfinity-focused condition in the first embodiment.
[0019]FIG. 3 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theproximity-focused condition in the first embodiment.
[0020]FIG. 4 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the second embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis.
[0021]FIG. 5 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theinfinity-focused condition in the second embodiment.
[0022]FIG. 6 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theproximity-focused condition in the second embodiment.
[0023]FIG. 7 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the third embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis.
[0024]FIG. 8 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theinfinity-focused condition in the third embodiment.
[0025]FIG. 9 are diagrams that show spherical aberration, curvature offield, distortion, and chromatic aberration of magnification under theproximity-focused condition in the third embodiment.
[0026]FIG. 10 is a diagram that shows a schematic configuration of asingle-lens reflex camera which uses the telephoto lens according to thepresent invention as a photographing lens.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Preceding the description of the embodiments, the functions ofthe present invention are explained.
[0028] Condition (1) of the present invention regulates an Abbe's numberof a lens having a positive refracting power in the first lens unit ofthe telephoto lens according to the present invention.
[0029] Since aberrations generated in the first lens unit with apositive refracting power are magnified to affect aberration performanceon the image plane, it is necessary to sufficiently compensate foraberrations (especially for chromatic aberration) inside the first lensunit. Therefore, it is preferred that a lens having a positiverefracting power in the first lens unit satisfies Condition (1) asaccording to the present invention. Whereby, generation of chromaticaberration can be suppressed.
[0030] In addition, it is much preferred that the first lens unit has aplurality of lenses each having a positive refracting power, of which aplurality of lenses satisfy Condition (1). Whereby, since a plurality oflenses each having a positive refracting power are arranged, variousaberrations can be more easily compensated for while chromaticaberration, which is easily generated in the first lens unit, iscompensated for.
[0031] Condition (2) of the present invention regulates a ratio of thefocal length of the fourth lens unit, which has a negative refractingpower, to the focal length of the entire optical system.
[0032] In a configuration where the second lens unit includes a cementedlens composed of a positive lens and a negative lens, and a negativelens, chromatic aberration of magnification can be favorably compensatedfor, in particular. In addition, generation of various aberrations inthe second lens unit can be suppressed.
[0033] In addition, in a configuration where the fourth lens unit of thepresent first invention has a cemented lens composed of a negative lensand a positive lens, and a negative lens and satisfies Condition (2),off-axial aberrations, in particular, curvature of field, generated inthe first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the third lens unit thatare configured as described above can be compensated for.
[0034] If the lower limit value of Condition (2) is not reached, thenegative refracting power of the fourth lens unit becomes weak, to makeit difficult to compensate for curvature of field. On the other hand, ifthe upper limit value of Condition (2) is exceeded, the negativerefracting power of the fourth lens unit becomes strong and accordinglythe optical system becomes susceptible to decentration, to causedifficulty of manufacturing.
[0035] In addition, according to the present invention, it is muchpreferred that the following condition (3) is satisified:
n _(d1) −n _(d2)>0.2 (3)
[0036] where n_(d1) is a refractive index of the positive lens andn_(d2) is a refractive index of the negative lens, in the cemented lensin the fourth lens unit.
[0037] Condition (3) regulates a difference of refractive index in thecemented lens.
[0038] If the lower limit value of Condition (3) is not reached, it isdifficult to compensate for curvature of field that is generated throughthe first lens unit to the third lens unit.
[0039] If the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are configuredas described above, compensation for aberrations such as chromaticaberration and distortion can be favorably achieved.
[0040] Also, it is preferred that a telephoto lens includes, asaccording to the present invention, in order from the object side, afirst lens unit having a positive refracting power, a second lens unithaving a negative refracting power, a third lens unit having a positiverefracting power, and a fourth lens unit having a negative refractingpower, wherein the first lens unit consists of at least two positivelenses and two negative lenses. In this configuration, axial chromaticaberration can be favorably compensated for in comparison with theconfiguration of the first lens unit including two positive lenses andone negative lens as in the telephoto lens set forth by JP KOKAI No. Sho55-147606 or JP KOKAI No. 2000-89103.
[0041] In addition, it is much preferred that the first lens unit havinga positive refracting power consists of, in order from the object side,a negative lens, two positive lenses and a negative lens.
[0042] The first lens unit having a positive refracting power isrequired to be configured in such a manner as to converge a beam of rayswhile generating as small aberrations as possible. Therefore, generationof not only axial chromatic aberration but also off-axial aberrationscan be made small in a configuration where, as in the present invention,the first lens unit having a positive refracting power consists of, inorder from the object side, a negative lens, two positive lenses and anegative lens.
[0043] Also, according to the present invention, a telephoto lensconfigured as stated above can prevent degradation of performance infocusing using the second lens unit. Specifically, where the second lensunit is configured to move toward the image side while at least thefirst lens unit being fixed, an inner-focus type system is formed, toprevent dust from being entrapped during focusing.
[0044] In a case where focusing is performed using the second lens unitand the fourth lens unit, curvature of field can be compensated for ingood condition from the infinity to the proximity. In this case, if thefirst lens unit and the third lens unit are to be fixed, the totallength of the optical system is kept constant during focusing and thefocusing can be performed with little fluctuation of aberrations whilethe number of moving lens units being limited to two.
[0045] Regarding the moving manner of the lens units in focusing towardthe proximity, if the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are tobe moved toward the image side, an amount of movement of the lens unitscan be made small.
[0046] In a case where focusing is performed using the second lens unitand the third lens unit, curvature of field can be compensated for ingood condition from the infinity to the proximity. In addition, sincefocusing using the second lens unit and the third lens unit allows theselens units to be arranged for control by a single focus cam, it ispossible to keep small the size of a lens frame member in the diameterdirection upon simplifying the structure. If a telephoto lens has alarge aperture, the lens itself having a large diameter and a lens framemember, which is constructed considering the strength, render the entiretelephoto lens apparatus heavy. Thus, a small diameter of the telephotolens contributes to reduction in weight of the telephoto lens apparatus.
[0047] In this case, if the first lens unit and the fourth lens unit areto be fixed, the total length of the optical system is kept constantduring focusing and the focusing can be performed with littlefluctuation of aberrations while the number of moving lens units beinglimited to two.
[0048] Regarding the moving manner of the lens units in focusing towardthe proximity, if the configuration is made so that the second lens unitis moved toward the image side while the third lens unit is moved towardthe object side, an amount of movement of the lens units can be madesmall.
[0049] Also, according to the present invention, it is preferred thatthe telephoto lens satisfies the following condition (4):
10.0 mm<Y<13.0 mm (4)
[0050] where Y is a diagonal length of the picture surface.
[0051] If the lower limit value of Condition (4) is not reached, animage pickup element having extremely minute pixels has to be mated forattaining an image with a large number of pixels, and thus it isdifficult to assure a certain resolving power.
[0052] On the other hand, if the upper limit value of Condition (4) isexceeded, the focal length of the optical system is required to be longfor maintaining the same field angle. As a result, the size of theoptical system becomes large, to lose its portability and mobility for auser.
[0053] Furthermore, in a case where the first lens unit has a pluralityof lenses each having a positive refracting power, it is much preferredthat each of the lenses having a positive refracting power satisfies thefollowing condition (5):
85>ν_(d)>80 (5)
[0054] where ν_(d) is an Abbe's number of each lens.
[0055] Satisfaction of Condition (5) facilitates favorable compensationfor various aberrations generated in the first lens unit. A valuesmaller than the lower limit value of Condition (5) makes it difficultto compensate for chromatic aberration, while a value greater than theupper limit value of condition (5) renders lens materials costly; valuesout of the specified range are not preferable.
[0056] Furthermore, the upper limit value of Condition (5) may bemodified to 83. In addition, the lower limit value is preferablymodified to 81.5. Whereby, a telephoto lens can be easily constructed atlow cost while suppressing chromatic aberration, which is easilygenerated in a telephoto lens.
[0057] Furthermore, every telephoto lens according to the presentinvention may satisfy Condition (3). In addition, the lower limit valueof Condition (2) may be modified to −1.1, and the upper limit value maybe modified to −0.6. Whereby, it is possible to achieve a better balancebetween compensation for curvature of field and insusceptibility todecentration.
[0058] Furthermore, every telephoto lens according to the presentinvention may satisfy Condition (3). In addition, the lower limit valueof Condition (3) may be changed to −0.2, and Condition (3) may bemodified to have an upper limit value, which is set to 0.5. Whereby,increase in cost of materials of the cemented lens can be prevented andaccordingly good balance between price and performance of the telephotolens can be easily kept.
[0059] Furthermore, the configuration may be made so that aphotographing half-field angle is in the range from 10.0° to 0.5°. Ifthe photographing half-field angle exceeds the upper limit, telephotoeffect becomes weak, while, if the photographing half-field angle issmaller than the lower limit, it is difficult to assure certainbrightness.
[0060] According to the present invention, the second lens unit may beconfigured to include, in order from the object side, a cemented lenscomposed of a positive lens and a negative lens, and a negative lens.Whereby, each of the above-described effects can be easily obtained witha small number of lenses.
[0061] Also, the fourth lens unit may be configured to include, in orderfrom the object side, a cemented lens composed of a negative lens and apositive lens, and a negative lens. Whereby, each of the above-describedeffects can be easily obtained with a small number of lenses.
[0062] The embodiments of the present invention are described below inreference to the drawings.
[0063] First Embodiment
[0064]FIG. 1 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are diagramsthat show spherical aberration, curvature of field. distortion, andchromatic aberration of magnification. Specifically, FIG. 2 show thoseunder the infinity-focused condition, while FIG. 3 show those under theproximity-focused condition.
[0065] The telephoto lens according to the first embodiment includes, inorder from the object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positiverefracting power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refractingpower, a third lens unit G3 having a positive refracting power, and afourth lens unit G4 having a negative refracting power.
[0066] The first lens unit G1 includes a first lens L1 ₁ having anegative refracting power, a second lens L1 ₂ having a positiverefracting power, a third lens L1 ₃ having a positive refracting power,and a fourth lens L1 ₄ having a negative refracting power.
[0067] The second lens unit G2 includes a cemented lens composed of afifth lens L2 ₁ having a positive refracting power and a sixth lens L2 ₂having a negative refracting power, and a seventh lens L2 ₃ having anegative refracting power.
[0068] The third lens unit G3 includes a cemented lens composed of aneighth lens L3 ₁ having a negative refracting power and a ninth lens L3₂ having a positive refracting power.
[0069] The fourth lens unit G4 includes a cemented lens composed of atenth lens L4 ₁ having a negative refracting power and an eleventh lensL4 ₂ having a positive refracting power, and a twelfth lens L4 ₃ havinga negative refracting power. The twelfth lens L4 ₃ is formed as ameniscus lens.
[0070] Also, the telephoto lens according to the this embodiment isconfigured to move the second lens unit G2 and the fourth lens unit G4toward the image side while the infinity-focused condition shown in FIG.1 is shifted to the proximity-focused condition.
[0071] In FIG. 1, the reference symbol S represents a stop. The stop Sis designed to move integrally with the fourth lens unit G4.
[0072] A telephoto lens apparatus according to the present invention hasthe telephoto lens according to the present invention and a lens mountsection that is connectable with a camera on the image side of thetelephoto lens. Whereby, the telephoto lens apparatus can be used for alens-exchange type camera.
[0073] In addition, as is apparent from the embodiments of the presentinvention, all of the features set forth above can provide a muchpreferable telephoto lens or a telephoto lens apparatus even ifvariously combined together.
[0074] Here, numerical data of the optical members constituting thetelephoto lens of the first embodiment are shown.
[0075] In the numerical data of the first embodiment, r₁, r₂, . . . areradii of curvature of lens surfaces shown in order from the object side,D0 is a distance from the object to the first surface, d₁, d₂, . . . arethicknesses of lenses or airspaces shown in order from the object side,n_(d1), n_(d2), . . . are refractive indices of lenses for d-line rays(587.56 nm) shown in order from the object side, ν_(d1), ν_(d2), . . .are Abbe's numbers of lenses ford-line rays (587.56 nm) shown in orderfrom the object side, f is a focal length of the entire optical system,β is a photographing magnification, Fno. is an F number, and ω is afield angle.
[0076] These symbols are commonly used for the numerical data of thelater-described embodiments also. Numerical Data 1 f = 299.93 mm Fno. =2.85 ω = 2.1° r₁ = 229.2379 d₁ = 5.0000 n_(d1) = 1.68893 ν_(d1) = 31.07r₂ = 148.0000 d₂ =0.5000 r₃ = 140.4975 d₃ = 17.0000 n_(d3) '2 1.49700ν_(d3) = 81.61 r₄ = −395.6516 d₄ = 1.3623 r₅ = 158.1253 d₅ = 15.5797n_(d5) = 1.49700 ν_(d5) = 81.61 r₆ = 1387.1079 d₆ = 3.2209 r₇ =−526.0821 d₇ = 7.4367 n_(d7) = 1.83400 ν_(d7) = 37.16 r₈ = −1.144 × 10⁴d₈ = D1 r₉ = −626.9255 d₉ = 10.0000 n_(d9) = 1.84666 ν_(d9) = 23.78 r₁₀= −124.2513 d₁₀ = 3.7428 n_(d10) = 1.61340 ν_(d10) = 44.27 r₁₁ =−590.4502 d₁₁ = 6.0619 r₁₂ = −215.4860 d₁₂ = 4.1957 n_(d12) = 1.69680ν_(d12) = 55.53 r₁₃ = 103.4939 d₁₃ = D2 r₁₄ = 84.7418 d₁₄ = 4.5793r_(d14) = 1.68893 ν_(d14) = 31.07 r₁₅ = 56.0348 d₁₅ = 12.0000 r_(d15) =1.49700 ν_(d15) = 81.54 r₁₆ = −131.4268 d₁₆ = D3 r₁₇ = ∞ (stop) d₁₇ =5.2726 r₁₈ = −86.5660 d₁₈ = 5.0000 n_(d18) = 1.56732 ν_(d18) = 42.82 r₁₉= 80.5755 d₁₉ = 8.0000 r₂₀ = −156.6797 d₂₀ = 5.0000 r₂₁ = 61.8020 d₂₁ =5.0000 n_(d21) = 1.69680 ν_(d21) = 55.53 r₂₂ = 40.9660 1/18 (Variabledistance in in-focus condition) F, β D0 D1 D2 D3 Infinity 299.93 ∞63.4367 24.9984 10.611 Proximity −0.16 2045.7 88.3722 0.06286 15.9865(Conditions) Condition(1) = 81.61 Condition(2) = −0.976 Condition(3) =0.239
[0077] Second Embodiment
[0078]FIG. 4 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the second embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are diagramsthat show spherical aberration, curvature of field, distortion, andchromatic aberration of magnification. Specifically, FIG. 5 show thoseunder the infinity-focused condition, while FIG. 6 show those under theproximity-focused condition.
[0079] The telephoto lens according to the second embodiment includes,in order from the object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positiverefracting power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refractingpower, a third lens unit G3 having a positive refracting power, and afourth lens unit G4 having a negative refracting power.
[0080] The first lens unit G1 includes a first lens L1 ₁, having anegative refracting power, a second lens L1 ₂ having a positiverefracting power, a third lens L1 ₃ having a positive refracting power,and a fourth lens L1 ₄ having a negative refracting power.
[0081] The second lens unit G2 includes a cemented lens composed of afifth lens L2 ₁ having a positive refracting power and a sixth lens L2 ₂having a negative refracting power, and a seventh lens L2 ₃ having anegative refracting power.
[0082] The third lens unit G3 includes a cemented lens composed of aneighth lens L3 ₁ having a negative refracting power and a ninth lens L3₂ having a positive refracting power.
[0083] The fourth lens unit G4 includes a cemented lens composed of atenth lens L4 ₁ having a negative refracting power and an eleventh lensL4 ₂ having a positive refracting power, and a twelfth lens L4 ₃ havinga negative refracting power. The twelfth lens L4 ₃ is formed as ameniscus lens.
[0084] Also, the telephoto lens according to the this embodiment isconfigured to move the second lens unit G2 and the fourth lens unit G4toward the image side while the infinity-focused condition shown in FIG.4 is shifted to the proximity-focused condition.
[0085] In FIG. 4, the reference symbol S represents a stop. The stop Sis designed to move integrally with the fourth lens unit G4.
[0086] Here, numerical data of the optical members constituting thetelephoto lens of the second embodiment are shown. Numerical data 2 f =300.008 mm Fno. = 2.85 ω = 2.1° r₁ = 239.9233 d₁ = 5.0000 n_(d1) =1.68893 ν_(d1) = 31.07 r₂ = 148.0000 d₂ = 0.5000 r₃ = 151.0206 d₃ =17.0000 n_(d3) = 1.49700 ν_(d3) = 81.61 r₄ = −393.6157 d₄ = 1.3720 r₅ =146.3294 d₅ = 15.5935 n_(d5) = 1.49700 ν_(d5) = 81.61 r₆ = 2465.3142 d₆= 3.2396 r₇ = −713.5453 d₇ = 7.4334 n_(d7) = 1.83400 ν_(d7) = 37.16 r₈ =1542.0242 d₈ = D1 r₉ = −1031.4823 d₉ = 10.0000 n_(d9) = 1.84666 ν_(d9) =23.78 r₁₀ = −131.5347 d₁₀ = 3.7482 n_(d10) = 1.61340 ν_(d10) = 44.27 r₁₁= −400.7926 d₁₁ = 6.0783 r₁₂ = −183.5263 d₁₂ = 4.1985 n_(d12) = 1.69680ν_(d12) = 55.53 r₁₃ = 99.6614 d₁₃ = D2 r₁₄ = 76.1516 d₁₄ = 4.5846n_(d14) = 1.68893 ν_(d14) = 31.07 r₁₅ = 55.3835 d₁₅ = 12.0000 n_(d15) =1.49700 ν_(d15) = 81.54 r₁₆ = −118.0251 d₁₆ = D3 r₁₇ = ∞ (stop) d₁₇ =5.2721 r₁₈ = −86.2238 d₁₈ = 5.0000 n_(d18) = 1.56732 ν_(d18) = 42.82 r₁₉= 117.8769 d₁₉ = 5.0000 n_(d19) = 1.80610 ν_(d19) = 40.92 r₂₀ =−169.0002 d₂₀ = 5.0000 r₂₁ = 63.7540 d₂₁ = 5.0000 n_(d21) = 1.69680ν_(d21) = 55.53 r₂₂ = 40.9137 (Variable distance in in-focus condition)F, β D0 D1 D2 D3 Infinity 300.008 ∞ 63.4474 19.326 10.6109 Proximity−0.105 3000.3984 78.366 4.4074 15.9866 (Conditions) Condition (1) =81.61 Condition (2) = −0.63 Condition (3) = 0.239
[0087] Third Embodiment
[0088]FIG. 7 is a sectional view that shows a lens configuration of thetelephoto lens according to the third embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along the optical axis. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are diagramsthat show spherical aberration, curvature of field, distortion, andchromatic aberration of magnification. Specifically, FIG. 8 show thoseunder the infinity-focused condition, while FIG. 9 show those under theproximity-focused condition.
[0089] The telephoto lens according to the third embodiment includes, inorder from the object side, a first lens unit G1 having a positiverefracting power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refractingpower, a third lens unit G3 having a positive refracting power, and afourth lens unit G4 having a negative refracting power.
[0090] The first lens unit G1 includes a first lens L1 ₁ having anegative refracting power, a second lens L1 ₂ having a positiverefracting power, a third lens L1 ₃ having a positive refracting power,and a fourth lens L1 ₄ having a negative refracting power.
[0091] The second lens unit G2 includes a cemented lens composed of afifth lens L2 ₁ having a positive refracting power and a sixth lens L2 ₂having a negative refracting power, and a seventh lens L2 ₃ having anegative refracting power.
[0092] The third lens unit G3 includes an eighth lens L3 ₁ having anegative refracting power and a ninth lens L3 ₂ having a positiverefracting power.
[0093] The fourth lens unit G4 includes a cemented lens composed of atenth lens L4 ₁ having a negative refracting power and an eleventh lensL4 ₂ having a positive refracting power, and a twelfth lens L4 ₃ havinga negative refracting power. The twelfth lens L4 ₃ is formed as ameniscus lens.
[0094] Also, the telephoto lens according to the this embodiment isconfigured to move the second lens unit G2 toward the image side and thethird lens unit G3 toward the object side while the infinity-focusedcondition shown in FIG. 7 is shifted to the proximity-focused condition.
[0095] In FIG. 7, the reference symbol S represents a stop.
[0096] Here, numerical data of the optical members constituting thetelephoto lens of the third embodiment are shown. Numeracal data 3 f =299.9986 mm Fno. = 2.80 ω = 2.33° r₁ = 248.8583 d₁ = 6.2258 n_(d1) =1.74950 ν_(d1) = 35.28 r₂ = 149.7739 d₂ = 2.1820 r₃ = 133.6304 d₃ =18.5000 n_(d3) = 1.49700 ν_(d3) = 81.54 r₄ = −317.0995 d₄ = 0.5859 r₅ =130.9539 d₅ = 14.4960 n_(d) = 51.49700 ν_(d5) = 81.54 r₆ = 938.4581 d₆ =7.4719 r₇ = −399.8887 _(d7) = 6.0000 nd₇ = 1.83400 ν_(d7) = 37.16 r₈ =−5911.8564 d₉ = D1 r₉ = −1176.4309 d₉ = 9.5252 n_(d9) = 1.84666 ν_(d9) =23.78 r₁₀ = −139.4432 d₁₀ = 3.5880 r_(d10) = 1.63930 ν_(d10) = 44.87 r₁₁= −8552.4362 d₁₁ = 1.2541 r₁₂ = −1073.3817 d₁₂ = 3.4426 n_(d12) =1.69680 ν_(d12) = 55.53 r₁₃ = 93.0994 d₁₃ = D2 r₁₄ = 86.4715 d₁₄ =3.5687 n_(d14) = 1.80100 ν_(d14) = 34.97 r₁₅ = 57.0560 d₁₅ = 1.6186 r₁₆= 58.0496 d₁₆ = 12.1657 n_(d16) = 1.49700 ν_(d16) = 81.54 r₁₇ =−190.3950 d₁₇ = D3 r₁₈ = ∞ (stop) d₁₈ = 12.0000 r₁₉ = −719.5271 d₁₉ =4.5680 n_(d19) = 1.56732 ν_(d19) = 42.82 r₂₀ = 52.1479 d₂₀ = 10.0933r_(d20) = 1.80610 ν_(d20) = 40.92 r₂₁ = 529.2439 d₂₁ = 0.5526 r₂₂ =68.1373 d₂₂ = 6.3521 n_(d22) = 1.69680 ν_(d22) = 55.53 r₂₃ = 42.0858(Variable distance in in-focus condition) F, β D0 D1 D2 D3 Infinity299.9986 ∞ 52.2724 36.8207 5.22 Proximity −0.1943 1685.0494 69.40983.1843 21.721 (Conditions) Condition (1) = 81.54 Condition (2) = −1.06Condition (3) = 0.239
[0097] The above-described telephoto lens according to the presentinvention is applicable to a silver-halide or digital, single-lensreflex camera. An application example is shown below.
[0098]FIG. 10 shows a single-lens reflex camera which uses the telephotolens according to the present invention as a photographing lens and asmall-sized CCD as an image pickup element. A CMOS may be used in placeof the CCD. In FIG. 10, the reference numeral 1 represents a single-lensreflex camera, the reference numeral 2 represents a photographing lens,the reference numeral 3 represents a mount section that achievesremovable mount of the photographing lens 2 on the single-lens reflexcamera 1 by using a screw type mount, a bayonet type mount or the like(In FIG. 10, a bayonet type mount is employed). Also, the referencenumeral 4 represents a CCD picture surface (or CMOS picture surface),the reference numeral 5 represents a quick return mirror disposedbetween the lens system 2 and the CCD picture surface (or CMOS surface)4 in the path 6 of rays of the photographing lens 2, the referencenumeral 7 represents a finder screen disposed in the path of raysreflected from the quick return mirror, the reference numeral 8represents a pentaprism, the reference numeral 9 represents a finder,and the reference symbol E represents an eye of an observer (eyepoint).The telephoto lens according to the present invention is used as aphotographing lens 2 of the single-lens reflex camera 1 of thisconfiguration.
What is claimed is:
1. A telephoto lens comprising, in order from anobject side: a first lens unit having a positive refracting power; asecond lens unit having a negative refracting power; a third lens unithaving a positive refracting power; and a fourth lens unit having anegative refracting power, wherein the second lens unit comprises acemented lens composed of a positive lens and a negative lens, and anegative lens, wherein the fourth lens unit comprises a cemented lenscomposed of a negative lens and a positive lens, and a negative lens,and wherein the telephoto lens satisfies the following conditions:ν_(d)>80 −0.5>f ₄ /f>−1.2 where ν_(d) is an Abbe's number of a lenshaving a positive refracting power in the first lens unit, f₄ is a focallength of the fourth lens unit, and f is a focal length of an entireoptical system.
2. A telephoto lens according to claim 1, wherein thefollowing condition is satisfied: n _(d1) −n _(d2)>0.2 where n_(d1) is arefractive index of the positive lens and n_(d2) is a refractive indexof the negative lens, in the cemented lens in the fourth lens unit.
3. Atelephoto lens comprising, in order from an object side: a first lensunit having a positive refracting power; a second lens unit having anegative refracting power; a third lens unit having a positiverefracting power; and a fourth lens unit having a negative refractingpower. wherein the first lens unit consists of at least two positivelenses and two negative lenses.
4. A telephoto lens according to claim3, wherein the first lens unit consists of, in order from the objectside, a negative lens, two positive lenses, and a negative lens.
5. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein aconfiguration is made so that, in focusing toward an proximity, thesecond lens unit and the fourth lens unit are moved toward an imageside.
6. A telephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4,wherein the fourth lens unit comprises a cemented lens composed of apositive lens and a negative lens, and a negative meniscus lens.
7. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein thefollowing condition is satisfied: 10.0 mm<Y<13.0 mm where Y is adiagonal length of a picture surface.
8. A telephoto lens according toclaim 1 or 2, wherein the first lens unit comprises a plurality oflenses each having a positive refracting power, of which lenses aplurality of lenses satisfy the following condition: ν_(d)>80.
9. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein eachlens having a positive refracting power included in the first unitsatisfies the following condition: 85>ν_(d)>80.
10. A telephoto lensaccording to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the followingcondition is satisfied: −0.6>f ₄ /f>−1.1 where f₄ is a focal length ofthe fourth lens unit, and f is a focal length of an entire opticalsystem.
11. A telephoto lens according to claim 3 or 4, wherein thefollowing condition is satisfied: n _(d1) −n _(d2)>0.2 where n_(d1) is arefractive index of a positive lens and n_(d2) is a refractive index ofa negative lens, in the cemented lens in the fourth lens unit.
12. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 2 through 4, wherein thefollowing condition is satisfied: 0.5>n _(d1) −n _(d2)>0.2
13. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein aconfiguration is made so that, in focusing toward a proximity, at leastthe first lens unit is fixed and the second lens unit is moved toward animage side.
14. A telephoto lens according to any one of claims 1through 4, wherein a configuration is made so that, in focusing toward aproximity, the second lens unit is moved toward an image side and thethird lens unit is moved toward the object side.
15. A telephoto lensaccording to claim 5, wherein a configuration is made so that, infocusing toward the proximity, the first lens unit and the third lensunit are fixed.
16. A telephoto lens according to claim 14, wherein aconfiguration is made so that, in focusing toward the proximity, thefirst lens unit and the fourth lens unit are fixed.
17. A telephoto lensaccording to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein a photographinghalf-field angle is in a range from 10.0° to 0.5°.
18. A telephoto lensaccording to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the second lens unitconsists of, in order from the object side, a cemented lens composed ofa positive lens and a negative lens, and a negative lens.
19. Atelephoto lens according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein thefourth lens unit consists of, in order from the object side, a cementedlens composed of a negative lens and a positive lens, and a negativelens.
20. A telephoto lens apparatus comprising a telephoto lens, thetelephoto lens comprising, in order from an object side: a first lensunit having a positive refracting power; a second lens unit having anegative refracting power; a third lens unit having a positiverefracting power; and a fourth lens unit having a negative refractingpower, wherein the telephoto lens has a lens mount section that isconnectable with a camera on an image side, wherein the second lens unitcomprises a cemented lens composed of a positive lens and a negativelens, and a negative lens, wherein the fourth lens unit comprises acemented lens composed of a negative lens and a positive lens, and anegative lens, and wherein the telephoto lens satisfies the followingconditions: ν_(d)>80−0.5>f ₄ /f>−1.2 where ν_(d) is an Abbe's number ofa lens having a positive refracting power in the first lens unit, f₄ isa focal length of the fourth lens unit, and f is a focal length of anentire optical system..
| 0.751128
| -0.010898
| 2,040
| 8,176
| 131
| 131
|
Optical Device Design
| false
|
99,721
|
5833975_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
Kambove är en koppar- och koboltgruva vid orten med samma namn i Kongo-Kinshasa. Den ligger i provinsen Haut-Katanga, i den södra delen av landet, km sydost om huvudstaden Kinshasa. Kambove ligger meter över havet.
Källor
Naturresurser i Kongo-Kinshasa
Haut-Katanga
Koppargruvor
Kobolt.
| 0.407323
| -0.309931
| 1,453
| 5,722
| 222
| 222
|
People Profiles
| false
|
99,722
|
github_open_source_100_2_8241
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import React, { Component } from "react";
import LabelSuccess from "../../../../common/button/LabelSuccess";
import LabelWarning from "../../../../common/button/LabelWarning";
import {
deleteIdUserRequest,
// openModalUser,
getIdUser
} from "../../execut/action";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
import swal from "sweetalert";
import StartIcon from "../../../../common/customs/StartIcon";
class ItemListUser extends Component {
onDelete(e) {
swal({
title: "Bạn có chắc chắn ?",
text: "Xóa tất cả thông tin thành viên này !",
icon: "warning",
buttons: {
cancel: true,
text: "Tiếp tục"
},
dangerMode: true
}).then(willDelete => {
if (willDelete) {
this.props.deleteUser(e);
}
});
}
onEdit(id) {
this.props.getIdUser(id);
console.log(id);
}
render() {
const { user, index } = this.props;
return (
<tr>
<td>{index + 1}</td>
<td>
<p>Họ tên : {user.name}</p>
<p>
Đăng nhập : <strong> {user.username}</strong>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
{user.role == 1 ? (
<StartIcon color="text-red" name="Quản trị viên" />
) : (
<StartIcon color="text-yellow" name="Thành viên" />
)}
</p>
<p>
<small>
Khởi tạo :
<span className="text-muted">
{" "}
{user.created_at}
</span>
</small>
</p>
</td>
<td>
{user.status == 1 ? <LabelSuccess /> : <LabelWarning />}
</td>
<td>
<div className="btn-group">
<button
onClick={this.onDelete.bind(this, user.id)}
type="button"
className="btn btn-danger btn-flat"
>
<i className="fa fa-times" />
</button>
<button
type="button"
className="btn btn-default btn-flat"
onClick={this.onEdit.bind(this, user.id)}
data-toggle="modal"
data-target={"#modal" + index}
>
<i className="fa fa-pencil-square-o" />
</button>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
);
}
}
const mapStateToProps = (state, ownProps) => {
return {
prop: state.prop
};
};
const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch, ownProps) => {
return {
deleteUser: id => {
dispatch(deleteIdUserRequest(id));
},
// openModalID: id => {
// dispatch(openModalUser(id));
// },
getIdUser: id => {
dispatch(getIdUser(id));
}
};
};
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(ItemListUser);
| 0.129503
| 0.686839
| 3,428
| 13,768
| 70
| 70
|
React Components & Styling
| false
|
99,723
|
github_open_source_100_2_8242
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package us.mccliment.first_minecraft_mod.init;
import net.minecraft.item.Item;
import us.mccliment.first_minecraft_mod.help.RegisterHelper;
import us.mccliment.first_minecraft_mod.items.ItemFirst_Minecraft_Mod;
public class ModItems {
public static Item foo = new ItemFirst_Minecraft_Mod().setUnlocalizedName("foo");
public static void registerItems(){
RegisterHelper.registerItem(foo);
}
public static void registerItemRenderer() {
RegisterHelper.registerItemRenderer(foo);
}
}
| 0.299437
| 0.468012
| 2,985
| 11,987
| 203
| 203
|
Item Descriptions
| false
|
99,724
|
github_open_source_100_2_8243
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
module bullet2.BulletCollision.BroadphaseCollision.btCollisionAlgorithm;
extern (C++):
import bullet2.LinearMath.btScalar;
import bullet2.LinearMath.btAlignedObjectArray;
import bullet2.BulletCollision.BroadphaseCollision.btDispatcher;
import bullet2.BulletCollision.NarrowPhaseCollision.btPersistentManifold;
import bullet2.BulletCollision.CollisionDispatch.btCollisionObjectWrapper;
import bullet2.BulletCollision.CollisionDispatch.btManifoldResult;
import bullet2.BulletCollision.CollisionDispatch.btCollisionObject;
alias btManifoldArray = btAlignedObjectArray!(btPersistentManifold);
struct btCollisionAlgorithmConstructionInfo
{
this(btDispatcher dispatcher, int temp)
{
m_dispatcher1 = dispatcher;
}
btDispatcher m_dispatcher1 = null;
btPersistentManifold m_manifold = null;
// int getDispatcherId();
};
///btCollisionAlgorithm is an collision interface that is compatible with the Broadphase and btDispatcher.
///It is persistent over frames
abstract class btCollisionAlgorithm
{
protected:
btDispatcher m_dispatcher;
protected:
// int getDispatcherId();
public:
this(){};
this(const ref btCollisionAlgorithmConstructionInfo ci);
/*virtual*/ ~this(){};
/*virtual*/ abstract void processCollision(const btCollisionObjectWrapper* body0Wrap, const btCollisionObjectWrapper* body1Wrap, ref const(btDispatcherInfo) dispatchInfo, btManifoldResult* resultOut);
/*virtual*/ abstract btScalar calculateTimeOfImpact(btCollisionObject body0, btCollisionObject body1, ref const(btDispatcherInfo) dispatchInfo, btManifoldResult* resultOut);
/*virtual*/ abstract void getAllContactManifolds(ref btManifoldArray manifoldArray);
};
| 0.378805
| 0.466562
| 2,988
| 11,992
| 202
| 202
|
Computer Graphics Examples
| false
|
99,725
|
0e1f60e3dc0c7f0758f282fdc48c4543_50
|
French Open Data
|
Various open data
|
Risque sur le prix relatif à un accroissement de la volatilité implicite
Dans le cas des Warrants Turbo, le prix des Warrants pendant leur période de
validité est influencé par d’autres facteurs affectant la valeur en plus du prix de la
valeur sous-jacente, notamment la volatilité implicite de la valeur sous-jacente.
Du point de vue de l’investisseur, une augmentation de la volatilité implicite de la
valeur sous-jacente représente un risque sur le prix si le prix de la valeur sous-
jacente est proche de la barrière désactivante.
Risque relatif à la perte de la valeur temps des Warrants en fonction de la
durée résiduelle
Le prix des Warrants est calculé sur la base de deux composants du prix (la valeur
intrinsèque et la valeur temps). La valeur intrinsèque des Warrants pendant leur
période de validité est égale à la différence (si elle est positive), multipliée par le
coefficient multiplicateur, entre la valeur sous-jacente et le prix d’exercice
(Warrants Bull (Call)). Sinon, la valeur intrinsèque est zéro. Le montant de la
valeur temps, d’autre part, est essentiellement déterminé en fonction de la durée
résiduelle du Warrant et de la fréquence et de l’intensité des fluctuations du prix
de la valeur sous-jacente attendues par l’Émetteur pendant la durée résiduelle du
Warrant (volatilité implicite).
Risques relatifs à d’autres facteurs affectant la valeur comme les taux
d’intérêt du marché monétaire, les dividendes attendus et les coûts de
refinancement de l’Émetteur
Les autres facteurs affectant le prix des Warrants comprennent, notamment, les
taux d’intérêt sur le marché monétaire pour la durée résiduelle, le revenu attendu
des transactions de couverture de l’Émetteur concernant la valeur sous-jacente et
le niveau des coûts de refinancement de l’Émetteur pour réaliser ces transactions
de couverture.
Même si le prix de la valeur sous-jacente s’élève, dans le cas d’un Warrant Bull
(Call), ou chute, dans le cas d’un Warrant Bear (Put ), la valeur du Warrant peut
diminuer en raison des autres facteurs affectant la valeur. Compte tenu de la
durée de validité limitée du Warrant, aucune garantie ne peut être donnée
quant à une remontée du prix du Warrant dans les délais. Plus la durée
résiduelle est courte, plus le risque est grand.
Section E – Offre 46E.2b Indiquer les raisons de
l’offre et l’utilisation
prévue du produit de
celle-ci, lorsqu’il s’agit
de raisons autres que la
réalisation d’un
bénéfice et/ou la
couverture de certains
risques.Sans objet ; les raisons de l’offre sont de réaliser des profits et/ou de prendre une
couverture par rapport à certains risques et le produit net de l’émission de
Warrants présentés dans le Prospectus de Base seront utilisés par l’Émetteur à
des fins générales.
E.3 Décrire les modalités et
les conditions de
l’offre.Méthode de présentation de l’offre, offreur et date d’émission des Warrants
Les Warrants sont offerts de gré à gré en continu.
L’offre des Warrants commence en France le 14.05.2014.
Les offreur des Warrants est: l’Émetteur
La date d’émission est: 14.05.2014
Restriction imposée à la libre négociabilité des valeurs mobilières
Les Warrants peuvent être offerts ou vendus seulement si l’ensemble des lois et
règlementations relatives aux valeurs mobilières en vigueur dans la juridiction
dans laquelle un achat, une offre, une vente ou une livraison de Warrants est
effectué ou dans laquelle le présent document est diffusé ou conservé pour
inspection ont été respectées, et si tous les consentements ou autorisations
nécessaires pour l’achat, l’offre, la vente ou la livraison des Warrants
conformément aux normes légales en vigueur dans cette juridiction ont été
obtenus.
En particulier, les Warrants ne sont pas et ne seront pas enregistrés
conformément à la Loi sur les valeurs mobilières des États-Unis (United States
Securities Act) de 1933 telle qu’amendée. Ils ne peuvent être offerts, vendus,
négociés ou livrés au sein des États-Unis directement ou indirectement par ou
pour le compte d’un ressortissant des États-Unis (comme défini dans la
Réglementation S conformément à la Loi sur les valeurs mobilières des États-
Unis de 1933), excepté dans le cas d’exemption des conditions d’enregistrement
de la Loi sur les valeurs mobilières. Toute personne recevant le montant de
liquidités correspondant aux termes et conditions est considérée comme ayant
fait une déclaration indiquant que la personne titulaire des droits découlant des
Warrants n’est pas un ressortissant des États-Unis.
Prix d’émission, frais et taxes relatifs à l’achat
Le prix d’émission initial est de EUR 0,30.
Sans objet, l’achat de Warrants ne faisant supporter aucun coût ou taxe à
l’Émetteur notamment pour les acheteurs ou les souscripteurs.
E.4 Décrire tout intérêt, y
compris les intérêts
conflictuels, pouvant
influer sensiblement
sur l’émission/l’offre.L’Émetteur, ses sociétés apparentées ou d’autres sociétés appartenant à
Citigroup, Inc. ou affiliées à lui agissent généralement en qualité d’agent de
calcul des Warrants. Cette activité peut entraîner des conflits d’intérêt dans la
mesure où les responsabilités de l’agent de calcul comprennent certaines
déterminations et décisions qui pourraient avoir un effet négatif sur le prix des 47Warrants ou le montant des liquidités.
L’Émetteur, ses sociétés apparentées ou d’autres sociétés appartenant à
Citigroup, Inc. ou affiliées à lui peuvent s’engager dans des transactions de
négoce sur la valeur sous-jacente, sur d’autres instruments qui s’y rapportent, ou
sur des dérivés, des options boursières ou des contrats à terme en bourse, ou
peuvent émettre d’autres valeurs et dérivés fondés sur la valeur sous-jacente.
Les sociétés peuvent également intervenir dans l’acquisition de nouvelles parts
ou d’autres titres de la valeur sous-jacente ou, dans le cas d’indices de valeurs,
de sociétés individuelles incluses dans l’indice, ou agir en qualité de conseillers
financiers pour les entités auxquelles il est fait référence ou collaborer avec elle
dans le secteur de la banque d’affaires. Les sociétés sont tenues de s’acquitter de
leurs obligations à ce titre, indépendamment des conséquences qui peuvent en
résulter pour les détenteurs de warrants et, le cas échéant, devront prendre les
mesures qu’elles considèrent nécessaires ou appropriées pour se protéger ou
sauvegarder leurs intérêts dans le cadre de ces relations d’affaires. Les activités
visées ci-dessus pourraient entraîner des conflits d’intérêt et avoir un effet
négatif sur le prix de la valeur sous-jacente ou des titres qui lui sont associés
comme les Warrants.
L’Émetteur, ses sociétés apparentées ou d’autres sociétés appartenant à
Citigroup, Inc. ou affiliées à lui peuvent émettre des titres dérivés
supplémentaires fondés sur la valeur sous-jacente, ou sur des éléments
constitutifs de la valeur sous-jacente, notamment des titres dont les
caractéristiques sont identiques ou similaires à celles des Warrants.
L’introduction de tels produits, qui concurrencent les Warrants, peuvent avoir
un effet sur le prix de la valeur sous-jacente ou les éléments constitutifs de la
valeur sous-jacente et donc aussi sur le prix des Warrants. L’Émetteur, ses
sociétés apparentées ou d’autres sociétés appartenant à Citigroup, Inc. ou
affiliées à lui peuvent recevoir des informations de nature non publique se
rapportant à la valeur sous-jacente, ou à des éléments constitutifs de la valeur
sous-jacente, mais ne sont pas tenus de les communiquer aux détenteurs de
warrants. De plus, les sociétés appartenant à Citigroup ou affiliées à lui peuvent
publier des rapports de recherche se rapportant à la valeur sous-jacente ou aux
éléments constitutifs de la valeur sous-jacente. Les activités de ce type peuvent
créer certains conflits d’intérêt et affecter le prix des Warrants.
E.7 Donner une estimation
des dépenses facturées
à l’investisseur par
l’émetteur ou l’offreur.Les dépenses estimées pour les Warrants, y compris le coût d’admission à la
négociation sont compris(es) dans le prix d’émission ou au prix de vente, le cas
échéant. Si l’investisseur achète des Warrants auprès d’un distributeur, le prix
d’achat à payer par l’investisseur pourra comprendre des commissions de vente
devant être communiquées au distributeur. Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG
Frankfurt am Main
(Issuer)
Final Terms dated
13 May 2014
to the
Base Prospectus dated 07 May 2014
as amended from time to time
(the "Base Prospectus")
TURBO BULL OR BEAR WARRANTS WITH KNOCK-OUT
based on the following underlying
AXA
ISIN: DE000CF99J53
The respective Final Terms to the Base Prospectus will be made available free of charge as a
separate document in paper form at the address of the relevant paying agent in each member state
of the European Union in which the Warrants are offered and published on the Issuer's website
www.citifirst.com. 2The subject matter of the Final Terms is Turbo Bull or Bear Warrants with knock-out (Product
No. 2) (the "Warrants" or the "Series") based on a share or a security representing shares, issued
by Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG, Frankfurt am Main (the "Issuer").
The Final Terms were prepared in accordance with Article 5 (4) of Directive 2003/71/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 (as most recently amended
by Directive 2010/73/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of
24 November 2010) (the "Prospectus Directive" ) and must be read in conjunction with the
Base Prospectus (as supplemented from time to time), including the documents incorporated
by reference and any supplements thereto. Complete information about the Issuer and the
offer of the Warrants can be obtained only from a synopsis of these Final Terms together
with the Base Prospectus (including the documents incorporated by reference and all
related supplements, if any).
The Final Terms to the Base Prospectus take the form of a separate document within the meaning
of Article 26 (5) of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 809/2004 of 29 April 2004 as amended
from time to time (the "Prospectus Regulation").
The Base Prospectus, any supplements thereto and the Final Terms are published by
making them available free of charge at Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG,
Frankfurter Welle, Reuterweg 16, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany
and in another form as may be required by law. Furthermore, these documents are
published in electronic form on the website www.citifirst.com.
An issue specific summary that has been completed for the Warrants is attached to these
Final Terms. 3INFORMATION ABOUT THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS – ISSUE SPECIFIC
CONDITIONS
With respect to the Series of Warrants, the Issue Specific Conditions applicable to the Turbo Bull
or Bear Warrants with Knock-Out, as replicated in the following from the Base Prospectus and
supplemented by the information in the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions as set out below,
and the General Conditions contain the conditions applicable to the Warrants (referred to
together as the "Conditions"). The Issue Specific Conditions should be read in conjunction with
the General Conditions.
Part A. Product Specific Conditions
No. 1
Option Right
Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG, Frankfurt am Main (the "Issuer") hereby grants the
holder (each a "Warrant Holder") of Turbo Bull or Bear Warrants with Knock-Out (the
"Warrants"), based on the Underlying as specified in detail in each case in Table 1 and Table 2
of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions, the right (the "Option Right") to require the Issuer
to pay the Cash Amount (No. 2 (1) of the Issue Specific Conditions) or the Termination Amount
(No. 2 of the General Conditions) in accordance with these Terms and Conditions.
No. 2
Cash Amount; Definitions; Knock Out
(1) The " Cash Amount " for each Warrant, subject to the occurrence of a Knock-Out Event or
the early redemption of the Warrants by the Issuer (No. 2 of the General Conditions), shall be
the Intrinsic Value of a Warrant, if the latter is already expressed in the Settlement Currency,
or the Intrinsic Value of a Warrant converted into the Settlement Currency using the
Reference Rate for Currency Conversion, if the Intrinsic Value is not already expressed in the
Settlement Currency.
(2) The " Intrinsic Value" of a Warrant shall be the difference, expressed in the Reference
Currency and multiplied by the Multiplier, by which the Reference Price of the Underlying
determined on the Valuation Date is higher than (Turbo Bull Warrants) or lower than (Turbo
Bear Warrants) the respective Strike.
(3) The following definitions shall apply in these Terms and Conditions:
"Additional Securities
Depositaries":Euroclear System, Brussels; Clearstream Banking S.A.,
Luxembourg
"Auxiliary Location ": London, United Kingdom 4"Banking Day": Every day on which the commercial banks in Paris and
Frankfurt am Main are open for business, including trade
in foreign currencies and the receipt of foreign currency
deposits (except for Saturdays and Sundays), the
TARGET2-System is open and the Central Securities
Depository settles payments. ''TARGET2-System'' shall
mean the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross
Settlement Express Transfer (TARGET2) payment
system or any successor system.
"Central Securities Depository": Euroclear France, 115 rue Réaumur, 75081 Paris Cedex,
France
"Clearing Territory of the
Central
Securities Depository":France
"Currency Conversion Date": As specified in Table 2 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Exchange Rate Reference
Agent":not applicable
"Exercise Date": Valuation Date.
"Form of the Warrants": The Warrants will be issued in dematerialized bearer form
(au porteur) and inscribed in the books of the Central
Securities Depository which shall credit the accounts of
the Account Holders. No physical document of title
(including certificats représentatifs pursuant to Article
R.211-7 of the French Monetary and Financial Code
(Code monétaire et financier)) will be issued in respect of
the Warrants.
"Issue Date": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Issuer's Website": www.citifirst.com
"Knock-Out Barrier": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Knock-Out Cash Amount": zero
"Maturity Date": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Minimum Exercise Volume": 1 Warrant(s) per ISIN or an integral multiple thereof
"Minimum Trading Volume": 1 Warrant(s) per ISIN or an integral multiple thereof
"Modified Valuation Date + 1": not applicable
"Modified Valuation Date": not applicable
"Multiplier ": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific 5Conditions.
"Number": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Observation Period ": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Reference Currency ": As specified in Table 2 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Reference Price": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Reference Rate for Currency
Conversion":not applicable
"Settlement Currency": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Strike": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Type": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Type of Warrant": BEAR
"Type of Exercise": European
"Underlying": As specified in Table 2 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions.
"Valuation Date": As specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific
Conditions. If the Valuation Date is not a Trading Day,
the next following Trading Day shall be the Valuation
Date.
"Valuation Date + 1": not applicable
(4) If the Observation Price of the Underlying (No. 5 (2) of the Issue Specific Conditions)
expressed in the Reference Currency is equal to or falls below (Turbo Bull Warrants) or is
equal to or exceeds (Turbo Bear Warrants) the Knock-Out Barrier of the Warrant specified in
Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions (the "Knock-Out Event") during the
Observation Period (No. 2 (3) of the Issue Specific Conditions) during the Observation Hours
(No. 5 (2) of the Issue Specific Conditions) at any time (referred to in the following as the
"Knock-Out Time"), the term of the Warrants shall end early at the Knock-Out Time. In this
event, the Cash Amount for each Warrant shall be equal to the Knock-Out Cash Amount
(No. 2 (3) of the Issue Specific Conditions). The Issuer will give notice without delay in
accordance with No. 4 of the General Conditions that the price of the Underlying has reached
or fallen below (Turbo Bull Warrants) or reached or exceeded (Turbo Bear Warrants) the
Knock-Out Barrier. 6No. 3
Exercise of the Option Rights
I. Applicable in the case of Warrants with a European Type of Exercise (as indicated for the
respective series of Warrants in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions):
(1) The Option Right may be exercised by the Warrant Holder only with effect as of the
Valuation Date for the respective Warrant.
If the Cash Amount results in a positive value, the Option Right attaching to the respective
Warrant shall be deemed to be exercised on the Valuation Date without further preconditions
and without the submission of an explicit Exercise Notice (referred to in the following as
"Automatic Exercise ").
(2) The Issuer will transfer any positive Cash Amount to the Central Securities Depository on the
Maturity Date for the credit of the Warrant Holders registered with the Central Securities
Depository at the close of business on the preceding Banking Day at the head office of the
Central Securities Depository. Upon the transfer of the Cash Amount to the Central Securities
Depository, the Issuer shall be released from its payment obligations to the extent of the
amount paid.
(3) The Central Securities Depository has given an undertaking to the Issuer to make a
corresponding onward transfer. In the event that the onward transfer of the Cash Amount or
of the fair market value is not possible within three months after the Maturity Date
("Presentation Period"), the Issuer shall be entitled to deposit the relevant amounts with the
Frankfurt am Main Local Court for the Warrant Holders at their risk and expense with a
waiver of its right to reclaim those amounts. Upon the deposit of the relevant amounts with
the Court, the claims of the Warrant Holders against the Issuer shall expire.
(4) All taxes or other levies that may be incurred in connection with the payment of the Cash
Amount or of the fair market value shall be borne by the Warrant Holders.
(5) If the Valuation Date falls between the date on which the Issuer determines that there are
grounds for making an Adjustment in accordance with No. 6 of the Issue Specific Conditions
and the date on which the Issuer has given notice of the Adjustments (referred to in the
following as the "Adjustment Period"), the Maturity Date shall be the first Banking Day
common to the head office of the Issuer and to the location of the Central Securities
Depository following the date on which the Issuer has given notice of the Adjustments for the
Valuation Date. The calculation of the Cash Amount in accordance with No. 2 of the Issue
Specific Conditions shall be based on the relevant Reference Price of the Underlying on the
Valuation Date together with the Adjustments made by the Issuer.
(6) The Cash Amount and the fair market value shall be paid in the Settlement Currency without
a requirement for the Issuer to give notice of any kind.
(7) A declaration shall be deemed to have been made automatically that the person entitled to the
rights arising from the Warrants is not a US person (as defined in Regulation S pursuant to
the United States Securities Act of 1933) and that that person has agreed with the Issuer and, 7if the latter is not also the seller, with the seller of these Warrants (a) not to offer, sell, resell
or deliver the Warrants acquired at any time directly or indirectly in the United States or to or
for the account of or for the benefit of US persons, (b) not to purchase Warrants for the
account of or for the benefit of US persons and (c) not to offer, sell, resell or deliver Warrants
(acquired in any other manner) directly or indirectly in the United States or to or for the
account of or for the benefit of US persons.
II. Applicable in the case of Warrants with an American Type of Exercise (as indicated for the
respective series of Warrants in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions):
(1) For the exercise of the Warrants to be effective, the holder of the respective Warrant must
comply with the preconditions set out below with respect to the relevant Exercise Agent
within the Exercise Period for the respective Warrant. The Exercise Period for the Warrants
shall begin in each case on the third Banking Day after the Issue Date and shall end in each
case at 10.00 a.m. (local time at the location of the relevant Exercise Agent) on the Valuation
Date or, if the Reference Price of the Underlying is usually determined before 11.00 a.m.
(local time at the location of the relevant Exercise Agent), the Exercise Period ends at 10.00
a.m. (local time at the location of the relevant Exercise Agent) on the last Trading Day
preceding the last Valuation Date. The provisions of paragraphs (2) to (4) of this No. 3 II
shall also apply.
If the Option Rights are exercised via the Exercise Agent in France, the Warrant Holder
must submit to Citibank International plc., France (the "Exercise Agent") at the following
address:
Citibank International plc. - Service Titres, 1-5 Rue Paul Cezanne, 75008 Paris, France
a properly completed ''Paris'' Exercise Notice for the respective ISIN (International Securities
Identification Number) using the form available from the Issuer (referred to in the following
as "Exercise Notice") and must have transferred the Warrants which it is intended to exercise
- to the Issuer crediting its account No. 186 at Euroclear France, account nature 51 or
its account No. 67098 at Clearstream Luxembourg.
The Exercise Notice must specify:
- the ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) of the Warrant series and
the number of Warrants intended to be exercised and
- the account of the Warrant Holder with a bank in France into which the Cash Amount
is to be paid. If the Exercise Notice does not specify an account or specifies an
account outside France, a check for the Cash Amount will be sent to the Warrant
Holder at his risk by normal post to the address given in the Exercise Notice within
five (5) Banking Days in Frankfurt am Main and Paris following the Valuation Date.
- Confirmation must also be given that the person entitled to the rights arising from the
Warrants is not a US person (as defined in Regulation S pursuant to the United States
Securities Act of 1933) and that that person has agreed with the Issuer and, if the
latter is not also the seller, with the seller of these Warrants (a) not to offer, sell, resell 8or deliver the Warrants acquired at any time directly or indirectly in the United States
or to or for the account of or for the benefit of US persons, (b) not to purchase
Warrants for the account of or for the benefit of US persons and (c) not to offer, sell,
resell or deliver Warrants (acquired in any other manner) directly or indirectly in the
United States or to or for the account of or for the benefit of US persons.
(2) The Exercise Notice shall become effective on the Exercise Date according to No. 2 (3) of
the Issue Specific Conditions. The Exercise Notice may not be revoked, including during the
period prior to the date on which it becomes effective. All of the preconditions set out in
No. 3 (1) of the Issue Specific Conditions must be satisfied within five (5) Banking Days of
the occurrence of the first precondition. In any other circumstances, the Issuer shall have the
right to return any payments already made to the Warrant Holder without interest at his risk
and expense; in this event the Exercise Notice shall not become effective.
(3) Option Rights that have not been exercised effectively in accordance with paragraphs (1) and
(2) shall be deemed, subject to early termination by means of extraordinary Termination
pursuant to No. 2 of the General Conditions, to be exercised on the final day of the Exercise
Period without further preconditions, if the Cash Amount is positive ("Automatic
Exercise"). In the event of Automatic Exercise, the confirmation referred to in the last sub-
paragraph of paragraph (1) shall be deemed to have been given automatically. In any other
circumstances, all rights arising from the Warrants that have not been exercised effectively
by then shall expire on that day and the Warrants shall become invalid.
(4) All taxes or other levies that may be incurred in connection with the exercise of the Warrants
shall be borne by the Warrant Holder.
The exercise or settlement amount shall be paid in the Settlement Currency without a
requirement for the Issuer or the Exercise Agent to give notice of any kind.
(5) The Issuer will transfer any Cash Amount to the Central Securities Depository on the
Payment Date upon Exercise for the credit of the Warrant Holders registered with the Central
Securities Depository at the close of business on the preceding Banking Day at the head
office of the Central Securities Depository. Upon the transfer of the Cash Amount to the
Central Securities Depository, the Issuer shall be released from its payment obligations to the
extent of the amount paid.
The Central Securities Depository has given an undertaking to the Issuer to make a
corresponding onward transfer.
No. 4
(not applicable)
Part B. Underlying Specific Conditions 9No. 5
Underlying
(1) The "Underlying" shall be the share or security representing shares specified as the
Underlying in Table 2 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions of the Company
specified in Table 2 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions (the "Company").
(2) The "Reference Price" of the Underlying shall correspond to the price specified as the
Reference Price of the Underlying in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions,
as calculated and published on Trading Days on the Relevant Exchange specified in Table 2
of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions (the "Relevant Exchange"). The "Observation
Price" of the Underlying shall correspond to the prices for the Underlying calculated and
published on an ongoing basis on the Relevant Exchange on Trading Days. "Observation
Hours" shall be the Trading Hours. "Trading Days" shall be days on which the Underlying
is normally traded on the Relevant Exchange. "Trading Hours" shall be hours during which
the Underlying is normally traded on the Relevant Exchange on Trading Days.
No. 6
Adjustments
(1) If an Adjustment Event pursuant to paragraph (2) of this No. 6 occurs, the Issuer shall
determine whether the relevant Adjustment Event has a diluting, concentrative or other effect
on the computed value of the Underlying and, if such is the case, shall if necessary make a
corresponding Adjustment to the affected features of the Warrants (referred to in the
following as "Adjustments"), which in its reasonable discretion is appropriate in order to
take account of the diluting, concentrative or other effect and to leave the Warrant Holders as
far as possible in the same position in financial terms as they were in before the Adjustment
Event took effect. The Adjustments may relate, inter alia, to the Strike, the Multiplier and
other relevant features, as well as to the replacement of the Underlying by a basket of shares
or other assets or, in the event of a merger, by an adjusted number of shares of the absorbing
or newly formed company and, where relevant, the specification of a different exchange as
the Relevant Exchange and/or a different currency as the Reference Currency. The Issuer
may (but is not obliged to) base the determination of this appropriate Adjustment on the
adjustment made in response to the relevant Adjustment Event by a futures exchange, on
which options or futures contracts on the Underlying are traded at the time of the Adjustment
Event, in respect of options or futures contracts on the relevant share traded on that futures
exchange.
(2) An "Adjustment Event" shall be:
(a) the subdivision (stock split), combination (reverse stock split) or reclassification of the
respective shares or the distribution of dividends in the form of bonus shares or stock
dividends or a comparable issue;
(b) the increase in the capital of the Company by means of the issue of new shares in return
for capital contributions, with the grant of a direct or indirect subscription right to its
shareholders (capital increase for capital contributions); 10(c) the increase of the capital of the Company from its own financial resources (capital
increase from corporate funds);
(d) the grant by the Company to its shareholders of the right to subscribe for bonds or other
securities with option or conversion rights (issue of securities with option or conversion
rights);
(e) the distribution of an extraordinary dividend;
(f) the spin-off of a division of the Company in such a way that a new, independent
company is formed or the division is absorbed by a third company, with the grant to the
shareholders of the Company of shares in either the new company or the absorbing
company for no consideration;
(g) the permanent delisting of the Underlying on the Relevant Exchange as a result of a
merger by absorption or new company formation or for another reason;
(h) other comparable events that could have a diluting, concentrative or other effect on the
calculated value of the Underlying.
(3) The rules described in the preceding paragraphs shall apply analogously to securities
representing shares as the Underlying (such as ADRs, ADSs or GDRs).
(4) Changes in the method of calculating the Reference Price or other prices for the Underlying
that are relevant in accordance with these Terms and Conditions, including a change in the
Trading Days or Trading Hours relevant for the Underlying, shall entitle the Issuer to adjust
the Option Right accordingly in its reasonable discretion. The Issuer shall determine the date
on which the adjusted Option Right shall first apply, taking account of the date of the change.
(5) In the event that the Underlying is permanently delisted on the Relevant Exchange but
continues to be listed on another exchange or another market which the Issuer in its
reasonable discretion considers to be suitable (the "New Relevant Exchange "), then, subject
to extraordinary Termination of the Warrants by the Issuer pursuant to No. 2 of the General
Conditions, the Cash Amount shall be calculated on the basis of the corresponding prices for
the Underlying calculated and published on the New Relevant Exchange. In addition, all
references in these Terms and Conditions to the Relevant Exchange shall then be deemed,
insofar as the context allows, to be references to the New Relevant Exchange.
(6) In the event that a voluntary or compulsory liquidation, bankruptcy, insolvency, winding up,
dissolution or comparable procedure affecting the Company is initiated, or in the event of a
process as a result of which all of the shares in the Company or all or substantially all of the
assets of the Company are nationalized or expropriated or required to be transferred in some
other way to government bodies, authorities or institutions, or if following the occurrence of
an event of another kind the Issuer reaches the conclusion that it is not possible to make an
Adjustment that would reflect the changes that have occurred appropriately from a financial
point of view, then the Issuer will terminate the Warrants pursuant to No. 2 of the General
Conditions.
(7) The Issuer shall give notice of the Adjustments and the date on which the Adjustments
become effective in accordance with No. 4 of the General Conditions. 11No. 7
Market Disruption Events
(1) If a Market Disruption Event in accordance with paragraph (2) of this No. 7 exists on the
Valuation Date, then the Valuation Date shall be postponed to the next following day which
fulfills the criteria for a Valuation Date in accordance with No. 2 of the Issue Specific
Conditions and on which a Market Disruption Event no longer exists. The Issuer shall
endeavor to give notice to the Warrant Holders without delay in accordance with No. 4 of the
General Conditions that a Market Disruption Event has occurred. However, there shall be no
obligation to give notice. If, as a result of the provisions of this paragraph, the Valuation Date
has been postponed for five (5) consecutive days that fulfill the criteria for a Valuation Date
in accordance with No. 2 (3) of the Issue Specific Conditions and if the Market Disruption
Event continues to exist on that day as well, then that day shall be deemed to be the Valuation
Date and the Issuer shall determine the Cash Amount in its reasonable discretion taking
account of the market conditions prevailing on any such deemed Valuation Date.
(2) " Market Disruption Event" shall mean
(i) the suspension or restriction of trading in the Underlying on the Relevant Exchange, or
(ii) the suspension or restriction of trading (including the lending market) in a futures or
options contract based on the Underlying on a Futures Exchange on which futures or
options contracts based on the Underlying are traded (the "Futures Exchange ");
if that suspension or restriction occurs or exists in the last half-hour before the calculation of
the closing price of the Underlying that would normally take place and is material as
determined by the Issuer in its reasonable discretion. A change in the Trading Days or
Trading Hours on or during which the Underlying is traded does not constitute a Market
Disruption Event, provided that the change takes place as the result of a previously
announced change in the trading regulations by the Relevant Exchange. 12ANNEX TO THE ISSUE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
Table 1 – supplementary to Part A. Product Specific Conditions
Issue Date: 14/05/2014
Initial value date in France: 19/05/2014
ISIN / Local
Trading
CodeUnderlying Type Quanto Initial Issue
PriceSettlement
Currency
(also
"Currency of the
Issue")Strike /
Knock-Out
BarrierMultiplier Observation Period /
Valuation
Date /
Maturity DateType of Exercise Number Reference Price of
the
Underlying
("Reference Price" )
DE000CF99J53 /
3338CAXA BEAR No EUR 0.26 Euro (EUR) EUR 18.00 / EUR
18.00
0.25 14/05/2014 to 18/09/2014
/
18/09/2014 / 25/09/2014European 3,000,000 Closing price
Table 2 – supplementary to Part B. Underlying Specific Conditions
Underlying (Company) / Share type ISIN or Reuters Code
of the UnderlyingRelevant Stock Exchange Currency Conversion Date Currency in which the
Reference Price is expressed
("Reference Currency ")
AXA S.A. / Common Shares FR0000120628 Euronext Paris not applicable Euro (EUR)
The following specific meanings shall apply in this context:
Deutsche Börse : Deutsche Börse AG, Frankfurt, Germany (XETRA®)
EUREX : EUREX, Frankfurt, Germany
STOXX Limited, Zurich : STOXX Limited, Zurich, Switzerland
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. : Dow Jones & Company, Inc., New York, U.S.A.
NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. : NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc., Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Nikkei Inc. : Nikkei Inc., Tokyo, Japan
Standard & Poor’s Corp. : Standard & Poor's Corp., New York, N.Y., U.S.A.
AEX Options and Futures Exchange : AEX Options and Futures Exchange, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Bolsa de Derivados Portugal : Bolsa de Derivados Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
EUREX : EUREX, Zurich, Switzerland
Euronext Amsterdam/ Euronext Lisbon/ Euronext Paris :Euronext Amsterdam N.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands/ Euronext Lisbon S.A., Lisbon, Portugal/ Euronext
Paris S.A., Paris, France
Helsinki Securities and Derivatives Exchange, Clearing House (HEX Ltd.) : Helsinki Securities and Derivatives Exchange, Clearing House (HEX Ltd.), Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki Derivatives Exchange (HEX Ltd.) : Helsinki Derivatives Exchange (HEX Ltd.), Helsinki, Finland 13HSIL : Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited (“HSIL”), Hong Kong, China
Madrid stock exchange : Bolsa de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
MEFF : Mercado de Futures Financieros Madrid, Madrid, Spain
NYSE : New York Stock Exchange, New York, NY, USA
OCC : Options Clearing Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
OSE : Osaka Securities Exchange, Osaka, Japan
TSE : Tokyo Stock Exchange, Tokyo, Japan
SIX Swiss Exchange, Swiss Exchange : SIX Swiss Exchange, Switzerland 14ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Name and address of the paying agents and the calculation agent
Paying Agent(s):
Citigroup Global Markets Ltd., 1-5 Rue Paul Cézanne, 75008 Paris, France
Calculation Agent:
Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG, Frankfurter Welle, Reuterweg 16, 60323
Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany
Offer method
The Warrants are being offered over-the-counter on a continuous basis in one series.
The offer of the Warrants begins in France on 14/05/2014.
Stock exchange listing
Application has been made to include the Warrants to trading in the regulated market on the
Eurolist, Euronext Paris S.A. Stock Exchange, which is a regulated market within the meaning of
Directive 2004/39/EC starting from 14/05/2014.
Consent to the use of the Prospectus
The Issuer consents to the use of the Prospectus by all financial intermediaries (general consent).
The general consent to the subsequent resale and final placement of the securities by the financial
intermediaries is given with respect to France.
The subsequent resale and final placement of the securities by financial intermediaries may take
place during the period of validity of the Base Prospectus pursuant to § 9 of the German Securities
Prospectus Act (Wertpapierprospektgesetz, "WpPG").
Issue price, price calculation and costs and taxes on purchase
The initial issue price is specified in Table 1 of the Annex to the Issue Specific Conditions.
Both the initial issue price and the bid and ask prices quoted by the Issuer during the term of the
Warrants are calculated using theoretical pricing models. In this context, the bid and ask prices for
the Warrants are determined on the basis, among other things, of the mathematical value of the
Warrants, the costs of hedging and accepting risk and the expected return. Please see also the
information provided under "Risk relating to the calculation of the warrant prices" and "4. Risk of
conflicts of interest", both in Section "II. Risk factors" under sub-section "B. Risk factors
associated with Warrants".
No costs or taxes of any kind for the warrant holders will be deducted by the Issuer whether the
Warrants are purchased off-market (in countries where this is permitted by law) or via a stock
exchange. Such costs or taxes should be distinguished from the fees and costs charged to the
purchaser of the Warrants by his bank for executing the securities order, which are generally
shown separately on the statement for the purchase transaction in addition to the price of the
Warrants. The latter costs depend solely on the particular terms of business of the warrant
purchaser's bank. In the case of a purchase via a stock exchange, additional fees and expenses are
also incurred. Furthermore, warrant holders are generally charged an individual fee in each case 15by their bank for managing the securities account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, profits arising
from the Warrants or capital represented by the Warrants may be subject to taxation.
Information on the underlying
Website: www.axa.com
Disclaimers in relation to Share Prices used as Underlyings
Insofar as share prices are the underlying of Warrants issued by the issuer and described in this Final
Terms document, the respective public limited company that has issued the relevant shares, to whose
reference price the Warrants relate (the “Issuer of the Underlying”), does not express any
recommendation for the Warrants issued by Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG, Frankfurt am
Main. The Issuer of the underlying neither directly nor indirectly assumes any liability for the
Warrants issued by Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG, Frankfurt am Main.
The Warrants are the sole obligation of Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG and do not involve
liability on the part of the Issuer of the underlying. This is not an offer of shares. The Issuer of the
underlying has not been and does not want to be involved, neither directly nor indirectly, in deciding
the timing of the issue, or the preparation of this document, or the constitution of the option rights
under these securities. Furthermore, the Warrant Holder will not have any right through the Warrant to
any information, votes or dividends in the Issuer of the underlying.
Publication of additional information
The Issuer does not intend to provide any additional information about the underlying.
The Issuer will publish additional notices described in detail in the terms and conditions.
Examples of such notices are adjustments of the features of the Warrants as a result of
adjustments relating to the underlying which may, for example, affect the conditions for
calculating the cash amount or a replacement of the underlying . A further example is the early
redemption of the Warrants if an adjustment cannot be made.
Notices under these terms and conditions are generally published on the Issuer's website. If and to
the extent that mandatory provisions of the applicable laws or exchange regulations require
notices to be published elsewhere, they will also be published, where necessary, in the place
prescribed in each case. 16ANNEX – ISSUE SPECIFIC SUMMARY
Section A – Introduction and warnings
A.1 This Summary presents the key features and risks of Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG (the
"Issuer") and of the Warrants issued under the Base Prospectus dated 7 May 2014 (as supplemented from
time to time). The Summary is intended as an introduction to the Base Prospectus. Investors should
therefore ensure that any decision to invest in the Warrants is based on a review of the entire Prospectus,
including the documents incorporated by reference, any supplements and the Final Terms. Where claims
relating to the information contained in a base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference, any
supplements, and the respective Final Terms are brought before a court, the investor acting as plaintiff
may, as a result of the laws of individual member states of the European Economic Area, have to bear the
costs of translating the base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference, any supplements, and
the Final Terms into the language of the court prior to the commencement of legal proceedings. The Issuer
has assumed responsibility for this Summary including any translations of the same. The Issuer or persons
who have tabled the Summary may be held liable, but only in the event that the Summary is misleading,
inaccurate or inconsistent when read in conjunction with the other parts of the Prospectus, or, when read in
conjunction with the other parts of the Base Prospectus, does not convey all of the key information
required.
A.2 Consent to the use
of the prospectusThe Issuer consents to the use of the Prospectus by all financial intermediaries
(general consent). The general consent to the subsequent resale and final placement
of the securities by the financial intermediaries is given with respect to France (the
"Offer State").
The subsequent resale and final placement of the securities by financial
intermediaries may take place during the period of validity of the Base Prospectus
pursuant to § 9 of the German Securities Prospectus Act
(Wertpapierprospektgesetz , "WpPG").
In the event of an offer by a financial intermediary, the terms and conditions
of the offer must be provided to investors at the time of the offer by the
financial intermediary.
Section B – Issuer and any guarantors
B.1 The legal and
commercial name
of the issuer ..The legal and commercial name of the Issuer is Citigroup Global Markets
Deutschland AG.
B.2 The domicile and
legal form of the
issuer, the
legislation under
which the issuer
operates and its
country of
incorporation.Domicile
Frankfurt am Main; the address of Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland AG is
Frankfurter Welle, Reuterweg 16, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of
Germany (telephone +49 (0)69-1366-0).
Legal form and jurisdiction
The Issuer is a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft, "AG") under German law.
| 0.043175
| -0.565407
| 865
| 3,522
| 28
| -1
|
Warrants & Issuer Risk
| false
|
99,726
|
sn86076321_1898-08-02_1_3_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Public Domain
|
Gardnerville Record. Tuesday, August 2, 1898. Published Weekly. OF DOUGLAS COUNTY. Judge District Court. C. E. Muck State Senator. J. H. Martin Assemblyman. R. T. Wilkerson Sheriff and Assessor. J. F. Brookliss Clerk and Treasurer. N. Blossom Auditor and Recorder. F. Klotz Dist. Att’y and Sunt, of E. C. Selby Schools Coroner. O. W. Selby County Surveyor. R. Cook COMMISSIONERS. D. B. Park. Sheriff J. Rodenbaugh. Gardnerville F. Fettig. Genes Gardnerville district Justice of the Peace. L. S. Ezell Constable. C. Jespersou Trib is a good liniment The thermometer dropped out of its case at Jensens last week. Miss. Agnes Coaner is rapidly recovering her health. There were fifteen of the Church Temp, Tramp who left Gardnerville on a straw ride, and yelled loud enough on leaving town to make one think there were a hundred of them. A pleasant time was spent at Rodenbaha, and the return in the moonlight was delightful. Wm. Biel is said to now be out of danger. The thermometer registered 102 in the shade at Peter Van Sickles Saturday afternoon. The business for the new bakery is engaging, and the Mottaville people are finding that Mrs. A. W. Ramsay's bread, cakes, and pies are first class. Fred Langdon Jr. says the bull from the home ranch have bells on, so they won't get lost while searching for water. Dr. L. H. Francis is recovering from his recent illness. The Carson Appeal says that four long petitions have been filed with the county clerk, containing several hundred names, praying the city trustees not to discontinue the electric lights, the petition was refused by the Board. It is estimated that in Humboldt county alone there is a half million acres of land that could be reclaimed by building storage reservoirs. This would support a population several times that of the entire State at the present time. By all means let nothing stand in the way of building the storage reservoirs. Silver State. The Nevada Mineral Faint will stand anything. It does not crack from the sun, or warp with water. Mrs. J. N. Parsons, of Antelope Valley, visited friends in Gardiner, and returned home Saturday. W. M. Oatwald, of the Santa Rosa "Republican" paid the Record office a pleasant visit Saturday. Attention is called in the new Dewey, hats in another column. For sale by P. C. Wilder & Co. Wm. Fulton is securing supplies in Gardiner, and will make an extended stay in Pine Nut. He has secured a contract for getting out a quantity of wood. Peter Ralibuck left Gardiner with the Blue Wagon loaded to the gunwales with all kinds of goods. He will visit Bodie, Copper Mountain, Mono Lake, Lundy, and Sweetwater. The load will weigh about a ton and a half. P. C. Wilder who has been visiting the Lake with his wife and Miss Ada Bore the past few days, returned Thursday last well pleased with the trip. Richford Hotel which is fast nearing completion will be called "The Latest." Mrs. Ada Bore left for Reno en route for San Francisco, where she will visit for a few days. A few weeks, and will then return to Iowa to take charge of her school. Mrs. Rodenbah of the Rising Star Lodge, I. O. O. T. gave a farewell party in honor of Mrs. Ada Bore and Willie Exell. A handsome upright Piano for Sale at a bargain. Party's must sell at once, address A. B. C. Cardenville, Nev. A. B. Boles was in from the mine Sunday, looking very much pleased over something. Mr. S. A. Pettigrew has been quite ill, and is now recovering. Mrs. E. M. Burl has her two little boys visiting her from the Orphans Home. Andrew Ritchie, who recently returned from Dawson City, is now in Reno receiving medical treatment. The northern climate was too much for him. Charles Plumb of Woodland, Cal., has obtained a good position through the kind offices of Leslie Bell. He will take charge of Hardys' Hotel on the Bodie road. Mr. Plumb passed through town last week. Lots of smoke in Valley. Several Forrest tires are raging. One at Mountain House and one at Meyers Station. The following guests were registered at the East Fork Hotel this week. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison, Placerville. Oscar Irendon Carson, O. W. Irvin Reno. W. E. Lindsay Antelope Valley, D. E. Simpson and daughter Ella, Wellington. The infant daughter of Mr. Kingsbury of Monitor was buried at Fredericksburg Sunday afternoon. Mrs. A. W. Ramsay won a handsome diamond ring at a raffle last week. An upright Piano for sale cheap, inquire at Kboobd Office. Me. Kinneys’ Hotel, Lake Tahoe was entered and robbed of $40. Mert Seamans place near Cradlebaugh's Bridge, was entered last Monday in the proprietors' absence, and several bottles of liquor were stolen. The case of O. Cordelli et al. vs. B. Pfeifer is set for trial August 2nd. Gen. Clarke represents the Defendant, and V. F. Deal the Plaintiff. Gen. R. M. Clarke will leave for Oregon in a few days, on legal business, after which he will go to Tucson, Arizona, to try a case. Senator Stewart, Wife, and private Secretary arrived in Carson Friday last. The Senator looks happy and was warmly received by his many friends in the Capitol City. The Tish Drug store is the leading depot for photographic supplies. All sizes of those dollar shoes for boys. Charles H. Kelly & Co., Arlington block. A new lot just in. Editor Smith of the Courier was in Carson last week rustling. New "ads" next week, exchange. Everything is water, where ever you go you hear water. Tish Dewey hats at P. C. Wilder & Co. are just the thing. Neat, Dressy, and at popular prices. The story about one Ransom having been killed at Lake Thibo, turned out to be a fake. The dance at Sheridan Saturday night was a pleasant affair, and the music was good. A purse containing money was found in front of P. C. Wilder & Co's store. Owner can have same by describing property. Apply at Wells Fargo & Co's office. Hon. Francis G. Newlin is in Reno. He has been in. Last Friday in Carson and was very reticent about his candidacy for the Senatorship. He was however willing to talk about most anything else. He will stop in Reno a few days. Fresh Creams at Reiggs. Miss. Malvin Richford has been engaged as assistant to teach the Genoa School. (Minutes From Clarksville.) The town has been quite lively the past few days. Everyone that comes in Baku, are the reservoirs full, and on getting an affirmative reply, seems to be satisfied. Mrs. Grover will soon cut about 100 tons of fine hay as ever saw. All the boys from Mineral Hill are now engaged in haying in this vicinity. Wm. M. Thornburg, Joe Small, and assistants are opening the gates of the reservoirs. Mr. Thornburg reports business good on the toll road this year. A. Livingston and Warren Noteware visited this place. The former is Treasurer and the latter Secretary of the Alpine Land and Reservoir company. They were looking after the interests of the Company's property in this County. Willie Larson’s and Mrs. Grover's hotels are doing a good business this fall. The sheep men report the feed very scarce on the range this summer. A tramp who attempted to oust Capt. Jim and his family from their wicker up near town was arrested Friday evening, and in the morning turned loose again on the hard gold world; no I mean hot world. B. Harvey of Diamond Valley, will shortly move to Idaho, where he has numerous relatives. BRIGGS ROUSE CARSON NEVADA. MALES 25 CENTS. LODGING 25 & 50 CENTS. FORGULSTO ALL TRAINS. Gilbert Briggs, Proprietor. Continued from first page. The rise in the river from 7 P.M. July 31 on The main channel is 0.18 feet equal to a rise in second area of 13.5 square feet on top of former area of 48 square feet. Data for exact computation are in progress and will be sent as soon as practicable. A. J. Chalmers. Rev. Geo. H. Greenfield will preach at Motifville next Sunday, August 7th at 11:30. The theme will be, Evidences of an Immortal Life. The Reverend gentlemen will also preach at Markleeville on August 0th at 8 P.M. Miss Bowers of Dayton, returned from Wellington this week, and will shortly return to Napa City, Cal., where she has taught school for the past eight years. Peck the Photographer is making a good work. Low prices. Miss, his Peck of Auburn, Cal., will arrive in Gardinerville this week. The camping party from Gardinerville have returned from the Alpine mountains, in the best of health, and perfectly delighted with the trip. The Rev. D. W. Von Deventer preached an interesting Sermon Sunday at Gardinerville. His text was, “The greatest of these is love.” David Starr Jordan and wife of Stanford University are rusticating at Glen Alpine, Lake County. George Jottings. Whitney Jewell of Hohart was at the Hub yesterday on business. E. B. Smith of the Lake Side House accommodated thirty guests last week. Judge Mack will be in District Court next Monday, August 8th, when the case of Cohn vs. Cohn will come up. Mert Seaman Sr. has returned from California. Rudolph Seaman and wife, and Mrs. L. M. Lewis have returned from Pineerville. Frank Titus was over from Glenbrook and spent Sunday at home. Jerry Raycraft is at home for a test after his labors at the Mountain House. Mrs. Sharp (formerly Miss Esther Jones) from Oakland visited Mrs. Simons last week. All Around. The Supreme Court was in session yesterday morning examining applicants for admission to the bar. Those successfully passing the examination were Miss Georgia Johnson, Jay White, Jim Sweeney, and District Attorney Nagle of Douglas county. Miss Johnson is the third lady to have passed the examination in Nevada and her many friends are delighted to have her. Appeal congratulates all four and trusts they make a success of their chosen advocate. — Appeal. Charles Moore, a former resident of Gardiner, Douglas county, was arrested at Folsom, Cal., on a charge of horse stealing. Carson News. The Lutherans Picnic. At the Lutheran Sunday School picnic last week, the following named were awarded the prizes: Hack race for boys, H. Luhrs. Potato race for large boys, Daugherty, small, Clarence Hussman, Herbert Dressier. Girls, A. Wehrmann. Running for girls, Emma Henningson. Rose Thrau. Married men's race, Fritz Dressier. Unmixed men's race, Geo. Heitman. Young ladies, Clam Frevert. Married men's race, Mrs. Fritz Dressier. Very small boys, Geo. Henningsen. Larger, Willie Hettler. Large, Lou Stodioke. The prizes were appropriate, and gave universal satisfaction. Just Received DISHES STOVES CLOCKS DRESSES ICTURES The Emporium gives away more presents and sells at lower prices than store in the State. Suits at $10; worth $15. Suits at $15, worth $20. Underwear at $1 per suit, worth $2. Pants from $1 to $3.50. Emporium Overalls, Jumpers, Blouses, Golf and Negligee Shirts at 50 cents. THE EMPORIUM. Opposite B. & C. Bank, Carson, Nevada. Arrival and Departure of Trains. ARRIVES TRAINS DEPARTURES SOUTHERN PACIFIC 8:35 p.m. No. 1, Eastbound Ex 8:45 p.m. 8:00 a.m. No. 8, East bound from 8:10 a.m. 9:00 a.m. No. 3, Westbound from 10:10 p.m. VIRGINIA AND TRUCK No. 1, Virginia Ex. 8:45 p.m. No. 9, Bad Fran. Ex. 8:15 a.m. No. 3, Local Passenger 11:40 a.m. No. 4, Local Passenger 1:45 p.m. No. 6, R. R. Express and Freight 4:15 p.m. Express and Freight 8:50 a.m. HAIL ARRIVES CLOSES San Francisco, Sacramento and points in California and Oregon 8:15 a.m. 8:00 p.m. Gon. 10:00 p.m. 10:10 p.m. Ogden and all Eastern points 8:15 p.m. 8:00 a.m. Carson, Virginia and all Southern points 8:35 p.m. 8:00 a.m. Buffalo Meadows and Beechshead mail arrives every Thursday at 4:15 p.m. and closes every Friday at 8 a.m. V. A. T. locked pouch from Virginia and Carson arrives at 11:45 a.m.; mail for same days at 1:30 p.m. From 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sundays from 9 to 10 a.m. VIRGINIA AND TRUCKEE GENERAL OFFICES CALIFORNIA NEVADA. H. M. Yerrington, E. B. Ysrington, Gen Supt. Gen Frt. and Peas. Agt. From Reno. To Helena. Local Virgin! Oct. 21 1898. 8 V. Local Pass Express Express Ex press Pass, pm am Leave Arrive p m a m 1 35 8 11 Rees 8 08 n 40 9 10 8 37' Steamboat 7 31 j n is |9 55 9 06 Franktown 7 08 10 39 5 00 9 40 Farmington 0 M # 5j. 5 56 | 10 20 ffeRNd J»wsrs g g g 4jJ 6 88 10 58 “GSldTHTTl- 5 21 7 5(i 6 50 11 05 Virginias 5 10 7 45 pm am Arrive Leave pm am FOR SALE. Large lot of all kinds of household furniture, Crockery, Glassware, Bedding, Pianos, Billiard tables, etc. ALSO TWO GOOD FRAME HOUSES, SUITABLE FOR MOVING IN. For particulars inquire at agency, Bank of California, Nevada. J. W. Eckley. Artistic! Painter Paper Hanging, Graining, Lettering, And All Work Pertaining To the Trade. Satisfaction Guaranteed. W. H. STOCK. Gardnerville, — — — Nevada. Not A Pocket Piece - But a Timepiece Right today Right tomorrow-Right always is just what your watch will be if I do your repairing. No disappointment then-You'll be there at the time appointed. A. W. H. HELBERG WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, AT P. C. WILDER & CO. STORE. Gardnerville, Nevada. INSURANCE. -Fire-Life-Accident Leading Companies Lowest Rates. Farm and City Property. -Blickensdale Typewriters REAL ESTATE, Charles H. Peters. Canon City Nevada. ADOLF ROHLFS BLACKSMITH, WAGON MAKING. All Kinds of Repairing. Horse Shoeing a Specialty. Pratt and Creamery Road. H. BEHRMAN. CREAMERY SALOON. Fresh Beer on tap. Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Freeman Lane and Creamery Road.
| 0.55259
| -0.587724
| 881
| 3,427
| 233
| 233
|
Mining & Industry
| false
|
99,727
|
github_open_source_100_2_8244
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
using buildeR.Common.DTO.ProjectGroup;
using buildeR.Common.DTO.TeamMember;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace buildeR.Common.DTO.Group
{
public sealed class GroupDTO
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public bool IsPublic { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public ICollection<ProjectGroupDTO> ProjectGroups { get; set; }
public ICollection<TeamMemberDTO> TeamMembers { get; set; }
}
}
| 0.411609
| 0.850157
| 3,821
| 15,194
| 164
| -1
|
Exceptions Summary
| false
|
99,728
|
github_open_source_100_2_8245
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# crypt_api.py
#
# Copyright 2016 Andrei Tumbar <atuser@Kronos>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
# MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
#
import encrypt
import os
# Not the real salt to keep user security
# This file will be compiled and a different salt will be used
# When this program is compiled
PASSWORD_SALT="NOT_THE_REAL_SALT"
def encrypt_credentials (email, password):
# Create an temp in file
in_file = """email=%s,password=%s""" % (email, password)
del email
del password
in_file = open ('temp.key', 'wb')
in_file.write(in_file)
in_file.close()
del in_file
with open('temp.key', 'rb') as in_file, open('cache.key', 'wb+') as out_file:
encrypt(in_file, out_file, PASSWORD_SALT)
os.remove('temp.key')
def decrypt_credentials ():
with open('cache.key', 'rb') as in_file, open('temp.key', 'wb') as out_file:
decrypt(in_file, out_file, PASSWORD_SALT)
creds = out_file.read().split(',')
os.remove('temp.key')
return creds
| 0.46604
| 0.664143
| 3,438
| 13,661
| 292
| 292
|
Code Snippets & Parsing
| false
|
99,729
|
sn93053725_1901-07-09_1_8_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Public Domain
|
WATERBURY EVENING DEMOCRAT. - TUESDAY, JULY 9, 1901 If Gone, What's gone? The Fourth of July is gone, and it was a very quiet day for Waterbury. We didn't have the celebrations like the days of George Washington, or even the days of the Spanish-American war. Patriotism of the Fourth of July kind doesn't seem to strike Waterbury citizens at all; it wants too much money. If it was close to election day, you'd see fireworks going up in all sections, yes, and money running as freely as the beautiful waters of the Mad river out in Wolcott; you'd also hear promises of every nature, even a solemn promise that Hamilton Park would be the very first improvement Waterbury was to receive after they were elected to office. Say, the people who have it in their power to lay out and equip a beautiful park for the city of Waterbury should feel rather backward in looking for political favors next fall. Remember election day is coming and people who give a black eye to necessary improvements and only think or how to hoodwink the people should be taught a lesson. If these people would pay more attention to what they drink, their nerves would be of the right caliber. Good test and coffee (the kind we sell) will nourish the mind and body and also keep your nerves in proper shape. Our nice tasting, newly made creamery butter, 22c per pound, will make you eat a hearty meal. For further information inquire at PHELAN'S STORE East Haia St. Telephone: Simmons Hardware, Window and Door Screens. Hammocks, Hammock Rope, Hooks, Sticks, Etc. Ice Cream Freezers. Ice Water Coolers. ICE PICKS, CHISELS, AND AXES. The largest stock of 4th OF JULY GOODS in the City. Blank Cartridges, Cannon Powder, Revolvers, Etc. Prices the lowest. Bolan's, Hardware Store, "The Shop" Store Awnings. Let us give you an estimate on an Awning that is Made Well, Looks Well, Wears Well, That kind costs no more than the other! Lapalrae-Hoffman Co, Painters, Furnishers, Decorators. 15S-160 GRAND STREET. Before Doing Your Housecleaning, We would ask you to give us a call and see what we can do for you in the way of giving you something to banish bugs, roaches and other house insects. We can also give you more Soap for your money than any other store in the city. Best Syrup in the city at 10c a qt. Quart, bottle Catsup, 10c. Extra large bottle Chow-Cow or Mixed Pickles, 10c. Everything else comparatively low. We can save you money. Come and see us at Penn Merchandise Co, 118 EAST MAIN ST. WEST THE OPTICIAN. 140 BANK. WHEN LOOKING For a Wedding or a Birthday Present, IT WILL PAY YOU to come and look over our stock of Sterling Silverware, as we have a complete assortment of all new and pretty patterns. Also remember that we do all kinds of repairing in all kinds of metal and silver. PAY THE PRINTER. The Democrat collector is now making his rounds and it is hoped that those in arrears will give him the glad hand, as well as a few dollars. Remember that a dollar or two from all our subscribers will make quite a showing when put in one pile. It takes a whole lot of money and energy to conduct a daily newspaper, and it is to be hoped that those who have been holding back will pay up now, so that they may continue to peruse the columns of the Democrat each evening and learn of the events of the day in the city, state and country. CITY NEWS, Don't bake, but buy Domestic pies. Otto Herbert of Brooklyn, N.Y., has returned home, after a week's vacation spent with his parents on East Porter street. A most enjoyable lawn party was tendered by Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pilon at their residence, 42 East Liberty street, last evening. Mr. and Mrs. George German and family have returned home to Brooklyn, N.Y., after a three weeks' vacation spent with friends in this city. A large crowd went on the excursion to Hanover park today given under the auspices of the Second and Third Congregational churches. Samuel Cowan, an employee of the clock company, expects to leave for Belleview hospital this evening to undergo an operation for stomach trouble. The funeral of the late Theodore Knapp, aged 82 years, who died Sunday at his home in Plymouth, took place this afternoon, with interment in Riverside cemetery. Henry M. Whiteman and Miss Minnie E. Grieder, both of this city, were married on July 4 in New York city, by the Rev J. Merion Cornish of the Twenty-fourth street Methodist church. While some passenger cars were being side tracked yesterday at the Dubuque street station, one of the cars was pushed partly into the Mad River where it is still. Word has been received here of the death of Arthur L. Hayden, a former clerk at the Scovill house, at Glenwood Springs, Col. The body will be brought to Hopkinsville, Mass., for burial. The street department is widening the gutters on Canal street, and the work when completed will not only add to the general appearance of the place but will be a great public improvement as well. There is a dog on Fuller street that will not be long for this earth if it is not kept at the end of a short chain. This morning he jumped over a four or five-foot picket fence to chase after a passerby. The owner should take warning and tie him up. Funeral services were held this afternoon over the remains of the late Harold Richard Singleton at the home of his parents on Ludlow street, by the Rev Dr. Buckley. The remains will be taken to Middletown for burial. On the 8:50 train tomorrow morning. The selectmen are in receipt of an order from Judge Roraback to be present at the hearing on the application of the Connecticut Lighting and Railway Co for approval of its plans to extend its lines from Oakville to Watertown, which will be held in the superior court, this city, on July 11 at 11 o'clock in the forenoon. Charles Maher of 23G East Main street had a gold watch stolen from him a short time ago. The police were informed of the theft and Sergeant Casey was soon on the trail of the person who stole it. The latter became aware of that fact and he has accordingly returned the watch to its owner. James McLaughlin, captain of Police of Yonkers, N.Y., is visiting friends in town. This is Captain McLoughlin's first visit in this city and he is favorably impressed with the city and its surroundings. He paid a visit to Captain Bannon at police headquarters last night and had a conversation with him concerning the ins and outs of the police system in Waterbury, Yonkers and other cities. Ernest R. Norris, aged 32 years, died yesterday afternoon at the residence of his sister, Mrs. George M. Vaden, 238 Cooke street, of Bright's disease. Some time ago, he went to the Prints home at Colorado Springs, thinking he might find relief there, but he did not improve, and returned to Waterbury, where he lingered until yesterday afternoon, when he passed away, fortified by the rites of the Catholic church, administered by the Rev. Father Kennedy of the Immaculate Conception church. Mr. Norris was a well-known printer and was well liked by all who knew him. The remains will be taken to Chatham, N.Y., for burial, tomorrow morning at 7:30 o'clock, in charge of Mulville. Contractor Chatfield has commenced operations on the retaining wall which the trolley company has agreed to build on the Watertown road from the point where its tracks enter upon the street to the city line. When the wall is built, the road will be widened to a width of about sixty feet and the tracks removed from the center of the street to the edge of the wall, leaving a roadway between these points which will be the finest in the city. All the cost will be met by the trolley company. This is in accordance with an agreement entered into between the city and the company and it is regarded, as the best terms the city ever got from the company. They put their rails down without conforming to any conditions and Mayor Kilduff gave them their choice to face a lawsuit or make such improvements there as the conditions demanded. They chose the latter. Yesterday marked the 18th anniversary of the birth of Miss Millie Meehan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Meehan of Sylvan avenue, a popular employee of the New England Watch Co., and a dozen or fifteen of her shopmates, with other friends at the house as guests. The affair was a surprise to Miss Meehan, and when the crowd rushed in and took possession of the house, she scarcely knew what to make of the situation. All appeared laden with presents and fortified with cheerful dispositions, and for two or three hours the place was the scene of much gaiety and mirth, an interesting musical and literary program being rendered, followed by refreshments, during which Miss Meehan, her mother and the rest of the family demonstrated their ability to entertain. One of the features of the evening were the piano selections by Miss Mary Meehan, Miss Annie Brodrick and others. The funeral of Samuel Leisring will take place tomorrow afternoon at 3 o'clock from his late home, 81 Clark street. The preliminaries for installing the police telegraph system are under way at the police station. The actual work may begin any day. The officers of the different divisions of the A. O. H. will be installed tomorrow night by State President M. Doran. Through the kindness of the Rev. Father Slocum, the use of St. Patrick's hall has been secured for the evening. The meeting will be called To order by County President J. A. Hynes. Rev Father Kennedy of New Haven, state chaplain of the order, will be present. The presidents of the divisions are requested to meet Mr. Hynes this evening at his office in the Piatt block, East Main street. PURELY PERSONAL Dr. Callbreath returned last evening from his vacation. Mrs. William Hayes is spending a two weeks' vacation at Walnut Beach. The John T. Harrison residence was the scene of a family reunion on July 4. The family of Burt Spurr is spending a vacation for the summer at Salisbury. Miss Lucy Heffrin at Cherry street has accepted a position in O'Brien's bakery on North Main street. Miss Margaret Lynch of Union street has just returned from a vacation spent in Boston and Springfield, Mass. Miss Minnie Hughes and Miss Katie McLoughlin have returned home after spending a week's vacation with friends in Hartford. Mrs. Edward Cooke and Miss Laura Main of Bishop street have returned from an Enjoyable sojourn at the Holywood cottage at Walnut Beach. The Misses Mary Champayne and Evelyn Lemire have returned to their home in Rockville, after a short visit with their cousins, the Misses Chapeile of South Main street. 25 PER CENT. Reduction Sale of Furniture. For Cash or 30 Days Credit Only. This has been a Wet, Cold Spring and business has not been quite up to the usual standard. We wish to make up for lost time. TWENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS WORTH, OF NICE, NEW. CLEAN, UP-TO-DATE FURNITURE. THE 25 PER CENT DISCOUNT will be FAIR AND SQUARE. We have never misrepresented our advertisements in our entire business career, and positively will not begin now. If you have any items, please contact us at the store. We have a wide variety of goods, including but not limited to: VEAL, BREAST, AND LIGHT BREAST, 6c lb. Shoulder, 12c lb. Chops, 15c lb. Extra Low Prices on Pot Roasts for Wednesday, Castle's Market, Corner Union and South Main St. FREE DELIVERY. Phone connection. Often occasion distress at the instep, but that is not because the shoes are simply low they are not made right. The low shoes we have on sale are made to fit as snugly as a well-made glove. You get the benefit of a cooler shoe, with none of the discomforts of a shaky one, and the prices are right to suit most anybody. Patent leather and vici kid in hand welt and McKay sewed. Exchange Place - Wednesday - Low Ste We Have them! Yes, and we have them for the great multitude that want or will want them. Those nobby Duck and Crash Outing Hats for both ladies' and children's wear. Just the thing for summer and vacation wear. I. CHASE, EXCHANGE PLACE. SPECIAL PRICES ON Muslin Underwear. LOOK IN NORTH WIN- NIGHT ROBE r : At 98c Ladies' square neck cambric Night Robes, Hamburg trimmed yoke, were $1.25. At $1.25 Ladies' Empire Night Robes, just in line and undergarment, fine cambric, were $1.59. At $1.49 Ladies' surplice Night Robes, fine cambric, insertion and torchon lace trimmed, were $1.98. SKIRTS. At $1.98, Ladies' White Skirts, Hamburg ruffle of open work embroidery, were $2.50. At $2.50, Ladies' White Skirts; with bow knot lace and insertion, were $3.25. Skirts at $3.50, $3.98, $4.25, $4.50, and $7, lace and Hamburg trimmed. SKIRTS MADE FREE: Only a few more days left to place your orders. Don't wrap too long. You buy the material here and we make the skirt FREE OF CHARGE. A.M. HOTEL, 153 South Main Street. SPECIAL FOR TOMORROW. At 25c Summer Coats in all sizes. At 5c Celluloid Collars, from 10c. At 2c Buttermilk Soap, from 5c. At 1c paper Needles or Paper Pins, from 3c. At 5c Fast Black Hose, from 10c. At 25c Laces' Waists, from 50c and 69c. At 10c Children's Drawers or Waists. At 10c Misses' or Boys' double knee Hose, from 15c. OPTICIAN. PROF COULTER, SPECIALIST. High class examination FREE for refractive errors, and diseased conditions. Glasses properly fitted and guaranteed. Bank St. Waterbury, Conn. : O7 Established 1895. : Ol This Rooster SAYS Why is it that Kelly, charges more for his ICE CREAM. An Odner dealers? KBiuiuy SAYS If you will go to his factory at 416 West Main street and see how he makes his Cream, you will see why. : ' COWLON AO NEW SHOPPING MART. 142-148 South Main Stmt. High Grade Wash Goods at Very Low Prices for This Week. Handsome figured lawns and dimities in light and dark colors from 10c. Elegant lines of fine lawns, dimities and fine madras ginghams from 15c. Very fine woven madras ginghams from 10c. Handsome line of colored dotted Swisses in all new shades from 19c. Elegant designs of rich, silk ginghams, pretty combinations from 35c. 36 inch Sea Island percales from 12c. Best taffeta ginghams from 7c. Best taffeta ginghams from 7c. and 15c. Mill remnants of plain white lawns 19c. Handsome black lace stripes from 21c. 15c. Thursday's Special of Housewrappers. Ladies percale house wrappers, braid trimmed. Ladies percale house wrappers with a linen yoker plain and flounce trimmed from $1.00. Ladies' extra heavy percale wrappers; braid and epaulet trimmed, fitted lining, deep flounce 98c. Ladies: heavy percale wrappers, single and double epaulets and braid trimmed blouse sleeve and fitted lining, deep flounce $1. Ladies' handsome per- j cales wrappers, fitted bertha, border trim med, fitted linings and deep flounce, value $1.50, $1.25 Ladies' percale wrappers. Pers, wide lace guimp trimmed yoke and sleeve, also two rows feather stitched braid $1.50. Ladies' very fine percale tea gowns fitted slashed bertha embroidery Trimmed fitted linings, deep flounce $1.50. Summer Underwear Ladies' ribbed vests, lace trimmed shirts from 12c 3 for 25. Ladies' ribbed vests, lace trimmed straps from 19c 2 for 25. Ladies' silk ribbed vests, silk and ribbon trimmed straps from 25c 3 for 50c. Gents' Balbriggan and ribbed vests in Blue and black from 39c. Gents' medium weight underwear. 25c 25c. Gents' Egyptian yarn vests from 75c 47c. Did you know the laws of New York state make it a misdemeanor punishable by a fine and imprisonment to stamp cotton collars, or collars that cotton enters into the make-up as "linen?" Did you know that our popular priced collars are the only two-for-a-quarter collars stamped "warranted all linen" in this city? Did you ask why the others are not so stamped? The Alvido, Talent and Cinch are new members. ones, Morgan & Co., Business is Always Active at the BOSTON FURNITURE CO'S, You never find any lagging in this store. The healthy influences of a sound, healthy business is always manifest. Why? Due in a measure to our always the rock bottom prices; to the fact that the goods are up to the standard in qualities, styles and workmanship, and that our assortment is always complete. No meager, skimpy, and stingy stocks are in this store. We Have Everything for Housekeeping, Furniture, Carpets, Crockery, Stoves, Ranges, Refrigerators, Go-Carts, Lamps, Rugs, Pictures, Etc., Etc. UNDERTAKING. Telephone G05-3.. BOSTON FURNITURE CO. CASH In SOUTH Croquet, Tennis, Base Ball Largest line of Sporting Goods in the City; THE O. B. ' 13. "5. l7 ..- -,. - PRACTICAL, ELECTRICITY. Fan and Motor Repairing a Specialty. Electric Wiring of all kinds. Electric Signs of all descriptions made and repaired. Automobile and Motor Cycle repairing. ;, 150 EAST MAIN ST., MIDSUMMER, not night's dream, or any other dream, but a great "Midsummer Closing Out Sale We start it a little early to give our customers the benefit before the season is over. So large has been our custom made trade that we have rather neglected The other part of the business. We have, therefore, more stock than we ought to have, and must make a sacrifice to reduce it. Come early and secure a bargain. N. Y. Close Mfg. Co SAMUEL A. WEINSTEIN, Prop'r, 110 SO MAIN STREET. Thirty-six Russian blouses have gone on sale. They are under that popular "skip per," Low Price. If you have a boy, the chance is now. Like this $3.45 and $3.98 suits for $2.87; $4.85. Night calls District Office, 5 E. Main. OR CREDIT. MAIN STREET. Golf, Athletic Goods! WILSON CO. BROADWAY; And brethren. We present to you including Tan, Brown and Oxblood, Calf and Brown Vici Shoes; every pair Goodyear or English Welt, Cap and Plain Toes. None sold at Less than $3.00 and the majority were $3.50 and $4.50. Your CHOICE $2.67. Come at once and secure a plum. The Great Shoe King. Go MEN finite Full Of;
| 0.554338
| -0.544689
| 945
| 3,811
| 233
| 233
|
Mining & Industry
| false
|
99,730
|
github_open_source_100_2_8246
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
// Screen Quad Gray Scale Shader
#type vertex
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec2 a_Position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 a_TexCoord;
out vec2 v_TexCoord;
void main()
{
v_TexCoord = a_TexCoord;
gl_Position = vec4(a_Position.x, a_Position.y, 0.0, 1.0);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#type fragment
#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
in vec2 v_TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D u_ScreenTexture;
void main()
{
// inversion
//color = vec4(vec3(1.0 - texture(u_ScreenTexture, v_TexCoord).rgb), 1.0);
// weighted gray scale
color = texture(u_ScreenTexture, v_TexCoord);
float average = 0.2126 * color.r + 0.7152 * color.g + 0.0722 * color.b;
color = vec4(average, average, average, 1.0);
}
| 0.383452
| 0.411444
| 2,924
| 11,608
| 202
| 202
|
Computer Graphics Examples
| false
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99,731
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YMWAZ7S4KANRMRCNDIHQGVTZKJEUS25R_1
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German-PD-Newspapers
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Public Domain
|
K 27 Waldbröl, Donnerstag, den 5. April 1855 Amtliche Bekanntmachung. Nach Anbörung der Gutachten der betreffenden Schulvorstände bestimme ich hierdurch den Anfang der diesjährigen Osterferien in den Schulen zu Denklingen, Sotierbach, Hunsheim und Mittelacher auf Montag den 16. dieses Monats. Am 1. Mai hat demnächst in allen genannten Schulen der Unterricht wieder zu beginnen. Waldbröl, den 2. April 1855. Nro. 803. Der Landrat, Maurer. Köln, 25. März. In den letzten Tagen sind hier und Düsseldorf jüdische Kassen-Anweisungen vom Jahre 1851 à 5 Thlr. zum Vorschein gekommen. Das Papier derselben ist ganz weich und leich, der Aufdruck — ein Erzeugnis der Litographie — grau, anstatt schwarz. Das Wasserzeichen, welches bei den Falsifikaten früherer Sorten, durch Druck nachgeahmt ist, ist bei der gegenwärtigen Sorte durch Pressung herzustellen versucht, wodurch auffallend in die Augen springende Parallellinien zwischen den einzelnen Buchstaben erscheinen. Vergleicht man den Druck der Schauseite einer echten Kassen-Anweisung mit den Nachbildungen, so stimmen die Ausführungen der Verzierungen, Schriften und Zeichen, bei ziemlich gleichen Umständen, nicht miteinander überein; die Wiederholungen in der Staffardrobung weichen wesentlich voneinander ab. In den Zweigen fehlen die hervortretenden Schatten. Die Rückseite ist matt und gekritzelt, und dies nicht nur bei den Engeln, sondern ganz besonders beim Adler auffallend. — Durch den Herrn Oberpräsidenten sind sämtliche Landräthe und Polizeidirektoren der Rheinprovinz um eine strenge Handhabung der Sonntagsfeiertage angegangen worden. Insbesondere soll den Gewerbetreibenden auch außerhalb der geistlichen Stunden das Öffnen der Läden nicht gestattet werden. Infolge dessen sind sowohl in hiesiger Stadt als in den meisten Nachbar-Kreisen sehr verschärft polizeiliche Verordnungen erlassen worden. Berlin, 29. März. Die Konfirmation Ihrer Königlichen Hoheit der Prinzessin Louise (Tochter des Prinzen von Preußen) wird am 11. Juni d. J., dem Vermählungstag der oberen Eltern, in der Schloßkapelle vollzogen werden. Wie in gut unterrichteten Kreisen versichert wird, hat die Verlobung derselben mit dem Prinzen-Regenten von Baden bereits im verflossenen Sommer zu Baden-Baden stattgefunden und wird die Vermählung am 17. Geburtstag Ihrer Kön. Hoheit der Prinzessin erfolgen. — Die „Neue Presse". “schreibt: „Wir haben bereits vor einiger Zeit mitgeteilt, dass demnächst nach längerer Vacanz die Stelle des ersten Präsidenten des rheinischen Appellations-Gerichtshofes zu Köln definitiv wieder besetzt werden wird. Wie wir jetzt erfahren, ist bereits ein betreffender Beschluss gefasst, und es wird dabei fast allseitig der Ober-Tribunats-Rat Broicher genannt. — Was den Fortgang der Wiener Conferenzen betrifft, so ist die Beratung über den dritten Garantie-Punkt verschoben und die Einbolaung weiterer Instruktionen darüber beschlossen. Diese Verschiebung soll dadurch veranlasst sein, dass der russ. Bevollmächtigte erklärt hatte, die Verhandlungen abbrechen zu müssen, wenn die Zerstörung Sebastopols oder die Beschränkung der russischen Seemacht im schwarzen Meere gefordert würde. Wiesbaden, 29. März. Wie vorgestern in der Zweiten, so ist heute in der ersten Kammer eine Interpellation über den Stand der Unterhandlungen, die in Betreff der Deutz-Gießener und der Lahn-Bahn zwischen der preußischen und der nassauischen Regierung im Gange waren, gestellt worden. Der Interpellant, Abgeordneter Gourde, schlug vor, dass einer Commission das betreffende Material vorgelegt werden sollte. Bei der Begründung seiner Anfrage erwähnte er eines Schreibens, das ihm von unterrichteter Seite aus Berlin zugekommen sei, und wonach die Unterhandlungen zwischen beiden Regierungen abgebrochen seien. Bekanntlich knüpfte die nassauische Regierung an die Bewilligung der Concession der Deutz-Gießener Eisenbahn durch das Dilltal, die von der preußischen Regierung zu gewährende Genehmigung der Verlängerung der Wiesbaden-Unterlahnsteiner-Bahn mit welcher eine englische Gesellschaft concessioniert, und die bis Eltville schon fertig ist, deren Weiterbau bis Caub bereits wieder in Angriff genommen ist, nach Deutz. Es haben die preußische Regierung zwar sich bereit erklärt, die Concession zu einer Bahn von Wetzlar nach Ehrenbreitstein, so wie zu der rechtsrheinischen Bahn bis Ehrenbreitstein zu enthalten, deren Weiterführung bis Deutz haben sie indessen verweigert. Die nassauische Regierung haben nun die Unterhandlungen abgebrochen, weil sie durch Versagung der Genehmigung der Deutz-Gießener-Bahn durch das Dilltal die preußische Regierung zur Concessionierung der Ehrenbreitstein-Deutzer Bahn zu zwingen hofft. Da unsere Abgeordneten der Ansicht sind, dass dieser Zwang sein Ziel nicht erreichen werde, so sind sie fast sämtlich der Meinung, dass die Concession zur Dill = Bahn dennoch ohne die genannte Bedingung erteilt werden möge, indem der vermehrte Verkehr am Rhein die preußische Regierung vielleicht doch später noch umstimmen möchte. Der Regierungs-Commissar versprach Antwort in einer späteren Sitzung. München, 30. März. Die Mitglieder der Kölner Deputation hatten die Ehre, zur königl. Tafel gezogen zu werden. Se. Maj. der König Ludwig brachte folgenden Trinkspruch aus: „Ich trinke auf das Wohl der altehrwürdigen Stadt Köln, auf das Gedeihen dieser Stadt und ihres einzigartigen Doms; ich trinke auf das Wohl der tausend Bürger, welche die mir überbrachte Adresse unterzeichnet haben; ich trinke auf das Wohl der vier Herren, welche mir diese herzliche, schöne Adresse überreicht haben. “ — Von den vereinigten Künstlern wird ein großes Fest zu Ehren der kölner Deputation veranstaltet. Wien, 29. März. In einem Kriegsrat, welchem der General Osten = Sacken zum erstenmal präsidirte, wurden die Folgen der wahrscheinlichen Einnahme des südlichen Stadtheils Sebastopols ernstlich besprochen. Mit Rücksicht auf die Eventualität wurde abermals zur Desarmierung und Versenkung von 5 Kriegsschiffen geschritten. Nach der Ausführung dieser Maßregel stach die Dampfflottille durch den offen gelassenen Ausgang in die hohe See und kehrte, nachdem einige Schüsse mit den Wachtschiffen der Alliierten gewechselt worden waren, wieder in den Hafen zurück. Ferner soll der schon einige Male gefasste Vorsatz zum Beschluß erhoben worden sein, die fortifikatorischen Gebäude des südlichen Festungstheiles, falls ein Sturm der Alliierten gelingen sollte, in die Lust zu sprengen, was bekanntlich 1829 auch der Kapudan = Pascha in Varna ausgeführt hat, als er sich in die Citadelle zurückzog. — Schließlich erfahren wir, dass in einem zu Petersburg abgehaltenen Kriegsrat beschlossen wurde, am Pruth die strengste Defensive zu beobachten. Ausland, 27. März. Der Ertrag der im ganzen Lande abgehaltenen Collektionen für die Überschwemmten beläuft sich auf etwa 380,000 fl., steht also weit hinter dem Ergebnis der aus gleichem Anlass abgehaltenen Collektion von 1825 zurück, wo 2,133,269 fl. eingingen. Damals steuerten der König, der Kaiser von Russland und Herr van Brienen hierzu jeder 100,000 fl. Sich gegen die Mitte des nächsten Monats nach London zu begeben - Vom 2. April. Der Minister des Auswärtigen, Herr Drouin de l’Hups, ist heute nach Wien abgereist. Unsere Regierung soll den Entschluß gefasst haben, alle russischen Verwundeten, die sich in Frankreich und zu Constantinopel befinden, auf ihre Kosten nach Odessa schaffen und dort, ohne irgend eine Gegenforderung, den russischen Behörden ausliefern zu lassen. Wie verlautet, ist von der russischen Regierung das Nämliche zu gewärtigen. - Auf sämtlichen Märkten des Elsass sind diese Woche die Getreidepreise beträchtlich gefallen. Aus den Seehäfen kommen uns ähnliche Nachrichten zu. Die Saaten stehen überall günstig, und da bis jetzt keine Nachtfröste eintreten, so schöpfen die Landwirte die beste Hoffnung auf ein gedeihliches Jahr. - Der Moniteur enthält eine Note, wonach General Forey, der seiner gekränkten Ehre halber die Demission begehrte, vom Kaiser als Antwort darauf zu dem wichtigen Posten des General-Commandanten der Division Oran in Algerien ernannt wurde. - Der „Moniteur de la Flotte“ will aus bester Quelle wissen, die russische Krim-Armee zählt nicht mehr als 115,000 Mann. Madrid, 29. März. In der Nacht vom 27. versammlte sich eine Anzahl Miliz-Offiziere und beschloss Schritte zu tun, um eine Modifikation des Ministeriums im demokratischen Sinne zu erzwingen. Sie begaben sich zu Espartero und trugen ihm ihr Anliegen vor. Der Herzog musste alle seine Festigkeit aufbieten, um die an ihn gestellte Forderung zurückzuweisen. Jener Versuch der Miliz-Führer kann als gescheitert betrachtet werden. Ein Gesetzentwurf ist gestern eingebracht worden, welcher der Miliz die Erörterung politischer Fragen untersagt. Die Ruhe in der Hauptstadt ist nicht gestört worden. Die Königin hat sich nach Aranjuez begeben. Warschau, 1. April. Zwei befestigte Lager, jedes zu dreißigtausend Mann, werden zwischen Mitau und Riga, so wie zwischen Reval und Narva Behufs Verteidigung der Ostsee-Provinzen errichtet. Wie aus Alexandria, 23. März, gemeldet wird, waren daselbst die aus Indien gekommenen englischen Lanzenreiter, 1000 Mann stark, von Suez eingetroffen. Konstantinopel, 19. März. Dem Marseiller Semaphor wird aus dem französischen Lager vom 17. März geschrieben: „Von Eupatoria traf hier die Kunde ein, dass der Schwiegersohn des Fürsten Paskiewitsch bei dem letzten dort vorgefallenen Gefecht getötet wurde. “ — Nachrichten aus Konstantinopel vom 22. März in Wiener Blättern zufolge hatte die aus der Krim angekommene Botschaft die Nachricht von dem Tode des Fürsten Menschikow gebracht. Aus Galatz, 15. März, wird dem Constitutionnel geschrieben: „Privatbriefe aus Bessarabien melden, dass dort vom Ober-Befehlshaber der Süd-Armee der Befehl eingeht, dass sich im Falle einer feindlichen Invasion sämtliche Bewohner über den Dnister zurückziehen haben, nachdem sie alle Produkte, so wie die Dörfer und Städte verbrannt hätten. “ 2. Über die Behandlung des Düngers vom Herausgeber Wirkl. Geh. Kriegs-Rath Mentzel. Zu den ersten und notwendigsten Bedingungen eines guten Landwirtens gehört die richtige und vollständige Würdigung des Düngerwerthes. Der Dünger ist für ihn Geld und bildet einen wichtigen Teil seines Betriebs-Kapitals. So wenig wie er es verantworten könnte, Geld wegzuwerfen und nutzlos zu vergeuden, ebenso wenig darf er irgend einen Teil des Düngers oder dazu geeigneter Stoffe, verloren gehen und verderben lassen. Mag der Gegenstand auch noch so unscheinbar sein, irgendwelchen Wert zur Vermehrung der Fruchtbarkeit im Boden, wird er immer haben und wenn dieser Wert sich auch nur nach Groschen oder gar Pfennigen berechnen lässt, im Verlauf eines ganzen Jahres werden doch viele Thaler daraus. Wer sich in verschiedenen Provinzen und Ländern, auf dem Lande bewegt und in das Innere der Landwirtschaft blickt, der hat Gelegenheit, die mannigfachsten Weisen der Düngerbehandlung kennen zu lernen. Wo sich eine gut angelegte und sorgfältig gepflegte Miststätte, ein sauberer Hof, räthliches Aufsammeln und Zusammenhalten aller zu Dünger geeigneter Abfälle und Stoffe vorfindet, da freut sich Auge und Herz des echten Landwirtens. In der Schweiz, in Holland und, zur Ehre des englischen Vaterlandes sei es gesagt, auch in vielen Distrikten desselben, kann man diese Freude genießen.
| 0.431743
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| 240
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royalty biographies
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|
99,732
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github_open_source_100_2_8247
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
import {
Accordion,
AccordionDetails,
AccordionSummary,
Container,
Grid,
Icon,
Paper,
Typography
} from '@material-ui/core';
import { LabelledSlider } from './components/LabelledSlider';
import { QuestionTable } from './components/QuestionTable';
import { makeStyles, withStyles } from '@material-ui/styles';
import { generateRows } from '../core/generator/Generator';
import { Setting, Settings } from './components/Settings';
const GlobalCss = withStyles({
'@global': {
'html, body': {
// TODO how do I use the theme for this color? backgroundColor: theme.palette.background.paper
backgroundColor: '#f5f5f5',
},
},
})(() => null);
const useStyles = makeStyles(() => ({
control: {
padding: 10,
},
}));
const initialState = {
numberBonds: 10,
maxNumberBond: 20,
useExactNumberBonds: true,
numberOfRows: 5,
useAddition: true,
useSubtraction: true,
};
function App() {
const classes = useStyles();
const min = 0;
const [numberBond, setNumberBond] = useState(initialState.numberBonds);
const [maxNumberBond, setMaxNumberBond] = useState(initialState.maxNumberBond);
const [useExactNumberBonds, setUseExactNumberBonds] = useState(initialState.useExactNumberBonds);
const [numberOfRows, setNumberRows] = useState(initialState.numberOfRows);
const [useAddition, setUseAddition] = useState(initialState.useAddition);
const [useSubtraction, setUseSubtraction] = useState(initialState.useSubtraction);
const [rows, setRows] = useState(
generateRows({ min, numberBond, useAddition, useSubtraction, useExactNumberBonds }, numberOfRows)
);
useEffect(() => {
setRows(generateRows({ min, numberBond, useAddition, useSubtraction, useExactNumberBonds }, numberOfRows));
}, [min, numberBond, numberOfRows, useAddition, useSubtraction, useExactNumberBonds]);
const settings: Setting[] = [
{
initialValue: useExactNumberBonds,
name: "Use exact Number Bonds",
type: 'checkbox',
onChange: setUseExactNumberBonds
},
{
initialValue: maxNumberBond,
name: "Maximum Number Bonds",
type: 'number',
onChange: setMaxNumberBond
},
{
initialValue: numberOfRows,
name: "number of rows",
type: 'number',
onChange: setNumberRows
},
{
initialValue: useAddition,
name: "addition",
type: 'checkbox',
onChange: setUseAddition
},
{
initialValue: useSubtraction,
name: "subtraction",
type: 'checkbox',
onChange: setUseSubtraction
},
]
return (
<div className="App">
<GlobalCss />
<header className="App-header" data-testid="header">
<Typography variant="h1" align="center">
Maths
</Typography>
</header>
<Container maxWidth="sm">
<Grid container spacing={2}>
<Grid item xs={12}>
<Paper className={classes.control}>
<Grid item>
<LabelledSlider
label="Number Bonds"
min={1}
max={maxNumberBond}
value={numberBond}
step={1}
onChange={setNumberBond}
/>
</Grid>
<Accordion>
<AccordionSummary expandIcon={<Icon>expand_more</Icon>}>
<Typography>Settings</Typography>
</AccordionSummary>
<AccordionDetails>
<Settings values={settings}/>
</AccordionDetails>
</Accordion>
</Paper>
</Grid>
<Grid item />
<Grid container direction="row" justify="center" spacing={2}>
<Grid item>
<Button
variant="contained"
color="default"
endIcon={<Icon>refresh</Icon>}
onClick={() => {
setRows(
generateRows(
{ min, numberBond, useAddition, useSubtraction, useExactNumberBonds },
numberOfRows
)
);
}}
>
Generate another worksheet
</Button>
</Grid>
</Grid>
<Grid item>
<Paper>
<QuestionTable label="Worksheet" rows={rows} />
</Paper>
</Grid>
</Grid>
</Container>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
| 0.107023
| 0.696584
| 3,491
| 13,894
| 70
| 70
|
React Components & Styling
| false
|
99,733
|
github_open_source_100_2_8248
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { Color } from 'ng2-charts';
@Component({
selector: 'app-pie-chart',
templateUrl: './pie-chart.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./pie-chart.component.css']
})
export class PieChartComponent implements OnInit {
public pieChartLabels: string[] = [ 'Angular', 'ReactJS', 'NodeJS', 'VueJS', 'AngularJS' ];
public pieChartData: number[] = [ 600, 300, 250, 200, 100];
public pieChartType: string = 'pie';
public pieChartOptions: any = {
// scaleShowVerticalLines: false,
// responsive: true,
legend: {position: 'right'}
};
public chartColors: any[] = [
{
backgroundColor: ['#8FB95B', '#5AB782', '#47C3B9', '#599EB5', '#436899', '#e4d354', '#2b908f', '#f45b5b', '#91e8e1', '#BE78CB']
}];
constructor(public location: Location) { }
ngOnInit() {
}
public chartClicked(e: any): void {
console.log(e);
}
public chartHovered(e: any): void {
console.log(e);
}
public randomize() {
this.pieChartData = [ Math.round(Math.random() * 1000), Math.round(Math.random() * 1000),
Math.round(Math.random() * 1000), Math.round(Math.random() * 1000),
Math.round(Math.random() * 1000)];
console.log(this.pieChartData);
}
}
| 0.194594
| 0.697773
| 3,494
| 13,900
| 65
| -1
|
Graphical Charting
| false
|
99,734
|
sn84022149_1880-04-21_1_1_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Public Domain
|
VOL. XIII. the storm king. tHI vmtim or tu cvcuiil uinl trere «*• «*—* ml DMmlba tM O—•“ Ctaiof 0 ’ April *).—Tlit followinf rt iiurt* el u* nraf** bj Uw storm Un I neriTCd by telegraph: In Bock couuty, Ww., the village of Slufttn »•» •truck by lb* slorui uu juuj.j aileruoon aud turn up fearfully p, tlx wind, (nr two hours. The ad juuoiif townships of Turtle, La prairie, Bedford aud Jot. us town eullered also, U, has of cattle, buildings, fences, etc., the total damage in the couuty reach wt probably one bundled thousand dol- Urs. Among the chief lueses are E. D kluslry'a Idackainlth shop and house, srecked, *1,000; Methodist church, damaged. ♦000; Geo. Hears, large stone will, torn to shreds, *2,000; two large lnrua and three floe bouses owned by E. J Hole, *3,000; lion. Wm. 11. Starks orchard uprooted, some of the tiers being carried at long distance; seventy hives of bees, and the feuoea „( our farmer were destroyed and every window blown out of hie house, the Urus wrecked and the contents scat tered, the family esaaping destruction only by holding ou to trees and dodg ing the llyiug debris with which the air was tilled, loss *4,000. The house and barns of Thouiaa Holmes were torn to bits snd the contents utterly destroyed. Mta. learns and two children who lired In Hie house were carried sway in the dying timbers and lauded forty rods distant, with slight injuries. Mr. Fearus had *740 iu his pocket book, which was carried off, hat part of the money was subsequently found half a mile away. The barns of Mr. B. W. Schenck were saved to the ground, and the bulk of the extra heavy stone walls, some of the stones weighing tons, were hurled about like chaff, and two horses were killed outright and two wounded. The house and outbuildings of S. B. Hart, were entirely destroyed, loss $3,000. Charles Voemans was picked up from the barn yard and carried about in the air like a leaf. Dually being landed uninjured on a wood pile. Robert Lillburn’s barn and orchard were damaged to the amount of $1,000. The cyclone demolished Mr. Anderson’s house, and badly injured his wife, who is reported dying. The family of Lyman H. Richardson, at Johnstown, was rescued in the cellar and saw the house swept from above them. No trace of the contents of the house could be obtained. The county building and poor house were dismantled. The storm cut a swath, as though of Ore, destroying every bit of vegetation in its way. It was accompanied by rain and hail. At Manitowoc and Knaauth the storm was severe, but not so destructive as elsewhere. Its path was from one eighth in one-quarter of a mile wide. The gale in Illinois was the most severe in the central part of the state. Champaign suffering the most, but only minor, the damages being to roofs, trees, etc. St. Louis, April 20.—The list of wounded embraces nearly all of the inhabitants. The people of Marshfield seem so excited. Cited and so little order shown in keeping a record of the dead and wounded that no accurate list is obtainable. On change today, $3,200 were raised for the sufferers. The town of Licking, Texas county, is badly torn up; nearly half the town being destroyed. The storm appears to have been general throughout the state, doing a damage more or less severe. Pineville, Cassville and several other small towns are reported damaged. A wagon has been found that was carried four miles and a section of a smoke stack of a mill over three and a half miles. It is reported that thirty or forty persons have been killed by spurs of the tornado in the country, and that the town of Corsicana, in Barry county, is a complete wreck. The Marshfield victims buried today number 75, and 25 more are dying. About 100 others are seriously wounded. A child two years old was found in a tree top, where it had been nearly 24 years. It was much bruised, but will recover. It is reported that the storm on Sunday night destroyed the town of miles north of here, and that much damage and loss of life is reported. Reports from Washington indicate that the government has decided to take steps to prevent the development of the North Leadville case against the North Leadville claim, and in favor of the North Leadville claim. This determines in favor of the mining company, the title to large mineral lands in Leadville and Leadville. Uni laagf.. York. April 20.—The national association will hold four competitors at Creedmoor, May 11th, 12th, of the 10th, of the 10th, three members to shoot a return match in England June next. Cwa vest law. At Lake, April 90—The Republican Party in the Chicago Convention, W. Bennett and K. A. Thomas, Cheyenne Dog Trailer. HIGHWAY AT THE CAPITAL. Washington, April 90.—Wallace reported favorably on the bill regulating the employment of eight inspectors of customs. Calendar. The house amendments to the bill for the acquisition of New York in 1903 were concurred in. Edmunds, from the Judiciary committee which inquired into the alleged discrimination by the Union Pacific railroad against the United States in favor of private shippers, reported that if such discrimination exists, the United States has the same remedy in courts as private shippers have, and may proceed to secure forfeiture of all rights derived by such company from the United States, including in charter, if it has one, on the ground of violation of its charter obligation. No regulation is necessary. Maxey announced that on Friday he will endeavor to call up the post route bill. The bill for the erection of public buildings at Denver, and appropriating $2,500,000 therefor, passed. Edmunds opposed the underwriters' claim under the Geneva bill. An answering, saying, "I am afraid," he said, "I believe the United States government might to receive the remainder of the fund." Thurman made another speech. Blaine read letters and telegrams establishing the authenticity of Cushing's opinion, quoted yesterday. Adjourned. Monument. Washington, April 20.—A bill passed authorizing the sale of Fort Logan, Montana territory. A Bank to Withdraw From Bank. San Francisco, April 20.—The Sacramento Savings Bank has determined to withdraw from business. The bank is prosperous, and will pay depositors every dollar due, with six percent dividend, and extra dividend of four and a half cents on reserve fund. The sole cause of the withdrawal is the conviction of the management that the new constitution and revenue law will nearly ruin its business, by imposing double taxation. It is to be succeeded by a bank, under the general law and under the same management, which will act as the agent of depositors and guarantee security, in which form mortgages will be assessed against customers only. Portsmouth, April 20.—Captain Jos. Honaggen, United States marine service, died this morning of malignant throat disease. Yesterday his wife died of the same disease. A Yellow Fever Breaks. Washington, April 20.—Glad to report that only two of the crew of the Marion are sick with yellow fever, but the remainder are unfit for duty. An Kadiak Badaef. London, April 20.—The United States frigate Constellation, with provisions and clothing for Ireland's poor, entered Queenstown harbor this morning. On the meeting of parliament, the government is to be asked to give information concerning the charge which the treasury department at Washington preferred against Deineru planters, viz: That they have employed coloring matter to dye darker sugar made in that colony. The Home rule members have been asked to meet for consultation on the 27th inst. The requisition is signed by Wm. Shaw and others. A section of the party not being consulted caused dissatisfaction. A Jubilee in House. Born, April 20.—A grand philosophical fete, or polyglot academy, was held at the Vatican today in honor of the exaltation of Pope Leo XIII. The diplomatic body, nobility, archbishops, etc., were present. The scholars of the prologue recited poems in forty-nine different languages extolling the pope. The Epistle of Hesse. London, April 20.—The Prince of Wales stakes was won on the Epsom course today by Cradle; Raymond second; Seesaw third. No American horses started. The Sorry handicap was won by Magdalena, Zanoni second, and Tomer and Sword third. The Westminster stakes were won by Trenton, Fugitive second, Voluptuary third. From a well-known citizen of Chicago: Chicago, Ill., Jan. 1, 1880. H. H. Warner & Co., Rochester, N.Y.: Gentlemen: I have used Warner’s Safe Kidney and Liver Cure with the greatest satisfaction. It is the only remedy I have ever used that I can recommend to my friends, as it has cured me of Bright’s disease of long standing, after having visited the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and trying innumerable so-called “remedies" of the day. Having resided here for forty-seven years, my friends will be glad to see this statement. The discoverer is, indeed, a public benefactor. William H. Patterson, I, Wabash Avenue, near 20th Street. WacWngmen. Life is your heavy spring work after a winter of relaxation, your system needs cleansing and strengthening to prevent an attack of Ague, Bilious or Spring Fever, or some other Spring sickness that will unfit you for a season’s work. You will save time, much sickness and great expense. If you use one bottle of Hop Bitters, your family this month. Don't wait. See other column. First and only Onions planting House All kinds of Book Anting promptly executed at this office. CHRYKNNK, WYOMING, WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 21, 1880 DUAL CONTENTION. THE SENATE AND HOUSE Tilden and Kelley Commended Hears the brunt of the fight with the Democrats, and the democrats would not how to a action or sacrifice principle for success. They had taken that stand in nominating Robinson. The name of Tilden was received with much applause and hisses when the speaker declared that Hayes was elevated to the presidency by fraud, and that Tilden for the assertion of his right out of regard for peace. He was not informed whether Tilden would again accept a call. To official position. He was never beaten, and never would be. (Laughter and applause). Senator Jacobs was made temporary chairman. During the roll call there was much confusion. Seymour's name being mentioned, caused cheers and hisses. A committee from the Kelly convention appeared, asking for a conference. The chair said the matter would be placed before the convention later. A resolution was adopted that delegates from the several congressional districts select one member from each district for a committee on credentials, and the question of a conference with the Kelley convention was referred to the committee on resolutions. Several congressional district delegates were then authorized to name one delegate from each district to the national convention at Cincinnati. A resolution favoring two-thirds rule was adopted. Syracuse, April 20.—The Kelly or anti-Tilden convention filled Shakespeare’s hall, Dorsheimer temporary chairman. He spoke in behalf of harmony and consolidation on some candidate who could unite the whole party strength. Those who thought otherwise must take the responsibility. He named Seymour as the man who would lead the democracy to triumph. (Wild cheers.) The anti-Tilden convention reassembled at 4:25. A resolution was adopted to the effect that delegates from each congressional district appoint two delegates and alternates to the Cincinnati convention. John Kelly was vociferously called for and cheered. He briefly protested against Tilden’s nomination as a disgrace to the party and the country. Aniasa J. Parker was made permanent president. Resolutions were adopted in favor of the democracy as against republicanism, declaring Tilden’s nomination final to the party and treason to the cause; declaring that the democracy of New York have been forced into their present attitude by fidelity to principle, and pledge an enthusiastic support to any worthy representative democrat for president. At 8:30 Mr. Kelly reported the following: Names as presidential electors at large and delegates: Delegates at Large—Amasa J. Parker, Wm. Dorsheimer, Jeremiah McGuire, G. C. Green. Electors at large—Augustus Schieli, Erastus Corning. The SIMM of the Case. Syracuse, April 20.—The Tilden convention finished up its work today with unfaltering resolution, making no concession to the anti-Tilden sentiment, notwithstanding it constituted a strong, though powerless minority in its body. The Tummany convention was equally pronounced in its attitude, and it seems now inevitable that if Tilden is nominated at Cincinnati the split which defeated Governor Robinson last year will continue through the presidential campaign. Proposal for Fresh Beef and Beef Cattle. Hogs Dept, of the Platte, Office of Coras’y of Subsistence, Omaha, Neb., March 25, 1880. SEALED PROPOSALS, in triplicate, subject to the usual conditions, will be received at this office, or at the office of the acting assistant commissary of subsistence at Fort Niobrara, Neb. (on the Minnie Cbaduza River) until 12 o’clock, noon, on the 10th day of May, 1880, at which time and place they will be opened in presence of bidders for the furnishing and delivering at Fort Niobrara, Neb., of all the fresh beef from the block and beef cattle on the hoof required by the Subsistence Department, United States Army, for that post, for the fiscal year commencing July 1st, 1880. The proposals for fresh beef and beef cattle must be made separately and on separate forms. It is expressly understood that the contracts made under this advertisement and proposals in response thereto, shall not be construed to involve the United States. States in any obligation for payment in excess of the appropriation granted by Congress for the purpose. The Government reserves the right to reject any or all proposals. Blank proposals, and full information as to the manner of bidding, conditions to be observed by bidders, and terms of contract and payment, will be furnished on application to this office or to the acting assistant Commissary of Subsistence at the post. Envelopes containing proposals should be marked "Proposals for Beef at Fort Niobrara, Neb." and addressed to the undersigned, or to the A. A. C. S. of the post. Thomas Wilson, Capt. and C. S. Subscribe for The Herald. A C'MStS CAME A Hall Carrier Violent Meek as the Aerial. One of the most curious cases of accident which have ever occurred in our city, and the facts of which have just leaked out, occurred on Saturday last, a week, late in the evening. As Mr. Jablecnik, the mail carrier for the southern part of town, was crossing the railroad track at Thirteenth street, his horse became frightened at a passing train, and dashing up the street threw him at the corner of William and Thirteenth street. Mr. Jablecnik is falling, struck violently on his forehead, and was taken home very much bruised. It was then noticed that his head was twisted around toward his right shoulder, and could not be moved without pain, but the physician who was called did not consider anything serious the matter, and after prescribing for his general health, he was called in and said he would not be able to live. Condition, left him. During the early part of the week, he became worse, and Dr. Chadwick was sent for. A careful examination of Mr. Jable Clark's neck, which was greatly swollen and very painful, led to the conclusion that a partial dislocation of the first two bones of the neck, the atlas and axis, had taken place. The neck was greatly twisted and very painful, and partial paralysis of the nerves which affected respiration was also found to exist. Fearing to attempt any reduction of the dislocation, which is always a very dangerous and often a fatal operation, the doctor left him for the night, determined the next day to hold a consultation and put the man under chloroform while the operation was performed. The next morning when he arrived, he found that the neck had slipped back into its socket during the man's turnings on his pillow. The pressure on the pneumogastric nerves, however, had not been taken away, and last evening the patient was still in a very critical condition, owing to extreme difficulty in respiration, and the filling up of the lungs with serum. The case is a very singular one, indeed, and should the patient recover, he may well congratulate himself on his recovery. Shirts in endless variety at Smith & Harrington's. Brown's Household Panacea is the most effective pain destroyer in the world. Will most surely quicken the blood whether taken internally or applied externally, and thereby more certainly relieve pain, whether chronic, acute, than any other pain alleviator, and it is warranted double the strength of any similar preparation. . It cures pain in the back or bowels, sore throat, rheumatism, toothache, and ALL ACHES, and is the greatest RELIEF or PASSAGE. "BROWN'S PANACEA" should be in every family. A teaspoonful of the Panacea in a tumblerful of hot water (sweetened if preferred) taken at bedtime, will break up a cold. 25 cents a bottle. Much Sickness, undoubtedly with children attributed to other causes, is occasioned by worms. Brown's Worm Lozenges, or Worm Lozenges, although effectual in destroying worms, can do no possible injury to the most delicate child. This valuable combination has been successfully used by physicians, and found to be absolutely sure in eradicating worms, so hurtful to children. Twenty-five cents a box. 40 Years Before the Public. THE GENUINE Dr. C. McLANE'S LITER PILLS are not recommended as a remedy for all the ills that flesh is heir to, but in affections of the Liver, and in all Bilious Complaints, Dyspepsia, and Sick Headache, or diseases of that character, they stand without a rival. ACUE AND FEVER. No better cathartic can be used preparatory to, or after taking quinine. As a simple purgative they are unequaled. BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. The genuine are never sugar-coated. Each box has a red-wax seal on the lid with the impression. McLANE S. LIVER PILL. Each wrapper bears the signatures of C. McLane and Fleming Bros. Winsist upon having the genuine Dr. C. McLane’s Liver Pills, prepared by FLEEING BROS., Pittsburgh, Pa., the market being full of imitations of the name McLane, spelled differently but same pronunciation. CHEYENNE WOOLS. NATIONAL Only First-Class WORK. Buggies, Carriages and Concord Wagons made to order. All kinds of Turning done in a Workmanlike Manner. CARRIAGE WORKS, Corner Nell and 18th Streets, CHEYENNE, - - WYOMING. N. BOBERTBON. Proprietor. Wyoming-Nebraska Round-Up. At a meeting of the stock growers of White River, Running Water, Hat Creek, and vicinity, held at Fort Robinson, Neb., April 10th, 1892, the following resolutions were adopted. That the round-up shall meet on Beaver Creek, at the crossing of the Pine Ridge road, on May 6th, and commence to work at a point as far east of that stream as may be deemed necessary; thence west up White River and tributaries to the Sidney road; thence to Running Water, west of the Sidney road, and head of White River to the Robinson and Lorain road crossing of Running Water, and there join round-up No. 6, of Wyoming, and work with them Hugh Jackson, foreman. That the foreman be paid eight dollars per day from the time of meeting until the round-up reads the Laramie road and Running Water; said sum to be raised by assessment upon all stocks owned by the White River, Running Water, Hat Creek and Cheyenne River, and their tributaries, who may be connected with the round-up. That a report of the action of the Board be published daily one week in the Sidney Plaindealer and Cheyenne Leader; the expense of same to be defrayed in the same manner as before provided. E. IS. Bronson, Chairman L. G. JENKINS, Sec'y. Camp Robinson, Neb., April 10, '92. April 10, '92. AL. piiWAHD M HR WIN LKB. Member of the H. H. Murphy Court, Range Ince 1885—First Secretary of Wyoming COUNSELLOR-A 1-LIFE. •I*. BROADWAY, N. Y. 22i. 4%. U AMBRIDGE, H. tj. Aperl a I atom I ton glv> n Irliini tin- I him it luriiU and « oiinnlttif* of <<Migr«t.». t>. rialin* for ludtan MrpredaUuii*. rte. JuuT-daw -ty A *DItTH Hl'ATKrt COUNSELLOIt-A T-LA Ik, OFFICES I WASHINGTON, 1). C. J CHEYENNE, WYO. .. W, . ,,pr * ct,c * >n tlie Court* of Wyoming aud the Court or C aim* and V. M. Hunrnur Court at M a*hlngU»n. attention given hua- I'ongrea* and the Heparmeut* al Washington. J W. KINDER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Office orer l*rae.e A Taylor'a »tore. KrrgtiiH.ii •treet. <Dtf CHEYENNE. W.T C. A. HOYT. ATTORNEY-AT-LA W. Ogrics- For ilia |.re-cut at Geo. W. tlo> l a Drug Htore, SLctrrntli, ne«ir Fmjumnt Strut. ■pO-tr CHEYENNE. W YOMING IreIKJAII W. MANN. A TTORNE Y-A T-LA If*, Carry's Block, *KJH Ferguson Street, apT-tf CHKY KN N K, W YO. J W. KINGMAN. Late AaaoeiaUi j u*i n-« <w Uic MU|>teiiu> «’our ATTORNKY-AT-LA ll*. OFFICKH AT Cheyenue and Ijaramie City. 0. Md.ADOHI.iI*. w. R. HTKBI.I M 1 I jAUUHUN a htkklk, A TIORNE YS-A T-LA W. Office in Carey Block, CHEYENNE, WYOMING JyMautf JJHS. GRAHAM A IIARTHON, HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Office No Mi, lotli HI., Cheyenne. Wyo. tnar24-ttin G. W. COKEY. PII YSICIA.K AND HU It (1 ICON. (Examining Burgeon for Pensloua.j Office and residence over Addomn A Glover’s drug store, where he can be found day and night, fietf CHEYENNE. W.T. JJR. M. J. MAT N A HD. Tenders hi* Profciuluiial Service* to Ihi citizen* of Cheyenne and vicinity. Offli-o and realdence over. Freund • gun •lore. Htig<r J)Il W. W. CROOK. rur&iciA.x A.xn huuukos , McDaniels' Block, Eddy street, oppo site Dyer'B Hotel. Juncis-tr WILLIAMS, p I» s. JQKA STJBQICAL, OPERATIVE ACT HECHAUICAL DEKTIST. Offlu over Fir.it Nntvnuil Itnuk. Office hours from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. P. K. HUP. REVILDER AND CONTRACTOR. Office and Shop on Ferguson Street. Eighteenth and Nineteenth. JONNING AND AM. KINNIE OF JONES WORK ATTENDED TO ON THE SURFACE NOTICE. moderate. mar2-tt : tmHsf&FOi 1880 WISH to assist in all your projects, as the most •*4sH*f It. 1 1 MtaG. „.t -taiaa, ta# •« **-•• f-il a*, rrv.s are! «rr ptaslisllMtarirtto >1 VscaULV asj I for.r H—Cl-aU. ZHAU Ba**|**Sls l<* alt. A.Ureaa, D. *. FREKBY * CO., Detroit, Mich. THIS PAPER: -VK^2S I jdveftu:ugllur« *u wm #,u t rii.ln* attracts way l« Wtodu for I: IS NACIV VOIC H. BLEMRS SULPHUR SOAP ,S AV 7 tO9thmx. rou **' Uta aU>ve bs-miug hutii lit* noma and dealgn ou Uw oartuuw which analuaaa each aokc. a* This hizous raowdy ha Munger's C. S. CUTTINGS, S. F. T. FAMOUS REMEDIES. For both husband and for use, Coughs, Colds, Coughs, Croup, and other respiratory ailments. TOOTHACHE DROPS, which Cure is One of the Best Coughs for Coughs. HILL'S HAIR AND WHISKER DYE is a certain remedy. BOLD BY all druggists. MARKS & MYERS NEW GOODS! NEW GOODS! Prices Lower than any House in the City. THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK OF DRY GOODS IN THE CITY SHOWN IN CHEYENNE CLOAKS! CLOAKS! In this department, we defy competition. We will sell A BETTER CLOAK for LESS MONEY than any house in town. Ladies' and Children's Hosiery in endless variety. Ladies' and Children's Kid Gloves in 2, 3, 4, and 6 buttons. We have the side-cut kids in 5 buttons. A LA It OK AND SPLKNDID STOCK OF CARPETS AND OIL CLOTHS. Tire best stock of MEN AND BOYS’ CLOTIIINO and FUB NISniNG GOODS srer seen in this town. Our entire stock will be found et all tjmee cheaper than the cheapest. Call and •re before purchasing elsewhere. M ARKS & MYERS, am Corner 17th and Eddy Streets. Dealers in General I’AULOR, CIIAMBEB, DINING-BOOM. AND KITCIIEN FURNITURE MIRRORS, CIIROMOS. IHIACKFTS, HAT RACKS. LOUNOES. EASY CHAIRS, CAMP CHAIRS. FANCY CHAIRS. AND CHILDRENS’ CHAIRS. WINDOW CORNICES, CURTAINS AND FIXTURES. QUEENSWARE, CHINA. CROCKERY. ROCKINGHAM. AND YELLOW-WARE. GLASS-WARE, SI L V ER- WARE. MAJOLICA -W A RE. Book Cases, Library and Office Desks, Wardrobes, Sideboards, Etc. AN IMMEN9K STOCK OF LAMPS, CHANDELIERS. HANGING LAMI*.• PENDANTS. LAMP FIXTURES. TABLE CUTLERY AND FANCY GOODS. WniircHseM, PillowH* Bed-Spring*, Floor Bat*, Rugg* and Table Oil Cloths. A LARGE AND COMPLETE STOCK OF BAR FIXTURES, ■At MIKBOKM AMI I-IKK ULAHHEa STKi- I.AUDKUS. CLOTHES RACKS ANI) BASKETS. WE DEAL IN THE BEST OF GOODS AND WILL ALWAYS GIVE THE BOTTOM FIGURES. ! Bar Orders Intrusted to us by Mail will Receive Prompt and Careful Attention. ‘ 299 and 301, Eddy Street, CHEYENNE, WYO. m UAOtSC EXTUUi. tncinc Foe SKIN DISEASES A BeautiCerof ihs Complexion. It randara the Cu:lda Healthful. Clear, and bmoulb, aud u th* be*i imx*. üble aubaUtuttr for eroanatva Sulphur DoAha. It will heal UTears and flnzaa IVtxaon* MB|4o,in,! 11 have no n<vd to rv •nrl lo btiifOsur *»pr. u » «ur LniLiu* purpcaa* It i*»d«*ir»i„r Phil N'FEXT ANT of CLOTH ING or BED LINEN, an I . raplii *vm3l* ■ad p*w—Uv«- of oi.ns.zMMi* or Cuolagtaiw lo**a**a. li |* ahu vaiuahl.- a* an tnjvcuon. 7:>,ljrr - 8 h Mr Bum- d.-airablv than an> ooauM-ti<-«. •«fyh*Mai*pu-*f*te aim. inaviug the agio ■■aoih. Haho Hiim iTKH DllMm, haTi ifmj* 10 U cudunaKl Ua Mahoi mm % nuiMim WLOmmL end Is*l HARDWARE, Stoves', Tinware, “Wheeler Mower," Lion Hay-Rake, AMD BAIN WAGON. Aim n Coes pies, sleek a* Miners’ and Mechanics' Too Ik L. R. BREMEN, WASSmTOV MARKET, bill STREET. CBEYESHE, TTO, Kn*j« oonataatly on hand all Uw De licacies of tbe Saasoa, Fresh Meat, (iaiue. Fish, Poultry and Fresh Oysters, -Also— VEGETABLES OF ALL KINDS. Jan 1-4 if H. HAAS, Denier la mm wabois, THE BEST Dl THE WORLD, Also, Agent for Uw i F.I.KIIItATED CHAMPION MOWING MACHINEB, Which took the First Premium ok 'he tVntenaiai Exposition, and aD kind* of -A_grxicaJ.tnxal IMPLEMENTS. BLACKSMJTHINB AID REPAIRING l’mmptly done, and ALL WORK WARRANTED, t'ortwr Eighteenth and Thornes Sta, CHEYENNE. WYOMING. The Great English Remedy. Sa never failing ears lability. ntlnal Wenlrwa) v^Wftokp.lmpol—ry. rrl lilt- rfTvetajkf Mejf pa* of memory, la*- Mocielv, DlinoeM of Vl*ls»n. NoD«* In the Hnul; the vital tunj I’-vning unohM-rvnl in the urine, and many other tliM-aerx that lead to ln»aully and ■le-H’ll. DU. MI.VTIKd a>. wl I agree to torlelt five hundred dollar* fi*r a «•* of Ihl* klud the i VITAL IiF>ToHATIVE under their apecial utlvlrt aud treatment. will not core, or foe | any thing Impure or Inlurtuu* found in It. 1 It MINTIK AC ». treat all private d fra *e* i s-uccwNafully without mercury. Connultatltm I Free. Thonsugh rzamlnatlnn aud advice, I lucln’tlng*nal>ki» i»f urine, 9-k. Price of VI TAL Khr*TPK.\TI VP.. Ft a bottle, or four time* tbe «iuanttty. flu. sent to any addreaa ! uixsa rees i|.t of nrhe. or C. O. P.. *eeure fbun . nt**ervutton. and tn private name If de*trwd, i)K. MINTIE & CO., lOvtrllly Nation*! Itank.i aa? UOLLAUAV NTRKRT. Denver, - - Colorado. SINTING KILKET. NEVERRECTICUM, fores *1 kinds of Kidney and Bladder complaints, tumorrhoea, Uterine, Leucorrhea. For sale by all druggists. $1 a bottle, also Hea for $1. DR. MINTIE'S DANDELION pills, Are the best and cheapest PYSPEPSIA and HILTON'S pills in the market. For sale by all druggists, $1.25 cents. PRICED: 25 cents. A MIGHTY Cate. In the market. Grocery KEEP on hand GLENN'S SUGAR PHURIC; and will on demand for a supply Ply the ganulne. NO. 182.
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Кремпе () — град во округот Штајнбург, во сојузната покраина Шлезвиг-Холштајн, Германија.
Градот претставува административно седиште на општинската заедница Кремпермарш.
Географија
Кремпе се наоѓа 50 километри северозападно од Хамбург и десет километри јужно од Ицехо на некогашната пловна река Кремпау, притока на Штер. Со околу 2.300 жители Кремпе претставува втор најмал град во сојузната покраина Шлезвиг-Холштајн, веднаш зад Арнис.
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Санкт Мартин им Зулмтал, Австрија
Грамцов, Германија
Рихлики, Полска
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Штајнбург.
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Ficavam a cargo do commissição das matarias es revisão do boletim; devendo oulrosim superintender a impressio, forma que obtivesse a maior pontualidade e a mais rigorosa e procurando vencer o atrazo em que estava a publicação, e fozeodocv que, depois de vencido esse atrazo, em cada anno se piblicasseD spectivos doze números. Receberia o redactor, por todo este senriço, a gratificación de réis relativa a cada Domero do boletim que se publicasse. Em data de 14 de novembro de 1854 foi expedida uma circular os governadores civis, communicando-les a remessa de exemplares do Boletim official do ministério das obras publicas, para serem distribuidoê pdoê celeiros eamum. Com toda a razão mandava o governo Distribuir pelos cellejos conununs o boletim oficial do ministério das obras publicas. Esse repositório continua já bastantes esclarecimentos e preceitos a respeito de taes estabelecimentos, e ainda em 8 de setembro de mesmo ano de 1854 títima declarado o governo que no Boletim seriam publicados todos os documentos relativos a celleiros communes. Compre saber que algunos d'eses estabelecimentos datam da ulterior metade de século xvi, e se foram conservando através de todas as mudanças que na politica e na administração occorreram successiva. No periodo da legislación moderna encontramos lo que no anuncia de 1852 um decreto (de 14 de octubre), que conserva e manteve os establecimentos, existentes nos diversos distritos de reino, coro a de incendio de celleiros communes, monte-pias agrícolas, ou montes de piedad destinados a fecilitar— por empréstimo— os cereales necessarios para sementeira das terras, ou para o sustento dos lavadores pobres, pek) custo effectivo dos géneros, e mediante um premio rasos. Mas entendemos o governo que os regulamentos particulares dos celélicos communes deviam ser revistos e reduzidos a uniformidade, quanto célulasse no possível, e constituídos em harmonia, no tocante a sua Serenda, com as regras e providencias da nova administração de fiscal do reino. Foi esta a mira do Governo, ao promulgar o decreto de 14 de Octubre de 1852; mantendo aliás os finos primitivos dos celleiros como, quaes eram os de consagrar os seus fundos e vantagens ao beço da agricultura, (com especialidade da pequena cultura), e dos edores que na época própria precisassem de sementes. O regulamento de 20 de julio de 1854 teve por fim desenvolver disposições do referido decreto, com forma de lei, de 14 de octubre 1852, de modo que os celleiros communes, por meio de adequadas y de administración, podessem attingir os utilizados da sua instrucción. Este regulamento é o complexo de todas as disposições contadas nas provisões regias, estatutos e outros diplomas, pelos quaes se teem regido estes estab. elecimentos desde a sua fundação: tudo harmonisado com o novo teor de administração. (Veja as instruções de 24 de agosto do mesmo anno de 1854). Dez annos depois da data do regulamento foi promulgada uma lei, a de 25 de junho de 1864, que extingui as juntas creadas pelo de célebre de 44 de outubro de 1852, e deu nova forma a administração árrecadação dos rendimentos dos célebre communes. Por muitos annos continuou a ser publicado o Boletim do muito-terio das obras as publicas, commercio e industria; contendo o registo das cartas de lei, decretos, portarias, e diversas peças officiaes, sobre os assumptos próprios e privativos do indicado ministério; consultas, relatos, pareceres, estatística, e noticias diversas, sobre caminhos de ferro, estradas, matas e pinhaes, commercio, industria, exposiciones estrangeiras e nacionaes, etc. etc: o que tudo, conjunctamènte com algumas indicações. de legislação de paizes estranhos, tornava esta publicação um abundante repositório de útiles esclarecimentos na especialidade em que se occupava. BOLETÍN DO MINISTÉRIO DOS NEGÓCIOS ECGLESIASTIGOS E DE JUSTIÇA Era este boletim uma publicação mensal do ministério dos negócios ecclesias ticos e de justiça. O seu 1.° num. foi o do mez de janeiro de 1860. Vamos dar uma breve noticia do indicado 1.° num., como amos-tra dos demais, no tocante a natureza dos diplomas ou documentos que eram registados, e á ordem que se adoptou e seguir na publicação. Estabeleceu-se a seguinte, muito natural, divisão: Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as leis, decretos, portarias, providencias, etc, relativos — em separado — ás Parte não officiai A parte olBcial publicava as le Repartições dos negócios e ecclesiasticos, e ás dos negócios de justicia. A parte não oficial continua noticias históricas e estatísticas, mapas, etc: destinado tudo a ministrar esclarecimentos sobre assumptos de grande interesse para a egreja e para a justiça. Figaram nas colamnas dos Boletines uns poacos de empregados, distinctos pela íllnstraçâo que os adornava, taes como: Bartholome dos Martyres Dias e Sousa, José Júlio Rodrigues, Luiz de Freitas Branco, e Henrique O'Neill (agora visconde de Santa Mónica). Não podemos deixar de especificar os muito recommendaveis assumptos de que trata o referido 1.^ num.: Registo parochial. (Decreto de 10 de agosto de 1859; portaria de 8 de outubro de mesmo anno; formulários conforme os quaes deviamos parochos dirigirse no registo parochial nas suas respectivas parochias.) Mappas demonstrativos dos bens e rendimentos das casas religiosas o sexo feminino, cabidos e respectivas fabricas, em presença dos intereses a que se mandara proceder, em cumprimento da lei de 20 de Junho de 1857. Synopse geral e summaria de todas as providencias legislativas e regulares sobre negócios ecclesiasticos, expedidas no anno de 1869. Synopse — idem — sobre negócios dejustiça. Na parte não official deu-se principio á exposição de uma especialidade muito interessante, qual é a seguinte: Noticias históricas e estatistásticas acerca da educação e instrução e instrução e ilhas adjacentes. Começa a série d'essas noticias pelas da diocese do Algarve; mi-oistranção valiosos esclarecimentos sobre a fondação, rendimento, administrativação, e movimento litterario do Seminário de S. José de Faro. Nos successivos números do Boletim continuam as noticias históricas e estatísticas a respeito dos demais seminários do continente e flhas. NB. Ve ja no tomo iv d'esta obra, pag. 65 e 66, e 80, as noticias que apontámos, derivadas do Boletim. BOLETÍN E ANNAÑO DO CONSELHO ULTRAMARINO Em virtude do disposto no artigo 28.° do regimento do conselho ultramarino, devia este publicar um boletim com toda a legislación e moderna, respectiva a as provincias ultramarinas, e promover a publicação de annaes ultramarinas, que como provincias semidos e noctivas relativas a mesmas provincias, oa que por qué qué sorte les podesem ser ateis. O decreto de 13 de dezembro de 1853 proyidencioa sobre o modo de realisar a disposição do regimento de 29 de dezembro de 1852, que acabamos de exarar. Seria o boletim publicado no dia 15 de cada mes a começar do dia 15 de feveiro de 1854; sendo dividido em duas partes, cada uma d'ellas com paginação separada. Conteria ai parte a Legislação novíssima e corrente; e a 2.5 i Legislação antiga; tendo aquella o seu ponto de partida no dia 19 de setembro de 1834, em que assumiu o governo do reino a senhora D. Maria u; e entendendo-se por legislação antiga a colleção de todas as disposições de execução permanente, de qualquer natureza ou forma que fossem, mandadas executar nas províncias ultramarinas a dicto, e não dais modo formato. Juntamente com o boletim, mas também com paginação separada, seriam publicados (com os mesmos prasos, com as mesmas condiciones, e no mesmo formato) os Annaes do consho ultramarino, divididos em duas parles: official e não official. La parle dos annaes, official, conteria: 1. Decretos, cartas regias, portarias e quaesquer outros diplomas, tanto do ministé. rio da marinha e do ultramar, e do conselho ultranuhrino, como dos ouiros ministérios, quando por sua natureza dissessem respeito, ou interessassem ao ultramar. As peças publicadas no boletim seriam mencionadas n'esta partia dos annaes. 2.° Portarias, regulamentos, e outras disposiciones dos governadores das províncias ultramarinas, e de outras auctoridades provincias ultramarinas, que pela sua natureza ou importância conviesse inserir nos annaes. 3.° Contas, noticias, estatísticas, e outros quaesquer diplomas quaesquer diplomas particulares. 4.° Relatórios apresentados a cortes, ou ao governo, ou a outras quaesquer auctoridades, sobre objetos de serviço, ou de utilidade da provincias ultramarinas. NB. A publicação d'estas peças seria feita na integra, ou por extracto, segundo a importância do documento. A 2.° parte dos annaes, não official, conteria memorias, viagens, e quaesquer oatras noticias e informáncia sobre as provincias ultramarinas, sobre as provincias ultramarinas portugnezas, sobre as provincias ultramarinas. retudo o que podesse illustrar o conhecimento e administração d'acquêncimos paizes, on directa o indirectamente lhes podesse interessar. A redacção do boletim e annaes ficaya immediatamente sujeita á nspeccão e direção da chaocellaria do conselho ultramarino. Todos os documentos publicados no boletim, e na primeira parte dos annaes, seriam havidos por oficiaes, e teriam fé em juizo, e fora d'elle. Muito provideotemente era ordenado ao conselho ultramarino que Mndasse vir as principaes publicações estrangeiras sobre assumptos ouas, e as communicasse a redacção do boletim e annaes para os edificios indicados. Deixando de parte o que era meramente administrativo e económico, passamos a apontar algumas providencias que successivamente furam tomadas a respeito d'esta interessante publicação. Em data de 24 de agosto de 1855 approvou o governo a distribução que a Junta da Fazenda Publica da proções de Cabo Verde fizera, de quarenta e sete exemplares do Boletim e annaes do concelho Tomarino pelas diversas auctoridades, funções públicas da mesma província. Foi advertido que esses exemplares não eram dados á pessoa que oocopava o logar pablíco; mas que, sendo dados para conhecimento das leis, ordens e noticias, que se inserem n'aquella publicação, fica-um por isso as auctoridades e funecionarios na obrigação de entregar os individues, que lhes succedessem nos respectivos cargos, a colocaros de todos os números que até ao fim do seu exercício lhes tivessem lido entregues. UB. A junta da fazenda publica da província de S. Thomas e Principe fizera a distribuição de vinte e quatro exemplares do Boletim. Foi-lhe também respondido nos termos da antecedente resolução. {9 de Mocembro de 1861.) Em 20 de dezembro de 1856 participou o ministro da marinha ao conselho ultramarino, que ao min istério da justiça fora pedido que se expedissem as ordens convenientes, para serem directamente remetas a secretaria de conselho copias dos accordãos do supremo tribunal de justiça e das relações civil e criminal, passados em julgado, em causas que dissessem respeito a negócios oltramarinos, afim de serem publicados no boletim e annaes do mesmo conselho. O ministro da justiça participara ao da marinha que ficavam expedidas as ordens na forma do que se havia pedido. Em portaria de 30 de janeiro de 1858 ordenou o governo que a distribuição dos boletins e annaes fosse feita pela forma contida na ta beliã que acompanhava a mei$ma portaria, dirigida ao governador general da província de Moçambique. Reconhecia o governo a vantagem de se generalisar a leitura d Esta jornal pelo maior numero de fimincionarios das provincias ultramarinas, que precisam de ter conhecimento da legislação n'elle publicada, aléi das memorias e noticias que ministrava. Primitivamente o custémento do boletim e anna comprebendia a gratificação mensal de 50.91000 réis ao redactor. (Artigo 16.^, 15.\ num. 1.^ do decreto de 13 de dezembro de 1863.) Pelo decreto, porém, de 19 de feveiro de!862 foi reduzida a gratificação á quantia de hfíOQQO réis por cada serie de doze namos do jornal. BOLETÍN GERAL DE INSTRUCÇÃO PUBLICA No capitulo immediato tratamos doesta interessante publicação hebdomadaria, logo depois de faltarmos do Boktím official da instrução publicação publica. BOLETÍN OFFICIAL DE INSTRUCÇÃO PUBLICA Reconheceu o governo a conveniência de estabelecer um �ÃArt» destinado exclusivamente a publicar: A legislação relativa á instrução publicação publica; as consultas e pareceres do conselho geral e. dos conselhos escolares; os relatórios das aoctoridades encarregadas da inspecção dos estudos, e todos os mais documentos officiaes que podesem servir para a illustração do país. N°este mesmo capitulo damos noticia do muito interessante semanário, devido a industria particular, denominado Boletim geral de instrução fábrica. Ao mesmo tempo deveria o Boletim fazer conhecida a legislação litteraría estrangeira, e dar noticia das obras mais notáveis sobre educado e instucção publica, com o fim de promover o progresso dos estados, aperfeição o ensino, e esclarecer a numerosa classe dos profesores do primeiro grau, nas graves questões da educação moral, religiosa e litteraría da mocidade que frequenta as escolas publicas. Com este muito ordenou o governo, em conformidade com o ar- tigo IGO." do decreto de 20 de setembre de 1844, que pela direção geral de instrução publica se publicasse o Boletim official pela Imprensa Nacional, nos termos e segundo as condições que passamos a exarar: 1. Seria publicado por séries de 24 números, formando cada uma d'ellas um volume em oitavo. 2. Seria dividido em duas secções : a 1.^ contería a parte offidal, na integra ou por extracto, os relatórios, consultas, e estatísticas das diversas repartíções e auctoridades sobre administradas e auctoridades sobre administráção littéra e scientifica; a 2.^ contería a legislação e estatística de instrução e estatística de instrução publica, e reformas mais importantes e icerca da instrução e do ensino publico em seus diversos ramos. Todos os 4. O Boletim seria expedido de oficio a todos os conmiissaríos dos estudos e secretários dos lycens, aos chefes e secretários de todos os estabelecimentos de instrução publica, e aos governadores civis dos districtos administrativos, e distribuído gratuitamente, como premio, aos professores de instrução primaria, que mais se distinguissem pelo não excederá de seus deveres, e pelo numero e adiantemento de discípulos. 5. A assignatura do Boletim não excedera por volume a 800 réis o preço. Para os professores de instrução primaria seria de 500 réis o preço. (Portaria de 31 de dezembro de 1860; condiciones, da mesma data, assignadas por José Maria d' Abreu.) Em data de 17 de abril de 1861 exigiu o governo informação dos conimissarios dos estudos, de quienes eram os professores de instracções primaria que se tomavam dignos de tal premio, pelo cabal desempeños de magistério, e pelo numero e aproveitamento dos alumnos que frequentassem as suas aulas. Aos demais professores foi insinuado que o preço da assiguatura do Bolptim official era — para elles — de 500 réis, por séries de vinte e quatro números, formando um volume em oitavo. Devemos observar que no anuo de 1861, e nos annos immediatos até 1865, foi, publicado, por industria particular, um periódico littoral denominado: Boletim geral de instrução publicação hebdowiadaria. Gomo bem disse Innocencio Francisco da Silva, no tomo um Í6 Diccíonario Bibliographico, o Boletim Reral não se limitava a coligir as peças ofições, mas advogava também os interesses de todo o professorado; resolvia duvidas sobre diversos pontos de legislação; publicava pequenas memorias ou breves dissertações sobre assumptos ou problemas de grammatica, arithmetica, etc. Teve por fimdador o Sr. Frederico Talone, hoje visconde de Ribi mar, sendo principaes colaboradores José Maria de Andrade Ferrein, Antonio Maria Baptista, António Justino Simões de Cabedo, etc. Para que mais precisamente se forme conceito doesta interesséta publicação, no que indivíduos, quando se nos figurem tendentes a ajudar ou a impedir o verdadeiro movimento ascendente das idéas para a civilisação. Mas a predileção do Boletim seria para os interesses da ostracição, para a escola elementar, escola matriz, escola viveiro, itifma pelo grau, mas primeira pela vastidão da mejora em que operação. Espação, promettia-se tratar mais particularmente as questões privativas do ensino primário, todas as questões relativas ao aperfeição da escola elementar. E assim se comprima nos successivos números do muito instructivo Bslêtím. Um serviço especial, e de grande utilidade prestava o Boletim Ge fui; e vem. A ser o de responder a perguntas que faziam os professores de instocão primaria e secundaria, e o de resolver 9S duvidas de os mesmos expunham. Apontaremos alguns exemplos do moda porque se havia, ii'estô particular, para com os estudiosos. Ao préféndo de Espinha, concelho de Penella: A cadeira que está a concurso, da freguezia de Santa Maria Magda-Ina, perténe a cidade de Lisboa, e por isso que tem outra graduação a lei lhe dá o vencimento de 140,000 réis. Só pode haver transgivera de cadeira nos termos de artigo 21. de decreto de 20 de setembre de 1844, a saber: Os professores de provimento vitalício serão mandados para qualquer cadeira vaga de egual graduação, se o requererem antes de aberto escarção; preferindo em caso de concorrência o mais antigo no mais ao profesão. Ao profesão de llevar a os concursos da cação (Mra de ingle, no que respeita a traducção vocal, só, segundo noe) CABTA: Em pros Cartas de Chesterfield. Viagens de Gulliver. Sin verso, dois dos quatro seguintes: Estações, de Thompsen. Ensaio, de Pope. Paraiso, de Milton. Hedíbras. Pelo que diz respeito aos themas, tandiem para os concursos, dis. —356— Inglés franceza e ingleza, consta-nos que de portuguez para franceses o ingleses se extrae o ponto, a sorte, dos Logares selectos dos classico portugueses por António Cardoso Borges de Figueroa: de franceses o a singlez para portuguez, adopta-se algum dos clássicos prosadores, por otro que se faz o exame oral. Ao professor primario de... Tem cabimento a transferencia, embora seja de um para outro distrito. O profesor temporário pode offerecer o seu exame dentro de um anuo. Para dissipar toda a duvida, attenda-se ao que diz o artigo de decreto de 20 de setembro de 1844: Cadeiras de instrução primaria, assim do primeiro como do segundo grau, será providas por concurso e exames públicos, oraes e por escripto, que terão logar nos respectivos lyceus, sobre todos os objetos, que, nas escolas normas, formarem o curso de habilitações para o respectivo grau, nos termos dos regulamentos do governo. Cosa indivíduos que tiverem sido examinados na forma d'esté artigo, sem habrem obtido provimento, poderso examinar-se novamente o offerecer o exame que tiverem feito, dentro de um armo, para serem apreciadas e comparadas as provas da sua proficiência. Com as dos ou-tros candidatos. Ao professor da escola municipal nocturna da cidade de... De muito bom grado seria publicado o seu relatório, e o movimiento da escola nocturna. Seriam sempre bem vindos os trabalhos d'esta natureza, em que tanto vae de interesse para o desenvolvimiento da instrução publica. As colamnas do Boletim estavam francas, para a devida apreciação de qualquer escola de ensino publico ou particular. As profesor primário de... As medidas lineares foram consideradas uniformes em todo o reinOi pela inspecção geral dos pesos e medidas; visto que as pequenas diferenças que n'ellas se encontraram de umas para outras localidades, foram julgadas devidas ao abandono e má conservação dos padrões. A vara — padrão da camará municipal de Lisboa (e a Más parte das varas — padrões do reino, em resultado de todas as comparações fci* tas, achou-se ter a extensão de um metro, mais um decimetro. Assentou-se, portanto, em que: 1°^=1°^,1. A um professor de latim, em cadeira fora de líquido: O professor pode, querendo, ou leccionar três boras successivas, dividido este espaço de tempo pelas classes, — ou leccionar de manhã e de tarde, dando a cada classe hora e meia de líquido. N'este último caso, o maior trabalho é para os alumnos, que íicam obrigados a frequentar a aula duas vezes por día, visto cada uma das classes ser obligada a ouvir as lições da outra. Não apresentaremos outros muitos exemplos que o Boletim nos ofrece, do modo de desempenhar o encargo que sobre si tomou de responder a perguntas, e resolver duvidas, dirigidas a esse semanário por estudiosos que desejavam illustrar o espirito. Limitando-nos ao exame do primeiro volume do Boletim, por dizer respeito ao anno de 4861 (ultimo do reinado de D. Pedro v), diremos que se esmerou sempre a redactão em ser interprete das necessidades do magistério, e advogar calorosamente a causa dos professores, maior- mente dos de ensino primário. Com toda a verdade pôde dizer o Boletim, que era o ecco do profesorado, o seu representante em face da opinião publica, e zeloso solicitador das providencias em beneficio de uma classe benemérita, mas pouco attendida e contemplada. Das leis, decretos, regulamentos e portarias sobre instrução publica do referido anno é um excellente repositório, além de conter artígos, correspondências e noticias de verdadeiro interesse. Vimos ha pouco ser o máximo empenho do Boletim advogar a causa da instrução primaria, promover a restaurar. ção a consolidação, o in-cremento da escola popidar em Portugal. Zelosamente foi cumprido este programa, e com uma certa emphase disse a redacção no 1.^ numero do segundo volume: Outros peçam marinha e colónias, que também nós desejamos; outros, agricultura, industria e commercio, que nós também queremos; outros, artes e sciencias, que também a nós nos namoram;— mas nós aqui, todos nos resumimos nos esforços para o primeiro arroteamento da ahna do povo, patrimonio immenso do mundo, e ha tantos mil anos de poisio; n'este ferro frio martelamos sem querermos olhar para outra alguma parte, por que sabemos, o que ninguém pode ignorar, que instruído o povo, elle mesmo levará o governo, quando o governo o não leve á consecução de todos os outros bens. Quando o povo sober, ent �ão se acabará de entender que vergonhosa lastima não tem sido este desperdício millenario de tantos e tantos milhões de entendimen. —358— �ão, podendo dar tanto e tudo, nada teem dado, nem dão ainda tão cedo, segando todas as mostras dos ventos, das neves e da cerração que reinam lá por cima. N'esta conformidade, pediria mna lei que forçasse os pães a pro-camara para seus filhos a luz intellectual; uma lei que só permittisse a regência das cadeiras de instrução primaria a professores aptos para o ensino, assegurando-lhes aliás o bastante sustento e a perspeetin de uma velhice socegada; uma lei que fizesse adoptar judiciosos e eficazes metbodos de ensino; etc. Graças a Deus, parece-nos que vamos. Marchando pêlo camiobo que o Boktim traçava. Governo, camarás municipales, todas as corporaciones administrativas, as sociações diversas, e até indivíduos particulares, todos vão dando claras mostras de verdadeiro interesse peio desenvolvimento e progresso da instrução popular. BOLETÍN OFFIGÁS DAS PROVINCÍAS ULTRAIMUNAS O decreto de 7 de dezembre de 1836, no seu artigo 13.° diaria o seguinte: Debaixo da inspecção de cada governo geral (das provindas ultrámaras) se imprimirá um boletim, no qual se publiquem as ordens peças offlciaes, extractos dos decretos regulamentarios enviados pecrire: respectivo ministério aos governos do ultramar, bem como notidas ritimas, preços correntes, informações estatísticas, e tudo o que fw i teressante para conhecimento do publico. Em data de 14 de agosto expediu o governo uma circular a todas os governadores das referidas províncias, chamando a attenção téléção sobre as instruções que lhes dera em 15 de feveiro de 1855. O governo via que, a despeito das suas Ordens e instruções, Wr nbum melhoramento sensível se notava na publicação dos boletas ofSdaes das províncias ultramarinas. Pelo contrario, em alguns d'elles contído vam a ser publicados artigos que, além de não interessarem por modo — 359— algum ao aperfeição ao aperfeição da administração ou ao commercio e indus tria da respectiva provinda, eram pouco conformes com a gravidade que devia sempre manter-se em uma publicação official. Viu o governo que algumas leis, decretos e outras ordens regias eram jmhUcadas com grande corazo no hoktm official da provinda de Cabo Verde. Ordenou, em data de 10 de dezembro, que o respectivo governador fizesse publicar no mesmo boletim todas as leis, decretos e reglamentos, e ainda outras ordens regias, cujo conhecimento interessasse ao publico, logo que as tivesse recebido, — e remettesse sempre em cada mala os boletins publicados desde a ultima remessa, ou desse conta do motivo da não publicação; devendo ficar-se na intelligencia de que a publicação das mencionadas ordens devia preferir á de ou-tros quaesquer documentos ou escriptos de qualquer natureza. 1857 Em portaria de 6 de março approvou o governo a proposta do governador geral da província do Gabo Verde, para que as diversas aoctoridades da província considerassem como ordens que lhes eram expedientemente dirigidas as portarias d'elle governador geral, a que os boletins em que taes portarias estivessem impressas declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra, se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los principios de la guerra. En la provincia, se declaró que en la provincia, en el caso de que así se había de ser de los O conselho de governo da providencia de S. Tromé e Príncipe remellete ao ministro da marinha e ultramar exemplares em duplicados dos primeiros quatro números de Boletim offidal da província. O ministro vino com satisfação, que se cumpria a disposição da lei que mandava publicar em cada província um boletim official; mas aproveitou esta occasião para reconunendar ao governador o seguinte: Não consentiria que no boletim se tratassem questões que não fossem de interesse publico; e que procurasse, em harmonia como disposto no artigo li. do decreto de 7 de dezembro de 1836, fazer publicar no boletim não só as peças officiaes e as noticias e as noticias da província, mas eguánente as noticias do estado do commercio dos diversos estabelecimentos europeus do golfo de Guiné, afim de que taes noticias podessem servir de auxilio aos negociantes da província. Pediu-se-lhe a remessa á secretaria de estado de doze exemplares de cada numero do Boletim. Si fosse saindo, a começar de num. 1.- (Portaria de 27 de dezembre de 1857.) Relativamente ao Boletim offidal da provinda de Moçambique, ea- contrámos, em um escripto de data muito posterior ao reinado de D- Pedro V, algumas noticias que revelam o triste estado da imprensa néquela provinda, no periodo que ora nos occupa. No relatório do respectivo governador, do anno de 1875, disse elie que encontrara a imprensa era péssimo estado, tanto no que tocava ao material, como no que dizia respeito ao serviço typographico. Era dirigido o estabelecimento por um individuo destituído dos necesários conhecimentos technicos; os aprendizos não títima o conveniente ensino, e mal sabiam fallar portuguez. Pediu o governador que de Lisboa fosse um typographo hábil para dirigir a Typographia. Foi satisfeito o'pedido; mas o novo typographia embora de Lisboa, não era mais habilitado que o primeiro, o que o gorernador explicava pela consideração de que a exigidade dos mendigos não podia ter convidado um artista consummado. Assim mesmo o boletim official continua mais leitura do que as colecces anteriores, a custa de differentes combinaciones, aliándose difíciles em consequência da falta de pessoal e material adequados. Havia já mezes que a junta da fazenda fizera requisições, que da metrópole não haya ainda sido satisfeitas. Promettia o governador incluir no próximo orçamento uma proposta para se votar uma verba maior para pessoal da imprensa, sem o que não poderia dar-se ao Boletim oficial o conveniente desenvolvimientOy afim de n'elle serem publicadas muitas informações, estatísticas, e noticias de verdadeiro interesse publico, condemnadas ao pó dos orchivos, se não houvesse aquelle instrumento de publicidade. A imprensa carecia de um regulamento, principalmente se auguram o pessoal; no emtanto para logo deu o governador umas providencias provisórias, estabelecendo — entre outros preceitos — que a composição do Boletim se fizesse por empreitada. Esta última providencia era así concebida: Cámara será paga aos aprendizos de compositor por tarefa OQ empreitada na razão de 240 réis, termo médio, por columna, con mérito a qualidade do typo; não podendo as empreitadas exceder a verba votada no orçamento para aprendizas de compositor. NB. Não será inútil a detida noticia que deixamos exposta, se Iber reflectir no quanto de séria altenção devem merecer as nossas possessões ultramarinas, em matéria de instrução, de ensino, de aper- ièresmento da condição intellectual do homem. BOTICÁRIOS Veja: Akannos pharmacetáricos de 2/ cl Aspirantes pharmaceuticos. Código pharmaceutico lusitano. Jemno de pharmacia. Phannaceuticos. De passagem tomaremos nota de algumas particularidades. Pelo decreto de 28 de novembro de 1854 fui approvado, para serir a fiscalisação e policia medica das boticas, e governo dos respectivos boticários, o Begimento dos preços das drogas medicinaes, meçúmtoêy remédios e manipulações. Esse Regimento, que fazia parte de indicado decreto, sería observado, e terra vigor por tempo de am anno, e por todo o mais tempo que decorasse até á publicação de outro novo, executando-se nos termos, com as condiciones, e pela forma 'prescripta na legislação especial dos annos de 1627, 1795, 1808, 1810, 1836 e 1837, expressamente apontadas no preambulo do citado decreto de 28 de novembro de 1854. Seriam legalisados os exemplares impressos do Regimento com a assignatura do presidente do conselho de saúde publica do reino, para o qual passaram as attribuições do antigo physico mõr do reino. Em 10 de abril de 4855 foram publicadas as erratas que se encontram emendadas, por quanto a colocção foi impressa posteriormente a portaria de 19 de abril de 1855 que As revelara ao publico. Pelo decreto de 24 de novembro de 1856 approvou o governo, para servir á fiscalisação e policia medica das boticas e governo dos respectivos boticários, o supplemento ao Regimento dos preços das drogas medicinas, medicamentos e manipulações, que fazia parte d'este decreto. Seria observado o Supplemento conjunctamente com o regimento de 28 de novembro de 1854, e como modificação d'este, nos mesmo somos termos e com as mesmas condições prescriptas no decreto da sua approvação. Ficava revogado o Regimento de 28 de novembro de 1854 somos parte em que se opozesse ás disposições do Supplemen to, approvado, como fica dito, pelo decreto de 24 de novembro de 1856. Cinco días depois da approvação do Supplemento, isto é, na data de 29 de maio de 1856, mandou o conselho de saúde publica do reino afirma, por ordem do governo, um ediály suscitando a observación do preceito legal que impõe aos boticários o dever de serem prompios em aviar, em qualquer hora da noite, qualquer receita que for mandada a suas boticas. O ediário recordava as disposições dos §§ xv e xxx do alvará de 22 de janeiro de 1810, segundo as quaes é punido com a multa de Le da 3 de setembro de 1627; Alvarás de 3 de março de 1795, de 8 de novembro de 1808, e de 22 de janeiro de 1810; decretos de 27 de setembro de 1836, e 3 de janeiro de 1837. —363— 4^Si000 réis pela primeira vez, com a de 8.9(000 réis pela segunda vez, 6 com a pena de encerrancia da botica peia terceira vez, ficando inhibido de a tomar a abrir sem licença especial, todo o boticario que no fór prompto no aviamento das receitas a qualquer hora. Já em 1818 e em 1853 títima sido regulada e suscitada a observación dos referidos preceitos. O edital fixava o processo que havia de seguirse para aplicar da pena em caso de transgressão. N. Nos mesmos termos foi successivamente approvado o Regimiento pelos decretos de 30 de junio de 1857, e de 21 de setembro de 1859. Em abril de 1858, na conformidade da lei de 15 de julio de 1857, se annunció que iam estabelecer-se duas boticas, uma na vida capital da Ilha de Porto Santo, out ra na freguezía de Seixal, concelho de Porto Moniz, na Hha da Madeira. Essas boticas haviam de compor-se, pelo menos, de todos os medicamentos designados, como obrigatórios, no Regimento dos preços dos medicamentos de 30 de junio de 1857. No parmaceutico legalmente habilitado, que se obrigasse a esta-belecer a botica na Ilha de Porto Santo, conceder-se-hia, por uma vez somente, o auxilio de 500,000 réis, e ao que se estabelecesse na freguezia do Seixal o de 200,000 réis, moeda forte; pagando-se metade d'estas quantias antes da partida do parmaceutico para as Ilhas, e a outra metade logo que a botica respectiva estivesse aberta no logar escolhido. Os concorrentes apresentariam requerimento documentado com a publica forma authenticada, das suas cartas de pharmacia, folha corrida, e quaesquer outros documentos de habilitação moral e Descreta de la provincia de 27 de setembre de 1859, o sigue: 1. É licito aos boticários vender, sem dependência de receitas, as substancias medicamentosas, e composições pharmaceuticas designadas na tabelião annexa ao decreto, e que d'elle faz parte. 2. É a todas as outras substancias medicamentosas e preparáções pharmaceuticas, que não se acham mencionadas na referida tabelião é applicavel a disposição prohibitiva do artigo 15.° do Regimento do physicio mõr do reino, de 25 de fevereiro de 1521, e a do artigo 15.° do alvará de 22 de janeiro de 1810. —364— Teve em vista o governo regular a execução dos referidos artículos, na parte em que prohibem a venda dos remédios e medicamentosos venenosos, perigosos e suspeitos. Sem receita de facultativo. A tabelião referida encontração de pag. 73 a 76 da colleção da legislação de 1859. A expressão Boticários que encontrámos na legislação citada, está hoje substituída, nos diplomas oíficiaes, e no uso dos competentes, pela de Pharmaceuiicos, mais qualificada, e ao mesmo tempo mais consentânea com a sciencia especial, a Pharmaday da qual vem derivada a utilíssima profissão, cujo exercício presuppõe estudos regulares, oa longa e esclarecida pratica, e auctorisado provimento. Seja-nos permittído recordar aqui uma interessante portaria, na qual se encontra uma resolução, que se nos aifigura ser inspirada pela sã philosophia d'estes nossos tempos, segundo a qual tem a mulher indisputável direito ao exercício e desempenho dos mestres compativelis com o seu organismo, por certo mais melindroso que o do homem. Eis aqui o diploma official a que alludimos: «S. M. el-rei, attendendo ao reqerímento documentado de Maria José Cruz de Oliveira e Silva, natural de Lavos, concelho da Figueira, pedido licença para fazer exame de pharmacia na Universidad de Coimbra; «Considerando uo exemplo das nações mais adiantadas, onde é garantido a ambos os sexos o direito de exercer a arte de curar, chegando a haver mulheres multo distinctas que alcançaram tomar gran nas faculdades medicas, e merecido até de varias associações scientíficas diplomas de mérito; «Considerando não haver lei nenhuma no paiz que prohiba ás mulheres o estudo da medicina o da pharmacia, nem incompatibilidad de pratica pharmaceutica com o sexo feminino; «Considerando que a supplicante provocará bom comportamento, mais de oito annos de Pratica pharmaceutica em offizia particular, sendo quatro anteriores a carta de lei de 12 de agosto de 1854, e dispensa legal do tempo que he falta para o complemento da edade de vinte e cinco annos; E servido o mesmo augusto senhor, conformando-se com a consulta do conselho geral de instrução publica de 16 do corrente, permitir que a supplicante seja admittida a fazer exame de pharmacia, como sollicita na Universidad de Coimbra, apresentando ali as certidades negativas de que trata a portaria de 7 de novembro de 1855, Bom. 4 e 5.1 E com effeítas presupposta a egualdade das condições intellectuaes; presuppostos também o estudo, o tirocinio, a aprendizagem, e a consequente aptidão para determinados trabalhos: é indisputável o direito Da mulher para o exercicio de adequadas profissões. Este enunciado demandaria largos desenvolvimentos; mas prefeimos ofificar a consideração do leitor um facto, que ha de excitar as suas cogitações, por effeito das quaes poderá fazer uma apreciação reflectida, propriamente sua. Nas secretarias dos ministérios dos Estados Unidos, em Washington, estão servindo de amanuenses, até á categoria de suchefes de repartimiento, muitas mulheres, não empregadas como auxiliares e para coadjuvação temporária, mas com o caracter oficial e permanente. Aos europeus causa uma certa estranheza ver mulheres, na mesma sala, na mesma secretaria, escrevendo ao lado dos homens. Compre, porém, reflectir que nos Estados Unidos o homem entregasse a essa labutação affança da vida, para grangear fortuna, em um os mais ramos da actividade humana; tomando-se por isso necessário aproveitar o serviço da mulher para os empregos e profissões que não desdizem da condição especial do sexo feminino. Ainda outra consideração explica o uso adoptado nos Estados Unidos. O homem tom ando parte no prodigioso movimento d'aquella sociedade, não pode contentar-se com exercicios e empregos mediocremente remunerados; ao passo que a mulher, pela natureza das coisas, acomoda com proventos mais modestos. A justiça manda observar que não é prejudicado o serviço publico pela intervenção da mulher; sendo esta, como é, mais accessible ao sentimento do brio e pundonor, e infinitamente mais dócil e submissa do que o homem. Veja-se um bello trabalho do sr. Othenin dHaussonville: A travers lei États-Vnis. Notes et hnpressums. BULLA DA mXU A propósito dos seminarios Diocesanos, veja: tomo iv, pag.51 e 5, 120; vm 290 a 292, 297 e 298. Em quanto ao restabelecimento da Bulia da Cruzada em 1851, veja o tomo vm, Pag. 290 a 292. No capitulo Seminários Diocesanos, de período de 1884-1861, trataremos ainda d'esta especialidad. CADEIRA DE NDHISHATI No tomo VI, pag. 260 a 264, tivemos occasião de ministrar noticias historico-legislativas sobre o ensino da Numismática em Lisboa, com referencia aos annos de 1836 e 1844 Aqui vamos dar conhecimento da fundação de uma cadeira de tal disciplina, em virtude de uma carta de lei, na Bibliotheca Nacional da Lisboa. 1854 Com a data de 8 de julho apresentou o governo ao parlament um proposta de lei para a creação de uma cadeira de numismaticai coleccada na Bibliotheca Nacional de Lisboa. À proposta do governo foi convertida em lei no anno inunediato i como passamos a ver. Eis as disposições da carta de lei de 19 de julho d'este ano: 1.* Bibliotheca, que veja no mesmo tomo vi, pag. 284 e 288, as noticias que a propósito África de Diplomática, dêmos acerca da creação do gabinete de moedas e medias no Real Archivo da Torre do Tombo pelo decreto de 22 de outubro dó 1814. —367 — tenha a necessária aptidão, e vencerá por este serviço a gratificação annal de 200,000 réis, ficando immediatamente sujeita ao conselho sujeto de instrução publica, na parte litteraria, e ao bibliotecario mõr no que respeita a parte económica. São obrigados a assistir a um curso inteiro das lições d'esta cadeira todos os oficios ajudantes da Bibliotheca Nacional de Lisboa. Para ser admittido À matricula n'esta aula é necessário ter obtido approvação, em escolas publicas, de lingua latina, e de geograplia, chronologia e historia. 5/ Decorridos três annos depois do estabelecimento da cadeira, nenhum individuo poderá concorrer á oposición a logares literarios da Bibliotheca, sem prova de haver frequentado com aproveitamento as Uções d'ella. 6. Depois do praso marcado no artigo antecedente, a frequência da cadeira de Numismática será motivo de preferencia para o provincia das cadeiras de Historia, de todos os lyceus, dos logares literarios de quaesquer bibliothecas publicas, e dos de oficial do Archivo da Torre de Tombo. 7. O governo mandará coordenar Um compendio para estudo das disciplinas d'esta cadeira, assim como os regulamentos especiales que torem necessários para promover a cultura d'este ramo de estudos. 1. Dezembro dizia ao governo o conselho superior de inscripção publica: Cácala provida a cada una de Numismática, creada por pelo ministério do sido concorrida, quanto o são de ordinário as escolástica d'esta natureza especialissima. Não se tem feito exames. Passam-se unicamente attestados de aproveitamento, e entre as pessoas que chegaram a obtel-os figuram professores de lyceus, cirurgiões e emprendados públicos. À lei torna o curso obrigatório unicamente para aproveitão aos logares litterarios da Bibliotheca Nacional, e o declara motivo de preferencia para o provimento das cadeiras de Historia, dos lyceus; togares literarios de todas as bibliothecas publicas, e dos de official do Archivo da Torre de Tombo. Creo que a estas classes se deveria addicionar com vantagem para o serviço, a dos professores de grego e latim dos mesmos lyceus, aumentando-se por esta forma com a necessidade de habilitação a requência e utilidade da escola. Actualmente cursam a aula de Numismática cinco discipulos matriculados, e um ouvinte. Está a mesma aula regularmente provida de tudo o necessário para funecionar, e os discipulos frequentam com assiduidade. Em quanto o curso não foi definido e regulado competentemente, o professor fazia preleções oraes, escolhendo nos auctores os assumptos e sujeitos que reputava mais accommodados ao seu intuito. Depois da referida carta de lei de 19 de julio de 1855, ensina por um compendio por elle organisado, em parte ainda manuscripto. Bibliothica Nacional. Relatório do bibliothecario mór, anno de 1888-1889. Foi dirigido ao ministro do reino em dato de 21 de março de 1860, pelo Francisco Martins de Andrade, conservador da repartição dos manuscritos e antiguidades da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, foi encarregado, nos fins do anno de 1841, de estabelecer um curso de numismatíca grega e romana. Pela carta de lei de 19 de Julio de 4855 fui definitivamente creada, como ha pouco vimos, a cadeira de tal disciplina, e encarregado de respectiva regência o mesmo conservador Francisco Martins de Andrade. Para se desempenhar de encargo que lhe foi commettido, colligio dos escriptos de melhor nota, n'este ramo das sciencias archeologicas, o que lhe parece mais accommodado ao fim a que se propunha. Esse trabalho está exarado em um manuscripto pertencente hoje á Biblioteca Nacional, e pode ser considerado como o primeiro compendio para o ensino de curso de numismática que professa o próprio auctor. Serve de prologo d'esse compendio o discurso que Martins de Andrade pronunciara na abertura solemne de curso de numismática, cebrada na Biblioteca Nacional no día 23 de dezembro de 1844. À curiosidade dos estudiosos oíferecemos aqui o epilogo de indícado discurso: Tendo-se visto que a Numismática é uma das formas da arte, uma das mais bellas expressões do pensamento, um aggregado de primores da arte, que rivalisa com tudo o que o cinzel créou de mais por tentoso; havendo-se observado que os monumentos que constituem o complexo doesta sciencia, são os testemunhos mais fieis e authenticos da veracidade dos factos que a historia recolheu no passado para insincéção do futuro; tendo-se notado que as gerações que nos precede-ram, confiaram á Numismática a nobre e elevada missão de contar ás gerações do presente e do porvir como ellas carresponderam a todos os elementos da civilisação; qual fora a industria que haviam creado, a organisação com que Haviam vivido, a religião e variadas formas de éto com que desenvolveram o sentimento religioso: parecería talvez impertinência proseguir com a resenha de todas as mais conveniências que resultam do estudo d'esta sciencia, bastando acrescentar que offeência e grande utilidade ao chronologo, para bem fixar as épocas em que figuraram os mais insignes varões da antiguidade; ao geographio, não só para determinar a localidade de certas cidades, mas ainda para poder dar a conhecer a existência de outras muitas que a historia deixou no esquecimento; ao historiador para poder autenticar os libellos mór, o muito illustre e celebrado homem de lettras, o sr. José da Silva Mendes Leal, hoje ministro plenipotenciário de Portugal em Paris.
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U I Q1 BROADWAY. #18* D.LOj ladies' new york symphony CISV.; ANATOMICAL MUSK M. 6ln'4 ?lt>4 A A?'ft flS'i ] fcKnow Thyself." | j Lite Within Life. | 018s, 4 * <? i ill* H 8IS'-4 No lu ly ghoul l 11*4 fall to rliit thl* marvellous an i wonder lf'tl c Mn 8181$ tion. Fuuialp* only In attendance. tilo1* M-S < >1? ir<iiti 8 A. M. ti.l J p. M. 618* COMERVILLE ART GALLERY. CORNER FIFTH AVE i) nuc and Koui!ccntb street.? Kiiilbltion of Paintings. '?The Nine Muses " hr.li.n.'ph Fa, mailt. From 9 A. M. to ti I'. M., evening 11 m 1 to 10. Admianlnn 25 cents. r| THE NEW YORK CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, J. No. 82 Fifth avenue, corner of Fourteenth street and NO. 820 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N01. 138, 1,10 and IT. 2 Court street, near State, Brooklyn. THE FIRST MUSICAL INSTITUTE IN AMERICA. INSTRUCTION DAILY, from 11 A. M. to? P. M? In all branches of Vocal and Instrumental Music and the Modern Languages. This PONSERVATORY, established. I upon I lentical principle, and running with the intent of its kind in Europe, possesses the combination of advantages for a rapid acquisition of the latter. For which its latter institutions abroad are so rapidly celebrated. By bringing together the above institutions in Europe and America, and concentrating their genius in the field, at one of the most important head, Milk least in operation has been formed, further and more facilities for the study of mental science, at a price within the reach of all, particularly a factor for the attainment of the highest standard of knowledge in the various branches of science. CLASiJ TEACHI VO, liere app'lad to the atndy of mnalo, ?iitiaiaiu-alra tiic fact uitabllaiird by ciiicrlc'ige of c?n tmica In other claaaea of eo e.tea that tlili method of n?'~ alcal tuition cannot be equalled, when the I eat taletila and cure are e nj loyc I In tlicir coi iluct and management: the inw. t brilliant and c-niRcnl ot ni'ialclana arn ura Imttca of ihe Con?er?atorn'a of Germany. Ita y a .d Irunrc, whfru Hiii ?y?t?in orlginalnd and la imraucil ; and our nHtirc In'tltiitt ?uppllea abundant eel Inicti Dial no longer totboaeCou aerrutorlai alone doea thin honor bclodii. TERMS REGULAR CLASHES, ?I0 per quarter. PRIVATE INSTRUCTION. l?2? p?r quarter. TO AVOID CONFUSION In appointing Ihe DAYS and HOURS of Inatructlon, application* for admlaalon will be RECEIVED ONLY from V A. M. lo 8 P. M. at the General Conaerrel >rr Olllce, No. KO BROADWAY. t.e:?r Tv.tlit 1 atiret, New York. No. 128 CO. It P STR'.ET, near Slate, Uri?*lyn. PLIES IN TIIK WEB. H ONE AND A REGULAR FIX, A I WALLAl K'fl EVERY NIGHT (EXCEPT .t ATURDAY). ?EVERYBODY SHOULD SEE THE IIANLONS BEFORE I J the trrmlnnil ill of llinr cnyae* ntviit nt tho 'i'ammany. 1 iin | rtaa and pulillc unite In proi.ounclng tbeoi the I'byaical Wondera of the Niiiclccntli Cemuiy. pLIKS IN THE WEB. UOME ANI) A REGULAR FIX, AT WALLA" K'S EVERY NIGHT tl XCKI'T SATURDAY). IJLYMOUTII cni RCH, BROOKLYN. SF.NATOIt SUM N 1 .11 ov Tin; OUT - TION OF CASTE, THURSDAY EVENING, DliCKM BEIl J, I'tlD. ?;s in tut; wi.b. KUI K OME AND A REGULAR FIX, AT WALLAl'K'S EVERY NIGHT (EXCEPT SATURDAY). Theatre and railroad ticket office, METROPOLITAN HOTRU RESERVED HEATS FOR ALL TUKATUE8. AMUSBUENTS. TALLACK'S. WALLACK'S. Proprietor and Manager Mr. LESTER WALLACK Doors open at 8 P.M. To commence at 8 P.M. The performances commence at 8:30, P.M. This evening, HOME, with the comedietta, A RIO FLAT FIX. Mr. LESTER ALIACKE in both pieces, the rest of the characters by Mr. JOHN GILBERT, Mr. J. H. KODDA KIT. Mr. H. T. RINGOLD, Mr. HELD, Mr. ROCKWELL, Mr. HELD, Mr. ROCKWELL, Mr. HENRY HILL, Mrs. PHILLIPS, Mr. SEFTON, Mrs. TIMON V, Mr. KEEN and Miss CLAYTON. NOTICE. The above pieces can only be performed A LIMITED NUMBER OF NIGHTS, Including the following: APRIL HALL, NUVELTIES. NEXT SATURDAY, DEC. 4, Third Time, HENRY HUNT AR. In active preparation, Mrs. Centurion's brilliant and pleasing comedy, THE WONDER, with Edward BEAUTIFUL BUTTERY. COSTUMES and APPOINTMENTS and a SPLENDID CAST. Charles; terms by Mr. Lester Wallack, Mr. Job Gilbert, Mr. O. Plaster, Mr. J. H. B. Todd, Mr. H. T. Ringgold, Mr. C. J. Williamson, Mr. Held, Mr. Madeline Henriches, Miss Ellie Gerron, Miss Laura Phillips, and Miss Fanny Ellen. NIHLO'S HARDEN. Lessees and Managers JARRETT A PALMER. fifth week of the reriest and inimitable Comedienne. LOTTA, LOTTA, LOTTA, LOTTA. LOTTA, LOTTA, LOTTA. LOTTA, LOTTA, LOTTA. who continues to A TRACT CROWDED HOUSES. ATTRACT CROWDED HOUSES. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1858, will be presented, the live act of military Drama, written expressly for Lotla by Edmund Falconer, Esq., entitled EIRE ELY. EIRE ELY. EIRE ELY. LOTTA (with new Songs, Ac.) as EIRE FY, supported by J. H. TAYLOR, FELIX A. VINCENT, EDWARD COLEMAN, A. D. BRADLEY, GEORGE AIKEN. ERF.D. MAEDER, J. T. WARD, J. W. HILTON, KATE NICHOLSON, MISS EDWARD. Munir.nl Conductor A Composer SL.NoR OPERTI NEW SCENERY by VOCUTIN NEW SCENERY by VOCUTIN NEW SCENERY by VOCUTIN NEW SCENERY by VOCUTIN ENTIRELY NEW ACTS. ENTIRELY NEW ACTS. ENTIRELY NEW ACTS. ENTIRELY NEW ACTS. THE MOST WONDERFUL PEOPLE IN THE WORLD ARE THE LITTLE HANLONS. IMMENSE AUDIENCE IN ETC. PERFORMANCES. IMMENSE AUDIENCE IN ETC. PERFORMANCES. THE TAMMANY CROWDED with LADIES, GENTLEMEN, MEN and FAMILIES, enthusiastic to the highest degree over the WONDERFUL victor Francis and Julian Hanlon. LAST PERFORMANCES OF THE GREAT ACT. LAST PERFORMANCES OF THE GREAT ACT. LAST PERFORMANCES OF THE GREAT ACT. THE IN MWASTIO profession, without exception, need not be the cause of the great act. The CAREFUL arrangement of the SAFETY APPARA? TUS elves to the niid'eii e X FEELING OE TIIEIR PERFECT SECURITY, A FEELING OF TIIEIR PERFECT SECURITY, and the min i gives way to DELIGHTFUL EXCI 1 'EMF.Nl at the celerity and ability of these HUMAN PHENOMENA* THE WONDERS OF LEOTARD, which have hitherto beet held to be chief In the Gymnastic Profusion, and which In London nnd Pari* STARTLED GREAT COMMUNITIES, STARTLED GREAT COMMUNITIES, as with a revelation, nnd drew audiences before wh'e^ the historical ussembiuges In Rome's Coliseum renin pigmy | audicn 'es rumn:emt>iatrd in ?o!d medals and pinto, as Numbering Over Twenty live Thousand Persona, Numbering Over Twenty i.ve Thousand Persons, nre wholly eedpsed, and no longer compare lu any point Ql excellence wiMi THE WONDERS OF HIE IIANLONS. THE NEW GREAT ACT AT NINE AND A yUARTRR. THE NEW GREAT ACT AT NINE AM) A QUARTER. THE NEW GREAT AC P AT NINE AND A OUARTER. THE NEW GREAT ACT AT NINE AND A QUARTF.lt THE NEW GREAT ACT AT NINE AND A Q ARTER. THE NEW GREAT ACT AT NINE AND A CH ARTER, THE NEW GREAT All' AT NINE AND A (J U ARTE HI TIIE LITTLE 1UNLONS. THREE LllTL'i MAR. ELS, A8TOUND ALL CONClil'TION OF HUMAN PUKSIRILJ. TIES. Such wonderful ski. I was never ere:i conjcaureJ. They leap and ? k tp from brnnch to brr.nch and rops to rops, LITERALLY LIKE St,CI R.t !? I.S. LITERALLY LIKE SQUIRRELS. One o' thein cat lies by anwln^'.ug bar and sustains htm self siispende 1 by his heels a one. A leiiuatu description of these marreUous acts au I incon ceivable agllllv is Impossible. THE FIRST AMI'S MENT CRITICS OF THE NEW YORK PRESS unite l'i asservalln ; thMt THEY Ml SI UK SEEN TO HE RELIEVED. THEY MUSI' UK SEEN To 1IE wepk that to attempt to enumerate them or to sneak of thslf meilts w mhl occupy mot e time au I apace Ihiu In nt our com* maud. ?ulllce It to "say. therei n!")!, thai the pro^rnmmu at tha great Wigwam is one of un'uual cxccM' ncc. Such entertain ments draw Inrcrr anulmces than tl.e drama, as is attested by the crowded audiences. ?New YotL Herald. The Tiimmauy tlicaiia now offers en eiilertainmont which for i urlety and Interest has rare y been excelled. The house* arc nightly crowded to their utmost ci?i aclty. The fea nre of the performances Is of course, tho remark >b'v suc 'cssful do* Im.s of ths llatiions, wh Intrei Idiiv and hril.iancy of onsr atlons are greeteil with ths most encouraging commend*, tlon.? Now York Sun. The best vnrl :tv comi any by far we have ever had In this cltf I" that now **?emble I at the TAMMANY. It emnprius al. kinds of performances. At the head or the whole is that singular production of nature, LI TTLE HO It, who dares the most hainrdoii* feats and beats bis parents, '.he Hanions, altogether at their business.? Star. No/. 17, iFliA s ? ? ? s > s s Tlio?e wl.o arc In quest of a place In which to while awa? an hour or two pleasantly should visit the great TAMMANY. The audiences are huus. -lllling and tho attraction* mauy, varied and brilliant Atlas. In active preparation and to be immediately produced, an entirely new cure. By Burnan, HAD DICKEY, with new scenery, costumes, etc., etc. Engagement of Miss FANNY HERRING, Mr. M. W. FISKE and never-failing artist of established women. Agents: Miss FANNY HERRING, Mr. M. W. FISKE and never-failing artist of established women. Agents: Miss FANNY The Matinee at this exhibition will be discontinued for the present. CAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS, 6th Broadway. Genuine Humor, Real Eun by the Original. BIRCH, W. HOLD, BERNARD AND HACKSON. BAN 1- RANCISCO MINSTRELS, Wine increases for this season. The most legitimate entertainment of the season. OREAT HIT OF THE WORLD AND ALLEN, THE GREATEST DANCERS IN THE WORLD, Delightful part also, WAGNER, PAINE, OBERFORD AND SHATTUCK. THE GREATEST OF THE KIND." John Mulligan, Bobby Neumann, Johnny Green, Frank Kent Hilly West, Billy Emerson, W. Bernard, Duly Birch and Charles Backstein. Entire change of program every week. Start reserved for all days in advance. New York enters. Fourteenth street, opposite Academy of Music. U. H. LENT DIVISION MATINEES AT 11:00. DNF.SHA> AND SATURDAY. MAGNIFICENT COMBINATION OF RARE AM> I'NluUE A I TRACTIONS PAUL HINOLEY, THE FEARLESS AND K I'AL'I I KUL FCUYERE, IN AN EL liil ANT SCENE D'Eljl ITATION. The immeaeely ?uo- M?ful tioui c of TWENTY P.EA1. BEUOOIN ARABS TWENTY REAL BEDOUIN ARABS TWENTY l-.EAL BEDOUIN ARABS IN TWO DISTINCT ACTS. ALL THE PRINCIPAL ARTISTS Of the Incomparable Zlrcti* Company In varied EQUESTRIAN AND HYMN AT C SCENE J. A'lmiialon 0 renin t children under ion, Si ccuts. To re ?erved lean, 'i centi. Bnglna at 8. 1 'MOV LEA I r CI.ru THEATRE. TWENTY SIXTH ly a:ieet an I MaJUm ivennr. Tuesday v n n^, Nur. iW, IDA JEROME will a) i ear a< A Ice D-v.-i a i* In John ltro>) -hani'ii comedy ol KLI' S IN I HE Wl II. The comedy to I e fol ow a 1 by the faico MORE RLUN* DEi H THAN ON K. IL OilE AND A REGULAR Kf Jf. Al WAl.LAi K'S EVERY KIGIIT (EXCEI T S \T' RDAY). T/ VERY BODY SHOULD SEE THE HANLONS BE: ORB lU the termir.adon of their engagemeitat the 1 ammany. I he I 11-11 ami puh.ie unite In pro ououlng the n (be I'hyalcal Wonder* of the Nineteenth Century. _____ nMM in the web. FL ii T OME AND A REdl'LAR FIX A ?' ? ALLACK'S EVERY NliiHT (EXCEPT SATURDAY. _ HE OREAT RUSSIAN CONCERT TROUPE, TO NIOIir. BEE GENERAL ADVERTISEMENT. IL OME AND A REGULAR HX. AT WALLACE'S EVERY NIGHT (EM KPT SATURDAY). fTUE OREAT RUSSIAN CONCERT TROUI'E, TO-NIGHT. SEE GENERAL ADVERTISEMENT. H EVERY NIGHT (EXCEPT SATURDAY ' ilUK IN THE WEB. I _ ITIBB OREAT RUSSIAN CONCERT TBOI'PR, TO-NIGIIT. ?EE GENERAL ADVERTISEMENT, puu IN THE WEB. Ay ANTED? AT WOOD'S Ill'SKI M AND MENAGERIE. '? ?Kooilae?n? naiolor, ' i'mnftlulelf. LIE8 IN THE WEB. JI OME AND A REGULAR FIX, ... AT WALLAOK EVERY NIGHT EXCEPT SATURDAY.
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Wikipedia
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Cordula Reyer (* 8. Oktober 1962 in Wien) ist eine österreichische Journalistin und ehemaliges Model der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre.
Leben
Cordula Reyer wurde als zweitältestes von vier Geschwistern geboren. Ihre Eltern sind der Burgschauspieler Walther Reyer und seine Frau Claudia geb. Feldmann.
Reyer begann ihre Karriere als Laufstegmannequin für verschiedene Modelabels wie z. B. Saint Laurent und Helmut Lang. Sie stand einer Karriere als Model aber misstrauisch gegenüber und zog sich nach ersten Erfolgen mit 21 Jahren zurück, um eine Schneiderlehre zu absolvieren und ein Kind zu bekommen. Sie ließ sich dann aber doch überreden, wieder Aufträge zu übernehmen und war ab dem 25. Lebensjahr auf nahezu allen großen Modeschauen von Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Comme des Garçons, Jil Sander, Max Mara, Thierry Mugler und Bottega Veneta vertreten. Reyer war außerdem regelmäßig auf den Titelseiten der renommierten Modezeitschriften Vogue, Elle, Glamour oder Marie Claire abgebildet, fotografiert von weltberühmten Fotografen wie Helmut Newton, Annie Leibovitz oder Peter Lindbergh.
Sie hatte Verträge mit verschiedenen Kosmetikfirmen wie Revlon, Gap oder Bloomingdale.
Reyer begann nach dem Ende ihrer Karriere Interviews und Artikel in Printmedien wie der Welt oder Zeit zu veröffentlichen und arbeitet heute als Journalistin.
Cordula Reyer lebt heute abwechselnd in Wien und Los Angeles. Sie hat einen Sohn namens Benjamin (* 1984).
Schriften
Glücklichsein für Fortgeschrittene: Wie ich lernte meine Schwächen zu lieben, ISBN 978-3-85033-499-0
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Model
Journalist (Österreich)
Österreicher
Geboren 1962
Frau.
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People Profiles
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99,740
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Wikipedia
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El Club Natación y Gimnasia, es una institución deportiva argentina de hockey sobre césped femenino y rugby masculino con sede en la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán.
Como equipo de rugby es miembro de la Unión de Rugby de Tucumán y en la actualidad compite en el Torneo Nacional de Clubes B; segunda división del rugby argentino, tras haber descendido en 2018.
El equipo de hockey es miembro de la Asociación Tucumana de Hockey, compite en los torneos realizados por este y en los torneos realizados por la Confederación Argentina de Hockey.
Historia
El Club Natación y Gimnasia se fundó el 21 de febrero de 1930 en el local de "Pileta y baños públicos 9 de Julio", hoy Club Tucumán de Gimnasia. La sede propia, se plasmó en el solar de Avenida Benjamín Aráoz al 700, y fue inaugurada el 29 de diciembre de 1939.
Las obras se promovieron con gran pompa, por entonces eran las instalaciones más modernas e importantes del norte del país.
En su cancha comenzó a jugarse seriamente al rugby y el campo que hoy perdura en la Escuela Universitaria, es testigo del nacimiento de ese deporte en estas tierras.
El 17 de julio de 1941 se constituyó la Subcomisión de Rugby de la mano de un socio del club, el profesor Mario Santamarina, un exjugador del San Isidro Club de Buenos Aires que había llegado a Tucumán, junto a su amigo Girio Berzero. Ambos eran estudiantes de Psicología y se ganaban la vida como profesores de Educación Física en el Colegio Nacional Bartolomé Mitre. Acompañados por Isaías Nougués y Mario Leal Santillán, se convirtieron en puntales del nuevo deporte. De ellos fue la idea de poner los primeros arcos en forma de “Hache” y de traer las primeras pelotas ovaladas, con las cuales, la juventud tucumana comenzó a desgranar los secretos de este deporte nacido en una escuela de Inglaterra. Pronto, un importante grupo de entusiastas del Colegio Sagrado Corazón y del Colegio Nacional, comenzaron las prácticas. Así se fueron integrando los equipos de Rugby de Natación y Gimnasia y que luego permitirían el nacimiento de otros tres clubes: Tucumán Rugby, Universitario y Cardenales, equipos estos que dieron vida en febrero de 1944 a la Unión de Rugby del Norte.
En 1947, circunstancias de orden político y financiero, determinaron la entrega de la sede asocial a la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán para el funcionamiento de la Escuela de Educación Física.
Sin embargo, lejos de desanimar a sus dirigentes, los que constituían la subcomisión de rugby hicieran gestiones para aprovechar el picadero de la ex Sección Hípica, logrando habilitar allí una cancha y reiniciar con esfuerzo el derrotero del club. Comandados por Carlos De La Serna, quién junto a Juan Luis Aráoz y otros muchachos, evitaron que el rugby de Natación se perdiera. De La Serna fue el hombre de mayor erudición rugbystica en Tucumán. Aparte de ser jugador del Club y del Combinado, fue entrenador de larga data tanto en su Club como en el Seleccionado Tucumano. Como detalle agregó que fue el primer entrenador del Seleccionado de Provincias del Interior, juntamente con el Vasco Güena; de Córdoba.
De aquellos años fundadores se recuerda un equipo integrado por Drago, Postiglioni, Marquitos Romero, Cerviño, Vallejo; Carlos y Fernando De La Serna, José Luis y Hugo Foguet, Jorge y Marcos Muñoz, Mora, Iguzquiza; Diosque, Uslenghi, Zavalía, Zavalla; los Malmierca, el “Cuervo” Machado, el “Robot” Campos, Ritorto, entre tantos.
Hablar de Natación y Gimnasia es recordar también a la familia Ascárate, que comienza su historia con don Ricardo -únicamente dirigente- padre de Ricardito ( el primer “Requeté”), y de Miguel, un extraordinario wing derecho de aquella época. Abuelo también de Ricardo que jugó muchos años en el Combinado tucumano; bisabuelo del último de los “Requeté” (me refiero a Gabriel Ascárate ). Toda una dinastía.”
En la actualidad, cuenta con una buena cancha, amplias tribunas y luz artificial, además de un confortable salón. En la década del 90 se sumó el complejo deportivo “Juan Luis Aráoz”, (en homenaje a uno de sus más activos dirigentes) de cuatro hectáreas, que construyeron a una cuadra, donde cuentan con varias canchas de rugby, una de hockey y paddle, además de un cómodo quincho. La pujanza de los pioneros se vio premiada con la obtención de siete títulos de primera en los torneos anuales organizados por la URT y en un aporte constante de jugadores a los diferentes seleccionados, tanto provinciales como nacionales, en las categorías mayores y juveniles. También fue uno de los precursores del rugby infantil en la provincia.
Su presidente actual, Raúl Basilio, continúa la tradición de dirigentes de gran envergadura con los que contó la institución.
El Club Natación y Gimnasia ha dado al Rugby tucumano jugadores excepcionales, tales como Gabriel “Mocho” Palou, un líder que condujo a su equipo, tanto como capitán y luego como entrenador, consiguiendo dos campeonatos en los años 1995 y 1996.
En la actualidad, “el Puma” Omar Hasán (de descollante actuación en el último mundial de rugby), sin dudas es el máximo referente del club decano del Rugby del NOA. Por su parte, el referido Gabriel Ascárate se ha convertido en el jugador con mayor proyección nacional e internacional que tiene el club para los próximos años.
El rugby se estableció en 1941. En 1944 el club junto a Cardenales RC, Tucumán RC y Universitario RC fundaron la Unión de Rugby de Tucumán.
Jugadores destacados
3 de sus jugadores llegaron a jugar en los Pumas.
Omar Hasan (1990–1996): jugó 65 partidos con los Pumas, entre ellos, los mundiales de Gales 1999, Australia 2003 y Francia 2007.
Gabriel Ascárate (2006–2009): jugó en los Pumas y en los Jaguares.
Javier Díaz (2015–2017): juega en los Jaguares.
Palmarés
Campeón del Torneo Regional del Noroeste en 8 ocasiones (no se computan los triunfos compartidos):
1947, 1949, 1955, 1957,1961, 1995, 1996 y 2017.
Referencias
Equipos de rugby de Argentina
Clubes de la provincia de Tucumán
Organizaciones fundadas en 1930
Deporte en San Miguel de Tucumán.
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Sports Competitions
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99,741
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github_open_source_100_2_8250
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Debt Manager</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.8.1/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-50oBUHEmvpQ+1lW4y57PTFmhCaXp0ML5d60M1M7uH2+nqUivzIebhndOJK28anvf" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Debt Manager<h1>
<div class="row">
<div >
<div >
<h3><span class="fa fa-user"></span> User</h3>
<% if (user.local.email) { %>
<p>
<strong>email</strong>: <%= user.local.email %>
</p>
<a href="/logout" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">Logout</a>
<a href="/unlink/local" class="btn btn-default">Unlink</a>
<% } else { %>
<a href="/connect/local" class="btn btn-default">Connect Local</a>
<% } %>
</div>
</div>
<div >
<h3>Debt</h3>
<dl class="debt">
<ul class="debt">
<% for(var i=0; i<debt.length; i++) {%>
<li>
<p>Debter:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].debter %>"><%= debt[i].debter %></span>
<p>Borrowed:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].dbt %>">$<%= debt[i].dbt %></span>
<p>Interest Rate:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].ir %>"><%= debt[i].ir %>%</span>
<p>Starting Owed Amount:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].owe %>">$<%= debt[i].owe %></span>
<p>Paid Off:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].amountPaid %>">$<%= debt[i].amountPaid %></span>
<p>Subtotal:</p><span data-db-value="<%= debt[i].sub %>">$<%= debt[i].owe - debt[i].amountPaid %></span>
<button type="button" data-objectId="<%= debt[i]._id %>"class="paid" name="paid">Paid Off</button>
<input type="text" class="amountPaid"name="amountPaid" >
<button type="button" class="pay"data-objectId="<%= debt[i]._id %>"name="button">Paid Some</button>
</li>
<% } %>
</ul>
<% if (user.local.email) { %>
<form action="/person" method="POST">
<input type="text" placeholder="Debter" name="debter">
<input type="text" class="money"placeholder="Borrowed Amount" name="dbt">
<input type="text" class="interest"placeholder="Interest Rate %" name="ir">
<button id="submit" type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<% } %>
</div>
<script src="main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
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Labels: user registration
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github_open_source_100_2_8251
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
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import { HttpLibrary } from "./http/http";
import { Middleware, PromiseMiddleware } from "./middleware";
import { BaseServerConfiguration } from "./servers";
import { AuthMethods, AuthMethodsConfiguration } from "./auth/auth";
export interface Configuration {
readonly baseServer: BaseServerConfiguration;
readonly httpApi: HttpLibrary;
readonly middleware: Middleware[];
readonly authMethods: AuthMethods;
}
export interface ConfigurationParameters {
baseServer?: BaseServerConfiguration;
httpApi?: HttpLibrary;
middleware?: Middleware[];
promiseMiddleware?: PromiseMiddleware[];
authMethods?: AuthMethodsConfiguration;
}
export declare function createConfiguration(conf?: ConfigurationParameters): Configuration;
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AWS EC2 & Route53
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sn85042354_1907-03-27_1_8_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Public Domain
|
Clothing Clear ed by us is neither shrunk nor faded, not is the original set all-fired. It saves cost of new clothes. No, will our improved process of dyeing. Write for bookish terms. A. F. Bornot & Bro M French Scourers and Dye - 9 Hk. 716 MARKET ST MANY TRANSFER OF PROPERTY Advent of Spring Marked by Numerous Deals in Realty There were many transactions in real estate recorded since Saturday last, and as a result many families who have moved this year now tine themselves in their own homes. The largest transaction so far recorded was the purchase of the property at No. 205 Franklin street by George Lloyd from Rosa Lehmann, the consideration being $16,001. Following are the transfer as recorded since Monday. Peter A. Bonn to Charlotte M. Boudwin, 505-507 East Eighth street, $100. Rosa Lehmann to Albert Rothschild, one half interest in property west side Front street, $6,000. John McCann to Minerva Docker, southwest corner Second and Van Buren streets, $2260. Edward Rogers to Charles W. Clark, property on west side of Madison street, south of Seventh, $2500. Rebecca J. Clend to Edward Johnson, 1411 Harrison street, $3,000. Maggie Don, wife and wife to A. B. Brayton, northeast corner Sixth and Union streets, $1600. Brama J. Eaton and heirs to Anjg White, west side Washington street. West of Eighth, $6500. J. O'Connell Mowder and wife to Millier A. Saltsgfver, south side Washington, West of Seventeenth, $4500. Mary and John Vedder to Timothy McCarthy, east side Pine, south of Ninth. $1881. Wiley d 'Johnson and wife to Elisabeth McAllister, west side Madison street, west of Eleventh, $4000. Home Real Estate Company to 13th Street, $270.00 For David Tippels, west side Ninth, east of Walnut Street. John Ward Larsen, Bernard Me, $700. Albert W. Posey to Thomas Boudwin, 331 Kant Thirteenth Street, $1125. Rosa Mehcrmann to George Lloyd, 505 Franklin Street, $16,000. Darle Lynch et al. to Bavarian Brewing Company, N.W. corner Front and Poplar Streets, nominal. Sarnia A. Light to, Bloomfield (D. Forbes, N.W. corner Harrison and Sycamore Streets, $1500. Elizabeth A. Walther to Victoria Pozybllskl, north side Third, west of Lombard. $750. Rosa Meberman to Albert Rothschild, Front Street, east of King, nominal. John W. Blines to Jennie L. Wyndham, S.W. corner Pine and McCaulley Streets, nominal. CROBY & KILL'S SPLENDID DISPLAY Crosby & Hill are showing a variety of millinery which for beauty of design and exclusiveness of pattern, is probably without an equal in the city, and that their efforts are being appreciated is evidenced by the throngs of women who daily fill their large show rooms to overflowing and tax their abilities of the large force of saleswomen to supply their wants. The entire millinery department. In charge of Mrs. Young, who personally attends to the purchase of all materials and oversees the trimming of every hat sold by the Arm. It is said that there is no hat ever copied there, all those sold being exclusive and original. The favored and smartest hats for the spring show a marked change from last year. While the favorite mushroom of the winter scaron still stands its own, the shirt must run about for this spring will be the small sailor with a mushroom droop. Blocked hats are far in the lead. Straws are Milan, Panama, Teddo and Leghorn. The new shades are apri cot. terra cotta, nankin, horblon, native hliia, all shades of rose and browns. »freer.s. and all the shades of yellow, Trimmings will be with the ever popu lar ostrich plumes, bird-, flowers, foil kge and ribbons of all descriptions. BATTLED WITH BLACK HAND BKLLEFONTAINB, Ohio. March 27. —A street (biaiAlo .between ringleaders of the BVaokhand Society and citizens remitted In on® man being killed and Baverai wounded. Tito offenders es caned. Salvatore Cira, a wealthy fruit com rrrt*don merchant rec Ived an anony ffior■- trnier test Thursday demanding »1.U00 under threet of »loalh. He tg. nomod It. HU nephews, Charles «pq J^h DeJdM# wire «Kortifcg jh|m Lome, when near Mr. Ctra'. h..u»r *lx men. hiding .bedilml a barri«, e of foe - der. opened ftr® and Josofh De Mar auric to she ground mortally vounded. Ctra's party en '.®d their evolvers and Pertreated to the house >r more armrnmitlon. The wounded lazt died In a «hört tlma dösen« aroused by tbe »t i vg chose to the osoaUants, v. to soaped oifter carrying on a, running- h rht for taatt a mile tn which some wer® wound ad on both sides. DRINK, DRUG and TP8 aC CÛ HABITS £ 5 ^* Ketr Method. herr?:ann sanitarium Ttb^ad Broc aie Stfc Wihnio^too, I)«L PLAYSANDPLAYERS Golf and horseback riding are the (.thief recreations of Arnold Daly, who comes to the Grand Opera House for one performance, Monday evening. April 1st. Mr. Daly usually spends his reactions abroad, dividing his time between Paris and the heaths of England. Turning in time for a week or two, young actor is now under the management of Daniel Frohmam who has provided for his present tour a military comedy, "The Boys of Company B," by Rida Johnson Young, author of "Brown of Harvard." A cant of thirty, many of them well known to theatregoers, makes up Mr. Daly's supporting company. The talent society circles are much interested in the forthcoming appearance of Maude Fealy, America's youngest dramatic star and former leading woman for the late Sir Henry Irving, who is to be seen at the Grand Opera House Thursday evening, April 4th in Martha Morton's latest comedy, "The Illusion of Beatrice." In this play, which gives Maude Fealy every opportunity for the display of her sweet girlish personality, the dramatist has evolved a story of reasonable heart interest. Hippoly play, "Old You Ever Go to a Theatre and Son of Vaudeville" And watch the many different acts and see the way they go. But there is one thing and it's the same way they go. In hard to be sure 'em And that's the act that's Only Rufer Keatoi Do not allow any one to think The only Bub? "Lou" They fought their way up the fame, and for that they're none too worn. The notion with a wife, three children and a table and who also has a turn. Buster Keaton and Company is one of the features of The Garrick's big bill this week. By the put your and hull The new comedy melodrama "Our Friend" -which, makes its introduction to the play of the Lyceum Theatre next Thursday, Friday and Saturday, is written by Langdon McCorkle, and is held to be just the kind of a play to suit its star. Joe Hortia, in the role of the play is a shadow of a dance which is said to be much out of the ordinary. It is advertised as "The Dance of the Devil's Shadow." The second act of the play is an old mill scene, which is said to have taken much time and to plan out. In this scene, one sees all sorts of animats and birds moving and flying about, such as owls, bats, rats, mice, etc. The electrical effect, during this scene, is wonderful. It is what has been told us is correct. In fact, it is said that the production is now and novel, and a far away from anything else we have ever seen. There are many things to take into reckoning when accounting for the tremendous vogue of "Yankee Bess." Which will be at the Lyceum Theatre for three days, commencing April 1. The simplicity of the story appeals to everybody, the broad fun of Miss Fleming as Bess. and the comedy of the other characters, the realism of the various scenes, and the strength of the company. These things in some measures will tell why "Yankee Bess" fills the theatre. Speedies of the highest class will be introduced. At Che Lyceum Theatre, "The Smart Set" will appear (both afternoon and evening) to-day. Arnold Daly, who under the management of Daniel Prohman, is to appear in "The Boys of Company B" at the Grand Opera House on Monday evening, April 1st, is a young man of the most advanced political opinions, fact he is almost revolutionary in his views. He poured forth a perfect torrent of arguments in favor of "government ownership," civic regulation, "Income tax" and indeed subjects, might be guessed he is radically Democratic in his political preferences. Julia Redmond and Company in "Much Married," offer a very pleasing concert that! As soon as all the worth of the paper was published, the city gave considerable space to the other unique way Mrs. Redmond undertook to secure the necessary infants for the east, that of advertising in the press for them. The Baltimore mothers responded promptly and the result was that Miss Redmond had all the infantile assistance necessary at the price of $1.00 a head for the week. New Car in Service. In order to better accommodate residents of the western section of the city, the Wilmington City Railway Company has placed a late car on its West Fourth Street line. The car leaves the city. aves Riverview at 12:20 a.m. leaves Fourth and Market streets at 12:30 and proceeds as far as DuBois Street. The car was placed in service on Saturday night and is much appreciated by the public. Trains to the show at the Garrick this week. It is good wholesome quality which everyone. You Owe Yourself a Spring Hat. Get It at Saltxglvar & BugP'a, S33 Market. TO I r mm Mm mk I 8 ' A Link, in the CHAIR of UNITED CIGAR STORES Saturday Next We Will Open a UNITED CIGAR STORE at Hundreds of Stores in Operation from Coast to Coast. New York—170 Stores. Chicago, III.—34 Stores. Boston, Mass.—16 Stores. Philadelphia, Pa.—10 Stores. San Francisco, Cal.—20 Stores. Oakland, Cal. San Francisco, Cal. Kansas City, Mo. Pittsburgh, Pa. Providence, R. I. New Haven, Conn. Springfield, Mass. Jersey City, N. J. Newark, N. J. New Brunswick, N. J. Paterson, N. J. Buffalo, N. Y. Albany, N. Y. Niagara Falls N. Y. Rochester, N. Y. Baltimore, Md. Louisville, Ky. Cleveland, O. Toledo, O. Indianapolis, Ind. Fort Wayne, Ind. South Bend, Ind. Eric, Pa. Detroit, Mich. Grind Rapids, Mich. Saginaw, Mich. Minneapolis, Minn. Si. Paul, Minn. Duluth, Minn. Milwaukee, Wis. Houston, Tex. Dallas, Tex. San Antonio, Tex. Galveston, Tex. Portland, Ore. Spokane, Wash. Tacoma, Wash. Seattle, Wash. Los Angeles, Cal., Etc. NORTHEAST CORNER FOURTH AND MARKET STREETS. Yog will know us by the sign of the UNITED Shield— emblem of quality. Concerning Price and Quality Our business has been built solely on the quality of our cigars. Today it is a business in cigars alone of 390,000,000 a year because we have proved our Cis. to the world. In breaking new brands, as we are breaking it here, we have based our claims to attention solely on the score of quality. City after city has given us a generous welcome—we feel sure you will follow suit. The quality of our cigars being established, we sell them on the one-profit basis, and thus dispose of the price question. The man who smokes is the man for us. To him we give every benefit of the largest cigar outlet in the world. He gets every saving to a fraction of a cent, that results from direct purchases of cigars that aggregate 300,000,000 a year. No one else buys so many—no one else cuts out all the profits. Our prices, therefore, represent values, the only measure of which is quality—UNITED CIGAR STORES quality. Buying in such immense quantities, we also command the best resources of the manufacturers—tobacco as well as workmanship—and absolutely dictate what the quality must be. We insist as well on uniformity of quality, and get it. Then we keep the cigars in the best condition while in stock and deliver them just to each individual smoker wants them. To these features of our business we are asking your earnest consideration. SAFETY FACTO $1.50—the cigar a proposition. Something to ask for on coming in—a UNITED CIGAR STORE value. The price 6 cents each, box of 25, Great Retail Clarity Dealers In the World because every day to serve the People best. CABBIES BLOCK DEPOT CO. Passengers Loiced to WALK in Mud-tompany Will Walk in Mud-tompany Will Walk in Mud-tompany Will Much complaint is daily heard from the thousands of persons who arrive at, or depart from, the new Freuen street station of the P. B. & W. railroad regarding the annoyance and inconvenience they are subjected to by reason of the large number of hacks, delivery wagons and private carriages which at nearly all times obstruct the crossings and make a regular stabling place of the space under the French "Too" street elevated structure. In the P. B. & W. railroad, the Incoming passenger b, h, m, ber'or horses "ont b0r ",, 1. ^.ni k P.... they would use the o PI « 8 lte.lrte of hearty street for their "*"* Q " r J™. street for their "wouM ea<>(. m thf|11 w he r eaa under existing conditions, his way is blocked and he is surrounded with a howling gesticulating crowd of Jehus, t enough. In itself, to cause the average , ntu, to refuse their services.' Many 1 attaches of the station are loud in their (denunciation of present methods, and state that It Is likely that the officials of the company will soon appeal to the city officials to have the nuisance abated. Not only do these equipages block the crossroads, making it practically impossible to cross without walking, caused by the vast number of cars without walking. The rumor that an era of retrenchment is to be inaugurated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company which would result in the abandonment of improvements already contemplated to the amount of $25,000,000 was denied at the offices of the company yesterday. It was stated authoritatively at the offices that none of the work already planned and undertaken would be stopped. As was announced soon after Mr. Mirea was made president of the road, no new work will be started out for the immediate future... The work already planned and started under the Cassatt management will be completed. The straightening of curves and reducing grades on the main line and on the low grade freight tracks will be completed as rapidly as possible. COAL PRICE FOR APRIL Reading Company Issues Circular on All Grades of Anthracite. The Reading Railroad April circular has been issued. The price for prepared sizes is $4.60 for New York barrels. Last year, account of the strike, no circular was issued, and prices were unchanged on an advance of 6 to 10. The tide price governs the local price and small sizes are the ones in the autumn. Opening at Baders, George W. Bader, who for many years conducted a successful house, furnishing and novelty store at Seventh and Temple streets, has removed to a much more convenient location on Kings Street, below Fourth, where a splendid display of Easter novelties, china, glassware, and in fact, every kind of gift which goes to make home comfortable and cheerful may be soon. The advance of 5 to 10 cents per ton. Pea, $3; Small sizes at tide are: The line circular is changed for present, everything being marked at prices which appeal to prospective purchasers. The formal opening of the new store took place today, and preparations were made to care for a record-breaking trade. Lovely gowns are made of white lace, silver or gold tissue. Such toiletries as accompanied by a colored cross-over taffeta scarf and hat of the same tone that was a fluffy mass of crinoline, tulle, straw, and feathers. That there are natural springs near Huntington whose waters rival in purity the best waters of the world became known yesterday afternoon, when the Standard Water Company was organized to exploit it throughout the country. The springs from which the product is to be taken are known as the old Indian Sj logs, in Christian hands, composed. 3 Brandywine Springs park. Former Senator L. Heister Ball is president of the company formed to bottle and distribute beverage from Brandywine Springs. President Alfred F. Elliott is vice-president and Spotswood Garland is treasurer of the company formed to exploit the water. The Indian Springs were popular with the Delaware. In Colonial days, the redskins attributing much medicinal quality to the beverage they drew from the ground there. The company, an analysis made recently, showed that the water from the springs is fully equal to the famous Poland water. Free Dispensary for Lung Diseases at the Delaware Infirmary Society, 602 West Street, 3 P.M. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday. Physicians and Nurses in attendance. ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. The best place for rest or recreation or recreation at this season is ATLANTIC CITY and the new Fireproof CHALFONTE. It is especially well equipped to supply the wants of those who come to secure them. Write for Illustrated Folder and Rates to THE LEEDS COMPANY, ALWAYS OPEN ON THE BEACH. Work on which has already been stated, was also recently received. The American Car Company and Foundry Company is unusually busy for this season. Time of the year, and from present indications, the local plant will have one of the most successful years in its history. The firm has just secured a contract for 75 Chinese and Persian ribbons, which will be used with the girls again for sorts of shoulder straps and other sets. Passenger cars for the Manchurian railway and another order for 1,000 freight cars for Italy. WARNER'S FREIGHT LINE. SlMman a*iI ftpm d».i)' «Kc«pl Nvh«t 9lrc«t Wfwrf. Wiliw^aik P«r F»grt Strqet.P^ I cta fciA-TVougl» OW rfm e gr t» to tHpMWt». Sfvioq QMl PViUd».^ nu. 1 f .itk.ia. .T.
| 0.569556
| -0.5421
| 946
| 3,812
| 233
| 233
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Mining & Industry
| false
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99,744
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https://persist.lu/ark:70795/w8rx8k/articles/DTL41_1
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BNL Newspapers
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Public Domain
|
Frankreich Paris, 6. Okt. Auch das „J. d’Anvers bestätigt etztaus das positivste den Abschluß „einer Artvon Schut⸗ und Trutzbündniß zwischen Frankreich und olland, welcher um die Mitte Angust heimlich im Hinblick auf die Eventualitäten eines europäischen Conflicts stattgefunden hat“. Aluch bei Belgien habe Napoleon ganz von weitem anfragen lassen; da das Brüsseler Cabinet indeß wenig Lust zeigte, so begnügte Napolcon sich vorläufig mit dem holländischen Smollisbruder allein, „der - so bildet man sich ein - Belgiens Beitritt schon erzwingen wird. In unsern (Belgiens) militairischen sreisen ist die Aufregung viel größer als in den diplomatischen; Holland beherrscht ja die Schelde und damit den Hanptvertheidigungspunkt des belgischen Reichs, Antwerpen.“ Auch das „Journal de Bruxelles“ will die von ministeriellen Organen erhobenen Dementis nicht gelten lasen..
| 0.389797
| -0.591788
| 876
| 3,416
| 240
| 240
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royalty biographies
| false
|
99,745
|
github_open_source_100_2_8252
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Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package org.smartregister.child.utils;
import com.vijay.jsonwizard.constants.JsonFormConstants;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;
import org.robolectric.util.ReflectionHelpers;
import org.smartregister.child.BaseUnitTest;
import org.smartregister.child.util.JsonFormUtils;
import org.smartregister.child.util.Utils;
import org.smartregister.location.helper.LocationHelper;
import org.smartregister.repository.AllSharedPreferences;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({Utils.class})
public class JsonFormUtilsTests extends BaseUnitTest {
private JSONObject jsonObject;
private static final String MY_KEY = "my_key";
private static final String MY_LOCATION_ID = "mylo-cati-onid-endt-ifie-r00";
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
jsonObject = new JSONObject();
}
@Test
public void isDateApproxWithNonNumberTest() throws Exception {
boolean isApproximate = Whitebox.invokeMethod(JsonFormUtils.class, "isDateApprox", "1500208620000L");
Assert.assertFalse(isApproximate);
}
@Test
public void isDateApproxWithNumberTest() throws Exception {
boolean isApproximate = Whitebox.invokeMethod(JsonFormUtils.class, "isDateApprox", "1");
Assert.assertTrue(isApproximate);
}
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void processAgeWithWrongDateFormatTest() throws Exception {
JSONObject result = Whitebox.invokeMethod(JsonFormUtils.class, "processAge", "7/19/19", jsonObject);
Assert.assertNotNull(result);
Assert.assertTrue(result.has(JsonFormUtils.VALUE));
Assert.assertNotNull(result.get(JsonFormUtils.VALUE));
}
@Test
public void processAgeTest() throws Exception {
Whitebox.invokeMethod(JsonFormUtils.class, "processAge", "2017-01-01", jsonObject);
Assert.assertTrue(jsonObject.has(JsonFormUtils.VALUE));
Assert.assertNotNull(jsonObject.get(JsonFormUtils.VALUE));
Assert.assertEquals(2, jsonObject.get(JsonFormUtils.VALUE));
}
@Test
public void testAddLocationDefault() throws Exception {
jsonObject.put(JsonFormConstants.KEY, MY_KEY);
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
array.put(MY_LOCATION_ID);
Whitebox.invokeMethod(JsonFormUtils.class, "addLocationDefault", MY_KEY, jsonObject, array.toString());
Assert.assertTrue(jsonObject.has(JsonFormConstants.DEFAULT));
Assert.assertNotNull(jsonObject.get(JsonFormConstants.DEFAULT));
Assert.assertEquals(array, jsonObject.get(JsonFormConstants.DEFAULT));
}
@Test
public void getChildLocationIdShouldReturnNullWhenCurrentLocalityIsNull() {
AllSharedPreferences allSharedPreferences = Mockito.mock(AllSharedPreferences.class);
Assert.assertNull(JsonFormUtils.getChildLocationId("98349797-489834", allSharedPreferences));
}
@Test
public void getChildLocationIdShouldReturnCurrentLocalityIdWhenCurrentLocalityIsDifferentFromDefaultLocality() {
AllSharedPreferences allSharedPreferences = Mockito.mock(AllSharedPreferences.class);
String currentLocality = "Kilimani";
String currentLocalityId = "9943-43534-2dsfs";
Mockito.doReturn(currentLocality)
.when(allSharedPreferences)
.fetchCurrentLocality();
LocationHelper locationHelper = Mockito.mock(LocationHelper.class);
ReflectionHelpers.setStaticField(LocationHelper.class, "instance", locationHelper);
Mockito.doReturn(currentLocalityId).when(locationHelper).getOpenMrsLocationId(Mockito.eq(currentLocality));
Assert.assertEquals(currentLocalityId, JsonFormUtils.getChildLocationId("98349797-489834", allSharedPreferences));
}
}
| 0.569363
| 0.769009
| 3,634
| 14,564
| 270
| 270
|
Testing Item Definitions
| false
|
99,746
|
OW/1877/OW_18771006/MM_01/0022.xml_1
|
NewZealand-PD-Newspapers
|
Public Domain
|
OTAGO WITNESS [OCTOBER 6th] THI GREAT EUROPEAN NOVECTY As great as an advance over other aperient waters as they were over Epsom salts."— Dr. Silvib, Physician and Prof, of Clinical Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital. London, certain, pleasant in for its richness in aperient salts, useful for women and children. NEW APERIENT, recommended for women and children by Baron by Lancet, Brit. Med. Journal, and the whole of Boston, Dr. J. Marion Sims, Prof. A. Martin, &c., &c. Medical Press. Of all Chemists and Mineral Water Dealers; Wholesale for Export from, THE APOLÁNARIS COMPANY LIMITED, 19, KEGENT STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND, whose Label is on every genuine bottle. E. P. & W. BALDWIN, WILDEN WORKS, STOURPORT, ENGLAND. SHEET IRON, BEAUDED "BALDWIN" WILDEN, AND "SEVEN." TIRT E*3L.A:3FE:3, BRANDED "EP" Ws;^B"W 5;^ B "WILDEN," "UNICOKN," "AELEY", "STOUB." Stamping Sheets, Button Iron, Sheet Iron, Pickled, Cold Rolled, Close Annexed, Export Agents— Brooker, Dore & Co., 2, Good Lane, London, E.O. In consequence of spurious imitations. Lea and Perrins Sauce, which are called to deceive the Public, Lea and Perrins have, adopted a NEW LABEL, bearing their Signature, thus, - which is placed on every bottle of WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE and without which none is genuine. Ask for LEA & PERRINS' Sauce, and see Name on Wrapper, Label, Bottle and Stopper. Wholesale and for Export by the Proprietors, Worcester; Crosse' and Blackwell, London, &*c, Gfcj and by Grocers and Oilmen throughout the World. MESSRS DALGETY, NICHOLS, & CO , and NEILL & CO., Dunedin", New Zealand, ■iiliii l^^H 1 ! SODA JAjIJT ifICKIKERY, B^Hnl ii ' (i^i^B syr «pingm7o'hine, Hl^^^^^f?ll I I'll 111 1 ! II B y wlli * with a double set of Taps one man {p~^ o~f tSj ou VV JIItjGCXOSS St Tinnnnn BUSINESS NOTICES. GEORGE R. WEST, IMPORTER OF PIANOFORTES, HARMONIUMS, MUSIC, &a Dunedin AgODt for GEORGE WOODS and CO.'S PARLOUR ORGANS. NEW STYLES of these remarkable IN- STRUMENTS are now in STOCK ana in TRANSIT. They are in very beautiful designs of cases, and excel all other Cabinet Organs in Musical Effects and Elaborate Finish, and are now offered at such prices as to place then within the reach of every Family in the Colonies. Manufacturers' Agents : OSBORN, CUSHING, and CO., 124 COLUNS STREET WEBT. Illustrated Catalogues and Prices Gratis on Application to the NEW ZEALAND PIANOFORTE GALLERY, Princes street, Dunedin. GEORGE R. WEST, Established 1861. T^XHIBITION OF MERINO WOOL Xi at GOLDSBROUGH'S WOOL WARE- HOUSES, MELBOURNE, ON THURSDAY, 14th FEERUAEY, 1878. R. Goldsbrough and Go. beg to announce that they will hold an Exhibition of Merino Wool, at their Warehouses, Bonrke and William streets, on Thursday, the 14th February, 1878, and invite the competition of the Woolgrowers of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tas- mania, and New Zealand, for the prizes, consisting of FOUR GOLD CUPS, Of the value of 25 guineas each, to bo given by the firm on that occasion for the best exhibits of Merino Wool. Conditions, &c , of Competition, as fol- lows :—: — One Gold Cup, for the most valuable Bale of 50 Fleeces of Washed Woo), not skirced, grown either in Vic- toria, Riverina, South Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. One Gold Cup, for the mo3t valuable Bale of 50 Fleeces of Greasy Wool, not skirted, grown either ia Vic- toria, Riverina, South Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. One Gold Cup. tcr the moat valuable Bale of 50 Fleeces of Washed Wool, not skirled, grown either in New South Wales or Queensland. One Goid Cup. for the most valuable Bale of 50 Fleeces of Greasy Wool, not skirted, grown either in Now South Wales or Queensland. Bains' Wool excluded from competition. The number of days' growth of the wool, the time when shorn, and whether from ewes wethere, or hogs, to be stated. The exhibitors are also required to brand their bales with three letters, different from the station brand, which latter will be put on the bales after the award is made. JR, Goldsbrough and Co.'s agents at the different shipping ports will take charge of all exhibits consigned to them, and pay all charges and expenses thereon. Ad it has been decided by the Government that Victoria shall be represented at the International Exhibition to be held at Paris, 1st May, 1878, growers desirous of sending duplicates of their Melbourne exhibits to that Exhibition should forward same not later than 1st January, 1878, to R. GOLDS- BROUGH and CO., who, if requested, will be glad to ship them to London or Paris. To facilitate the necessary arrangements, intending exhibitors are requested to communicate with R. Goldsbrough and Co. as soon as possible. Goldsbrough's Wool Warehouses, Bourke and William streets, Melbourne, August 8, 1877. Is JAMES PRYOR'S CALENDER OF GARDEN OPERATIONS for OTAGO, with Price Catalogue, can be had on application. On Sale — Perennial and Italian Rye-grass j Red, White, and Alsyko Clovers ; Cowgrass, Timothy, and Rib Grass ; finest mixed Lawn Grass ; Garden Seeds, Choice Collection of Flower Seeds. James Pryor, Seedsman and Fruiterer, George street, Dunedin. BARR, OLIVER, AND PAULIN, CIVIL ENGINEERS, SURVEYORS, LAND AND ESTATE AGENTS. Civil Engineering, Surveying, Land and Financial Agency undertaken in all their branches. DOWLING STREET, DUNNING. 228 TTAUGHAN. JONES'S GINGER WINE. "Standard" Brand. Dr. Hassall's Report states—"It is a great, bitter, warming, and stimulating— of nearly the same strength as sherry, and forms an agreeable and useful cordial beverage." Sold everywhere in the Colonies. Wholesale of VaitqhanJonbs, 17, Water Lane, London. 30ju BUSINESS NOTICES. /CARPENTER'S PATENT LOCKS. /CAUTION TO BUYERS. As fraudulent imitations are being imported under the name of "real No. 60," please note that none are genuine unless branded thus: — VfOULTON'S PAIN PAINT cures the worst pains in from one to twenty minutes. Not one hour after reading this advertisement need anyone suffer with pain. MOULTON'S PAIN PAINT IS A CURE FOR EVERY PAIN. It was the first and is the only Pain Remedy that instantly stops the most excruciating pains, allays inflammations, and cures congestion, whether of the lungs, stomach, bowels, or other glands or organs, by one application, in from one to twenty minutes, no matter how violent or excruciating the pain, the rheumatic, bed-ridden, infirm, crippled, nervous, neuralgic, or prostrated with disease may suffer. MOULTON'S PAIN PAINT WILL AFFORD INSTANT EASE. Inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the bladder, inflammation of the bowels, mumps, congestion of the lungs, sore throat, difficult breathing, palpitation of the heart, hysterics, croup, diphtheria, catarrh, influenza, headache, toothache, neuralgia, rheumatism, cold chills, ague chills, chilblains, and frost bites. The application of the Pain Paint to part or parts where the pain or difficulty exists will afford ease and comfort. Twenty drops in half a tumbler of water will, in a few minutes, cure cramps, sprains, sour stomach, heartburn, sick headache, diarrhea, dysentery, colic, wind in the bowels, and all internal pains. Travellers should always carry a bottle of Motjltok's Pain Paint with them. A few drops in water will prevent sickness or pains from change of water. It is better than French Brandy or Bitters as a stimulant. Sold by all Chemists and Patent Medicine Dealers. C. X MOULTON, SOLE PROPRIETOR, 644, Hunter Street, Sydney. It having come to our knowledge that Spurious Imitations are imported, consumers should be careful to see that they obtain the genuine article with our Brand, which is to be had of all Respectable Dealers. Agents, Matthew Clark and Sons, 72, Great Tower street, London. MARTELL and CO. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. Sold by all dealers throughout the World. IMPORTANT TO FARMERS. BY ROYAL APPOINTMENT To Her Majesty by Special Warrant, dated 27th December, 1865; To the Prince of Wales 3, by Special Warrant, dated 10th February, 1866. DAY, SON, & HEWITT, Original and Sole Proprietors of the STOCKBREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS, For all DISORDERS in HORSES, CATTLE, CALVES, SHEEP, AND LAMBS. These Chests contain the Celebrated "CHEMICAL EXTRACT," for Wounds, Swollen Udders, and Ewes Lambing. "GASEOUS FLUID," for Colic, Scour, and Debility. "RED DRENCHES," for Cleansing the Blood, &c. "BRONCHOLINE," for Hones, Hoos, or Cough. "GASEODYNE," for Heaving and Pain- ing. Prices, in London, with Key to Farriery, £2 16s 6d and £6 6d. Used for over 40 years by the Stockbreeders and Agriculturists of Great Britain and Ireland. DAY, SON, & HEWITT, 22 Dorset street, Baker street, London. New Zealand Agents: KEMPTHORNE, PROSPER, & CO., Dunedin and Auckland, Of whom full particulars and Prospectuses can be obtained. 23 ju ADELAIDE SEEDS. THE attention of Wheat-growers is directed to sowing at least a portion of their fields with this Wheat, which ripens here one month earlier than any local seed, thus enabling growers to spread their labor and risks. Further information obtained, sample seen, and indents executed on application to DARLING & CO., Adelaide Wine Depot, Princes street Widening SOju (Opposite Messrs D. Baxter and Co.'s.) BUSINESS NOTICES: THE FAMILY HERALD. Colonial Booksellers can obtain, an extras- supply of the current Parts through. Messrs. Gordon and Gotch, Collina, street, Melbourne; George street, Sydney;, and Queer, - street, Brisbane. DINNEFORD'S FLUID, MAGNESIA, the great remedy for Acidity of the Stomach, Headache, Heartburn, Indigestion, Sour Eructations, and Bilious Affections: the Physician's cure for Constipation, Indigestion, and all other complaints of the bladder. And as a Safe and Sure. Gentle medicine for Infants, Children, and for the weakness of Dinneford's Magnesia is indispensable. Sold by all Druggists and Storekeepers in N.B. — Ask for Dinneford's Magnesia for KEPTTHORN'S, PROVERBS, & Co., Wholesale Agents, Danville: FOR CHILDREN AND INFANTS, Nichols's FOOD OF FOOD OF HEALTH. A Food on which one may entirely live, and which will sustain the body in full vigor for an unlimited period. Even one meal a day of the FOOD OF HEALTH would give health to thousands who are now suffering from Dyspepsia, Constipation, and the attendant maladies. From the Civil Service Gazette-Of February 3, 1877: Dr. Nichols's Food of Health is a highly nutritious and suitable diet for infants and infants, and cannot be named in the same breath with it proves with age. Price Sixpence. FAMILY HERALD Monthly, Pa. The Maryborough Chronicle says:—7: — 7, A. Person on the look-out for a family paper might do well, to try a number of this excellent periodical. Price Sixpence. FAMILY HERALD, Monthly Part. The Brisbane Courier says:—7: — 7, The Story: teller, as of old, contains matter of the most absorbing interest to novel readers. The scientific items, from the variety which they embrace, are useful in mechanics or farmers, whilst mothers of families are, with a few words, initiated into the fearful and wonderful mysteries, apple pie, or the dishing up of Australian meats and soups. Amusements are „ not forgotten, and, random readings,, full' of ,,^' original' wit and humour, assist in making jup," » periodical acceptable to all." < j': «; < - f «. ! j JL: !■ ,' ' ■ -i -;1 •■)/, , ■ ■ Price Sixpence^ " ' "-' TjiAMILY HERALD Monthly' PajLtV; X? The Weekly Herald says'tV ' '" ' " <! ' '. " The most instructive arid amusing of our' j English periodicals ; and its pufe^EtefatureV/ its well- written-, tales,' ■ and "iW excellent- 1 leading articles, ' resder^ it truly " -• a joy-* ti> • tens of thousands of innocent English' house- ■ * holds.'". ■ ■ ■-..,.- _ a { 1 -, Price Sixpence. '' * s ~>^ FAMILY. HERALD Monthly jPart. < fT The Brisbane Telegraph says,': — , ••, I: a "Still holds its, own- as the, best of the London Weekly.periodioals. I^i .stories ar^ excellent from every point. of view,, and , their authors hold no mean place in the lite- i: ; rary world Its essays afford real inteK * lectual treats." ' ,' " • v ', ;. f ' The ' l "'*' ''"'' ' FAMILY HERALD may be had in 'Half-,., yearly Volumes (4s\6d).and'in Monthly 74 - 1 ' Parts (6d)'atasmallperceritaa;e"overth'epub- J " lished price, of Bll''Col6nial ! Booksellers'aHd News Agents; or the 1 Monthly JParts' direct t from W. Stevena, 421-,. Strand, London, for c 14aper annum, post free. ;.'•-, 't ••';> ; '■ ; ; ; : -^ >'j, /CAUTION.— To Shippers and Others'.-™ a \J BISHOP'S GRANULAR EFFER- -[ VESCENT CITRATE OF MAGNESIA.—. Whereas the original inventor of the. above celebrated saline draught has discovered that j large quantities of an 'inferior preparation 'J have been shipped to the Colonies and else-" where, purporting to be of Mr Bishop's'" manufactuie, and bearing 1 labels suriil&r to those issued by him : Notice iahereby "given," ! that the genuine Bishop's - Granular Effer- > vescent Citrate of Magnesia is manufactured 1 by the undersigned only, and shippers are cautioned to see that each label bears the >, trade mark and full address of Alfred Bishop, nYn V manufacturing chemist, 17, Speck's .Fields, , t Mile-cad New Town, London. J AgentSTT- Dunedin : KEMPTHORNE, PROS'SER, 1 and h CO., and all Chemist-* and Merchants, 2Sa« BTTINESgS NOTICES.
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胡麻鯖（ごまさば）は、福岡県の郷土料理の一つ。
サバの刺身を醤油、炒りゴマ、味醂を加えて和えたもの。おろしショウガ、ワサビ、もみ海苔等の薬味が追加される場合もある。そのまま食べる他にも、飯に乗せて湯等をかけ茶漬け風にして食べる場合もある。こうした食べ方が広がったのは、醤油が一般的に手に入るようになった江戸時代後期から明治時代初期ではないかとされている。
使うサバは新鮮でないと食中毒の危険がある。食中毒の原因となる寄生虫アニサキスは目視できる大きさであるが、酢に漬け込むだけでは死ぬことはない。しかし、長崎県や福岡県など日本海側で獲れるマサバに寄生するアニサキスは、太平洋側のマサバに寄生するアニサキスと比べて、刺身として食する部位への移動が少ないという特徴がある。福岡県や大分県など九州でサバの生食文化が根付いているのは、生で食べても食中毒になりにくいことの影響という。福岡でこの料理を食べ、その味が忘れられず地元で作って中毒に襲われることもあるという。
脚注
刺身
日本の魚介料理
サバ料理
福岡県の食文化
ゴマ料理.
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Gildas
RCS non inscrit.
411 316 698
RM
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Travaux de plâtrerie
les Babins
49530
Bouzillé
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture d'une procédure de redressement judiciaire
5 novembre 2014
Jugement prononçant l'ouverture d'une procédure de redressement judiciaire, désignant mandataire judiciaire Maître Bernard JUMEL 2, square Lafayette - 49000 Angers . Les déclarations des créances sont à déposer au mandataire judiciaire dans les deux mois à compter de la présente publication.
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FIGS. 26A-26D: Immunization of NRG mice engrafted with CD34⁺ HSC from G-CSF donors to evaluate the effects of pp65 co-expression in SmyleDC/pp65. a) Experimental scheme. 4 week-old irradiated NRG mice transplanted with G-CSF mobilized stem cells were immunized with either SmyleDC or SmyleDC/pp65 at weeks 10 and 11 after transplantation. Blood, plasma, spleen and bone marrow were collected on week 20. b) Kinetics of human lymphocyte expansion in peripheral blood. Frequencies of human T helper (CD45⁺/CD4⁺) and CTL (CD45⁺/CD8⁺) in blood were determined before and after DC immunizations at weeks 10, 13 and 20. c) Kinetics of human B cell expansion in peripheral blood. Frequency of human B cells (CD45⁺/CD19⁺) cells was determined in blood of immunized NRG mice by FACS analyses. d) Left bar graphs: Absolute numbers of CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD19⁺ cells in spleen determined by FACS; Right bar graphs: T cell subsets determined in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ populations recovered from mice immunized with SmyleDC (n=5) and SmyleDC/pp65 (n=2): Naïve (N, white), T Central Memory (TCM, grey) and T Effector Memory (TEM, black). The data indicates the capacity of SmyleDC/pp65 to generate endogenous regeneration of mature helper and cytotoxic T cells.
FIGS. 27A-27D: Functional effects of NRG mice engrafted with adult CD34+ cells and immunized with SmyleDC/pp65. a) Human cytokines detectable in plasma (pg/ml) of NRG mice transplanted with adult HSC and immunized with SmyleDC or SmyleDC/pp65. b) Pooled and sorted CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ splenocytes obtained from mice (n=3) transplanted with adult HSC and immunized with SmyleDC/pp65 were expanded in vitro with SmyleDC/pp65 and pulsed with an irrelevant peptide pool (TRP2) or with a pp65 peptide pool on an IFN-γ ELISPOT plate assay. c) Human immunoglobulins (ng/ml) detectable in plasma of NRG mice transplanted with adult HSC and immunized with SmyleDC (n=5) or SmyleDC/pp65 (n=5) in comparison with plasma obtained from human donors (n=3): IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgM. d) Reactivity of mouse plasma IgM and IgG obtained from mice immunized with SmyleDC (n=3) or SmyleDC/pp65 (n=3) against pp65 measured by ELISA. The data demonstrate the requirement of the pp65 to regenerate functional human immune responses (cytokines and immunoglobulins) and antigen-specific responses (T helper, CTL, IgG).
FIGS. 28A-28D and FIG. 28F: Immunization of NRG mice engrafted with UCB CD34⁺ HSC. a) Experimental scheme. 4 week-old irradiated NRG mice transplanted with UCB stem cells controls (n=7), immunized twice with SmyleDC/pp65 at weeks 10 and 11 (n=8) or four times at weeks 6, 7, 10 and 11 (n=4) after transplantation. Non-immunized mice were used as controls. Blood, plasma, spleen and thymus were collected on week 16. b) Kinetics of human lymphocyte reconstitution in peripheral blood. Frequencies of human T helper (CD45⁺/CD4⁺), CTL (CD45⁺/CD8⁺) and B cells (CD45⁺/CD19⁺) were determined in blood of immunized mice by FACS analyses. c) Kinetics of development of T cell subsets in spleen determined as absolute numbers for human T helper cells or CTLs: Naïve (N), T Central Memory (TCM) and T Effector Memory (TEM).d) Analyses of T cells at different stages of development in thymus. DP: CD45⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD4SP: CD45⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁻, CD8SP: CD45⁺/CD4⁻/CD8⁺ CD3^(lo): CD45⁺/TCRαβ⁻/TCRγδ⁻ CD3αβ^(hi): CD45⁺/TCRαβ⁺, CD3 γδ^(hi): CD45⁺/TCRγδ⁺. f) Frequency of Tregs determined in blood as CD4⁺/CD127⁻CD25^(hi) or CD4⁺/CD127⁻CD25^(hi)FOXP3⁺. The data demonstrates that SmyleDC immunization also stimulates the regeneration of the immune system originated from cord blood neonate stem cells. This effect includes the early development of T cells in the thymus and does not affect the frequency of tolerizing cells as γδT cells and Tregs.
FIGS. 29A-29D: Functional effects of NRG mice engrafted with cord blood CD34⁺ cells and immunized with different doses of SmyleDC/pp65. Sorted CD3⁺ splenocytes obtained from mice (n=2) transplanted with cord blood HSC and non-immunized (control), immunized 2 times with SmyleDC/pp65 (2×) or immunized 4 times with SmyleDC/pp65 (4×) were expanded in vitro with SmyleDC/pp65 and not stimulated or pulsed with an irrelevant peptide pool (TRP2) or with a pp65 peptide pool. a) Intracellular analyses of CD4⁺/IFN-γ⁺ and b) Intracellular analyses of CD8⁺/IFN-γ⁺ were performed to determine the frequencies of reactive T cells. c) Human immunoglobulins (ng/ml) detectable in plasma of control NRG mice transplanted with cord blood HSC (n=5) compared with transplanted mice immunized 4 times with SmyleDC/pp65 (n=5): IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgM. d) Reactivity of mouse plasma IgG obtained from control mice or mice immunized 4 times with SmyleDC/pp65 (n=3) against pp65 measured by ELISA. Human plasma was included as a positive control. The data demonstrates endogenous regeneration of a functional human immune system derived from stem cells of the cord blood, as both T cell and B cell responses against the antigen can be produced.
In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an induced dendritic cell (iDC) engineered to express
- - a) at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs; and - b) at least one antigen; - for use as a medicament.
In a second aspect, the present invention relates to n iDC engineered to express
- - a) at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs; and - b) at least one antigen; - for use in the regeneration of the immune system of an immunodeficient subject following transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to aspect 2, wherein the vector is a lentiviral vector.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to aspect 3, wherein the lentiviral vector is integrase defective.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 4, wherein the iDC expressing at least one antigen expresses at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to the method according to aspect 5, wherein the cytokine is selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL-4, IFN-α, IL-15, TGF-B, TNF-α, FLT3L, IL-3 and CD40L.
In a seventh aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to aspect 6, wherein the iDC expresses a combination of cytokines selected from the group consisting of (i) FLT3L and IL-3; (ii) FLT3L and CD40L; (iii) FLT3L and IFN α; (iv) GM-CSF and IFN-α and IL-15; (v) GM-CSF and IFN-α and TNF-α; and (vi) GM-CSF and IFN-α and TGF-B.
In an eighth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 7, wherein one antigen is expressed by the iDC is an antigen which can induce a cytotoxic or humoral immune response selected from the group consisting of xeno-reactivity, allo-reactivity, neo-reactivity or auto-immunity.
In a ninth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 8, wherein the immunodeficiency of the subject is an immunodeficiency selected from the group consisting of immunodeficiency caused by ionizing radiation, immunodeficiency caused by the administration of at least one cytotoxic pharmaceutical, primary immunodeficiency and immunodeficiency caused by a pathogen.
In a tenth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 9, wherein the hematopoietic stem cell transplant is autologous.
In an eleventh aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 9, wherein the stem cell transplant is heterologous.
In a twelfth aspect, the present invention relates to the iDC according to any one of aspects 2 to 11, wherein the subject is human.
In a thirteenth aspect, the present invention relates to an iDC engineered to express
- - a) at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs; and - b) at least one antigen; for use as a medicament for the treatment of cancer which spreads lymphatically or a disease caused by a lymphotrophic pathogen.
In a fourteenth aspect, the present invention relates to an iDC comprising at least one integrase-defective lentiviral vector, wherein said vector mediates expression of
- - a) at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs; and - b) at least one antigen.
In a fifteenth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for regenerating an immune system in an immunodeficient subject comprising the steps of
- - a) transplanting hematopoietic stem cells to the subject; and - b) administering to the subject an induced dendritic cell (iDC) engineered to express at least one antigen and at least one cytokine which induces the self-differentiation of human dendritic cell (DC) progenitor cells into DCs.
In a sixteenth aspect, the present invention relates to the method according the aspect 15, wherein the subject is a mouse and the HSC are derived from a human.
In a seventeenth aspect, the present invention relates to the method according to the aspect 16, wherein the mouse is characterized by the presence of endogenous T-cells and endogenous progenitors of dendritic cells.
In an eighteenth aspect, the method according to aspects 16 or 17, wherein the mouse strain has a primary immune deficiency that leads to dysfunction or absence of adaptive immune system (including T and B cells).
In a nineteenth aspect, the present invention relates to the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 18, wherein the mouse is selected from the group of strains consisting of NOD-Rag1^(null)IL2Ry^(null)-NRG, NOD/LtSz-SCID/IL2Ry^(null)-NSG and NOD/SCID/IL2Ry^(null)-NOG.
In a twentieth aspect, the present invention relates to the method according to any one of aspects 15 to 19, wherein the vector mediates the expression of the antigen pp65 and the cytokines (i) GM-CSF and (ii) interferon-α and/or interleukin-4.
In a twenty-first aspect, the present invention relates to a mouse with a regenerated immune system produced by a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 20.
In a twenty-second aspect, the present invention relates to use of the mouse according to aspect 21 for the study of the human immune system or for the testing of drugs, implants or devices for their use in humans.
The following example is merely intended to illustrate the invention. They shall not limit the scope of the claims in any way.
EXAMPLES Example 1 Materials and Methods Lentiviral Vector Construction and Integrase-Defective Lentivirus Production
The self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral backbone vector and the monocistronic vectors expressing the CMV-pp65 and firefly luciferase, LV-fLUC were previously described (Salguero, G. et al., 2011, “Preconditioning therapy with lentiviral vector-programmed dendritic cells accelerates the homeostatic expansion of antigen-reactive human T cells in NOD.Rag1−/−.IL-2rgammac−/− mice.” Hum Gene Ther 22: 1209-1224). Construction of the bicistronic lentiviral vector expressing the human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and of the human interferon alpha (LV-G2α) interspaced with a P2A element (RRL-cPPT-CMV-hGMCSF-P2A-hIL4) was constructed and extensively characterized as previously described (Daenthanasanmak, A. et al., 2012, “Integrase-defective lentiviral vectors encoding cytokines induce differentiation of human dendritic cells and stimulate multivalent immune responses in vitro and in vivo.” Vaccine 30: 5118-5131). The structural integrity of all constructs was reconfirmed by restriction digestion and sequencing analysis of the promoters and transgenes. Large scale lentivirus production was performed by transient co-transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells as formerly described (Stripecke, R., 2009, “Lentiviral vector-mediated genetic programming of mouse and human dendritic cells.” Methods Mol Biol 506: 139-158.). To generate integrase-defective lentivirus, four packaging plasmids were used in the co-transfection: the plasmid containing the lentiviral vector expressing the cytokines, the plasmid expressing gag/pol containing a D64V point mutation in the integrase gene (pcDNA3 g/pD64V.4×CTE), the plasmid expressing rev (pRSV-REV) and the plasmid encoding the VSV-G envelope (pMD.G). Virus supernatants were collected and concentrated by ultracentrifugation and the titers were evaluated by assessing p24 antigen concentration with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) (Cell Biolabs, Inc. San Diego, USA). One μg of p24 equivalent/ml corresponds to approximately 1×10⁷ infective viral particles/ml.
Human CD34 Positive Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Isolation
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from leukapheresis of hematopoietic adult stem cell transplantation adult donors subjected to haematopoietic stem cell mobilization regimen with G-CSF (Granocyte, Chugai Pharma). All studies were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Hannover Medical School Ethics Review Board. CD34+ cells were positively selected by MACS using a CD34 magnetic cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany). After two rounds of positive magnetic selection, cell purity obtained was above 97% with a contamination of CD3+ T cells bellow 0.2% as evaluated by flow cytometry.
Generation of Human Conventional-IFNα and Smyle DCs,
The autologous CD34 negative PBMC fraction was used for further positive selection of CD14⁺ monocytes using CD14 isolation beads (Miltenyi Biotech). For lentiviral gene transfer, monocytes were kept in culture with serum-free Cellgro medium in the presence of recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-4 (50 ng/ml each, Cellgenix, Freiburg, Germany) for 8 h prior to transduction. For generation of SmyleDC/pp65, 5×10⁶ CD14⁺ monocytes were transduced at a multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) of 5 (corresponding to 2.5 μg/mL p24 equivalent) of both ID-LV-G2α and in the presence of 5 μg/ml protamine sulfate (Valeant, Dusseldorf, Germany) for 16 h. After transduction, Smyle/pp65 DC were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and further maintained in culture with serum-free Cellgro medium. For production of conventional IFN-α-DCs monocytes were incubated with ID-LV-pp65 as described above. Following 16 h transduction, LV was removed and cells were maintained in culture in the presence of recombinant human GM-CSF (50 ng/ml), and IFN-α (1000 U/ml, PBL InterferonSource, New Jersey, USA). Cytokines for Con-IFN/pp65 were replenished every 3 days, while SmyleDC were incubated without cytokines in the medium. iDC were harvested after 7, 14 and 21 days of culture. For mouse immunizations, Smyle/pp65 at day 1 or Con-IFN/pp65 DC at day 7 after transduction were resuspended in PBS, used for s.c. injection. The number of viable counts was determined with trypan blue exclusion.
Mouse Transplantation with Human HSC
NOD.Cg-Rag1^(tmlMom)Il2rg^(tmlWjl) (NOD;Rag1^(−/−);IL-2rγ^(−/−), NRG) mice were bred and maintained under pathogen free conditions in an IVC system (BioZone, United Kingdom). All procedures involving mice were reviewed and approved by the Lower Saxony and followed the guidelines provided by the Animal Facility at Hannover Medical School. For HSC transplantation, 4-week old mice were sublethally irradiated (450 cGy) using a ¹³⁷Cs column irradiator (gammacell, company, country). Mouse recipients were intravenously injected with 5×10⁵ human CD34+ peripheral blood HSC into the tail vein. Mice were bled at different time points (6, 10 and 13) after human HSC transplantation to monitor the status of human hematopoietic cell engraftment and were sacrificed at week 20 for final analyses. For DC immunizations, Smyle/pp65 or Con-IFN/pp65 DC were collected from culture plates and resuspended at a concentration of 5×10⁵ cells in 100 μL of PBS. HSC-reconstituted mice were injected at 10 and 11 week after HSC transplantation with DC suspensions by subcutaneously injection into the mouse right hind limb using a 27-gauge needle.
Flow Cytometry Analysis
Engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in human HSC-reconstituted mice was evaluated in peripheral blood and spleens using the following mouse anti-human antibodies: PerCP anti-CD45, Alexa700 anti-CD19, Pacific blue anti-CD4, APC anti-CD3, PE-Cy7 anti-CD8, FITC anti-CD45RA, PE anti-CD62L (Biolegend), PE anti-CD14, FITC anti-Lineage positive, APC anti-CD11c, PE anti-CD123 (Becton Dickinson). For peripheral blood analyses, blood was lysed by two rounds of incubation with erythrocyte lysis buffer (0.83% ammonium chloride/20 mM Hepes, pH 7.2) for 5 min at room temperature followed by stabilization with cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and centrifugation for 5 min at 300 g. Cells were incubated with antibodies for 30 min at 4° C. Harvested spleen cells were treated with erythrocyte lysis buffer (0.83% ammonium chloride/20mMHepes, pH 7.2) for 5 min, washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with antibodies for 30 min on ice. After a washing step, cells were resuspended in PBS and acquired in LSR flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). For DC phenotypic characterization the following anti-human antibodies were used: PE anti-CD80, PerCP anti-HLA-DR, APC anti-CD86, APC anti-CD83 (Becton Dickinson). For DC staining, cells were collected, washed once with PBS and incubated with mouse IgG (50 μg/mL) on ice for 15 min followed by incubation with the antibodies. Cells were washed, resuspended in cell fix solution (Becton Dickinson) and further analyzed using a FACSCalibur cytometer. Analyses were performed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
Histology and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Human T Cell Engraftment
LN from human HSC-reconstituted NRG or C57B16 wild type mice were harvested and embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound (O.C.T. Sakura Finetek, Torrance, Calif., USA) for cryopreservation. Frozen sections (5 μm) were fixed by acetone and stained with monoclonal anti-mouse or human CD3 (eBioscience, San Diego, Calif., USA), anti mouse or human CD11c (eBioscience), anti-mouse LYVE-1 (Dako), anti-CD31 mouse (BD Bioscience). Immunofluorescence analyses were performed in a AXIOCAM fluorescence microscope (Zeiss).
In Vivo Bio-Luminescence Imaging Analyses
Mice were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and xylazine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally), and an aqueous solution of d-luciferin (150 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was injected 5 minutes before imaging. Mice were placed into a dark chamber of the charge-coupled device camera (IVIS 200, Xenogen, Cranbury, N.J., USA), and grayscale body surface reference images (digital photograph) were taken under weak illumination. After the light source was switched off, photons emitted from luciferase-expressing cells within the animal body and transmitted through the tissue were quantified over a defined time of up to 5 minutes using the software program Living Image (Xenogen) as an overlay on Igor (Wavemetrics, Seattle, Wash., USA). For anatomical localization, a pseudocolor image representing light intensity (blue, least intense; red, most intense) was generated in Living Image and superimposed over the grayscale reference image. Quantified luminescence consists in averaged photon radiance on the surface of the animal and is expressed as photons/sec/cm²/sr where sr=steradian.
Functional Analyses of Pp65-CTLs Recovered from Mouse LN and Spleen
For evaluation of immune responses against CMV-pp65, splenocytes from each group were harvested, pooled stained with APC-conjugated anti-human CD3 and sorted using a XDP cell sorter (Beckman Coulter). Human CD3⁺ cells were seeded at a density of 10.000 cells per well in anti-human IFN-γ-coated 96-well ELISPOT plate and incubated overnight in the presence of 10 μg/mL of pp65 overlapping peptide pool (Miltenyi). CEF recall peptide pool corresponding to a mixture of CMV, Epstein-Barr virus and influenza virus epitopes (PANA Tecs GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) was used as positive control. Next day, cells were washed and plates were further incubated with biotin-conjugated anti-human IFN-γ antibodies followed by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidine. Plates were developed using NBT/BCIP liquid substrate and analyzed in an AELVIS ELISPOT reader (AELVIS GmbH, Hannover, Germany). For analyses of lymphocytes obtained from LN, cells were expanded ex vivo for seven days in the presence of SmyleDC or SmyleDC/pp65 and exposed to pp65 overlapping peptide pool on a ELISPT plate and IFN-γ spots were counted.
Immunoglobulin Production in HSC-NRG Mice
Plasma was harvested from HSC-NRG mice 20 weeks after reconstitution (8 weeks after second Smyle or IFN-conDC) and screened by ELISA for the presence of total human IgM an total human IgG as described elsewhere (Becker, P. D. et al., 2010, “Generation of human antigen-specific monoclonal IgM antibodies using vaccinated “human immune system” mice” PLoS One 5). Total IgM and IgG determination was performed by coating 96-well plates either with AffiniPure F(ab′)2 fragment goat anti-human IgM (Fc5μ-specific, Jackson ImmunoResearch) or AffiniPure goat anti-human IgG (Fcγ fragment-specific; Jackson ImmunoResearch). Control human serum protein calibrator (Dako) with known IgM (0.8 mg/ml) and IgG (10.4 mg/ml) concentrations was used as a standard to be compared to the samples. After coating, the plates were washed in ELISA wash buffer (PBS, 0.5% Tween-20), blocked with 4% of milk and further incubated with serial dilution of mouse plasma (starting at a dilution of 1:5). Enzyme-conjugated detection antibodies were added at a dilution of 1:2500 for HRP-conjugated anti-IgG and a dilution of 1:5000 for HRP-conjugated anti-IgM (both from Jackson ImmunoResearch). TMB substrate/stop solution (Biosource) was used for the development of the ELISA assay.
Statistical Analysis
Parametric (t test) and non-parametric (Kruskall-Wallis) statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences among groups for engrarftment of hematopoietic lineages in HIS-NRG mice. Analyses were performed in Graph prism 5^(th) version software. All tests were two-sided, and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results LV-Induced Smyle/Pp65 DC Generation and Characterization
We have recently shown that integrase-defective (ID)-LV used to promote constitutive expression of human GM-CSF and IFNα in human monocytes induced highly viable IFNα-DC with high activating status and high viability and engraftment properties in vivo (Daenthanasanmak, A. et al., 2012, “Integrase-defective lentiviral vectors encoding cytokines induce differentiation of human dendritic cells and stimulate multivalent immune responses in vitro and in vivo” Vaccine 30: 5118-5131). These LV-induced DC, named as “Smyle” (Self-differentiated, myeloid-derived, lentivirus-induced) DC, could be additionally co-transduced with a ID-LV for expression of the CMV tegument viral protein pp65. Smyle/pp65 potently stimulated anti CMV-specific CTL responses in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to test the feasibility of Smyle/pp65 DC generation using leukapheresis obtained from GCSF-mobilized hematopoietic stem cell donors (FIG. 1A). Briefly, for Smyle/pp65 generation, CD14⁺ cells were isolated by magnetic selection of PBMC obtained from GCSF-mobilized HSCT donor leukapheresis and preconditioned with GM-CSF and IL-4 followed by overnight LV co-transduction with bicistronic LV expressing GM-CSF and IFN-α and LV expressing CMV-pp65. After LV removal, Smyle/pp65 were maintained in culture without cytokine supplement. Conventional IFNα_DC expressing pp65 (Con-IFN/pp65) were produced with monoytes similarly transduced with LV-pp65 and maintained in culture supplemented every third day with recombinant human GM-CSF and IFNα. Cells were cultured for up to three weeks to determine their differentiation status, viability and phenotype stability. We were able to recover comparable levels of Con-IFN/pp65 and Smyle/pp65 DC (45 vs. 35.6%, p>0.05) at day 7 of culture (FIG. 1B). Importantly, Smyle/pp65 showed 3-fold higher levels of recovery than Con-IFN already at day 14 of culture (35.4 vs. 14.2% p=0.021). Three weeks after DC culture, both Smyle/pp65 and Con-IFN/pp65 significantly lost viability, yet Smyle/pp65 showed higher levels compared to Con-IFN/pp65 (17 vs. 5%, p<0.05). We also evaluated the differentiation status of Smyle/pp65 and Con-IFN/5pp65 throughout the culture period. Co-expression of pp65 was confirmed by intracellular staining and flow cytometry analyses. Levels of CMV-pp65 expression were maintained higher in Smyle/pp65 than in Con-IFN/pp65 DC (55 vs. 21.2%, p=0.014) (FIG. 1C). On day 7 of culture, both Smyle/pp65 and Con-IFN/pp65 displayed typical DC differentiated phenotype, characterized by high expression levels of CD11c, CD86 and MHC-II (HLA-DR) (FIG. 1D). Both cell types presented comparable maturation status, as shown by CD80 and CD83 expression. Smyle/pp65 maintained a stable expression of immunophenotypic markers at longer culture periods of 14 and 21 days. Both Smyle/pp65 and Con-IFN/pp65 maintained in culture secreted several endogenously up-regulated cytokines, that accumulated in the culture supernatants and were detectable by cytokine array analyses: IFN-g, IL-10, IL-12, 1L-13, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α showed an overall enhanced activation of Con-IFN/pp65 (FIG. 2). Accumulated levels of IL-1β, 4, 6, 8, 12 were higher for Con-IFN/pp65 cultures, which implies that, although these cells were continuously exposed to high levels of several cytokines, their functionality in terms of maintaining expression of relevant immunophenotypic markers was reduced.
Smyle/Pp65 Supports Recovery of Lymphocyte Compartment after Human HSC Transplantation
In order to evaluate the potential of Smyle/pp65 to induce immune-reconstitution in a HSC transplantation setting, we first established a humanized immune system model of (HIS) by transferring human CD34⁺ cells into four-week old, sub-lethally irradiated NOD.Rag1^(−/−) (NRG) mice. We detected CD3⁺ human T cells in peripheral blood already at six weeks post HSCT (0.35%), reaching average frequencies of 8.6% twenty weeks after CD34⁺ HSC transfer (data not shown). Human CD19⁺ B cells predominated within detectable human CD45⁺ cells, with levels ranging from 84% (week 6) up to 77% (week 20) (data not shown). 20 weeks after HSC reconstitution of HIS-NRG, human CD45⁺ cells corresponded to 3.9% of total splenocytes and CD19⁺ B cells represented to the majority of the human cell content (84%). Human CD3⁺ T lymphocytes corresponded to 7.8% of human CD45-expressing cells and contained CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ at a ratio of 1:1 (data not shown).
We next assessed whether immunization with Smyle/pp65 improved immune reconstitution in HIS-NRG mice. We followed a prime/boost immunization scheme consisting in one injection of DC in week 10 after HSCT followed by a boost injection one week later. Immunizations were performed by subcutaneous injections of Smyle/pp65 harvested immediately after LV-transduction or 7 days-cultured Con-IFN/pp65. DC cell suspensions (5×10⁵) were injected into the right flank, as previously described (Salguero, G. et al., 2011, “Preconditioning therapy with lentiviral vector-programmed dendritic cells accelerates the homeostatic expansion of antigen-reactive human T cells in NOD.Rag1−/−.IL-2rgammac−/− mice” Hum Gene Ther 22: 1209-1224). Non-immunized mice served as controls (FIG. 3A). We first evaluated the effect of DC injections on the reconstitution of the human CD45⁺ cells in peripheral blood. Frequencies of human CD45⁺ were similar in all groups before immunization at week 10. One week after prime/boost immunization, mice immunized with Smyle/pp65 showed significantly enhanced levels of human CD45⁺ cells as compared with non-immunized controls (1.7% vs. 0.64%, p=0.01). CD45⁺ cell frequencies were not significantly higher in Con-IFN/pp65-immunized mice (1.6% compared to controls, p=0.09). Importantly, significant enhanced levels of CD45⁺ were maintained 8 weeks after Smyle/pp65 immunization compared with mouse controls (1.9% vs. 0.2%, p=0.03). Mice vaccinated with Con-IFN/pp65 also showed higher but no significant levels of CD45⁺ cells in blood (1.3% vs, 0.2%, p=0.08). We next analyzed the T cell compartment after DC immunization. Smyle/pp65 immunization led to early significant increase of CD3⁺ frequency in peripheral blood compared to control mice (0.16% vs. 0.03%, p<0.04) and supported long term engraftment of human T cells compared with controls (1.8% vs. 0.03%, p=0.04) 20 weeks after HSCT. (FIG. 3B). Remarkably, Con-IFN/pp65-immunization did not induce neither early, nor long term increased levels of human CD3⁺ T cells in HIS-NRG mice (0.15%, p=0.26+1 week; 0.37%, p=0.31+8 weeks after DC injection, compared to controls). Analysis of the relative frequency of human T lymphocytes among CD45⁺ cells 8 week after DC immunization, showed significant enhanced frequency of CD3⁺ compartment in Smyle/pp65 immunized mice compared to controls (59.7% vs. 8.6%, p=0.0001) and Con-IFN/pp65 (59.7% vs. 21.7%, p=0.001) and confirmed that long term engraftment of human CD45⁺ cells was determined by expansion of the human T cell compartment in these mice.
We further analyzed the cell content of spleens from vaccinated and control mice 20 week after HSC reconstitution (FIG. 4). Smyle/pp65 immunized mice showed significantly higher engraftment levels of human CD45⁺ compared to non-immunized (19.1% vs. 3.1%, p=0.007) and Con-IFN/pp65-immunized (19.1% vs. 5.9%, p=0.01) mice. Accordingly, higher frequencies of human CD3⁺ cells were observed in Smyle/pp65 immunized mice as compared to control mice (10.1% vs. 0.31%, p=0.007), corresponding to 40.8% of total human CD45⁺ cells (FIG. 4A). Con-IFN/pp65 immunization failed to enhance the frequency of CD3⁺ cells (0.17%, p=0.5 vs. control), corresponding to only 3.9% of CD45⁺ cells in spleen. Distribution of lymphocyte subsets within CD3⁺ T cells were further analyzed in reconstituted NRG mice spleens (FIG. 4B). Although we did not observe significant differences among CD3⁺/CD8⁺ cells in the three groups (control, 51%; Con-IFN/pp65 40.9%; Smyle/pp65 44.2%, p>0.05), we found significant reduced levels of CD8⁺/CD45RA⁺/CD62L⁺ naïve cells in Smyle/pp65-immunized splenocytes, compared to non-immunized controls (12.3% vs. 37.49%, p=0.03). Conversely, frequencies of CD8⁺/CD45RA⁻CD62L⁻ effector memory T cells in Smyle/pp65 were significantly higher than control NRG mice (38.5% vs. 19.5%, p=0.04). Similar but not significant distribution of CD8⁺ T cells subsets was found in mice injected with Con-IFN/pp65 DCs for Naïve (14.5%) and effector memory (24.7%) populations. Analysis of CD3⁺/CD4⁺ frequencies did not show statistical differences among mouse groups for total CD4⁺ T cells (control, 44.7%; Con-IFN/pp65 34.7%; Smyle/pp65 50%, p>0.05). Nevertheless, reduction in Naïve and increase in effector memory T cells due to Con-IFN/pp65 and Smyle/pp65 immunizations compared to controls were also seen but were not significant. Taken these data together, human Smyle/pp65 immunization after HSCT promoted a rapid and sustained reconstitution of the T cell compartment and significantly favoured the expansion of CD8⁺ T—and in less extent CD4⁺, with a predominantly effector memory phenotype.
Smyle/Pp65 Immunization Induces Reconstitution of Peripheral Lymph Nodes.
We next analyzed mice injected with Smyle/pp65 or Con-IFN/pp65 DCs for the presence of lymph nodes (LN) 20 weeks after HSC reconstitution. We detected a high frequency of LN formation in mice injected with Smyle/pp65 (65%), whereas control mice or mice injected with Con-IFN/pp65 showed low occurrence of LN structures (11% and 28%, respectively) (FIG. 5A). Quantification of the frequency of LN in different regions of be animal body revealed a strong correlation between the DC injection site and the formation of LN at the corresponding draining site (FIG. 5B). Inguinal (57%), iliac (35%) and axillary (56%) LNs were observed in mice immunized with Smyle/pp65, compared to complete absence of LN in control mice at the same side. Importantly, Con-IFN/pp65 injection did not induce iliac LN formation and only induced formation of inguinal and axillary LN in 14% and 28% mice, respectively.
We next performed immunohistological analyses of LN obtained from Smyle/pp65-imunized NRG mice. LN architecture in LN from reconstituted NRG showed lack of B cell follicles compared to normal wild type LNs obtained from wild type C57BL/6 (FIG. 6). Humanized LN were predominantly populated by human CD3⁺ T cells and we also observed the presence of human DC (CD11c+). LN were encapsulated by a layer of cells positive for mouse lymphatic vascular cell (LYVE-1) and mouse endothelial vascular CD31 marker. Importantly, we also observed the presence of structures resembling high endothelial venules (HEV) that were positive for mouse CD31, suggesting a rudimentary vascular organization process within the forming LN.
We next evaluated whether injected Smyle/pp65 DC were able to migrate to the reconstituted LN formed in HIS-NRG mice. Smyle/pp65 were co-transduced with a LV expressing firefly luciferase (LV-fLUC), such that they could produce bioluminescence upon exposure to Luciferin. Smyle/pp65-fLUC were injected into the hind limb of HSC-NRG mice 6 weeks after immunization at the right side, where LNs were more frequently found (FIG. 7). As a control for DC migration, we injected fLUC-Smyle/pp65 in the contralateral flank. Engraftment and migration of fLUC-Smyle/pp65 was followed weekly by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. We found accumulation of bioluminescence signal at the LN position in the injection side on day 21 after DC injection as compared to the same location in the contralateral flank. Furthermore, when mice were euthanized and LN were exposed, Smyle/pp65 luminescence was located in the formed inguinal LN, the ipsilateral axillary LN but not intraabdominal LN such as mesenteric (FIG. 7). This data indicates that Smyle/pp65 DC are able to migrate to sites were regional draining LN Anlage are located, and trigger LN formation.
Smyle/Pp65 Induces Specific Immune Responses in HIS-NRG Mice
We have previously demonstrated that Smyle/pp65 stimulates anti-pp65 specific responses in a peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mouse model (Daenthanasanmak, A. et al., 2012, “Integrase-defective lentiviral vectors encoding cytokines induce differentiation of human dendritic cells and stimulate multivalent immune responses in vitro and in vivo.” Vaccine 30: 5118-5131). Here we evaluate whether Smyle/pp65 immunization reconstituted NRG mice could stimulate specific T cell responses against CMV-pp65. Since we observed a significant effect of Smyle/pp65 in LN formation, we first wanted to test if these findings correlated with enhanced antigen specific reactivity against CMV-pp65 in local LN. We first evaluated the cell content of reconstituted LN after Smyle/pp65 immunization by flow cytometry. The majority of LN cells were human CD45⁺ (77%), with 73% corresponding to CD3⁺ T lymphocytes and 3.8% corresponding to CD19⁺ B cells (FIG. 8A). Among human CD3⁺ cells we found that 42% were CD4⁺ and 56% were CD8⁺ 56%, with a predominance of effector memory phenotype for both T cell subsets (80% and 76% respectively) (FIG. 8B). In order to measure CMV-pp65 specific responses, LN cells were isolated 8 weeks after immunization and ex-vivo expanded in the presence of Smyle/pp65 DC for 7 days. SmyleDC not expressing the CMV-pp65 antigen served as controls (FIG. 8C). After DC co-culture, cells were collected and seeded in IFN-γ-coated plates, re-stimulated with CMV-pp65 overlapping pool peptide and analyzed by ELISPOT for IFN-γ production. PBMNC from CMV-reactive healthy donor were used as positive control for IFN-γ production. Remarkably, LN cells showed significant reactivity against CMV-pp65 after ex-vivo expansion as compared with LN cells in the presence of Smyle DC with out antigen (53 vs. 18.7 spots, p<0.021, n=5 mouse donors) (FIG. 8C). In addition, we evaluated systemic specific immune responses against CMV, by recovering human CD3⁺ T cells from spleens of control, Smyle/pp65 and Con-IFN/pp65-immunized NRG mice (FIG. 8D). We first promoted T cell proliferation, by incubation for 48 h with human anti-CD2, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 beads in the presence of human recombinant IL-7 and IL-15 followed by co-culture with Smyle/pp65 DC for additional 7 days in the presence of IL7/IL15. Cells co-cultured with Smyle DC lacking the expression of CMV-pp65 served as controls. T cells recovered from spleens of HSC-NRG mice immunized with Smyle/pp65 and further expanded with Smyle/pp65 showed significant increased of averaged of positive spots compared to controls (33.6 spots vs. Immunoglobulin Production in HSC-NRG Mice
We characterized the B lymphocyte compartment in reconstituted NRG mice DC after immunization. Frequency of CD19⁺ B lymphocytes (this is a relatively early B cell population) was not significantly different among all groups previous immunization (1.6%, 4.5% and 2% for control, Con-IFN/pp65 and Smyle/pp65 respectively) (FIG. 9A). One week after second DC immunization overall levels of CD19⁺ B cells were decreased, however Smyle/pp65-injected NRG mice showed higher frequencies of B cells as compared with control and Con-IFN/pp65-injected mice (1.1% vs. 0.4% and 0.9% respectively, p=0.02). By week eight post immunization, overall frequencies of B cell were below 1% in all groups (control 0.18%; Con-IFN/pp65 0.1%; Smyle/pp65 0.37%). We were also able to recover B cells in spleens eight weeks post-immunization and observed non-significant differences of human CD19⁺ cells among controls (2.5%), Con-IFN/pp65 (5.1%) and Smyle/pp65-immunized (7.8%) NRG mice. In order to evaluate the functionality of human B cells in reconstituted mice, we further measured immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M concentration in plasma from NRG mice eight weeks after DC immunization. Remarkably, we found significantly higher levels of IgG in Smyle/pp65-injected mice (59.6 μg/mL) compared with almost undetectable levels in control (0.78 μg/mL) and Con-IFN/pp65-immunized (0.047 μg/mL) mice. Similarly, IgM concentration was higher in plasma from Smyle/pp65-injected mice (26.6%) compared to control and Con-IFN/pp65 (0.15 and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively).
Discussion
DC are pivotal for “organizing” the development of LN, which are the most effective site for stimulation of adaptive T and B cell immune responses. Using a modality of iDC (IDLV-SmyleDC/pp65) described above, we evaluated the effects of DC vaccination in an immunodeficient mouse strain transplanted with human HSC. Lymphopenic mouse models making use of transplanted human hematopoieitic stem cell precursors/stem cells (such as CD34⁺ cells) have been developed worldwide in order to reconstitute the human immune system in mice (Lepus C M et al. “Comparison of Human Fetal Liver, Umbilical Cord Blood, and Adult Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment in NOD-scid/γc−/−, Balb/c-Rag1^(−/−)γc^(−/−), and C.B-17-scid/bg Immunodeficient Mice”. Human immunology. October 2009; 70(10):790-802). These models have been explored to follow several steps of hematologic reconstitution such as HSC engraftment in bone marrow niches, mobilization, self-renewal, differentiation in several lineages. Long-term (16-20 weeks) follow-up of these mice after HSCT showed a generally impaired CD8⁺ T cell maintenance (Andre M C et al. “Long-term human CD34+ stem cell-engrafted nonobese diabetic/SCID/IL-2R gamma(null) mice show impaired CD8+ T cell maintenance and a functional arrest of immature NK cells”. J Immunol. Sep. 1 2010; 185(5):2710-2720). Mice transplanted with human HSC did not develop regenerated LN containing viable and functional T cells. Lymph nodes are the specialized tissues where the drained lymph is “filtered” for immune surveillance of pathogenic conditions (such as infections, cancer). Due to its specialized architecture, lymph nodes allow optimization of antigen presentation to T cells for priming and amplification of adaptive immune responses. Demonstration of antigen-specific CTL responses generated from LN in humanized mice have not been described with the previously available approaches such as exploring transgenic expression of human cytokines that are critical for adaptive immune responses (for example IL-7, IL-15, GMCSF) or by transgenic approaches of single human MHC class I or II molecules. On the other hand, the iDC immunization approach described here brings together into the immune deficient host a highly viable human professional antigen presenting cell perfectly matched with all the MHC molecules expressed by human stem cell graft that expresses a combination of several human cytokines and a highly immunogenic antigen (known to stimulate several different MHC-restricted immune responses). Moreover, the ability of the iDC to promote regeneration of lymph nodes concomitantly with stimulation of adaptive T and B cell immune responses in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human HSC indicates that iDC have properties that support a general regeneration of a functional immune system from transplanted human HSC. Thus, iDC may be used in human patients who were transplanted with HSC in order to accelerate the development of a fully functional immune system, thus decreasing the susceptibility to infectious diseases or relapse of the malignancy after HSC transplantation.
Example 2 (Based on Example 1 but Comprising Additional Data and Partially Expanded Analysis of the Results) Material and Methods Lentiviral Vector Construction and Integrase-Defective Lentivirus Production
The self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral backbone vector and the monocistronic vectors expressing the CMV-pp65 were previously described (Sato, Caux et al. 1993; Salguero, Sundarasetty et al. 2011). Construction of the bicistronic lentiviral vector expressing the human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (huGM-CSF) and of the human interferon alpha (huIFN-α) (LV-G2α) interspaced with a P2A element (RRL-cPPT-CMV-hGMCSF-P2A-hIL4) was constructed and extensively characterized as previously described (Daenthanasanmak, Salguero et al. 2012). The structural integrity of all constructs was reconfirmed by restriction digestion and sequencing analysis of the promoters and transgenes. Large scale lentivirus production was performed by transient co-transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells as formerly described (Stripecke 2009). To generate integrase-defective lentivirus, four packaging plasmids were used in the co-transfection: the plasmid containing the lentiviral vector expressing the cytokines, the plasmid expressing gag/pol containing a D64V point mutation in the integrase gene (pcDNA3g/pD64V.4×CTE), the plasmid expressing rev (pRSV-REV) and the plasmid encoding the VSV-G envelope (pMD.G). Virus supernatants were collected and concentrated by ultracentrifugation and the titers were evaluated by assessing p24 antigen concentration with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) (Cell Biolabs, Inc. San Diego, USA). One μg of p24 equivalent/ml corresponds to approximately 1×10⁷ infective viral particles/ml.
Human CD34 Positive Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Isolation
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from leukapheresis of hematopoietic adult stem cell transplantation adult donors subjected to haematopoietic stem cell mobilization regimen with G-CSF (Granocyte, Chugai Pharma). All studies were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Hannover Medical School Ethics Review Board. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) CD34⁺ cells were positively selected by MACS using a CD34 magnetic cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany). After two rounds of positive magnetic selection, cell purity obtained was above 99% with a contamination of CD3⁺ T cells below 0.2%, as evaluated by flow cytometry.
Generation of Human Conventional and SmyleDCs,
The autologous CD34 negative PBMC fraction was used for further positive selection of CD14⁺ monocytes using CD14 isolation beads (Miltenyi Biotech). For lentiviral gene transfer, monocytes were kept in culture with serum-free Cellgro medium in the presence of recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-4 (50 ng/ml each, Cellgenix, Freiburg, Germany) for 8 h prior to transduction. For generation of SmyleDC, 5×10⁶ CD14⁺ monocytes were transduced with 2.5 μg/mL p24 equivalent (multiplicity of infection, M.O.I. of 5) of both ID-LV-G2α and ID-LV-pp65 in the presence of 5 μg/ml protamine sulfate (Valeant, Dusseldorf, Germany). After 16 h transduction, SmyleDC were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and further maintained in culture with serum-free Cellgro medium. For production of conventional (Cony) DC, monocytes were incubated with ID-LV-pp65 as described above. Following 16 h transduction, LV was removed and cells were further maintained in culture for 7 days in the presence of recombinant human GM-CSF (50 ng/ml), and IFN-α (1000 U/ml, PBL InterferonSource, New Jersey, USA). Cytokines were replenished every 3 days. For mouse immunizations, SmyleDC directly after transduction or ConvDC at day 7 of culture were resuspended in PBS and used for mice injection. Viability, DC immunophenotype and cytokine release were assessed in Smyle or ConvDCs after 7, 14 and 21 days of culture. The number of viable counts was determined by trypan blue exclusion.
Mouse Transplantation with Human HSC
NOD.Cg-Rag1^(tmlMom)Il2rg^(tmlWjl) (NOD;Rag1^(−/−);IL-2rγ^(−/−), NRG) mice were bred and maintained under pathogen free conditions in an IVC system (BioZone, United Kingdom). All procedures involving mice were reviewed and approved by the Lower Saxony and followed the guidelines provided by the Animal Facility at Hannover Medical School. For HSC transplantation, 4-week old mice were sublethally irradiated (450 cGy) using a ¹³⁷Cs column irradiator (Gammacell 3000 Elan, Canada). Mouse recipients were intravenously injected with 5×10⁵ human CD34⁺ cells into the tail vein. Mice were bled at different time points (6, 10 and 13) after human HSC transplantation to monitor the status of human hematopoietic cell engraftment and were sacrificed at week 20 for final analyses. DC injections were performed at 10 weeks after HSC transplantation followed by a boost on the week 11. Briefly, Smyle or ConvDC were collected from culture plates, resuspended at a concentration of 5×10⁵ cells in 100 μL of PBS and subcutaneously injected into the mouse right hind limb using a 27-gauge needle.
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FIG. 9 is a block flow diagram which illustrates a typical program orlogic function which is executed by the controller 111 for operating thelaser printer 50 and plate printer 19, 21. The basic control program 141consist of commands to "start and initialize" 142, "read memory" 143 and"transfer control" 144 to the laser printer sub-routine 145 or plateprinter sub-routine 146. The laser printer sub-routine 145 consist ofcommands to "interpret memory" 147 (i.e., determine the number of pagesin a job and the images to be printed on the pages) and "print form" 148(i.e., print the job on pages of the web 20 moving through the laserprinter). Command 148 is followed by "return to control program" 149.The laser printer sub-routine 145 is repeated as indicated by the"repeat to last memory step" 154 of the control program 141.
The plate printer sub-routine 146 consists of commands to "interpretmemory" 151 (i.e., determine the page on which the logo is to be printedand determine whether the page is in position in the plate printer) and"print logo" 152 in the selected area on the designated page. Command152 is followed by "return to control program" 153. The plate printersub-routine 146 is repeated as indicated by the "repeat to last memorystep" 154 of the control program 141 followed by an "end" programcommand 155 which completes the execution of the program.
In use, a web 20 is fed into the laser printer 50 and job definitioninformation is provided controller 111 by computer 60. The controller111 generates printing format signals 119 which direct printer 50 toimprint the job on the number of pages required to complete the job. Thecontroller 111 also generates printing format signals 118 to the platepropulsion system of plate printer 19, 21 which enables the plateprinter to determine which selected page(s) of the job must be imprintedby plate 53 and when the page(s) is in the proper position in plateprinter 19, 21 to be imprinted by plate 53. When a selected page alongweb 20 is in position in plate printer 19, 21, plate 53 is displacedagainst the page (or vice versa) to imprint on the page the imageengraved or formed in plate 53. In addition to imprinting a page byapply ink to the page, plate 53 is deemed to imprint a page when plate53 embosses the page.
As earlier noted, each roller 19, 19A and 19B is presently sized suchthat its associated plate 53, 53A, 53B moves through one revolution withthe roller each time a page passes intermediate the roller and itsopposing roller 21, 21A, 21B. If desired, each roller 19, 19A, 19B canbe sized to make two or more revolutions each time a page passes beneaththe roller or can be sized to make only a partial revolution each time apage passes beneath the roller.
In FIG. 1, plate imprinter 19, 21 is on-line with laser printer 50.Imprinter 19, 21 is on-line with printer 50 because web 20simultaneously moves through the plate printer 19, 21 and printer 50.Web 20 is deemed to simultaneously move through plate printer 19, 21 andprinter 50 because portions of continuous web 20 normally move throughplate printer 19, 21 at the same time that portions of continuous web 20are moving through printer 50.
One problem encountered in utilizing the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1is insuring that an "impression" roller 21 is upwardly displaced in thedirection of arrow E at the proper time to press the web 20 against aplate 53 on a "plate" roller 19. If the upward displacement of roller 21is tardy, then plate 53 applies ink to a location on a sheet or page inweb 20 which is below or lower than the desired location. If roller 21is upwardly displaced too soon, then ink can be applied to a location ona sheet or page which precedes the desired location. Properly timing theupward displacement of roller 21 becomes more difficult as the speed atwhich the web 20 is moving increases. The apparatus illustrated in FIGS.9 to 12 permits a roller 21 to be upwardly displaced against a plateroller at a desired instant in time so that the image on the plate 53 isimprinted on web 20 at the desired location.
In FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, roller 19 is fixedly mounted on shaft 174. Theend of shaft 174 extending from one end of roller 19 is journalled forrotation in side wall 160. The other end of shaft 174 (not visible inFIGS. 9, 10, and 11) extending from the other end of roller 19 isjournalled for rotation in a second side wall (not visible in FIGS. 9,10, and 11) which is parallel to and spaced apart from wall 160. Thesecond side wall is spaced apart from wall 160 a distance which isapproximately equal to the length of rollers 19 and 21. Circular cammember 175 is also journalled for rotation in bushing 180 in wall 160.Roller 21 is fixedly mounted on shaft 176. The end of shaft 176extending from one end of roller 21 is rotatably received by cam member175. The other end of shaft 176 (not visible in FIGS. 9, 10, and 11)extending from the other end of roller 21 is rotatably received by a cammember 175A journalled for rotation in said second side wall. Cammembers 175 and 175A are of equal shape and dimension and areinterconnected by at least one elongate shaft 191 so that when cammember 175 rotates, cam member 175A rotates simultaneously with member175 and in the same direction as member 175. Gear 177 is fixedlyattached to member 175. Cylindrical gear 178 is fixedly mounted on shaft167. Shaft 167 extends from member 166 through gear 178, through wall160, and to and into said second side wall referred to above. Shaft 167is journalled for rotation in bushing 179 of wall 160 and is journalledfor rotation in the second side wall.
Cam member 169 is fixedly attached to and rotates in the direction ofarrow W with the end of shaft 174 extending outwardly from wall 160.Member 169 includes circular surface 171 and semi-circular lip or edge170 extending outwardly from surface 171. Edge 170 includes at least oneopening 190. Fork member 166 includes U-shaped groove 168 formedtherein. Member 166 is fixedly attached to and rotates with shaft 167.Roller 165 is received by groove 168 and is attached to rectangularplate 163. Roller 172 is also attached to plate 163.
Plate 163 is pivotally attached to shaft 164. Shaft 164 is fixedlyattached to wall 160. End 162 of pneumatic piston 161 is pivotallyattached to plate 163 by pin 173. Piston 161 is operated in well knownfashion to displace shaft 181 and end 162 in the directions indicated byarrows G and K with respect to housing 182 of piston 161. A controlsystem (not shown) is provided which operates pneumatic piston 161 todisplace shaft 181 in the direction of arrows G and K in response tosignals 118 received from a controller 111 (FIG. 6). The lower end ofhousing 182 is pivotally attached to wall 160 by pin 183. Piston 161 canbe operated using hydraulic fluid or any other means.
Pneumatic piston 161, plate 163, rollers 165 and 172, member 166, cammember 169, shaft 167, shaft 164, gears 177 and 178, cam members 175 and175A all comprise one embodiment of the plate propulsion system 110earlier referred to in connection with FIG. 7.
In use of the apparatus in FIGS. 9 to 12, roller 21 is normally spacedapart from roller 19 such that web 20 passing intermediate the rollers(FIG. 2) is not pressed against plate 53 and imprinted. When roller 21is spaced apart from roller 19, roller 172 remains in the position shownin FIG. 12A and there is no upward pressure, like the upward pressureindicated by arrow U in FIG. 12A, exerted against roller 172 bypneumatic piston 161. When the pneumatic piston 161 control systemreceives a printing format signal 118, piston 161 is pneumaticallyoperated to force shaft 181 in the direction of arrow G and displaceplate 163 and roller 172 in the direction of arrow U in FIG. 12A. Asearlier described, controller 111 and the piston 161 control systemdetermine and know when a particular location on the web 20 will passintermediate rollers 19 and 21. Consequently, signal 118 is used toactivate the piston 161 at the time necessary to cause plate 53 toimprint web 20 at said desired location.
When a force is generated on roller 172 in the direction of arrow U,roller 172 is pressed against the outside of lip 170 in the mannerillustrated in FIG. 12A until opening 190 passes in front of roller 172.As soon as opening 190 passes in front of roller 172, piston 161 pressesroller 172 through opening 190 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 12B.When roller 172 passes through opening 190 in the direction of arrow U,plate 163 is displaced in the direction of arrow U. When plate 163 movesin the direction of arrow U, plate 163 pivots about pin 164 in thedirection indicated by arrow H in FIG. 9. When plate 163 pivots in thedirection of arrow H, roller 165 moves in the direction of arrow I,contacts U-shaped opening 168, and causes fork member 166 and shaft 167to pivot in the direction indicated by arrow J in FIG. 9. When member166 pivots in the direction of arrow J, shaft 167 and gear 178simultaneously rotate in the direction of arrow P. When gear 178 rotatesin the direction of arrow P, it engages and causes gear 177 to rotate inthe direction of arrow R. Since gear 177 is attached to cam member 175,member 175 simultaneously rotates with gear 177 in the direction ofarrow R. The end of shaft 176 carried in cylindrical member 175 isrotatably housed in a cylindrical opening 190 offset from the centerpoint of member 175. In other words, the inner cylindrical surface ofopening 190 is not concentric with the outer cylindrical surface ofmember 175. The eccentric mounting of the end of shaft 176 in member 175allows shaft 176, and roller 21, to be upwardly displaced toward roller19 to press the web against plate 55.
Returning to FIG. 12C, after roller 172 is displaced through openings190 in the manner shown in FIG. 12B, the piston 161 is operated to pullshaft 181 in the direction of arrow K. This generates a force on roller172 in the direction of arrow V and presses roller 172 against the innercylindrical surface of lip 170 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 9,12C, and 10. Roller 172 continues to press against the inner surface oflip 170 until mouth 190 returns to the position shown in FIG. 12B, atwhich time piston pulls roller 172 through mouth in the direction ofarrow V to the position shown in FIG. 12A. When roller 172 passes thoughmouth 190 in the direction of arrow V, shaft 181 moves in the directionof arrow K, plate 163 pivots about pin 164 in the direction of arrow N,roller 165 moves in the direction of arrow M and displaces member 166 inthe direction of arrow L, shaft 167 and gear 178 rotate in a directionopposite that indicated by arrow P, and gear 178 causes gear 177 andmember to rotate in a direction opposite that of arrow R. When member175 rotates in a direction opposite that of arrow R in FIG. 11, shaft176 and roller 21 are displaced downwardly away from roller 19 such thatweb passing intermediate rollers 19 and 21 is not pressed against plate55 on roller 19.
The mechanical system of FIGS. 9 to 12 enables roller 21 to berepeatedly pressed against and displaced away from plate 55 with a highdegree of accuracy. When web 20 is moving between rollers 19 and 21 atspeeds in the range of about 150 to 200 feet per minute, the system ofFIGS. 9 to 12 can imprint the image produced by plate 55 at a desiredlocation on the web 20 to within a tolerance of about one-eighth of aninch or better. In FIGS. 11 and 12, roller 19 normally continuouslyrotates in the direction of arrow W at a selected speed. Roller 21continuously rotates in the direction of arrow Z at a selected speed.Rollers 19 and 21 are driven rollers. Shaft 167 is not driven and onlyturns when member 166 is displaced by roller 165.
In FIGS. 9 to 12, the roller 21 is displaced against roller 19. As wouldbe appreciated by those of skill in the art, the mechanical system ofFIGS. 9 to 12 could be designed to instead displace roller 19 againstroller 21.
An alternate embodiment of the mechanical system of FIGS. 9 to 12 isillustrated in the exploded assembly view of FIG. 13. Although in FIG.13 roller 21 is illustrated as having a smaller diameter than roller 19,in the embodiment of the system shown in FIG. 13, roller 21 preferablyhas a diameter equal to the diameter of roller 19. In FIG. 13 roller 19is fixedly mounted on and simultaneously rotates with shaft 174A. Theends of shaft 174A extending outwardly from the ends of roller 19 arejournalled in a side wall 160 and in a second side wall parallel to andspaced apart from wall 160. Roller 21 is fixedly mounted on andsimultaneously rotates with shaft 176A. Member 175 is journalled forrotation in wall 160. Member 175A is journalled for rotation in thesecond side wall which is parallel to and spaced apart from wall 160.Members 175 and 175A are interconnected by shaft 191. Fork member 166Ais fixedly attached to and simultaneously pivots with member 175. Cammember 169 is fixedly attached to and continuously rotates with shaft176A. Cylindrical cam 192 is mounted on and simultaneously turns withcylindrical shaft 167A. Shaft 167A is not a driven shaft and only turnswhen plate 163A is displaced. Shafts 174A and 176A are driven shaftswhich continuously rotate. Shaft 167A passes through cylindricalaperture 198 in cam 192. Aperture 198 is eccentric to the outercylindrical surface of cam 192. In other words, the center ofcylindrical aperture 198 and the longitudinal axis of shaft 167A eachare offset from the center of cam 192, in the same manner that thelongitudinal axis of shaft 176 is offset from the center of cylindricalmember 175 in FIG. 11. Roller 172 is rotatably mounted on pin 195. Pin195 is fixedly secured in aperture 194 of rectangular plate 163A. Plate163A is fixedly secured to the end of shaft 167A received by aperture193. Pin 173 pivotally secures the upper end 162 of a piston 161 (notshown in FIG. 13) to plate 163A.
Operation of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 13 is similar tooperation of the apparatus depicted in FIGS. 9 to 12. In FIG. 13, roller172 is normally outside of lip 170 in a position similar to that shownin FIG. 12A and roller 21 is normally spaced apart from roller 19 suchthat web 20 passing intermediate the rollers (FIG. 2) is not pressedagainst plate 53 and imprinted. When roller 21 is spaced apart fromroller 19, roller 172 remains in the position shown in FIG. 12A andthere is no upward pressure, like the upward pressure indicated by arrowU in FIG. 12A, exerted against roller 172 by pneumatic piston 161. Whenthe pneumatic piston 161 control system receives a printing formatsignal 118, piston 161 is pneumatically operated to force shaft 181 inthe direction of arrow G and to generate a force against pin 173 andplate 163 in the direction of arrow P1 in FIG. 13 and to generate aforce against roller 172 in the direction of arrow U in FIG. 12A. When aforce U is generated on roller 172, roller 172 is pressed against theoutside of lip 170 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 12A until opening190 passes by roller 172. As soon as opening 190 passes by roller 172,piston 161 presses roller 172 through opening 190 in the mannerillustrated in FIG. 12B. When roller 172 passes through opening 190 inthe direction of arrow U, plate 163A is displaced in the direction ofarrow P1. When plate 163A moves in the direction of arrow P1, plate 163Apivots shaft 167A and cam 192 in the direction indicated by arrow P2 inFIG. 13. The diameter of cylindrical cam 192 equals the shortestdistance between fingers 200 and 201 of member 166A. The outercylindrical surface of cam 192 is normally positioned between andcontinuously contacts points on fingers 200 and 201. As a result, whenshaft 167A and cam 192 simultaneously rotate in the direction of arrowP2, member 166A is displaced by eccentric cam 192 and rotates in thedirection of arrow P3. When member 166A rotates in the direction ofarrow P3, member 175 simultaneously turns in the direction of arrow P4.The end of shaft 176A carried in cylindrical member 175 is rotatablyhoused in a cylindrical opening 190A offset from the center point ofmember 175. Returning to FIG. 12C, after roller 172 is displaced through openings190 in the manner shown in FIG. 12B, the piston 161 is operated to pullshaft 181 in the direction of arrow K. This generates a force on roller172 in the direction of arrow V and presses roller 172 against the innercylindrical surface of lip 170. Roller 172 continues to press againstthe inner surface of lip 170 until mouth 190 returns to the positionshown in FIG. 12B, at which time piston pulls roller 172 through mouthin the direction of arrow V to the position shown in FIG. 12A. Whenroller 172 passes though mouth 190 in the direction of arrow V, cam 192rotates in a direction opposite that of the direction indicated by arrowP3 and shaft 176 and roller 21 are displaced downwardly away from roller19 such that web passing intermediate rollers 19 and 21 is not pressedagainst plate 55 on roller 19.
Having described my invention in such terms as to enable those skilledin the art to understand and practice it, and having identified thepresently preferred embodiments thereof,
I claim:
1. Plate printing apparatus for printing images on a webpassing through said apparatus and comprising a plurality of pagesattached end-to-end, said apparatus including(a) frame means; (b) areservoir of ink mounted on said frame means; (c) an imprint rollerrotatably mounted on said frame means and including at least one platemeans for imprinting an image on the web, said imprint roller and saidplate means normally being spaced apart from the web; (d) control meansfor receiving instructions defining where on the web said image is to beimprinted and for generating printing format signals specifying at leastone selected location on the web at which said image is to be imprinted;(e) means mounted on said frame means for transferring ink from saidreservoir to said plate means on said imprint roller; (f) an impressionroller rotatably mounted on said frame means for intermittently pressingthe web passing intermediate said imprint roller and impression rolleragainst said plate means, said impression roller normally being spacedapart from said imprint roller; (g) activation means mounted on saidframe means and responsive to said printing format signals to displaceat least one of the roller pair comprisingsaid imprint roller, and saidimpression roller, to press said web against said plate means andimprint said image on the web at said selected location, said activationmeans including(i) rotatable eccentric means contacting said one of saidpair to displace said one of said pair when said eccentric meansrotates, and (ii) tracking means for rotating said eccentric means todisplace one of said pair with respect to the other of said pair, saidtracking means includinga rotating arcuate track (170) with at least oneopening (190) formed therethrough and including an outer trackingsurface and an inner tracking surface, a roller follower (172), andmeans for preloading said roller follower (172) to press against saidouter tracking surface such that when said arcuate track (178) rotatessufficiently for said opening (190) to reach said roller follower (172),said roller follower is immediately displaced through said opening toturn said rotatable eccentric means.
2. 3. Plate printing apparatus forprinting images on a web passing through said apparatus and comprising aplurality of pages attached end-to-end, said apparatus including(a)frame means; (b) a reservoir of ink mounted on said frame means; (c) animprint roller rotatably mounted on said frame means and including atleast one plate means for imprinting an image on the web, said imprintroller and said plate means normally being spaced apart from the web;(d) control means for receiving instructions defining where on the websaid image is to be imprinted and for generating printing format signalsspecifying at least one selected location on the web at which said imageis to be imprinted; (e) means mounted on said frame means fortransferring ink from said reservoir to said plate means on said imprintroller; (f) an impression roller rotatably mounted on said frame meansfor intermittently pressing the web passing intermediate said imprintroller and impression roller against said plate means, said impressionroller normally being spaced apart from said imprint roller; (g)activation means mounted on said frame means and responsive to saidprinting format signals to displace at least one of the roller paircomprisingsaid imprint roller, and said impression roller, to press saidweb against said plate means and imprint said image on the web at saidselected location, said activation means including(i) rotatableeccentric means contacting said one of said pair to displace said one ofsaid pair when said eccentric means rotates, and (ii) tracking means forrotating said eccentric means to displace one of said pair with respectto the other of said pair, said tracking means includinga rotatingarcuate track (170) at least partially circumscribing an inner area andincludingat least one opening (190) formed therethrough accessing saidinner area, an outer tracking surface, and an inner tracking surface, anarm (163A) pivotally mounted on said printing apparatus and operativelyassociated with said rotatable eccentric means, a roller follower (172)rotatably mounted on said arm (163A), said arm and follower beingmoveable between at least three operative positions,a first operativeposition with said roller follower contacting said outer trackingsurface of said track (170), a second operative position in said innerarea after said arm is pivoted and said roller follower is displacedfrom said first operative position through said opening into said innerarea, and a third operative position with said follower (172) contactingsaid inner tracking surface of said track (170) after said arm ispivoted and said roller follower is displaced from said second operativeposition toward said inner tracking surface, means for pressing saidroller follower (172) against said outer tracking surface when saidroller follower (178) is in said first operative position such that whensaid track (178) rotates sufficiently for said roller follower (172) toreach said opening (190) said roller follower is immediately displacedthrough said opening to said second operative position; and,means fordisplacing said roller follower (172) from said second to said thirdoperative position to press said follower (172) against said innertracking surface; said arm and roller follower (178) being operativelyassociated with said eccentric means such that the displacement of saidarm from said first to said second operative position causing saideccentric means to rotate to displace said one of said roller pair.
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Electronic Components
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US-94204410-A_1
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USPTO
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Public Domain
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Pixel with strained silicon layer for improving carrier mobility and blue response in imagers
ABSTRACT
An imager having a pixel cell having an associated strained silicon layer. The strained silicon layer increases charge transfer efficiency, decreases image lag, and improves blue response in imaging devices.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to image sensors, and more specifically to a pixel cell having an associated strained silicon layer and method of fabrication thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Imaging devices, including charge coupled devices (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors have commonly been used in photo-imaging applications.
Typically, a digital imager circuit includes a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of the cells including a photosensor, e.g. a photogate, a photoconductor, or a photodiode. A CMOS imager is one such digital imager circuit and includes a readout circuit connected to each pixel cell in the form of an output transistor. The photosensor converts photons to electrons which are typically transferred to a floating diffusion region, connected to the gate of a source follower output transistor. A charge transfer device can be included as well and may be a transistor for transferring charge from the photosensor to the floating diffusion region. Imager cells also typically have a transistor for resetting the floating diffusion region to a predetermined charge level prior to charge transference. The output of the source follower transistor is gated as an output signal by a row select transistor.
Exemplary CMOS imaging circuits, processing steps thereof, and detailed descriptions of the functions of various CMOS elements of an imaging circuit are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,630 to Rhodes, U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,868 to Rhodes, U.S. Pat. No. 6,310,366 to Rhodes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,652 to Rhodes, U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,524 to Rhodes, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,333,205 to Rhodes. The disclosures of each of the forgoing are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a CMOS imager device 308 having a pixel array 300 with each pixel cell being constructed as described above. Pixel array 300 comprises a plurality of pixels arranged in a predetermined number of columns and rows (not shown). The pixels of each row in array 300 are all turned on at the same time by a row select line, and the pixels of each column are selectively output by respective column select lines. A plurality of row and column lines is provided for the entire array 300. The row lines are selectively activated by a row driver 210 in response to a row address decoder 220. The column select lines are selectively activated by a column driver 260 in response to a column address decoder 270. Thus, a row and column address is provided for each pixel. The CMOS imager device 308 is operated by a timing and control circuit 250, which controls address decoders 220, 270 for selecting the appropriate row and column lines for pixel readout. The control circuit 250 also controls the row and column driver circuitry 210, 260 such that these apply driving voltages to the drive transistors of the selected row and column lines. The pixel column signals, which typically include a pixel reset signal (V_(rst)) and a pixel image signal (V_(sig)), are read by a sample and hold circuit 261 associated with the column device 260. A differential signal (V_(rst)-V_(sig)) is produced by differential amplifier 262 for each pixel that is amplified and digitized by analog to digital converter 275 (ADC). The analog-to-digital converter 275 supplies the digitized pixel signals to an image processor 280, which forms and outputs a digital image.
P-n-p photodiodes are a type of photosensor sometimes used in CMOS pixel cells. In a CMOS imager, when incident light strikes the surface of a photodiode, electron/hole pairs are generated in the p-n junction of the photodiode. The generated electrons are collected in the n-type region of the photodiode. Photo charge may be amplified when it moves from the initial charge accumulation region to the floating diffusion region or it may be transferred to the floating diffusion region via a transfer transistor. The charge at the floating diffusion region is typically converted to a pixel output voltage by the source follower transistor described above.
A portion of a CMOS pixel cell having a p-n-p photodiode 49 is illustrated in FIG. 2. A source follower transistor and row select transistor would be included in the 4-transistor (4-T) cell of FIG. 2, but are not shown in the depicted cross-section. A p+ region 21 is shown above an n-type region 23 to form the photodiode 49. Typically, the p+ region 21 is implanted to create a p-n junction. The illustrated pixel includes a transfer transistor with associated gate 26 and a reset transistor with associated gate 28, along with a floating diffusion region 16 and source/drain region 30. The illustrated pixel also includes shallow trench isolation (STI) regions 55.
Imagers having conventional pixel cells using p-n-p photodiodes often suffer from problems such as inefficient charge transfer and image lag due to potential barriers between the photodiode 49 and transfer gate 26 region. Fill factor loss is also a problem associated with conventional CMOS image sensors. Fill factor is a measure of the ratio of electrons produced per given light intensity. Fill factor loss may occur when higher concentrations of p-type dopants are used in the surface of a p-n-p photodiode and diffuse into n-type dopants, thereby compensating them and causing a reduction in fill factor.
Conventional pixel cells may also suffer from poor color fidelity, signal-to-noise ratios, and may not be able to operate over a wide range of lighting conditions. This is especially true with regards to blue response, i.e. the conversion of photons from blue wavelengths to an electrical charge. Because blue photons are absorbed closer to the surface and are, therefore, subject to surface defects and leakage, optimal color fidelity suffers as a result.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention provide an imager utilizing a pixel cell having an associated strained silicon layer. The strained silicon layer of the pixel cell increases charge transfer efficiency, decreases image lag, and improves blue response in the imaging device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above-described features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, which is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a CMOS imager chip having a pixel array;
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a conventional pixel cell;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pixel cell incorporating a strained silicon layer constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a strained silicon layer constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pixel cell precursor incorporating a strained silicon layer constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention
FIG. 6 illustrates a stage of processing of a pixel cell, performed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a further stage of processing of the FIG. 6 pixel cell;
FIG. 8 illustrates a further stage of processing of the FIG. 7 pixel cell;
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pixel cell incorporating a strained silicon layer constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a processor system incorporating an imaging device having a pixel cell constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and show by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and that structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The progression of processing steps described is exemplary of embodiments of the invention; however, the sequence of steps is not limited to that set forth herein and may be changed as is known in the art, with the exception of steps necessarily occurring in a certain order.
The terms “semiconductor substrate” and “substrate” are to be understood to include any semiconductor-based structure. The semiconductor structure should be understood to include silicon, silicon-on-insulator (SOI), silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial layers of silicon supported by a base semiconductor foundation, and other semiconductor structures. The semiconductor need not be silicon-based. The semiconductor could be silicon-germanium, germanium, or gallium arsenide. When reference is made to the substrate in the following description, previous process steps may have been utilized to form regions or junctions in or over the base semiconductor or foundation.
The term “pixel,” as used herein, refers to a photo-element unit cell containing a photosensor for converting photons to an electrical signal. For purposes of illustration, a single representative pixel and its manner of formation are illustrated in the figures and description herein; however, typically fabrication of a plurality of like pixels proceeds simultaneously. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
In the following description, the invention is described in relation to a CMOS imager for convenience; however, the invention has wider applicability to any photosensor of any imager cell. Now referring to the figures, where like reference numbers designate like elements, FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary pixel cell 200 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
The illustrated pixel cell 200 includes a strained silicon layer 170 in association with a substrate 160. Strained silicon layer 170 is not used in conventional CMOS imagers (FIG. 2). The strained silicon layer 170 in the pixel cell 200 shown in FIG. 3 offers advantages over previous imaging technology, including, but not limited to, increased carrier mobility, decreased resistance, and better electron flow. As electron flow increases, performance improves. With the addition of the strained silicon layer 170, charge transfer becomes more efficient, and image lag decreases as potential barriers between a photodiode 150 and a transfer gate region 126 become less of a factor. Also, color fidelity, signal-to-noise ratios, and operation over a wide range of lighting conditions are improved. Additionally, the strained silicon layer 170 improves the blue response in imagers due to its high absorption coefficient.
The illustrated pixel cell 200 includes a substrate 160 having a doped layer or well 161. In addition, and for exemplary purposes only, substrate 160 is a p-type substrate and includes a p-type well 161 more heavily doped than p-type substrate 160. The illustrated pixel cell 200 also includes a photosensor 150. The photosensor 150 has a p+ region 122 and an n-type region 124. The photosensor 150 is illustrated as a photodiode, and may be a p-n junction photodiode, a Schottky photodiode, or any other suitable photodiode, but for exemplary purposes is discussed as a p-n-p photodiode. In addition, the photosensor 150 may be a photogate or any other photosensitive region having the ability to convert photons into an electrical charge. The photosensor has a portion that extends into the strained silicon layer 170. This allows for electron exchange between the photosensor 150 and a floating diffusion region 116, discussed further below.
The illustrated pixel cell 200 also includes a transfer transistor with associated gate 126; a reset transistor with associated gate 128; source/drain region 130; and shallow trench isolation (STI) regions 155. A source follower transistor 127 and row select transistor 129 with associated gates are also illustrated in the pixel cell 200, and are shown in electrical schematic form in FIG. 3 because their structure is not important to the invention. The output of the row select transistor 129 is connected with a column line 131. Although shown in FIG. 3 as a 4-transistor (4T) configuration with a transfer transistor, the invention can also be utilized in a 3-transistor (3T) configuration, without a transfer transistor, or in other pixel cell configurations having more or less transistors.
Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the strained silicon layer 170 used in the pixel cell 200 of FIG. 3, comprises two layers, a silicon-germanium (SiGe) base layer 172 and a silicon layer 174. The silicon layer 174 is formed over the SiGe base layer 172. The silicon layer 174 can be formed by conventional methods. For example, the silicon layer 174 can be formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). As the two layers 172, 174 are formed, the silicon atoms of the silicon layer 174 “align” themselves with the silicon atoms in the SiGe base layer 172, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. Because of the alignment, a biaxial strain is imparted on the silicon atoms of the silicon layer 174, thus forming strained silicon layer 170. The strained silicon layer 170 has electronic properties that are superior to those of bulk silicon for certain imager applications. Specifically, the strained silicon layer 170 has greater electron and hole mobilities, which translate into greater drive current capabilities for imaging device transistors. The charge transfer from the photodiode 150 (FIG. 3) to the floating diffusion region 116 (FIG. 3) is increased when compared to conventional CMOS imagers. Significantly, for reset, the charge transfer to floating diffusion region 116 (FIG. 3) from the source/drain region 130 (FIG. 3) increases as well.
The SiGe base layer 172 is deposited to a desired ratio of silicon to germanium. The desired ratio depends on the desired amount of strain applied to the silicon layer 174. The SiGe base layer 172 preferably has a germanium concentration of about 30 percent to about 40 percent, but the concentration can be optimized for a particular application based on desired photo response, mobility enhancement, or other factors. Typical SiGe alloys are characterized as Si_(x)Ge_((1-x)), where X is the mole fraction. Other alloys of silicon-germanium can be used as the base layer 172. For example, Si_(x)Ge_(y)C_(z) can also be used as the base layer 172 (FIG. 4B), where X, Y, and Z are mole fractions of Si, Ge, and C, respectively, and X+Y+Z=1.
The strained silicon layer 170 has, for example, a thickness of about 500 Å to about 1000 Å. It should be noted, however, that the thickness could vary by forming a relaxed SiGe top layer over a graded bottom SiGe layer as a composite stack. In that case, each of the layers can be tailored separately with varying concentrations of germanium, and varying thicknesses of, for example, about 200 Å to about 800 Å. The thicknesses disclosed are only examples, and should not be construed to be limiting in any way. Additionally, multiple SiGe layers, e.g., graded SiGe layer 172 a and SiGe base layer 172 b (FIG. 5 discussed further below), having varying concentrations of germanium can be stacked to form the SiGe layer 172. It should also be noted that the top silicon layer 172 can be formed in association with the substrate 160 if SiGe or SiGeC or any other material capable of straining the top silicon layer 172 is used as the material for forming the substrate 160.
The Si_(x)Ge_((1-x)) base layer 172 can be extended (i.e., the thickness can be increased) so that it forms a larger part of the substrate itself. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates a pixel cell precursor 200 a with a thicker SiGe base layer 172 comprising a graded SiGe layer 172 a and a bottom SiGe base layer 172 b. In this example, a majority of a photodiode 150 (FIG. 3) can be formed as part of the SiGe base layer 172, significantly improving the red, infrared (IR), and near infrared (NIR) responses in the pixel cell 200 (FIG. 3). By tailoring the thickness of the Si_(x)Ge_((1-x)) base layer 172, the mole fraction “X,” and the doping level, the red, IR, and NIR absorption characteristics can be tuned. Red, IR, and NIR response might be critical in some applications, e.g., automobile markets. By creating a thicker SiGe base layer 172 and incorporating strain in the silicon layer 174, a desired sensor having high quantum efficiencies in both blue and red regions of the visible spectrum can be achieved.
FIGS. 6-9 show one exemplary method of forming a pixel cell with a strained silicon layer 170 in accordance with the present invention at various stages of processing. For discussion purposes, the invention is described as being formed in a p-type substrate; however, it should be understood that complementary structures may also be formed in an n-type substrate. Moreover, other photosensor structures may also be used.
Referring to FIG. 6, a substrate 160 having isolation regions 155 is provided. The isolation regions 155 are formed to electrically isolate regions of the substrate where pixel cells will later be formed. The isolation regions 155 can be formed by any known technique such as thermal oxidation of the underlying silicon in a LOCOS process, or by etching trenches and filling them with oxide in a shallow trench isolation (STI) process. Following the formation of isolation regions 155, a strained silicon layer 170 is formed in association with the p-type substrate 160. The strained silicon layer 170 is formed either by selective epitaxial growth or CVD as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B.
It should be noted that FIG. 6 is only one embodiment of the present invention, and that, if desired, the strained silicon layer 170 could be comprised of an extended SiGe base layer 172 further comprising a graded SiGe layer 172 a and a bottom SiGe base layer 172 b, as discussed above with respect to FIG. 5. The strained silicon layer 170 in the example illustrated by FIG. 5 would be made by forming a bottom SiGe layer 172 b having desired properties; forming a graded SiGe layer 172 a over the SiGe base layer 172 b; and forming a silicon layer 174 over the graded SiGe base layer.
Next the circuitry of the pixel cell, including the transfer transistor gate; reset transistor gate; the source follower transistor gate; and the row select transistor gate are all formed by well-known methods (e.g., blanket deposition of gate oxide, doped polysilicon, deposition of metal for a silicide, annealing to form a silicide, then patterning and etching). FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the pixel cell 200 with formed gate stacks 115, 119 for the transfer transistor 126 (FIG. 3) and reset transistor 128 (FIG. 3), respectively. Although shown as a 4-transistor (4T) embodiment, the invention can also be used in a 3-transistor (3T) embodiment, in which case no transfer transistor 126 is formed, or other pixel cells having more or less transistors.
A p-type well 161 is formed after the formation of the gate stacks 115, 119. The p-type well 161 may be formed by blanket implantation or by masked implantation. The p-well implant may be conducted so that the well 161 and a p-type periphery logic well (not shown), which will contain logic circuits for controlling the pixel array, have different doping profiles. As known in the art, multiple high energy implants may be used to tailor the profile of the p-type well 161. The p-well 161 is doped to a higher dopant concentration than the p-type substrate 160.
Referring to FIG. 8, a photodiode 150 is formed in association with the substrate 160 by methods known in the art, such as ion implantation. It should be noted that the photodiode 150 illustrated in FIG. 8 has a top junction that is preferably deeper in the substrate than the strained silicon layer 170. Therefore, a portion of substrate 160 remains above the photodiode 150. This portion of the substrate remains undoped. In a less desirable embodiment of the pixel cell 200 in which the top junction of the photodiode 150 is in contact with the strained silicon layer 170, dark current may be more prevalent. For example, in the case in which there are defects in the SiGe/Si interface of the strained silicon layer 170, increased leakage will result in dark current. Under pinned voltage conditions, if the depletion region extends into the defect region, there will be an increase in dark current. Therefore, by forming the photodiode 150 deeper in the substrate than the strained silicon layer 170, dark current can be limited.
In FIG. 9, floating diffusion region 116 and source/drain region 130 are formed within the p-type well 161. These regions 116, 130 are formed in association with the strained silicon layer, and are doped to an n-type conductivity (i.e., they are doped regions). For exemplary purposes, doped regions 116, 130 are doped and may be formed by applying a mask to the substrate 160 and doping the regions 116, 130 by ion implantation. The illustrated pixel cell 200 has doped regions 116, 130 that are formed within and under the strained silicon layer 170. This is merely one embodiment of the pixel cell 200, and should not be construed to be limiting in any way. Finally, gate stack sidewall insulators 133 are formed on the sides of the gate stacks 115, 119 using known techniques, to form transfer transistor 126 and reset transistor 128, respectively.
The pixel cell 200 is essentially complete at this stage, and conventional processing methods may be used to form insulating, shielding, and metallization layers to connect gate lines and other connections to the cell. For example, the entire surface may be covered with a passivation layer of, for example, silicon dioxide, BSG, PSG, or BPSG, which is CMP planarized and etched to provide contact holes, which are then metallized to provide contacts. Conventional layers of conductors and insulators may also be used to interconnect the structures and to connect the pixel to peripheral circuitry.
FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary processing system 600 that may utilize an imaging device, for example, a CMOS imager device 308 (FIG. 1), incorporating a pixel cell 200 (FIG. 3) constructed in accordance with the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 6-9. Any one of the electronic components shown in FIG. 10, including CPU 601 and imaging device 308, may be fabricated as an integrated circuit for use in processing images.
The processing system 600 includes one or more processors 601 coupled to a local bus 604. A memory controller 602 and a primary bus bridge 603 are also coupled to the local bus 604. The processing system 600 may include multiple memory controllers 602 and/or multiple primary bus bridges 603. The memory controller 602 and the primary bus bridge 603 may be integrated as a single device 606.
The memory controller 602 is also coupled to one or more memory buses 607. Each memory bus accepts memory components 608 which include at least one memory device 110. The memory components 608 may be a memory card or a memory module. Examples of memory modules include single inline memory modules (SIMMs) and dual inline memory modules (DIMMs). The memory components 608 may include one or more additional devices 609. For example, in a SIMM or DIMM, the additional device 609 might be a configuration memory, such as a serial presence detect (SPD) memory. The memory controller 602 may also be coupled to a cache memory 605. The cache memory 605 may be the only cache memory in the processing system. Alternatively, other devices, for example, processors 601 may also include cache memories, which may form a cache hierarchy with cache memory 605. If the processing system 600 includes peripherals or controllers which are bus masters or which support direct memory access (DMA), the memory controller 602 may implement a cache coherency protocol. If the memory controller 602 is coupled to a plurality of memory buses 607, each memory bus 607 may be operated in parallel, or different address ranges may be mapped to different memory buses 607.
The primary bus bridge 603 is coupled to at least one peripheral bus 610. Various devices, such as peripherals or additional bus bridges may be coupled to the peripheral bus 610. These devices may include a storage controller 611, a miscellaneous I/O device 614, a secondary bus bridge 615, a multimedia processor 618, and a legacy device interface 620. The primary bus bridge 603 may also be coupled to one or more special purpose high speed ports 622. In a personal computer, for example, the special purpose port might be the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), used to couple a high performance video card to the processing system 600.
The storage controller 611 couples one or more storage devices 613, via a storage bus 612, to the peripheral bus 610. For example, the storage controller 611 may be a SCSI controller and storage devices 613 may be SCSI discs. The I/O device 614 may be any sort of peripheral. For example, the I/O device 614 may be a local area network interface, such as an Ethernet card. The secondary bus bridge may be used to interface additional devices via another bus to the processing system. For example, the secondary bus bridge 616 may be a universal serial port (USB) controller used to couple USB devices 617 via to the processing system 600. The multimedia processor 618 may be a sound card, a video capture card, or any other type of media interface, which may also be coupled to one additional device such as speakers 619. The legacy device interface 620 is used to couple legacy devices 621, for example, older styled keyboards and mice, to the processing system 600.
The processing system 600 illustrated in FIG. 10 is only an exemplary processing system with which the invention may be used. While FIG. 10 illustrates a processing architecture especially suitable for a general purpose computer, such as a personal computer or a workstation, it should be recognized that well known modifications can be made to configure the processing system 600 to become more suitable for use in a variety of applications. For example, many electronic devices which require processing may be implemented using a simpler architecture which relies on a CPU 601 coupled to memory components 608 and/or memory devices 110. These electronic devices may include, but are not limited to audio/video processors and recorders, gaming consoles, digital television sets, wired or wireless telephones, navigation devices (including system based on the global positioning system (GPS) and/or inertial navigation), and digital cameras and/or recorders. The imaging devices of the present invention, when coupled to a pixel processor, for example, may be implemented in digital cameras and video processors and recorders. Modifications may include, for example, elimination of unnecessary components, addition of specialized devices or circuits, and/or integration of a plurality of devices.
It should again be noted that although the invention has been described with specific references to CMOS pixel cells having a strained silicon layer, the invention has broader applicability and may be used in any imaging apparatus. For example, the present invention may be used in conjunction with CCD imagers. Similarly, the processes described above are but only a few methods of many that may be used. The above description and drawings illustrate preferred embodiments which achieve the objects, features, and advantages of the present invention. Although certain advantages and preferred embodiments have been described above, those skilled in the art will recognize that substitutions, additions, deletions, modifications and/or other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the foregoing description but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
1-48. (canceled)
49. A method of forming a pixel cell, the method comprising: forming a semiconductor substrate; forming a first silicon-germanium (SiGe) layer over the semiconductor substrate; forming a strained silicon layer over the first SiGe layer; and forming a photosensor at least in part within the first SiGe layer.
50. The method of claim 50, wherein the first SiGe layer is graded.
51. The method of claim 50, further comprising a step of varying at least one of a thickness of the first SiGe layer, a molarity of the first SiGe layer, or a dopant concentration of the photosensor so as to tune at least one of the red, infra-red or near infra-red absorption characteristics of the photosensor.
52. The method of claim 50, further comprising a step of forming a second SiGe layer over the first SiGe layer.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein the second SiGe layer is graded.
54. The method of claim 52, wherein the second SiGe layer is formed before the strained silicon layer.
55. The method of claim 50, wherein the photosensor is formed entirely below the strained silicon layer.
56. A method of forming an imager, the method comprising: forming a silicon-germanium (SiGe) substrate; forming a strained silicon layer over the silicon-germanium substrate; and forming an array of pixel cells in the SiGe substrate, at least one of the pixel cells in the array comprising a photosensor formed entirely below the strained silicon layer.
57. The method of claim 56, further comprising forming an SiGe layer over the SiGe substrate, the SiGe layer having a different concentration of Ge than the SiGe substrate.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein the SiGe layer is graded.
59. The method of claim 57, wherein the SiGe layer is formed before the strained silicon layer.
60. The method of claim 57, further comprising a step of varying at least one of a thickness of the SiGe substrate, a molarity of the SiGe substrate, or a dopant concentration of the photosensor so as to tune at least one of the red, infra-red or near infra-red absorption characteristics of the photosensor.
61. A method of forming a pixel cell, comprising: forming a photosensor formed in association with an upper portion of a semiconductor substrate, the photosensor capable of generating dark current; forming a transistor formed in association with the photosensor; forming a floating, diffusion region capable of accepting charge from the photosensor; forming a strained silicon layer over the photosensor, the strained silicon layer capable of reducing dark current generation and improving the carrier mobility of electrons.
62. The method of claim 61, wherein the strained silicon layer is formed by depositing a top silicon layer over a silicon-germanium base layer..
| 0.744647
| -0.01457
| 2,039
| 8,175
| 131
| 131
|
Optical Device Design
| false
|
99,752
|
1054599_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
Goliatgrønndue (Treron capellei) er en fugl i duefamilien i slekta Treron. Den finnes i Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, og Thailand.
Eksterne lenker
Duefugler
Fugler formelt beskrevet i 1823
Dyr formelt beskrevet av Coenraad Jacob Temminck
Bruneis fugler
Indonesias fugler
Malaysias fugler
Myanmars fugler
Thailands fugler.
| 0.454021
| -0.312167
| 1,454
| 5,725
| 211
| -1
|
Railway Stations
| false
|
99,753
|
1114512_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
나뭇잎새류(fairy-bluebirds)는 참새목 나뭇잎새과(Chloropseidae)에 속하는 조류의 총칭이다. 인도와 스리랑카 그리고 동남아시아에서 발견된다. 오로지 동양구 생물 지리구에서만 사는 3개의 토착 조류 과 중의 하나이다. 이전에는 큰나뭇잎새류와 파랑나뭇잎새류와 함께 나뭇잎새과 또는 파랑나뭇잎새과(Irenidae)로 분류했다. 현재의 나뭇잎새과는 모든 종이 단형속 나뭇잎새속(Chloropsis)으로만 구성되어 있다.
하위 종
C. flavipennis
C. palawanensis
C. sonnerati
C. cyanopogon
C. cochinchinensis
C. jerdoni
C. kinabaluensis
C. aurifrons
C. media
C. hardwickii
C. venusta
계통 분류
각주
외부 링크
Leafbird videos on the Internet Bird Collection.
| 0.500357
| -0.295093
| 1,456
| 5,856
| 145
| 145
|
Animal Genera
| false
|
99,754
|
github_open_source_100_2_8253
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
--
-- Copyright 2014-2016 Victor Osolovskiy, Sergey Navrotskiy
--
-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
--
-- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
--
-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-- limitations under the License.
--
-- Suppose this is an external view that is exposed for our ETL.
create or replace view demo_whs_goods(
whs_code, whs_city, whs_alias,
goods_code, goods_category,
quantity,
unique(whs_code, whs_city, goods_code, goods_category) rely disable
) as
select
w.code whs_code, w.city whs_city,
w.code || '-' || w.city whs_alias, -- expression returning not null values
g.code goods_code, g.category goods_category,
gw.quantity
from demo_goods_in_whs gw
join demo_warehouses w on w.id = gw.whs_id
join demo_goods g on g.id = gw.goods_id
/
| 0.403133
| 0.937748
| 4,012
| 15,961
| 72
| 72
|
Database Manipulation Scripts
| false
|
99,755
|
github_open_source_100_2_8254
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Umbraco.Core.Persistence.DatabaseModelDefinitions
{
public class ConstraintDefinition
{
public ConstraintDefinition(ConstraintType type)
{
constraintType = type;
}
private ConstraintType constraintType;
public bool IsPrimaryKeyConstraint { get { return ConstraintType.PrimaryKey == constraintType; } }
public bool IsUniqueConstraint { get { return ConstraintType.Unique == constraintType; } }
public bool IsNonUniqueConstraint { get { return ConstraintType.NonUnique == constraintType; } }
public string SchemaName { get; set; }
public string ConstraintName { get; set; }
public string TableName { get; set; }
public ICollection<string> Columns = new HashSet<string>();
}
}
| 0.401283
| 0.870179
| 3,820
| 15,321
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,756
|
github_open_source_100_2_8255
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import {TestCaseEval, TestCaseEvalHandler} from "../../../lib/testcase/rdfsyntax/TestCaseEval";
const quad = require("rdf-quad");
import {DataFactory} from "rdf-data-factory";
import "jest-rdf";
import {ContextParser} from "jsonld-context-parser";
import {Resource} from "rdf-object";
import {RdfXmlParser} from "rdfxml-streaming-parser";
import arrayifyStream from "arrayify-stream";
// tslint:disable:no-var-requires
const streamifyString = require('streamify-string');
const DF = new DataFactory();
// Mock fetch
(<any> global).fetch = (url: string) => {
let body;
switch (url) {
case 'https://example.org/myTestFile':
body = streamifyString(`<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:ex="http://example.org/stuff/1.0/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#this"
dc:title="A test document" />
</rdf:RDF>`);
break;
case 'RESULT.ttl':
body = streamifyString(`<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>
"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1", "RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2".
<https://example.org/myTestFile#this> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "A test document" .
`);
break;
case 'NORM_RESULT.ttl':
body = streamifyString(`<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>
"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1", "RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2".
<http://example.org/myTestFile#this> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "A test document" .
`);
break;
case 'RESULT_OTHER.ttl':
body = streamifyString(`<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar_ABC> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title>
"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1", "RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2".
<https://example.org/myTestFile#this> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "A test document" .
`);
break;
default:
return Promise.reject(new Error('Fetch error'));
}
return Promise.resolve(new Response(body, <any> { headers: new Headers({ a: 'b' }), status: 200 }));
};
describe('TestCaseEvalHandler', () => {
let handler: TestCaseEvalHandler;
const parser = {
parse: (data: string, baseIRI: string) => Promise.resolve(arrayifyStream(streamifyString(data)
.pipe(new RdfXmlParser({ baseIRI })))),
};
let context;
let pAction;
let pResult;
beforeEach((done) => {
handler = new TestCaseEvalHandler();
new ContextParser().parse(require('../../../lib/context-manifest.json'))
.then((parsedContext) => {
context = parsedContext;
pAction = new Resource(
{ term: DF.namedNode('http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/tests/test-manifest#action'), context });
pResult = new Resource(
{ term: DF.namedNode('http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/tests/test-manifest#result'), context });
done();
});
});
describe('#resourceToTestCase', () => {
it('should produce a TestCaseEval', async () => {
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pAction, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('https://example.org/myTestFile'), context }));
resource.addProperty(pResult, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('RESULT.ttl'), context }));
const testCase = await handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {});
expect(testCase).toBeInstanceOf(TestCaseEval);
expect(testCase.type).toEqual('rdfsyntax');
expect(testCase.data).toEqual(`<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:ex="http://example.org/stuff/1.0/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#this"
dc:title="A test document" />
</rdf:RDF>`);
expect(testCase.expected).toEqualRdfQuadArray([
quad('http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1"'),
quad('http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2"'),
quad('https://example.org/myTestFile#this', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"A test document"'),
]);
expect(testCase.baseIRI).toEqual('https://example.org/myTestFile');
});
it('should produce a TestCaseEval with a normalized URL', async () => {
handler = new TestCaseEvalHandler({ normalizeUrl: true });
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pAction, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('https://example.org/myTestFile'), context }));
resource.addProperty(pResult, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('NORM_RESULT.ttl'), context }));
const testCase = await handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {});
expect(testCase).toBeInstanceOf(TestCaseEval);
expect(testCase.type).toEqual('rdfsyntax');
expect(testCase.data).toEqual(`<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:ex="http://example.org/stuff/1.0/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar"
dc:title="RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#this"
dc:title="A test document" />
</rdf:RDF>`);
expect(testCase.expected).toEqualRdfQuadArray([
quad('http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 1"'),
quad('http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"RDF1.1 XML Syntax 2"'),
quad('http://example.org/myTestFile#this', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
'"A test document"'),
]);
expect(testCase.baseIRI).toEqual('http://example.org/myTestFile');
});
it('should error on a resource without action', () => {
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pResult, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('RESULT.ttl'), context }));
return expect(handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {})).rejects.toBeTruthy();
});
it('should error on a resource without result', () => {
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pAction, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('https://example.org/myTestFile'), context }));
return expect(handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {})).rejects.toBeTruthy();
});
it('should produce TestCaseEval that tests true on isomorphic data', async () => {
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pAction, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('https://example.org/myTestFile'), context }));
resource.addProperty(pResult, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('RESULT.ttl'), context }));
const testCase = await handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {});
return expect(testCase.test(parser, {})).resolves.toBe(undefined);
});
it('should produce TestCaseEval that tests false on isomorphic data', async () => {
const resource = new Resource({ term: DF.namedNode('http://ex.org/test'), context });
resource.addProperty(pAction, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('https://example.org/myTestFile'), context }));
resource.addProperty(pResult, new Resource({ term: DF.literal('RESULT_OTHER.ttl'), context }));
const testCase = await handler.resourceToTestCase(resource, <any> {});
return expect(testCase.test(parser, {})).rejects.toBeTruthy();
});
});
});
| 0.561228
| 0.710138
| 3,505
| 14,051
| 270
| 270
|
Testing Item Definitions
| false
|
99,757
|
github_open_source_100_2_8256
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
import * as React from "react";
import { JSX } from "react-jsx";
import { IFluentIconsProps } from '../IFluentIconsProps.types';
const BuildingBank20Filled = (iconProps: IFluentIconsProps, props: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement>): JSX.Element => {
const {
primaryFill,
className
} = iconProps;
return <svg {...props} width={20} height={20} viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" className={className}><path d="M9.23 2.18a1.33 1.33 0 011.54 0l5.85 4.16A.92.92 0 0116.1 8H3.9a.92.92 0 01-.52-1.66l5.85-4.16zm.77 3.7a.83.83 0 100-1.67.83.83 0 000 1.67z" fill={primaryFill} /><path d="M4.5 9v4h2V9h-2z" fill={primaryFill} /><path d="M3 16.17c0-1.2.97-2.17 2.17-2.17h9.66c1.2 0 2.17.97 2.17 2.17v.33a.5.5 0 01-.5.5h-13a.5.5 0 01-.5-.5v-.33z" fill={primaryFill} /><path d="M15.5 9v4h-2V9h2z" fill={primaryFill} /><path d="M12.5 9v4h-2V9h2z" fill={primaryFill} /><path d="M9.5 9v4h-2V9h2z" fill={primaryFill} /></svg>;
};
export default BuildingBank20Filled;
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AnnéeNuméro 11,230Samedi 24 Septembrepaix DE L ABONNEMENT : mahnkillb. in 40 fr. — * Mois, 22 fr. — 3 Mois, 12 fr. xW fr6 Muis, 27 fr. — 3 Mois, 17 fr.BtPAMTEIIBVT».u 40 fr. 6 Muis« 31 fr~ * Moi8» 16 frÉTH4X6EH u Woil, *« ,r * "Lw abonnements de chèque Moisdatent ou 1" ou du 11 et be paient d'avance.BfflâlPHKDEBON S ABONNE : A Mauskiili, Bureau du Journal, rue Venture, A Paris, chez MM. Havas, rue J.-J.-RousscaLaffite , Bvllier et G*, place de la Bourse Dajm lbs Départements , chez tous les fibrale» Directeurs des Postes et des Messager!lltHEHTIOil#. Les insertions sont reçues : à Marseille, auBureau du Journal, à Paris,chez MM Havas, rue J.-J.-Rousseau, 3; Dafeiie, Bülubr etC* place de la Bourse, 8.IN LONDON, for souscriptions and adverbes* menu appela to Dellsy Dattes Jt €*, nets caper and advertising agents, Finchlance, Cornhill.i-pagtlei dcrmertltifr'-!'-;.) dépêches électriques.paris, vendredi malin, 23 septembre. Le Moniteur reproduit 1 article Au Constitutionnel: ; midi* di* liai' et la lettre de 1 Kmpereur à M. Ilioiiveuel.Londres, 22 septembre. Le bilan de la Banque constate une augmentation sur le numéraire • et les billets;shanghaï, 6 raout. Les impérialistes ont pris Nankin,Home. 10 septembre. Le pape, en Consistoire, a donne le chapeau aux cardinaux de Bonnochose et Trevisanato et a préconise 2't évêques.Berlin, 22 septembre. Un lit dans la Correspondance Provinciale : i Le gouvernement ne s'abandonne guère à 1 illusion de voir subitement changer 1 attitude des partis 11 intérieur, par suite des succès de sa politique extérieure. Il est par conséquent prépare pour ],. renouvellement inévitable de la lutte, sans cepelant avoir perdu l’espoir d'une réconciliation; car il croit impossible que les résultats obtenus par la dernière guerre ne contribuent pas à affaiblir ropp««si‘.ion outrera réorganisation de 1 armée et a faciliter une entente sur la question de la réformemilitaire.». Dans on autre passage du même article , la Correspondance Provinciale (ht :« Du moment oh une entente aurait lieu,le conflit soir la question budgétaire et la question constitutionnelle perdrait sa gravité. Le gouvernement ne conteste à la Chambre son droit constitutionnel, ni quant a ia législation, ni quant au vote des impôts. 11 n v a divergence que sur la question de savoir si les frais delà réorganisation doivent et peuvent être traités et annulés comme des dépenses nouvelles.»Berlin, 21 septembre La Gazette del Allemagne du Xord annonce qu'on a abandonné le projet d’une prolongation de 1 armistice pour une durée déterminée. La marche suivie par les plénipotentiaires danois dans les négociations de la paix n aurait pas été sans influence sur cette dérision. D'après la Gazette, la situation aurait pris un caractère particulier à Copenhague ; les feuilles Scandinaves fourniraient à ce sue. t les indications les plus précises, et les journaux de Copenhague eux-mêmes manifesteraient des sentiments dynastiques et Scandinaves très prononcés. Au lieu d accepter les conditions préliminaires de paix, ils les attaquent. L’on comprend donc aisément, dit la Gazette, que les grandes puissances allemandes maintiennent le paragraphe du protocole de 1 armistice, en vertu duquel elles peuvent en tout temps, en observant un délai de six semaines, dénoncer 1 armistice.Vienne, 21 septembre. La Correspondance générale dit que la prochaine séance de la conférence aura lieu au premier jour, en ajoutant que le léger retard qui se produit a été aminé par des circonstances secondaires, étrangères au fond de la question, de pure forme et n ayant aucun rapport avec les négociations elles-mêmes.Dresde,Çtl septembre. Le gouvernement prussien a convoqué une conférence douanière, qui se tiendra le 26 octobre à Berlin, jonc établir l’accession du duché de Darmstadt aux traités du 28 juin, et pour ouvrir les dernières négociations prévu s par ces traités.Kiel, 22 septembre. La Gazette de Kiel est informée que le grand duché de Rade présentera à la Diète la proposition tendant à fixer au grand-duc il IHdenbourg un délai péremptoire jour présenter le Mémoire qui doit justifier ses droits à la succession des Duchés.Athènes, 20 septembre. L'Assemblée nationale a décidé, hier, l'abolition du Sénat à une grande majorité. 11 y aura une seule Chambre en llrèce. L’opinion publique a favorablement accueilli celle décision.rôtir extrait : A. Baria lier.MARSEILLE.La curiosité de ceux qui cherchent aujourd’hui des éclaircissements et des commentaires sur la convention franco-italienne sera amplement satisfaite, nous l'espérons, par les détails qu ils liront plus loin et, bien que ce soit là l’événement du jour, il n autre pas dans le cadre de ces lignes d'en entretenir le lecteur. Nous voudrions simplement appeler 1 attention sur la lettre de M. tiéliic, ministre du commerce, que la Chambre de Commerce nous communique. Elle est insérée plus loin ; on la lira et ou remarquera cette coïncidence que Déloge de la publicité gouvernementale en matière de nouvelles commerciales, se produit tout juste au moment où les journaux reprochent unanimement augouvernement son mutisme en ce qui touche les événements politiques — et cela à propos de la convention franco-italienne, objet des discussions du jour.La lettre de M. Béhic est consacrée à une réclame — c'est le mut dont il se sert luimême —en faveur d'un recueil important, dont la valeur est incontestable : les Annales du commerce extérieur, publiées sous la direction de son département ministériel. Cette publication périodique contient une niasse de documents que le commerce aurait intérêt à connaître et où il puiserait sans aucun doute des indications utiles et précises.Nous sommes, un le roi, torts disposés joindre tous nos éloges à ceux que lui accorde notre ministre du commerce. Avec les éléments dont dispose un ministère, avec les sources d informations promptes et sérieuses auxquelles il peut puiser, il faudrait assurément avoir la volonté de mal faire cuir ne pas réussir à donner à une œuvre de cette nature, une véritable utilité. Comme M. Ré hic prend soin de le rappeler, tout notre corps consulaire y contribue, les publications officielles fournissent divers éléments intéressants, enfin le ministère lui-même et quelquefois le conseil diktat ont inséré dans les Annales des travaux très digues de fixer l’attention. Lu recueil de cette nature devrait donc être très recherché, très lu dans le monde des affaires, il n’eu est rien pourtant et le ministre parait croire que c'est au défaut « de réclames intéressées » que cette négligence , cet oubli même de l'existence des Annales doivent être attribués. S-il nous était permis d’exprimer notre opinion sur ce sujet, nous attribuerions le succès relativement restreint des Annales à une autre cause. Le recueil est bon, les documents qu’il contient utiles à connaître et à consulter, mais il pêche par un côté — comme toute publication officielle du reste — il manque d actualité.Pour mieux rendre notre pensée, les documents publiés dans les Annales du commerce extérieur sont très souvent connus depuis longtemps des intéressés, quand 1 administration les admet à l'honneur de 1 insertion. Tels sont les divers changements que subissent les tarifs douaniers en France et à l’étranger. quant aux faits commerciaux, le môme reproche semble plus fondé encore, et nous voyons souvent les Annales insérer des documents avec ces mots : Ou écrivait de en mars 1863, par exemple, alors que trois mois, six mois et quelquefois une année se sont écoulés, que les faits ont changé, que la situation n’est plus la même, que des renseignements beaucoup plus récents émanas de source privée donnent îles informations très différentes. Encore un exemple : l'an dernier les Annules ont publié des études sur les transformation de notre tarif des douanes, depuis le commencement du siècle, sur les métaux, sur les tissus de laine, de coton, dg «oie, etc. (Tes monographies pinpares par le Conseil datât (si 1860, lors de la signature du traité de commerce avec 1 Angleterre, oit ta le Jnnr à la tiu de Vannée 1863.Ou nous nous trompons fort, ou c'est beaucoup à ces retards qu'il faut attribuer le délaissement dont sont l’objet ces renseignements. Nous n’ignorons pas qu'il faut savoir faire la part des lenteurs administratives. Mais puisque le ministre s’est occupé de cette question, il nous semble qu'il lui serait possible d’introduire dans ce service de publicité commerciale une réforme capitale. Il faut hâter la publication des documents dont on dispose, là est tout le secret. Le Iloard of T rade l'a réalisé dans une certaine mesure en Angleterre, pour tenir le public au courant de tous les changements de législation qui se produisent à l'étranger; la Belgique y est parvenue pour les rapports de ses consuls. Il n'est donc pas impossible d'arriver en France à des résultats analogues , et les Annales auront leur place marquée, quand les rédacteurs de ce recueil se seront pénétré de cette vérité que les documents mis à leur disposition doivent être traités autrement que les vins de France, qu'ils ne gagnent rien à vieillir dans leurs cartons. — Emile Barlatier.REVUE DES JOURNAUX. L'Opinione avait dit vrai. La convention francoitalienne existe et le Constitutionnel en indique aujourd’hui, dans un solennel article de M. Liniayrac, les principales stipulations. La feuille officieuse essaye surtout de prouver que la pensée qui a inspiré la mesure relative à 1 Italie, ne date pas d'hier et qu’elle se rattache par des liens visibles à la politique générale de l'Empire. Dans la lettreadressée le 20 mai 1862 à M. Tlipuvenel, le chef de 1 Etat avait très explicitement posé les bases sur lesquelles il désirait voir s’opérer la réconciliation du Saint-Siège avec 1 Italie nouvelle. Il n’attendrait qu’une occasion propice de laisser aux deux pouvoirs la faculté de se rapprocher ; ce moment lui semble venu et il commence à le mettre à profit en fixant un terme au séjour de nos troupes à Home. C'est à tort que les amis de la papauté s alarment et voit.nt dans le rappé 1 de nos soldats une mesure propre à favoriser les convoitises du gouvernement de Turin, et à précipiter la chute du pouvoir temporel ; telle n’est pas, d'après le journal officieux, 1 intention de 1 Empereur ; pour dissiper les craintes que l’on pourrait concevoir à ce sujet, M. Limayrac a soin d insister sur la clause du traité par laquelle 1 Italie se serait engagée à respecter le territoire actuel du Saint-Père, et à empêcher par la force toute attaque venue du dehors.Il ne nous [appartient pas de rechercher si une pareille déclaration est de nature à rassurer les amis du Saint-Siège et à décourager ses ennemis. Il est visible cependant que les premiers, malgré les précautions de la feuille officieuse, s attristent de la mesure qui vient d’être concertée , tandis que les seconds s'en réjouissent, et semblent y découvrir de légitimes motifs de satisfaction. Voici quoiqu’il en soit, en quels termes M. Limayrac commente les bruits relatifs à la convention franco-italienne :« La presse italienne s’occupe beaucoup, depuis quelbues jours, d'un arrangement qui aurait été conclu entre la France et I Italie en vue de régler les conditions auxquelles pourrait s effectuer 1 évacuation de Rome par les troupes françaises. Dans des questions aussi importantes, il est sage de se prémunir contre les premières impressions qui résultent trop souvent de renseignements incomplets ou inexacts,. t nous croyons devoir apporter notre contingent d'informations pour éclairer l’opinion autant qu’il dépend de nous, sur les faits qui paraissent devoir inaugurer en Italie une situation nouvelle.« Tout a été dit au sujet de l'occupation française à Rome. Ou sait quels puissants motifs y ont conduit le drapeau de la France et ont déterminé le gouvernement de I Empereur à l’y maintenir jusqu'ici. Destinée à pourvoir à d’impérieuses nécessités, cette occupation a toujours été considérée comme un fait exceptionnel et passager que l'intérêt commun delà papauté, de la France et de I Italie conseillait de faire cesser aussitôt que les circonstances le permettraient. C’est ce que le gouvernement du Saint-Père a pensé lui-même à différentes époques ; et si des avènements inopinés ont empêché, notamment en 1859 et en 1860, la réalisation des arrangements pris avec le Saint-Siège pour le départ de nos troupes, ces arrangements prouvent que le gouvernement romain appréciait pour lui-même la convenance et la nécessité de rentrer dans les conditions normales d’un gouvernement indépendant, aussitôt que sa sécurité serait assurée. Tous les efforts du gouvernement français ont tendu à amener ce résultat.L’Empereur, ajoute M. Limayrac, écrivait le 12 juillet 1861 au roi d Italie : «Je laisserai mes troupes à Hume tant que Votre Majesté il1 sera pas réconciliée avec le Pape, ou que le Saint-Père sera menacé de voir les Etats qui lui restent envahis par uno force régulière ou irrégulière. »« Conformément à ce programme, le gouvernement français a du attendre, ou que l'apaisement des esprits, auquel il n a cessé de travailler, facilitât un rapprochement si nécessaire à la conciliation des deux grands intérêts qui partagent 1 Italie, ou que les circonstances permissent de stipuler en faveur du Saint-Père et de ses états des garanties qui les missent à l’abri de tout danger. Décidé à décliner toute négociation qui aurait pour point de départ la revendication de Rome comme capitale de l llalic, ainsi que l a dit formellement M. Drouvii de Lliuys, dans sa dépêche du 26 octobre 1862 au chargé d affaires de France à Turin, le gouvernement français s était toujours déclaré prêt à prendre en considération toute suggestion qui lui semblerait de nature à conduire au but qu'il désirait atteindre. Frappé des heureux changements qui, depuis deux ans, se sont manifestés dans la Péninsule, de l'apaisement qu de la répression des passions anarchiques, du progrès des idées modérées qui tendent de plus en plus à prévaloir, et qui assignent à I activité de I Italie un autre but que la réalisation par la force d’un projet auquel nous étions résolus de nous opposer,le gouvernement français était prêt à saisir la première occasion qui lui serait offerte de reclteicher les moyens de mettre lin à une situation embarrassante et onéreuse pour tout le monde. Aussi quand le gouvernement italien, préoccupé des nécessités d organisation du nouvel Etat, et des considérations stratégiques, politiques et administratives qui doivent déterminer le choix d une capitale, lui a fait part de sa résolution de transférer dans une autre ville que Turin le siège de I autorité centrale du Royaume, le gouvernement de I Empereur a-t-il pensé que le moment était venu d examiner et de discuter les conditions qui lui permettraient de quitter Rome en toute sécurité.« Si nous sommes bien informés, des pourparlers qui se sont engagés à ce sujet, serait résulté un arrangement contenant les stipulations suivantes :« L Italie s’engagerait à respecter le territoire actuel du Saint-Père, et à empêcher par la force toute attaque qui serait dirigée du dehors contre ce territoire. La France retirerait ses troupes de Rome graduellement, au furet et à mesure de I organisation de l'armée du Saint-Père. L évacuation serait accomplie dans le délai de deux ans.<i L'armée papale, recrutée, s'il convenait au couversemant romain, de volontaires catholiques étrangers, serait suffisante pour maintenir l'autorité du SaintPère et la tranquillité de I intérieur et de la frontière de ses Etats, sans que le gouvernement italien élevât aucube réclamation contre la composition ou le chiffre de , cette armée, pourvu quelle elle ne dégénérât pas en moyen d'attaque contre t Italie. Enfin, l'Italie prendrait à sa charge la part de la dette romaine afférente aux anciennes provinces de I Eglise. » — Paulin Limayrac.Mais, à quelle occasion, à la suite de quel avènement mystérieux la récente mesure a-t-elle été prise? Quelle a été la cause déterminante de cette subite explosion? Comment a eu lieu ce brusque réveil de la question romaine qui depuis deux ans sommeillait ? Y a-t-il eu de nouvelles et plus vives instances de la part du gouvernement de Turin? La Pu/rte soulève, ce soir, un coin du voile et précise le point de départ des résolutions de la cour des Tuileries. Dans un récent conseil de généraux, présidé par le roi Victor-Emmanuel, ou aurait démontré 1 insuffisance, au point de vue stratégique, de la ville de Turin comme capitale de 1 Italie, et I on aurait reconnu la nécessité de choisir une des villes principales de la Péninsule pour en faire le centre administratif et politique du nouveau royaume. A la suite de cette décision, le cabinet de Turin aurait renouvelé auprès de la cour des Tuileries, ses réclamations contre 1 occupation de Home par les troupes françaises.« Voilà, dit M. Dréolle, le point de départ des négociations qui ont abouti à la Convention du 15 septembre. Ajoutons que de la décision du conseil de guerre de Turin dépendra l’exécution de la Convention de Paris. L’une veut l’autre ; l abandon par 1 Italie de ses prétentions sur Rome entraîne l’abandon par la France de sa politique protectrice en faveur de Rome.« Mais un aussi grand changement dans la situation respective de I Italie et de Rome exigeait forcément I adoption de "mesures particulières, de garanties réciproques : ce sont ^es mesures, ce sont ces garanties, qui font précisément l’objet de la convention du 15.« A l’Italie, qui cesse de menacer Rome, la France répond par I évacuation de ses troupes : mais à Rome, qui cesse d’être protégée, la France offre à la fois les engagements du gouvernement italien, des facilités pour l’organisation complète et définitive de l administration pontificale, dans I espace de deux ans, et enfin une armée régulière, dont le contingent librement recruté pourra, dit-on, s’élever à 20,000 hommes.« Dans ces termes nouveaux, la question romaine se trouve-t-elle dégagée de toutes les difficultés qui en arrêtaient la solution ? »Pour se prononcer dès à présent, ajoute fort judicieusement le rédacteur de la Patrie, il faudrait non seulement connaître les termes mêmes de la convention, mais encore savoir 1 accueil que ces arrangements vont trouver tant en Italie, au sein du Parlement, qu'à Home, dans les conseils du Vatican.« Mais il est incontestable que celte solution, qu’elle soit ou non respectée dans l’avenir, est une solution conforme aux nécessités politiques du temps , et conforme aussi aux tendances conservatrices et libérales de la France. Du jour où la Révolution, tenue en échec par l'Italie, cesse de menacer Rome , il est naturel que le drapeau français cesse de flotter sur le fort St-.Vnge. C'est ce jour que depuis quinze ans la France attendait.<i Et qu’on ne dise pas maintenant que les décisions du gouvernement impérial lui ont été dictées par des considérations étrangères ! Qu on ne dise pas , par exemple, comme l’écrivait avant-hier un journal, que le gouvernement impérial a cédé aux menaces implicitement contenues dans les tentatives de coalition de Kissingcn ou de Schombrunn !« Ce serait la première fois qu’on croirait en France que le gouvernement qui a bravé la Russie en Crimée , I Autriche en Italie, I Angleterre dans les affaires danoises, rompt avec sa politique et s’effraie de I ombre de la Sainte-Alliance. Fidèle à son programme. en oc eu pans Rome contre 1 Italie, la France reste fidèle à son programme en se retirant de Rome le jour ou l Italie a cessé de menacer Rome ! > — Ernest Dréolle.Bien qu’il ne se livre qu'à des considérations fort discrètes sur le traité franco-italien, le Journal des Débats est loin cependant d’en méconnaître 1 importance. Quelles seront, se demande-t-il, les conséquences de l’abandon de Home ?« Le l’pc, avec la ville et la banlieue de Rome pour toute souveraineté, trouvera-t-il aussi facilement une armée de volontaires, un général capable de la commander et des finances pour l'entretenir qu'au temps où le domaine pontifical s'étendait depuis l'embouchure du Tibre jusqu'à Ferrary? Les Romains eux mêmes pourront-ils s empêcher de tourner les veux vers cette Italie qui les entoure et les presse de toutes parts, et qu ils sont tout disposés à considérer, habitants euxmêmes d Une capitale sans Etal, comme un Etat sans capitale? Telles sont les questions que se poseront dès aujourd'hui hui tous ceux qu’intéresse la question romaine, adversaires ou partisans du pouvoir temporel. La gravité de ces doutes aide à mesurer la portée de la convention dite du 15 septembre. Cette convention est un événement de la plus haute i importance. qui en présage de plus importants encore. » — F. Camus.Le journal la France est désireux de savoir comment les résolutions nouvelles de la cour des Tuileries vont être accueillies à Turin par le parti d action, à Home par la cour pontificale, en France et ailleurs par l’opinion publique. quant au Temps, il est curieux aussi de savoir si le Pape est réellement en mesure de pourvoir par lui-même à la corserovation de son gouvernement. C'est une expérience que la cour pontificale aura toutes facultés de faire.Il lui sera lisible de recruter parmi les zélés partisans du pouvoir temporel en toua< pays, autant de volontaires quelle elle pourra en payer, sous la seule réserve que son armée ne dégénère pas , suivant l’expression du Constitutionnel, en moyen d attaque contre l’Italie. Le gouvernement italien s est obligé à regarder et à laisser faire ; il a été plus loin il a pris l'engagement de ne pas permettre qu il se forme clans ses Etats des h i oies irrégulières d invasion. Il a mime fa il plus encore, il a fait ce que d aucuns considèrent comme un grand sacrifice: il s est décidé à transporter sa capitale de Turin à Florence, à Florence qui. plus qu aucune autre ville italienne, mériterait, par sa position, par sa gloire historique, par sa civilisation élégante et raffinée, de devenir la capitale définitive de l’Italie , si Rome n existait j»a>, et il va s y installer, comme s'il ne pensait plus a Rome. Mais croire qu'il n’y pensera plus, alors qu il s en rapproche, et que I Italie oubliera avec lui, c'est, ce nous semble , une étrange illusion. Croire que le gouvernement romain réussira dans la nouvelle épreuve qu’il est appelé à tenter, en est une autre. Les avènements se développeront nécessairement inévitablement, selon la véritable logique des choses. A une époque que I on peut dès à présent prévoir, le pouvoir temporel dispos naîtra l Italie aura sa capitale définitive, et tous le> intéressés y gagneront : le pape, débarrassé des soucis matériels de la politique, en autorité morale ; l'Italie, groupée autour de son vrai centre en assurance et en force, et la France elle-même, appuyée sur un peuple rendu à ses comblions normales, en sécurité. » —Ulysse Ladet.Ce n'est pas là ce que 1 Union espère ; le dénoiemeut prévu et annoncé avec joie par les ennemis du Saint-Siège n’est pas si proche ; deux ans sont longs par h; temps qui court, fait observer M. l'oujouit, et Dieu, qui tient dans ses mains nos destinées, peut, d'ici à deux ans, imprimer aux choses humaines un mouvement très-imprévu et dont lui seul a le secret.Hien n’est plus vrai, et en envisageant la question à ce point de vue, 1 écrivain de Y Union n’a pas à craindre de contradicteur. — Alexandre Darzigues.CORRESPONDANCES PARTICULIÈRESlettre» de Parle. Paris, 22 septembre. Le Constitutionnel de ce matin se décide enfin à tout avouer. 11 confirme 1 existence de la convention et les clauses dont ou dit quelle est composée. Je n ai pas à vous parler de cet article que le télégraphe vous aura sans doute déjà transmis sommairement. En attendant que le parlement italien nous donne le texte même du traité, je vais m’étudier à vous dire les impressions que la nouvelle a produite ici.Et d'abord la chose a été faite avec la plus extrême discrétion, ce spis a favorisé les négociations, c'est certainement le mystère avec lequel elles ont été conduites. Tout le monde a été stupéfait de la nouvelle, et j’ajoute que la stupéfaction a surtout été grande dans les régions diplomatiques.Dans le monde officiel, on a été jusqu'au dernier moment sans vouloir y ajouter foi. Personne ne pouvait croire que M. Drouyii de Lliuys consentit jamais à une solution comme celle-là, et à laquelle M. Thouvenel avait autrefois donné une si forte impulsion. On s étonne que M. Drouyn de Lliuys ait ainsi déconcerté toutes les prévisions, et les commentaires ont leurs cours.quant à l’opinion du public, au sujet du traité, elle est fort divisée, lus uns y voient un grand apaisement, une promesse de paix pour Vannée prochaine ; les autres au contraire veulent y découvrir les premiers indices d’une guerre contre 1 Autriche. Ces derniers ont pour eux les apparences, et il faut bien le dire, les impressions actuelles de la diplomatie. A Vambassade autrichienne, un a refusé de croire jusqu'au dernier moment. On a télégraphié à Home, à Vienne, pour savoir à quoi s’en tenir. La cour de Vienne n a encore pris aucune résolution, mais si nies informations sont exactes, dans un conseil qui a eu lieu, le comte ltechberg s’est étonne (pie l’on ait résolu entre Turin et Paris, l'exclusion des puissances catholiques. Eu second lieu, toujours dans la pensée de M. de ltechberg, le choix de Florence pour capitale, doit être envisagé par l’Autriche avec une très grande défiance. La conclusion c’est que M. de Metternich vc probablement abréger son congé et rentre r à Paris plus vite qu’on ne le pensait.Dans le traité, les partisans du Saint-Siège ont beaucoup remarqué la clause eu vertu de laquelle le Pape pourra entretenir à Home une force armée, à la condition quelle elle ne soit pas menaçante pour 1 Italie; c’est là, craignent-ils. une porte grandement ouverte. Il nu faut pas oublier ce qui so passa en 186(1. Le général Lamoricière était à Home et commandait les troupes pontificales ; le 8 septembre, M. de Cavour envoyait au cardinal Antobelli une note, lui demandant de désarmer et de licencier immédiatement les troupes étrangères anFEUILLETON DU SEMAPHORE v a*. LE DROIT DE L’ÉPÉEROMAN HISTORIQUE PAU GASTON LAVALLIT.— Falsamblcu 1 s écria cet homme en se retournant vers Thérèse, tu es donc sans pitié, ma fille ?... Celte pauvre bêle n en peut plus, et tu me dis de la frapper, i n peu de charité pour les autres !Et le père Fricolelle sc contenta de taper logèrent **'er b paume de la main sur la troupe du cheval de I inviter à allonger le pas.Thérèse sv désespérait en voyant le peu de cite «pv on faisait. Mais cc (ut bien pi* quand le cheval s rota tout i. coup à deux pieds d un large ruisseau traversait la route.t n petit pont de bois avait été jeté, pour I usa^e piétons, en travers de la rivière et parallèlement fosses du marais. Avant de gémir, à I exemple des v genres qu il conduisait, le père I rieolelle voulut s’arer de la profondeur du courant. Il sauta à terre s gagea sur la passerelle, et, arrivé au milieu, il enfile mardi de son fuel dans Veau ; mais il n en jamais trouver le fond.Il revint d'un air désespéré vers la voilure — Eh bien ? lui demanda Thérèse. — Pas moyen de tenter le passage ! répondit I ergote. Le lit de la rivière est plus profond qu’on le penserait à première vue , nous y resterions tous— Mais observa Mme de Monlbrjzon, est-ce « R y S pas d’autre Chemin •L aubergiste regarda autour de lui.— Je n'en vois pas, dit-il. Cela lient peut-être à ce que je ne connais pas bien le pays. Revenons sur nos pas, cela ne coûte pas d essayer.Il prit le cheval par la bride et voulut faire tourner la voilure. Madame de Muntbrizon 1 arrêta d'un geste.— Non ! dit-elle, nous n avons pas une minute à perdre !... Je descends, je ferai le reste du chemin à pied.— Hum ! fil l’aubergiste il y a loin I — Pardon ! dit Madame de Monlbrizon, j’aperçois déjà les premières tentes du camp français.Aussitôt elle sortit de la voiture et, s'aidant du marchepied et de la main que lui tendait I aubergiste, elle sauta sur la route. Jeanne et Thérèse furent bientôt à ses côtés.• c.v.. .V» H11'' * ..VW.V..V V» chant la tête ; mais il n’y a pas d auberge ici ; qui fera le cheval et la voiture ?w Vous» mon père I observa Thérèse. L'aubergiste souritOui-dà , mademoiselle 1 fit-il d'un ton plaie: vous arrangez gaillardement les choses!... l'n peu de réflexion ne vous nuirait pas. Trois femmes t seules se promenant aux abords d'un camp... camp français, surtout?jugez un peu de l’effet qui produirait... Allons , Thérèse, ma chère fille, i montre pas si folle , et rappelle-loi que Madam Monlbrizon ne saurait se passer de moi pour faire V mr sa, V'ttre a M. de Racan, capitaine des gond du maréchal d Effiat.Madame de Monlbrizon reconnut h justesse de servationet, regardant sa fille d’un air embarras;— Eli bien ! qui de nous restera ? lui dit-elle. Jeanne n’osa pas répondre, mais elle tourna les du cote de Thérèse, qui se tenait « muette et imago S était plein dojo. I ce, il disait quelle elle ne pouvait, dans un pareil moise séparer de sa mère ; qu’elle comprenait bien les secrets désirs de son amie, mais qu’elle la suppliait de faire taire son cour et de se sacrifier aux exigences de la situation.Elle fut obvie. — C’est moi qui resterai : dit jThérèse en répondant soudainement à la question de madame de Monlbrizon .— Oh ! merci, mon enfant ! s’écria la noble daine en embrassant la jeune fille.— Bonne fille ! dit à son tour le père Fricolelle en passait auprès de Thérèse pour aller dételer le cheval.L aubergiste lira une botte de foin du fond de la carriole, attacha le cheval à I un des brancards, et, sc dirigeant vers le petit pont de bois, il passa le premier pour donner la main à Jeanne et à madame de Monlbrizon.Lorsqu'ils furent arrivés tous les trois de l'autre côté du ruisseau, le bonhomme Fricolelle se tourna vers sa fille et lui promit de revenir bientôt la chercher. Fuis ils partirent, après lui avoir fait,de la tête et de la main, un dernier signe d adieu.Thérèse resta debout dans le chemin pour les regarder s éloigner. Quand elle les eut perdu de vue, elle alla s'assoir sur la banquette de la carriole et se mit à pleurer.Deux heures après, madame de Montbrison, Jeanne et le pèrc.Fricotclle s arrêtaient devant une auberge , non avait récemment construite aux abords du camp.A ce moment, un vieillard, d une taille élevée, parut sur le seuil de la porte. Un petit valet, gros et trapu, ensuivait en faisant trois pas dans une des enjambées de son maître. Jeanne fut la première à reconnaître le rime genEfihomme. Elhc poussa un cri, et se penchant à 1 oreille de madame de Monlbrizon .— M. de Malherbe ! lui dit-elle avec effroi.Fuyons ma mère 1Madame de Monlbrizon tressaillit. Un instant elle eut l'idée de suivre le conseil de sa fille, mais elle se ravisa et, s’armant de courage :— Ne crains rien, Jeanne ! dit-elle à sa fille rn lui prenant la main avec émotion; je me sens la force de lui parler !Elle lit plusieurs pas en avant et sc trouva face à face avec le poète.— Monsieur de Malherbe, lui dit-elle d une voix tremblante, vous avez fermé la porte à une malheureuse mère qui venait vous supplier de pardonner à son fils...Le vieux poète détourna la tète et repoussa de la main madame de Monlbrizon.Pas un mot de plus, madame ! fit-il d un ton sévère. — Oh ! Dieu est plus fort que vous : reprit la pauvre femme. C'est lui qui vous a placé sur mon chemin.... Vous ne refuserez pas de m entendre... Vous savez que mon fils est ici, qu’il va sc battre... et vous n êtes venu que pour le voir mourir sous les coups de I ennemi.Un sourire amer plissa les lèvres du poète — Non ' dit-il, les assassins de Marc-Antoine n auront pas l’honneur de mourir en soldats !Et, montrant le rouleau de papier qu’il tenait à la main, il ajouta :— Voilà ce qui dispensera votre fils d affronter les boulets anglais... Laissez-moi, madame, ne m en demandez pas davantage... Je n'aurai jamais I infamie de me réjouir de votre douleur... mais n’essayez pas de m’arrêter... Ma vengeance est sacrée, et je n'ai pas une minute à perdre, si je veux obtenir justice du cardinal... Lalssez-mol lAlors, il se tourna vers son domestique et lui commanda de le suivre.Mais madame de Monlbrizon jeta un cri de terreur, et, pâle, effarée, suppliante, elle tomba aux pieds de Malherbe.— Au nom de votre salut, dit-elle avec effroi, ne faites pas cela, monsieur de Malherbe!... N’égarez pas la justice du roi !.. Mon fils n’est pas coupable ! il n’a pas tiré l’épée contre la vôtre !— il ne l’a pas défendu ! répondit Malherbe d un air sombre.— M. de Files seul a frappé ! — Votre fils n’a pas arrêté son bras 1 — Ayez pitié de lui ! — Ont-ils eu pitié de mon enfant ? — Quoi ! mes larmes ne vous toucheront pas I — J’ai pleuré aussi, moi ! — Vengez-vous plutôt sur moi! .. prenez ma vie t — Ils n ont pas voulu de la mienne ! s'écria Malherde.. Laisscz-moi, madame !... La justice doit suivre son cours... Laisscz-moi!A ces mots, le vieux poète s'éloigna. Madame de Monlbrizon voulut s'élancer sur scs pas , mais les forces lui manquèrent.Elle tomba sans connaissance dans les bras de sa fille, et on la transporta dans l’auberge.tandis que celte scène violente se passait entre un père qui voulait venger son fils et une mère qui tremblait pour la vie du sien, les passions humaines se déchaînaient, dans le voisinage, sous une forme plus solennelle et plus imposante.Cent vingt vaisseaux anglais, traînant après eux des brûlots et des pétards flottants, s avançaient.toutes voit les dehors, poussés par le vent et par ia marée.éLa suite prochainement.) ->• V.% .<>. ».r*«.ryiiv'eîv ,Saint-Siège. La mur de Borne protesta dans trie note du 11 septembre, ut quelque temps après U bataille de Castel tidardo avait fieu, et ou annexait le* Marches et 10mbrie.Vous remarquerez certainement la baisse rosit' ij h‘ que fuhit depuis deux jours 1 emprunt citas âtl.il-tte baisse s explique par deux raisons:volt* liai-fierait A survenir avec 1 Autriche, et ensuite mîmes de Turin ont énormément imprimé la population. ... nonce, Mgr Chigi, s'est rendu, hier, chez M. Drouyn de Lhuys pour avoir enfin un éclaircissement". I>e ministre aurait avoué le fait du traité, et il aurait cherché à persuader au représentant du Saint-Siège que le traité actuel avait été fait dans 1 intérêt même du Pape. Je n ai pas besoin de vous dire que Mgr Chigi n a pas été convaincu.Ou ajoute qu'aujoura hui même doit partir «le Paris une note ayant pour but d'aviser officiellement le Pape du traité du 15 septembre.M. Nigra, qui est parti hier pour Turin, a vu l’Empereur et M. Drouyn de Lhuys, et je crois savoir qu il doit surtout insistera Turin pour que l'on s efforce de calmer l'émeute, et, eu même temps pour que l’on ne s’exalte pas exagérément.Pour extrait : A. Barlatier.Italie. Turin, 21 septembre 1864. On aurait grand tort de croire que la population luriais accepte avec une patriotique résignation la nouvelle du transfert delà rupilale.elle cache, sons un prétexte peu fondé, celui de ne quitter le provisoire que pour le définitif, un esprit de clocher qui est assez peu en harmonie avec ressentiments italiens qu'elle n'a cessé de profit vaser depuis le premier jour qu'a surgi la grande question italienne. Les murs sont littéralement couverts d'aflirhes annonçant pour ainsi dire d heure en heure la publication d’une nouvelle brochure, toujours bien entendu dans le sens lorgnais le Diritto qui, jusqu à ce jour s'était tenu sur la réserve, annonce que son numéro de ce soir traitera la question de capitale.Malheureusement celte question de clocher trouve un point d appui dans la question de principe. On traite la question stratégique d une façon dérisoire, le mot il ordre donné est Tvkiv on Home En dehors de ces esprits étroits qui ne jugent les questions qu au point du vue de leurs intérêts ou «le leur passion, il est juste de reconnaître que partout la nouvelle a été, comme je crois vous l’avoir dit déjà, accueillie avec enthousiasme ; on comprend que lorsque l on ne fait pas comme on veut, on fait comme on peut. Le transfert à Florence est un pa> immense de fait dans la voie de I unité.La ville de Turin n. je crois, grand tort de s'exagérer comme elle le fuit le dommage que pourra lui causer ce transfert et dons tous lestas le fait était prévu; du reste toutes ces menées ne peuvent aboutir qu à faire douter de son patriotisme.U > a eu hier une espèce de démonstration, composée en grande partie d ouvriers maçons sans travail, parce que la plupart des travaux de constructions ont été suspendus ; leur cri était : à bas le ministère ! Comme personne ne leur a fait écho, le rassemblement fort peu nombreux, quoiqu en dise la (m -et ta cl i polo, s est dispersé de lui-même.Le conseil municipal qui devait se réunir hier, n’a tenu séance que ce soir, il y avait sur la place de I hôtel-de-ville un espèce de rassemblement, que je crois plutôt réuni par curiosité que par un mobile hostile. La scande s est bornée » nommer une commission qui devra rédiger un rapport au roi pour protester contre le transfert ; après la séance, la junte municipale a fait publier un manifeste pour annoncer que le conseil s occupe des intérêts de la ville et qu il fera légalement tout ce qui est nécessaire pour h'S sauvegarder. Tout cela, vous le voyez, est bien mesquin, les X cilles de Milan et de Naples ont apporté plus U abnégation pour la cause italienne, lorsque 1 annexion leur a enlevé la capitale.Maintenant il faut faire la part des choses. Les personnes 1rs plus lésées sont les propriétaires, et je les crois quelque peu les fauteurs de l’opposition qui se manifeste. Les cléricaux, qui voient par cette mesure *e consolider l’unité italienne, j< tient les hauts cris : mais tout cela ne saurait cire sérieux, et, ce qui me le prouve, c est qu ou a recours pour susciter des troubles aux bruits les plus étranges De ce nombre je vous citerai la cession du Piémont à la France ; et dire qu il y a des gens qui passent pour sérieux qui osent bien soutenir une pareille absurdité.Vous voudrez bien me permettre de rectifier une erreur involontaire de ma dernière lettre. Le décret de convocation du Parlement est signe, mais il n a pas été publié encore ; cc retard semblerait indiquer que la Chambre se réunirait le 10 au lieu du 4. L’esprit de niunlcipalisme a gagné les présidents des deux Chambres ; les sentiments italiens qu ils ont professés jusqu ici se sont éclipsés devant une question de clocher; le comte Sclopis, président du Sénat, a donné sa démission. on in'afiirine que M. Cassinis est a la veille d'en faire autant Ces messieurs se font un scrupule de présider un Parlement qui doit sanctionner la ruine du clocher à l’ombre duquel se sont développées bleui s affection* pour le roi et pour la patrie.Ces exemples sont heureusement fort rares, la composition du nouveau ministère ne tardera pas à le prouver On parle de l'entrée aux affaires de MM. Boneompagne. Laura. Peltiti, Sella, tous piémontais, qui seront tiers d’attacher leur nom à l une des phases les plus importantes du grand mouvement de la nationalité italienne, et qui «ait si, grâce a leur concours, le troisième parlement italien ne se réunira pas à Home; le second, vous le savez, sera convoqué a Florence dons les premiers mois de 1 année 18ti5.Pour extrait ; A. BarlatierTunisie. Par vapeur OasisTunis, 17 septembre outil. Ma lettre sera courte aujourd'hui, hui, car je n ai aucun de ces faits, si importants qu ils dominent tous les autres, à vous transmettre. quant aux appréciations, elles sont ici fort contradictoires et si je vous transmettais toutes les opinions qui bourdonnent à mes oreilles, il vous serait difficile de vous faire une idée exacte de notre situation.Votre correspondant de I.a Boulotte a du vous annoncer par le dernier courrier, le départ prochain des escadres française, italienne et anglaise, départ subordonné, disait-on partout, à celui de la flotte turque et surtout du mucher Haïr-Lffendi. Bien de tout cela n'a eu lieu et aujourd'hui hui le départ de> escadres parait renvoyé aux calendes grecques, pourrais-je dire, car moins que jamais on parait faire à bord des escadres des préparatifs de départ, si je comprends bien se qui s'est passe, il me semble que les gouvernements, fatigués de voir se perpétuer un létal de choses impossible, se continuer les petites intrigues qui ont cours ici, se seraient décidés à laisser aller les choses, à abandonner k boy à lui-inéme et à le laisser se tirer du mauvais pas où test, comme il le pourrait. Dans ces conditions, le départ de l’ambassadeur turc était la première des nécessités et Von disait que l’accord étant positif et défioisivement établi entre toutes les puissances, la Sublime-Vurte avait envoyé un ordre positif de rappela son ambassadeur. 11 semble à peu près avéré que c'était là une espérance vaine, car le mucher aurait déclaré à notre consul qu'il n avait pas cou le moindre ordre de rappel semblable aux instructions transmises aux amiraux,et qu en conséquence II resterait. Sur celte déclaration très-nette, il a fallu surseoir à l'exécution, o» a expédié des dépêches à Cagliari pour rendre compte do cet incident et Von attend sous jk u une réponse.L intrigue anglo-turque va donc son train, et I or continue a ce qu’on dit partout à jouer son râle. Los tribus de la côte continuent à être en plein état U insurrection. On y crie toujours à bas le kasnadar, mais on va plus loin et l'on demande l’abdication du liez que l'on sait désormais être entêté à conserver un ministre qui,sum-.Le Sémaphore de Marseille.me toute, est le pr n r auteur de sa ruine. A Monestier, qui est au pouvoir d-*s insurgés, ceux ci ont réuni des forces considérables et n ont pas eu de peine a faire embarquer, à boni du Régi, le général Selim, envoyé par le bey en parlementaire. Poursuivi par une foule ameutée, le général revenu à bord du Régi a regagné aussitôt La Boulette où il est rentré le IL Contre ces révoltés on a envoyé un camp, je vous lai dit, mais je continue à ne pas trop croire à son succès. Il o>t fort de 2,500 hommes tout le personnel spis suit compris, mais il parait peu douteux qu il ne fasse rien et que sa marche ne soit brusquement arrentée par un échec.Quelques tribus — celles entre autres, au milieu desquelles le général Perhat a été tué au commencement de 1 insurrection — sont venues faire leur soumission.Au mile de tout cet imbroglio, on ne sait trop ce qui arrivera,tant tout est indécis,et tant le gouvernement est mou,alors qu'il devrait mener les affaires avec énergie el avec un peu d'esprit de suite. Mais hélas ! que peut faire un souverain aveugle cédant tantôt aux uns, tantôt aux autres, avec un ministre dont plus que jamais on a droit de suspecter les intentions, surtout quand il est soutenu par les intrigues d'un consul anglais ; avec des populations qui savent maintenant ce qu'il faut croire de tout ce jeu,qui ont une idée exacte de leur puissance et de l’état des finances du bey et de ses forces, et qui ne payeront pas mime les impôts réduits, quand il leur plaira de ne pas payer. Vous pourriez voir cela bientôt, et je plains franchement ce pauvre souverain.Pour extrait : A. Barlatier.MARINE ET COMMERCEMianihre «le ('«imneree, La Chambre de Commerce a reçu la circulaire suivante de M. le ministre de i agriculture,.du commerce et des travaux publies :« Paris, le 15 septembre 1864. « Monsieur le président, mon département, vous le savez, publie, sou-le titre d Annales du commerce extérieur, un recueil mensuel de renseignements, empruntés tant à la correspondance de nos agents officiels a 1 étranger, qu'aux diverses publications également officielles des autres pays, concernant la législation des douanes et le mouvement de la navigation et des échanges. Ce recueil périodique, qui parait depuis plus de 20 ans, peut être utilement consulté, soit au sujet de la nature et de I importance des opérations commerciales de la France avec chaque contrée, soit pour acquérir des notions précises sur les industries des peux s, sur leurs besoins, sur les débouchés qu ils offrent a nos produits et les ressources d approvisionnement qu'on trouve dans les principaux marchés.«t Bien que rédigé spécialement en vue de faciliter l'extension de nos rapports internationaux, d éclairer le commerce et chacune de nos grandes branches de travail sur les moyens de développer leurs entreprises au dehors, cette publication, adressée gratuitement par mon département à toutes les Chambres de commerce et lies manufactures de I Empire, ne semble pas encore suffisamment répandue dans le pays.Chaque jour, en effet, des négociants et des industriels se présentent dans les bureaux du ministère pour demander desseinsaignements qui sont contenus dans les Annales. Ces personnes paraissent étonnées d apprendre que l administration s’est fait une élude constante de met tre préaisément à leur portée, au moyen de ce bulletin mensuel, les informations quelles elles viennent chercher.« L ignorance que je constate ici, monsieur le Président, s explique aisément par le caractère même de la publicatioiulont il s'agit. Œuvre administrative avant tout, elle n’a nu être l'objet de ces réclames intéressées qui, par la voie des journaux ou autrement, appellent I attention sur les ouvrages dont I éditeur s'applique à étendre le débit. Indépendamment de la distribution gratuite dont j’ai parlé plus haut, le prix modique que mon département a assigné à la vente des Annales, auxquelles on s'abonne pour 12 fr. par an à la librairie V. Dupont, témoigne assez du but d'utilité générale dans lequel est conçu ce recueil,'dont la circulation toutefois est demeurée trop restreinte,« Pour remédier e t inconvénient dans la mesure de ce qui est possible concevable, j’ai fait préparer un relevé sommaire et analytique des documents insérés dans les Annales du commerce extérieur depuis le 1er janvier 1813 jusqu'au commencement de l’année courante. Je vous reimtsci-inclus, monsieur le Président, un certain nombre d'exemplaires de relie table des matières, cl je vous serai obligé de les distribuer dans votre circonscription entre tous les commerçants et manufacturiers que la nature de leurs affaires peut appeler à s’y référer. Je vous prie, en outre, de me faire part des'observalions qu'aura suggérées lu présente communication.« Recevez, etc.« Le ministre de l'agriculture, du commercev et des travaux publics,« Signé. Armand Béiuc.» Le relevé sommaire et analytique dont il s’agit est déposé au secrétariat de la Chambre, où chacun pourra en venir prendre connaissance.CHRONIQUE LOCALE. _ — M Léon Vidal, inspecteur général des prisons, arrive depuis plusieurs jours dans notre ville, a commencé avant-hier 1 inspection de nos prisons et de nos établissements pénitentiaires qui, on le sait, présentent une grande importance , sous le rapport <lu nombre des prisonniers et «les détails de leur administration. M. Léon Vidal doit étendre son inspection à toutes les prisons du département.— M. Cabanel, surveillant général au lycée impérial de Tarbes , est nommé censeur au lycée impérial de Marseille.— «Avant-hier soir a eu lieu ail Grand-'i rentre la rentrée de Mlle Pancaldi, cette jeune danseuse qui faillit naguère devenir victime d’un affreux accident.Pour fêter cette artiste si gracieuse et si sympathique au public marseillais, la foule s était donné rendezvous à la représentation de la féerie nouvelle, et a témoigné par du longs applaudissements mêlés it un déluge de fleurs, le plaisir quelle elle avait à revoir Mlle Pancaldi.Ce n’est pas tout. En réjouissance devon rétablissement et de celui de M. Défossez, dont l’intervention vint si heureusement en aide à la jeune danseuse au milieu des flammes qui 1 entouraient, les artistes du Grand-Théâtre se sont réunis avanthier à 1 hôtel du Louvre pour exprimer à leur directeur et à son aimable pensionnaire la joie qu’ils éprouvaient à les voir parmi eux sain et sauf et en pleine convalescence.Plus de cent personnes assistaient à cette fête de famille, pendant laquelle a régné la [dus vive effusion et qui laissera de bien agréable souvenirs chez les convives et surtout dans le cœur des deux hôtes aimés qui en étaient 1 objet.—Demain dimanche, à la tombée de la nuit, doit avoir lieu à l'Hippodrome {du Château des Fleurs une intéressante expérience de l'appareil de sauvetage inventé par M. BuVert, de passage dans notre ville. M. Iluvert, revêtu du vêtement de sauvetage, entrera dans le feu et séjournera au milieu des flammes pour prouver l'incombustibilité de son appareil. 11 se propose aussi de démontrer aux plus incrédules que, grâce à sa découverte, on peu travailler avec sécurité et sans danger au sauvetage des objets renfermés dans une maison en flammes et, ee qui est plus inestimable encore, arracher des victimes à une horrible mort.Si, comme 1 avance M. Buvcrt, un problème aussi philanthropique a été résolu par lui,nous a! ébaudissons de grand cœur à cette belle invention,destinée à rendre d immenses services «à 1 humanité.— M. Adolphe Courtot, négociant, administraterrine la Caisse d’épargne, présidera les opérations de la caisse, à partir du dimanche 25 septembre 18GÎ, jusqu’au samedi suivant, 1er octobre, inclusivement.Pour toute la chronique locale : A. Barlatier.f'iiuuihrr tir Coninirrrr. Souscriptions recueilli s au secrétariat de loch im-bure. de Commet ce, en faveur des incendiés de Limoges.6e* LISTE. MM. Luire frères F. 50Montant des listes précédentes.... 5555 55Total 5605 55IXcm rl »|iee<ar!r* «1«* ec tuer «ameitl vt <lr demain «llmnnelee. Château des Flfurs.— En vue de varier le spectacle qui a lieu chaque dimawhc dans ce grand établissement, lu direction s'est entendue, pour demain dimanche, avec M Levieux, le célèbre prestidigitateur , pour une grande séance qui s'annonce comme devant être des plus attrayantes. Nous n avons pas besoin de redire ici toutes les scènes merveilleuses que ce physicien hors ligne exécute. Tout le monderait la légitime réputation que s’est acquise M. Lt vieux ; aussi sommes-nous persuadés qu'en annonçant au publiccetlte représentation , it y aura foule demain au Château pour applaudir les tourincompréhensibles de ce gland magicien .La séance de prestidigitation sera précédée et suivie d<plusieurs exercices exécutés parla famille Poulmarche et par les travaux intéressants d'une noire chinoise, qui se livre aux exercices les plus difficiles du trapèze avec une rare habileté.El Uorado.— Depuis l ouverture de cet établissement, si brillamment restauré, le public continue à se porter en foule dans ce magnifique salon, où ont lieu des soirées extrêmement animées. Indépendamment de la gaulé qui préside à ces réunions, on trouve à I El Dorado un restaurant et des consommations de premier choix ; un orchestre conduit par I habile baguette de M Marins Allemand, tels sont les heureux et divers éléments qui expliquent l'empressement que met, le samedi et le dimanche, les amateurs de la danse et les consommateurs à prendre le chemin de la place SaintMichel.Demain dimanche , M. Bossignol Rollin , avant de quitter Marseille, a voulu donner une dernière et brillante séance de luttes. C'est dans la somptueuse salle de t El Dovado qu’aura lieu demain , à t heures, ce spectacle toujours recherché de nos amateurs. Tous les lutteurs qui ont su. dans noire ville, intéresser le publie par leur grâce virile et leur force athlétique, figureront dans ce tournoi, qui sera en effet digne (le ce nom. Au nombre des athlètes qui se présenteront dans celle arène , nous remarquons les noms de MM. l'oujol, Richoux, Lacroix, Marseille jeune, Béranger. Naille, l.ecraint et Charles l'Arabe. C'est, on le voit, 1 élite des lutteurs.Cirque des frères Loyal.—Toujours mime affluence à se rendre aux soirées équestres du Cirque , dont toutes les places sont constamment envahies par un publie qui 11e c«isse de prodiguer ses bravos aux écuyers et aux amazones de la troupe. Les frères Loyal, ou le sait, n’ont plus que quelques représentations à donner à Marseille; avis donc aux personnes qui n auraient >as encore assisté à ces soirées, à la fois si variées et si rien remplies.Demain dimanche , le Cirque donnera plusieurs représentations de jour et de nuit ; c est là une excellente occasion offerte à ceux qui voudraient voiries incompavablesexercices de la famille Delavanli.et applaudir aux scènes pleines de grave et d intrépidité des lia biles sujets de celle troupe.Jardin Zoologique.— Programme du concert de demain dimanche , 25 septembre, de U à 5 heures J|21. Pas redoublé , Mimait.—2. Ouverture delà Médaille d or, Buriner.— 3 The Ranelugh 'polka , Rivière.— 4. Fantaisie sur Robert le Diable, Léon Chic. — 5. Les Canotiers de la Seine (quadrille). Buriner.— G. Marche, Marie.— 5. I.a Ppoupée de Nuremberg ouverture , Renault.— 8. La-i tou (quadrille , Léon Chic. — 9. Fantaisie sur la Fiancée, Brunet.— 10. Le Clou n (galop), Lobilzki. liéliartemciits Affaire df. Blagx u:. — Nous avons recueilli les détails les plus circonstanciés et les plus dignes de foi sur le douloureux avènement dont la commune de Blagnac a été le théâtre,el que nous pouvons opposera des récits incomplets qui se sont produits en ville dans la journée d hier.Depuis quelques mois, une rupture avait éclaté entre les deux familles Méliorat et Guimhuud pour les motifs les pliisTutilcs. Vu charivari ayant été donné en août aux Méliorat par les Ouimbaud, ii s en était suivi une condamnation infligée à ces derniers par le tribunal de simple police, en date du samedi 17 septembre.Le lendemain, dimanche, Méliorat , on visitant un champ planté de choux à lui appartenant, le trouva entièdement dévasté. Ses soupçons se portèrent naturellament sur les Guimbaud, et il porta contre eux une nouvelle plainte au commissaire de police de I arrondissement. Les Guimbaud père et fils furent mandés par ce magistrat, et menacés d une nouvelle comparution devant la justice. Cest alors que germa dans leur cour une vive irritation, dont ils ne devaient pas tarder à donner des preuves funestes.Mardi dernier, à midi, Arnaud Méliorat et sa femme tassèrent devant la hayon des Guimbaud. Le père et e fils attelaient leur voiture pour aller vendanger. Fit apercevant Méliorat,Guimbaud Arnaud dit à son fils : Va me chercher mon fusil !... L’enfant obéit et apporta l arme. Méliorat était alors à cinq ou six pas Guimbaud l'ajuste et fait feu Méliorat est atteint au milieu du dos, et tandis qui! i! se retourne , un second coup l'atteint au bras. Il se réfugie alors dans une maison voisine; la femme, d’abord immobile de frayeur, vole au secours de son mari.Guimbaud père prend alors à son tour le fusil et poursuit la femme Méliorat jusqu'au détour d’un chemin en l'ajustant. Elle ne dut son salut qu'à 1 intervention de quelques personnes qui venaient a sa rencontre. La fureur des assassins ne fait que s'accroître. Ils se mettent à la recherche des autres membres de la famille Méliorat. qui vendangeaient «laits la plaine à une assez grande dMancc U11 théâtre du crime. Avertis de ce qui venait de se passer, ils accouraient en toute hâte, fout à coup ils voient venir à leur rencontre Guimbaud père et fils, nantis d’un fusil double et d’une carabine armée d'une baïonnette.Ils prennent aussitôt la fuite. La femme Méliorat mère, ne pouvant suivre son mari et son (ils, se réfugie près d'un vigneron. Guimbaud père fond sur elle et lui porte quatre coups de baïonnette, l es sieurs Méliorat, revenus de leur frayeur et aidés du sieur Gilèdc, se saisissent de Guimbaud père, le terrassent, le désarment et le garrottent; mais il est bientôt délivré par son fils.Cependant Arnaud Méliorat avait été transporté dans une maison voisine pour recevoir les soins que réclamait son état. Les deux Guimbaud reviennent alors à la charge et tirent des coups du feu sur la maison qui renfermait le blessé, menaçant de mort ceux qui oseraient approcher.tandis que ces événements se passaient, M Bidault, commissaire de police de I arrondissement, se transportait sur les lieux avec un certain nombre d’agents. Les Guimbaud s’étaient retirés dans leur demeure, se préparant à faire une opiniâtre résistance. Armés chacun d'un fusil à deux coups, ils étaient embusques derrière les arbres de leur jardinM. Bidault, revêtu de son écharpe, leur fait deux sommations sans obtenir de réponse. A la troisième, Guimbaud père ajuste le commissaire, en s écriant : « Cochon de commissaire, tu vas y passer!... » et lâche le coupM. Bidault n’est pas atteint, et la charge du fusil va frapper contre le toit d’une maison voisine.A la nouvelle de ces regrettables faits, M. le commandant de gendarmerie Mattéi avait fait partir en toute bâte une brigade, commandée par 1 adjudant Capdeville, et butait rendu lui-même sur les lieux. Bientôt arrivèrent également M. Solnrd, secrétaire général de la préfecture, accompagné de M le commissaire central, M. le substitut Debpiié, remplissant les fonctions de procureur impérial, et M. Dufour, juge d instruction. Presque au même instant parurent une forte escouade de sergents de ville, d'autres gendarmes et un caporal et quatre chasseurs du poste de l'embouchure. On cerna la maison, d’où partait une continuelle fusillade. Enfin, M. le. commandant de gendarmerie, suivi de ses boulines, se dirigea résolument vers la maison. Ils furent accueillis par des coups de fusil qui blessèrent le caporal Têtard à la cuisse, le chasseur Lambert à la joue gam be et fi* sergent de ville Marty au ventre.Quelques instants après son arrivée, l'inspecteur de police Robert, s était courageusement approché de la maison et avait entendu I un des Guimbaud dire à l'autre : « Nous en tuerons le plus possible..*, et quand nous n’aurons plus de munitions , nous nous brûlerons lu cervelle 1»Vers cinq heures et demie, parut un détachement du 17* bataillon de chasseurs à pied, qui avait été mandé de Toulouse, précédé de quelque» instants par M de Gvrus de Laborie , capitaine de gendarmerie. I.a nuit approchait, I attaque de la maison fut résolue.La colonne d'attaque, composée des chasseurs du 17* bataillon, des gendarmes « t des agents de police, ayant en Me M le commandant MalU i, qui. dans toute celte affaire, a bravement pave de sa personne,* avance au pas de course Lue nouvelle décharge port de la maison, et le capitaine de gendarmerie tombe baigné dans son sang. Vue balle l'avait atteint au flanc droit et lui avait fait une blessure assez grave.Tout à coup Guimbaud fils parait à une fenêtre, et dit aux soldats «ju il se rend. Sur celle parole, le gendarme Mrmlcgut s avance et lui crie de, jeter son arme. Mais à peine i infortuné a-t il fait quelques pas, qu une balle 1 atteint en pleine poitrine. Il tombe pour ne plus se relever. En même temps, de Vautre côté de la maison, Guimbaud père ouvre une fenêtre toute grande et lire deux coups de feu qui, heureusement, n atteignent personne.Cependant en voyant tomber le gendarme Montvput, la troupe, obéissant à un sentiment militaire que tout le monde comprendra , riposte par un feu de peloton. Guimbaud lits lest mortellement frappé.Celle décharge, faite presque à bout port mt, l'assassin placé dans une chambre surmontée d'un grenier rempli de foin et de pille, a immédiatement déterminé un violent incendie. Le feu se communique rapidement aux granges et au galetas. Guimbaud père. environné par les flammes, suffoqué par la fumée, saute du premier étage et est immédiatement saisi par les chasseurs.« Ah ! s'écrie-t-il, si je suis entre les mains de la justice, ce n est pas ma faute... Je 111suis tiré deux coups de pistolet et donné n 1 coup de poignard et je n ai pas pu me tuer ! >Le misérable était en effet couvert de sang et dans un état effrayant à voir, un l a aussitôt dirigé sur Toulouse, et envoyé à Nltnel-Dieu, où il est gardé à vue pour être remis à la disposition de l autorité judiciaire. Les deux femmes Guimbaud el l’adolescent, que les flammes avaient chassé de la maison, ont été également arrêtés.Cette déplorable scène, qui a jeté dans tout le pays une consternation profonde, s'est terminée vers sîx heures et demie L'incendie n’a pu être éteint qu’à neuf heures, avec le concours des pompiers de Toulouse.Dans celte lutte effrayante, ou force est demeurée à la loi, la gendarmerie, fi s chasseurs à pied et la police, ont déployé une énergie qui ne s est pas démentie un seul instant.si l'un des assassins a succombé. I autorité n, de son côté, de douloureux résultats à constater : le gendarme Monlégut tué: le capitaine de gendarmerie blessé grièvement : le commandant Maltei,blessé, mais légèrement, deux chasseurs du 17e blessés : le sergent d '-ville Marty blessé, l u scrgvnl-de-ville a eu son chapeau traversé par une balle el un autre sa capote trouée en plusieurs endroits par les grains de plomb.N’oublions pas de mentionner aussi le zèle cl l'humanité dont ont fait preuve dans cette triste circonstance M. le docteur Cuzon.de Toulouse, et MM. les docteurs Filé iv et Roueolle, de Blagnac, qui ont prodigué aux blesses les soins les plus intelligents et les plus dévoués. (Aigle de Toulouse).BOURSE DE PARIS 23 Septembre 1361. ( CAR DiPBÜHE ÉLECTRIQUE ).Frécdti'.i C.élire.VALEURS.Vr Cnn.Vr C«tii.U5 7a3 0,0 Français comptant 65 8963 90» » à terrai 65 9063 9365 93» » plus liant 65 9365 >J0» * plus bas......65 90—65 93» » nouveau 65 9065 9592 304 1/2 6 0 comptant —92 50» * ù terme 3400 —Banque «le France, comptant.3390 —3385 —1215 —805 —Messageries Impériale». 810 -815 —371 25570 —S J 73» nouveau 470 —Immobilière 472 50470 —Gaz dv Marseille 4H3 73Suez 465 —35 1 2Emprunt Mexicain 531.255 1'867 555 0/0 Italien 67 6067 7o67 45> > à terme 67 7067 70lit 25Crédit Mobilier..., 1016 251016 256.10 —Société Générale 628 73630 —923 75Pans, Lvon, Méditerranée...9z7 50925 -Midi 435 —Autrichiens 455 —452 50538 75Lombards 5(0 —537 50483 25Suragossu 487 50613 75Mobilier Espagnol 613 75616 25400 —Espagne 400 —393 75535 —Transatlantiques 535 ——88 1,8Consolidés à Londres OBLIGATIONS.88 3 888 3 8800 —Méditerranée 301 252S$ —Ouest 286 25ts3 73Midi 285 —291 25Méditerranée (fusion) 291 25— —337 59( Htomanes nouvelles 837 50850 —Lombardes 250 —248 75Karagosso 248 75228 75Romaines 228 75— —•248 50Espagne Î55 ——855 —ottomanes Autrichienne» 355 ——BOURSE DE MARSEILLE 23 Sept. 1861.t 1 2 jouissance du Si sept. 1864.. 3 0,0 jouissance.octobre 1864 ....» e * lie. courante » liquidation proc.. > d. 23 10 0 Italien jouissance j. 1864 ...» coup, de 100.... * coupures (50 fr.).. » liquidation courant. » 1. U * d. 50 » liquidation proc.. » d. » d. 25 16 0 Docks actions nous Gnz d Marseille N. Corap. de nan. mixte, |. a. 1864. Ville dMarseille, 5 0,0, 1850 j. a.. Ville Marseille (E. Eri.), 5 0 0 » coupures (100 fr.). Marseille emprunt 1863 Lyon Méditerranée 3 0/6 j.j Midi, jouissance j. 3 0,0. Paris Lyon, Méditerranée 3 0,0 d.. Romains jouissance j Saragesse à Pumpeltine, j. 0 Immobilière de Paris j. j Fnussinet et comp.. j. j tiar-Roubun R.G.Rostand et C*(nouv.) Maunn et coma Rattiu. Emsens et coma Uttom m » 1*41 |.J Emprunt Mexicain 6 0/o G3 75 S) 05 00 85 90 66 <5 30 66 40 5Q 43 — — — — 68 10 68 15 67 60 70 75 70 75 67 95 90 85 93 68 67 80 68 10 04 10 1$ (. i 83 90 93 «JO 85 90 85 68 35 40 43 97 50 302 50 801 25 800 301 23 283 75 292 50 291 25 226 25 227 50 567 50 568 75 562 50 360— — — — 342 50 345 343 75 345 — 337 50 836 25 63 1,4 DERNIÈRES NOUVELLES.Londres, vendredi 23 septembre. Le Tmiesdit que 1 émeute de Turin justifie les atermoiements de l'Empereur Napoléon relativement à 1 arrangement de la question romaine.Le Daily-News pense qu’on consentant à abandonner Turin comme capitale de l'Italie, on peutêtre assuré que le roi Victor-Emmanuel cède à une suprême nécessité.Paris, 23 septembre. La France, à l’occasion de la translation de la capitale de i Italie à Florence, dit qu’autre chose que la question romaine existe dans 1 acte qui vient de s'accomplir. Les préoccupations et les craintes de l’Italie viennent de l’attitude de l'Autriche, de ses dispositions militaires sur les frontières, des éventualités de ses alliances, accréditées par les entrevues de Kissengeu et de Carlsbad.L’Autriche pourrait dénouer de suite toutes ces complications, en abdiquant toute arrière-pensée ambitieuse à l'égard de 1 Italie, comme 1 Italie vient de le faire a 1 regard de Rome, en reconnaissant les faits accomplis, en réglant enfin pacifiquement la question de Venise, qui est une menacepermanente «le troubles eh Europe.IMrls, 23 septembre. Le Pays assure que M. de Sartiges, ambassadeurà Rome, a remis hier , au cardinal Antonelli, la dépêche de M. Drouyn de Lhuys, faisant connaître au gouvernement pontifical la convention francoitalienne du là septembre, ratifiée le 20.Madrid, 23 septembre. La reine a rendu un décret dissolvant le congrès Les «dédions auront lieu le 22 novembre.Amnistie [tour tous les délits de prisse.stiitigard. 23 septembre. ('.Rangement de ministère.Turin. 23 septembre. Le roi a chargé le général La Marmora de forme' un ministère. Lu décret dissout la Compagnie des gardes d«> sûreté. La tranquillité est parfait • vt définitivement rétablie.Turin, 23septembre. La journée d’hier a été tranquille. Dans la soirée, (les troubles se sont renouvelés. Il y a un iL* cris séditieux , des attroupements , des cou[is de feu.
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//
// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit) (Debug version compiled Sep 17 2017 16:24:48).
//
// class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2015 by Steve Nygard.
//
#import "GOOBaseContentView.h"
@class UILabel, UIView;
@protocol GAVChart;
@interface JETRealtimeTrafficAplosGraphContentView : GOOBaseContentView
{
UIView<GAVChart> *_chartView;
UILabel *_bandwidthScaleLabel;
}
+ (double)heightForObject:(id)arg1 constrainedToWidth:(double)arg2;
@property(retain, nonatomic) UILabel *bandwidthScaleLabel; // @synthesize bandwidthScaleLabel=_bandwidthScaleLabel;
@property(retain, nonatomic) UIView<GAVChart> *chartView; // @synthesize chartView=_chartView;
- (void).cxx_destruct;
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(13) Ako su proizvodi obuhvaćeni sporazumom o specijalizaciji poluproizvodi koje jedan ili više sudionika u cijelosti ili djelomično upotrebljavaju ograničeno kao input za vlastitu proizvodnju proizvoda na kraju proizvodnog lanca koje zatim prodaju na tržištu, izuzeće predviđeno ovom Uredbom također bi trebalo biti uvjetovano time da tržišni udjel koji sudionici ostvaruju na mjerodavnom tržištu tih proizvoda na kraju proizvodnog lanca ne prelazi određenu razinu. U tom slučaju, razmatranjem tržišnog udjela sudionika samo na razini poluproizvoda zanemario bi se potencijalni rizik zatvaranja tržišta ili povećanja cijena inputa za konkurente koji posluju na razini proizvoda na kraju proizvodnog lanca. (14) Ne postoji pretpostavka ni da su sporazumi o specijalizaciji obuhvaćeni člankom 101. stavkom 1. Ugovora, ni da oni ne ispunjavaju uvjete iz članka 101. stavka 3. Ugovora u slučaju prelaska praga tržišnog udjela utvrđenog ovog Uredbom ili neispunjenja ostalih uvjeta iz ove Uredbe. U takvim je slučajevima potrebno provesti pojedinačnu ocjenu sporazuma o specijalizaciji u skladu s člankom 101. Ugovora. (15) Ovom Uredbom ne bi se trebali izuzimati sporazumi koji sadržavaju ograničenja koja nisu prijeko potrebna kako bi se postigli pozitivni učinci proizašli iz sporazuma o specijalizaciji. U načelu, sporazumi koji sadržavaju određene vrste strogih ograničenja tržišnog natjecanja, kao što su dogovori o cijenama koje se zaračunavaju trećim stranama, ograničenje obujma proizvodnje ili prodaje, i podjelu tržišta ili klijenata, trebaju biti isključeni iz pogodnosti izuzeća koje se utvrđuje ovom Uredbom bez obzira na tržišni udjel sudionika. (16) Prag tržišnog udjela, isključenje određenih sporazuma iz pogodnosti izuzeća i uvjeti predviđeni u ovoj Uredbi općenito osiguravaju da sporazumi na koje se primjenjuje skupno izuzeće ne omoguće sudionicima uklanjanje konkurenata u odnosu na znatan dio dotične robe ili usluga. (17) U ovoj bi Uredbi trebalo navesti tipične situacije u kojima se može smatrati primjerenim ukinuti pogodnost izuzeća predviđenog ovom Uredbom, u skladu s člankom 29. Uredbe Vijeća (EZ) br. 1/2003 (4). (18) Kako bi se olakšalo sklapanje sporazumâ o specijalizaciji, što se može odraziti na strukturu sudionika sporazuma, razdoblje valjanosti ove Uredbe treba odrediti na 12 godina, DONIJELA JE OVU UREDBU: Članak 1. Definicije 1. Za potrebe ove Uredbe, primjenjuju se sljedeće definicije: 1. „sporazum o specijalizaciji” znači jednostrani sporazum o specijalizaciji, uzajamni sporazum o specijalizaciji ili sporazum o zajedničkoj proizvodnji; (a) „jednostrani sporazum o specijalizaciji” znači sporazum između dvaju ili više sudionika koji djeluju na istom proizvodnom tržištu i na temelju kojeg jedan ili više sudionika pristaju u cijelosti ili djelomično prestati proizvoditi određene proizvode ili se suzdržavati od proizvodnje tih proizvoda, odnosno kupovati te proizvode od drugog sudionika ili više njih, koji ih pristaju proizvoditi i isporučivati; (b) „uzajamni sporazum o specijalizaciji” znači sporazum između dvaju ili više sudionika koji djeluju na istom proizvodnom tržištu i na temelju kojeg dva ili više sudionika sporazuma na uzajamnoj osnovi pristaju u cijelosti ili djelomično prestati proizvoditi ili se suzdržati od proizvodnje određenih ali različitih proizvoda, odnosno kupovati te proizvode od jednog ili više drugih sudionika, koji ih pristaju proizvoditi i isporučivati; (c) „sporazum o zajedničkoj proizvodnji” znači sporazum na temelju kojeg dva ili više sudionika zajednički proizvode određene proizvode; 2. „sporazum” znači sporazum između poduzetnika, odluka udruženja poduzetnika ili usklađeno djelovanje; 3. „proizvod” znači roba ili usluga, uključujući i polugotovu robu ili usluge i gotovu robu ili usluge, uz iznimku usluga distribucije i iznajmljivanja; 4. „proizvodnja” znači proizvodnja robe ili priprema usluga i uključuje proizvodnju putem podizvođača; 5. „priprema usluga” znači aktivnosti koje u dobavnom lancu prethode pružanju usluga klijentima; 6. „proizvod koji je predmet specijalizacije” znači proizvod koji se proizvodi na temelju sporazuma o specijalizaciji; 7. „proizvod na kraju proizvodnog lanca” znači proizvod za koji jedan ili više sudionika sporazuma kao input koristi proizvod koji je predmet specijalizacije i koji ti sudionici prodaju na tržištu; 8. „mjerodavno tržište” znači mjerodavno proizvodno i zemljopisno tržište kojem pripadaju proizvodi koji su predmet specijalizacije i, dodatno, ako su ti proizvodi poluproizvodi koje jedan ili više sudionika u cijelosti ili djelomično upotrebljavaju ograničeno kao input za proizvodnju proizvoda na kraju proizvodnog lanca, to je mjerodavno proizvodno i zemljopisno tržište kojem pripadaju ti proizvodi na kraju proizvodnog lanca; 9. „konkurentski poduzetnik” znači stvaran ili potencijalan konkurent; (a) „stvarni konkurent” znači poduzetnik koji djeluje na istom mjerodavnom tržištu; (b) „potencijalan konkurent” znači poduzetnik koji bi vjerojatno, u slučaju nepostojanja sporazuma o specijalizaciji, na stvarnim osnovama, a ne samo kao puka teoretska mogućnost, u roku ne duljem od 3 godine poduzeo neophodna dodatna ulaganja ili druge potrebne troškove kako bi ušao na mjerodavno tržište; 10. „obveza isključive opskrbe” znači obveza neopskrbljivanja konkurentskog poduzetnika, već samo sudionika sporazuma o specijalizaciji, proizvodima koji su predmet specijalizacije; 11. „obveza isključive kupnje” znači obveza kupovanja proizvoda koji su predmet specijalizacije samo od sudionika sporazuma o specijalizaciji; 12. „zajedničko” u kontekstu distribucije znači aktivnosti koje je: (a) izvršio zajednički tim, organizacija ili poduzetnik; ili (b) izvršio neovisan zajednički imenovan distributer, na isključivoj ili neisključivoj osnovi, uz uvjet da nije konkurent; 13. „distribucija” znači prodaja i isporuka proizvoda koji su predmet specijalizacije klijentima, uključujući komercijalizaciju tih proizvoda. 2. Za potrebe ove Uredbe izrazi „poduzetnik” i „sudionik” uključuju njihove pripadajuće povezane poduzetnike. Izraz „povezani poduzetnici” znači: 1. poduzetnici u kojima sudionik sporazuma o specijalizaciji izravno ili neizravno ima jedno ili više sljedećih prava ili ovlasti: (a) vlasništvo nad natpolovičnom većinom glasačkih prava; (b) ovlasti za imenovanje natpolovične većine članova nadzornog odbora, upravnog odbora ili tijela koja pravno zastupaju poduzetnika; (c) pravo vođenja poslovanja poduzeća; 2. poduzetnici koji izravno ili neizravno imaju jedno ili više prava ili ovlasti nad sudionikom sporazuma o specijalizaciji iz točke 1. ; 3. poduzetnici u kojima poduzetnik iz točke 2. izravno ili neizravno ima jedno ili više prava ili ovlasti iz točke 1. ; 4. poduzetnici u kojima sudionik sporazuma o specijalizaciji zajedno s jednim ili više poduzetnika iz točkama 1. , 2. ili 3. , ili u kojima dva ili više tih poduzetnika zajednički imaju jedno ili više prava ili ovlasti iz točke 1. ; 5. poduzetnici u kojima jedno ili više prava ili ovlasti iz točke 1. zajednički drže: (a) sudionici sporazuma o specijalizaciji ili njihovi odnosni povezani poduzetnici navedeni u točkama od 1. do 4. ; (b) jedan ili više sudionika sporazuma o specijalizaciji ili jedan ili više njihovih povezanih poduzetnika navedenih u točkama 1. do 4. i jedna ili više trećih strana. Članak 2. Izuzeće 1. U skladu s člankom 101. stavkom 3. Ugovora i podložno odredbama ove Uredbe, članak 101. stavak 1. Ugovora ne primjenjuje se na sporazume o specijalizaciji. 2. Izuzeće iz stavka 1. primjenjuje se ako takvi sporazumi sadržavaju ograničenja tržišnog natjecanja koja su obuhvaćena područjem primjene članka 101. stavka 1. 3. Izuzeće iz stavka 1. primjenjuje se i na sporazume o specijalizaciji koji uključuju odredbe o ustupanju ili licenciranju prava intelektualnog vlasništva jednom ili više sudionika, pod uvjetom da se te odredbe izravno odnose na provedbu sporazuma te da su nužne za takvu provedbu te da ne predstavljaju glavni predmet sporazuma. 4. Izuzeće iz stavka 1. također se primjenjuje na sporazume o specijalizaciji, kod kojih: (a) sudionici prihvaćaju obvezu isključive kupnje ili isključive opskrbe; ili (b) stranke zajednički distribuiraju proizvode koji su predmet specijalizacije. Članak 3. Prag tržišnog udjela 1. Izuzeće iz članka 2. primjenjuje se pod uvjetom da zbrojeni tržišni udjel sudionika ne prelazi 20 % tržišnog udjela na mjerodavnom tržištu/tržištima kojima pripadaju proizvodi koji su predmet specijalizacije. 2. Ako su proizvodi koji su predmet specijalizacije poluproizvodi koje jedan ili više sudionika u cijelosti ili djelomično upotrebljavaju ograničeno kao input za proizvodnju proizvoda na kraju proizvodnog lanca, koje također prodaju, izuzeće predviđeno u članku 2. primjenjuje se samo ako su ispunjena oba sljedeća uvjeta: (a) zajednički tržišni udjel sudionika ne prelazi 20 % na mjerodavnim tržištima kojima pripadaju proizvodi koji su predmet specijalizacije; (b) zajednički tržišni udjel ne prelazi 20 % na mjerodavnim tržištima kojima pripadaju proizvodi na kraju proizvodnog lanca. Članak 4. Primjena praga tržišnog udjela Za potrebe primjene praga tržišnog udjela iz članka 3. primjenjuju se sljedeća pravila: (a) tržišni udjeli izračunavaju se na temelju vrijednosti prihoda od prodaje na tržištu; ako ti podaci nisu dostupni mogu se koristiti procjene koje se temelje na drugim pouzdanim podacima o tržištu, uključujući količine robe prodane na tržištu; (b) tržišni udjeli izračunavaju se na temelju podataka koji se odnose na prethodnu kalendarsku godinu, ili, ako prethodna kalendarska godina nije reprezentativna za položaj sudionika na mjerodavnom tržištu ili tržištima, tržišni udjel izračunava se kao prosjek tržišnih udjela sudionika u 3 prethodne kalendarske godine; (c) tržišni udjel koji drže poduzetnici navedeni u članku 1. stavku 2. točki 5. jednako se dijeli na sve poduzetnike koji imaju jedno ili više prava ili ovlasti navedenih u članku 1. stavku 2. točki 1. ; (d) ako tržišni udjeli iz članka 3. početno nisu veći od 20 %, ali kasnije dosegnu tu razinu na barem jednom od mjerodavnih tržišta, izuzeće predviđeno u članku 2. i dalje se primjenjuje na razdoblje od 2 uzastopne kalendarske godine nakon godine u kojoj je prag od 20 % prvi put prijeđen. Članak 5. Teška ograničenja Izuzeće predviđeno u članku 2. ne primjenjuje se na sporazume o specijalizaciji koji, izravno ili neizravno, samostalno ili zajednički s drugim čimbenicima pod kontrolom sudionika, za svoj cilj imaju: (a) utvrđivanje cijena pri prodaji proizvoda koji su predmet specijalizacije trećim stranama uz iznimku određivanja cijena koje se zaračunavaju neposrednim klijentima u kontekstu zajedničke distribucije; (b) ograničenje proizvodnje ili prodaje uz iznimku: i. odredbi o dogovorenoj količini proizvoda u kontekstu jednostranih ili uzajamnih sporazuma o specijalizaciji; ii. određivanje kapaciteta i obujma proizvodnje u kontekstu sporazuma o zajedničkoj proizvodnji; iii. određivanja ciljanih prihoda od prodaje u kontekstu zajedničke distribucije; (c) podjelu tržišta ili klijenata. Članak 6. Ukidanje pogodnosti u pojedinačnim slučajevima od strane Komisije 1. Ako u pojedinačnom slučaju Komisija utvrdi da sporazum o specijalizaciji na koji se primjenjuje izuzeće predviđeno u ovoj Uredbi ipak ima učinke koji nisu spojivi s člankom 101. stavkom 3. Ugovora, ona može ukinuti pogodnost izuzeća iz ove Uredbe na temelju članka 29. stavka 1. Uredbe (EZ) br. 1/2003. 2. Komisija može ukinuti pogodnost izuzeća iz ove Uredbe u skladu s člankom 29. stavkom 1. Uredbe (EZ) br. 1/2003, posebno ako je mjerodavno tržište vrlo koncentrirano i tržišno je natjecanje već slabo, primjerice zbog jednog ili više sljedećih razloga: (a) pojedinačnih tržišnih položaja drugih sudionika na tržištu; (b) veza između drugih sudionika na tržištu stvorenih paralelnim sporazumima o specijalizaciji; (c) veza između sudionika i drugih sudionika na tržištu. Članak 7. Ukidanje pogodnosti u pojedinačnim slučajevima od strane tijela države članice nadležnog za tržišno natjecanje Tijelo države članice nadležno za tržišno natjecanje može ukinuti pogodnost izuzeća iz ove Uredbe ako su ispunjeni uvjeti iz članka 29. stavka 2. Uredbe (EZ) br. 1/2003. Članak 8. Prijelazno razdoblje Zabrana utvrđena u članku 101. stavku 1. Ugovora ne primjenjuje se u razdoblju od 1. srpnja 2023. do 30. lipnja 2025. na sporazume koji su već bili na snazi od 30. lipnja 2023. , a ne ispunjavaju uvjete za izuzeće iz ove Uredbe već ispunjavaju uvjete za izuzeće iz Uredbe (EU) br. 1218/2010. Članak 9. Stupanje na snagu i primjena Ova Uredba stupa na snagu 1. srpnja 2023. Primjenjuje se do 30. lipnja 2035. Ova je Uredba u cijelosti obvezujuća i izravno se primjenjuje u svim državama članicama. Sastavljeno u Bruxellesu 1. lipnja 2023. Za Komisiju Predsjednica Ursula VON DER LEYEN (1) SL L 285, 29. 12. 1971. , str. 46. (2) SL C 120, 15. 3. 2022. , str. 1. (3) Uredba Komisije (EU) br. L_2023143SK. 01002001. xml 2. 6. 2023 SK Úradný vestník Európskej únie L 143/20 NARIADENIE KOMISIE (EÚ) 2023/1067 z 1. júna 2023 o uplatňovaní článku 101 ods. 3 Zmluvy o fungovaní Európskej únie na určité kategórie dohôd o špecializácii (Text s významom pre EHP) EURÓPSKA KOMISIA, so zreteľom na Zmluvu o fungovaní Európskej únie, so zreteľom na nariadenie Rady (EHS) č. 2821/71 z 20. decembra 1971 o uplatňovaní článku 85 ods. 3 zmluvy na kategórie dohôd, rozhodnutí a zosúladených postupov (1), a najmä na jeho článok 1 ods. 1 písm. c), po uverejnení návrhu tohto nariadenia (2), po konzultácii s Poradným výborom pre obmedzujúce postupy a dominantné postavenie, keďže: (1) Nariadením (EHS) č. 2821/71 sa Komisia splnomocňuje uplatňovať prostredníctvom nariadenia článok 101 ods. 3 zmluvy na určité kategórie dohôd, rozhodnutí a zosúladených postupov, ktoré patria do rozsahu pôsobnosti článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy a ktorých predmetom je špecializácia, a to vrátane dohôd potrebných na dosiahnutie takejto špecializácie. (2) V nariadení Komisie (EÚ) č. 1218/2010 (3) sa vymedzujú kategórie dohôd o špecializácii, ktoré podľa Komisie zvyčajne spĺňajú podmienky stanovené v článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy. Uvedené nariadenie stráca účinnosť 30. júna 2023. Vzhľadom na celkovú pozitívnu skúsenosť s uplatňovaním uvedeného nariadenia a po zohľadnení výsledkov hodnotenia daného nariadenia je vhodné prijať nové nariadenie o skupinovej výnimke. (3) Cieľom tohto nariadenia je zabezpečiť účinnú hospodársku súťaž a poskytnúť primeranú právnu istotu podnikom. Pri sledovaní týchto cieľov by sa mala zohľadňovať potreba čo najviac zjednodušiť administratívny dohľad a legislatívny rámec. (4) Na účely uplatňovania článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy prostredníctvom nariadenia nie je potrebné vymedziť tie dohody, ktoré môžu patriť do rozsahu pôsobnosti článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy. Pri individuálnom posudzovaní dohôd podľa článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy sa musí zohľadniť niekoľko faktorov, a najmä štruktúra relevantného trhu. (5) Výhoda vyplývajúca z výnimky stanovenej týmto nariadením by sa mala obmedzovať len na tie dohody, v prípade ktorých možno s dostatočnou istotou predpokladať, že spĺňajú podmienky stanovené v článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy. Pod určitou úrovňou trhovej sily možno na účely uplatňovania článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy vo všeobecnosti predpokladať, že pozitívne účinky dohôd o špecializácii prevážia nad akýmikoľvek negatívnymi účinkami na hospodársku súťaž. (6) Toto nariadenie by sa malo uplatňovať na dohody týkajúce sa výroby tovaru a prípravy služieb. Príprava služieb sa týka činností, ktorých vykonávanie predchádza poskytovaniu služieb zákazníkom (napríklad spolupráca pri vytváraní alebo prevádzke platformy, prostredníctvom ktorej sa služba bude poskytovať). Poskytovanie služieb zákazníkom nepatrí do rozsahu pôsobnosti tohto nariadenia s výnimkou prípadov, keď sa zmluvné strany dohodnú na spoločnom poskytovaní služieb pripravených na základe dohody o špecializácii. (7) Dohody o špecializácii s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou prispejú k vylepšeniu výroby tovaru alebo prípravy služieb a ich distribúcie vtedy, ak sa zmluvné strany dopĺňajú vo svojich zručnostiach, prostriedkoch alebo činnostiach, pretože v takom prípade im dohoda umožní sústrediť sa na výrobu určitého tovaru alebo prípravu určitých služieb, a teda fungovať efektívnejšie a dodávať tieto produkty lacnejšie. Je pravdepodobné, že pri účinnej hospodárskej súťaži spotrebitelia získajú spravodlivý podiel na výhodách, ktoré sa vďaka nej dosiahnu. (8) Tieto výhody môžu vyplývať po prvé z dohôd, na základe ktorých sa jedna alebo viac zmluvných strán úplne alebo čiastočne vzdáva výroby určitého tovaru alebo prípravy určitých služieb v prospech inej zmluvnej strany alebo zmluvných strán (ďalej len „jednostranná špecializácia“); po druhé z dohôd, na základe ktorých sa dve alebo viac zmluvných strán úplne alebo čiastočne vzdáva výroby určitého, ale odlišného tovaru, alebo prípravy určitých, ale odlišných služieb, v prospech inej zmluvnej strany alebo zmluvných strán (ďalej len „recipročná špecializácia“), a po tretie z dohôd, na základe ktorých sa dve alebo viaceré zmluvné strany zaväzujú spoločne vyrábať určitý tovar alebo pripravovať určité služby (ďalej len „spoločná výroba“). (9) Uplatňovanie tohto nariadenia na dohody o jednostrannej a recipročnej špecializácii by sa malo obmedziť na scenáre, keď zmluvné strany pôsobia na tom istom trhu s produktmi. Nie je však nutné, aby zmluvné strany pôsobili na rovnakom geografickom trhu. Navyše koncepcia jednostrannej špecializácie a koncepcia recipročnej špecializácie by si nemali vyžadovať, aby jedna zmluvná strana znížila svoju kapacitu, pretože stačí, ak zmluvné strany znížia svoje výrobné objemy. (10) Aby sa zabezpečilo, že sa výhody špecializácie zhmotnia bez toho, aby jedna zmluvná strana úplne opustila trh nadväzujúci na výrobu, toto nariadenie by sa malo vzťahovať na dohody o jednostrannej a recipročnej špecializácii len vtedy, keď sa v nich stanovujú záväzky týkajúce sa dodávok a nákupu. Záväzky týkajúce sa dodávok a nákupu môžu, ale nemusia mať výlučný charakter. (11) Toto nariadenie by sa malo vzťahovať na dohody o spoločnej výrobe uzavreté zmluvnými stranami, ktoré už pôsobia na tom istom trhu s produktmi, ale aj zmluvnými stranami, ktoré chcú vstúpiť na trh s produktmi prostredníctvom dohody o spoločnej výrobe. Koncepcia dohody o spoločnej výrobe by si nemala vyžadovať, aby zmluvné strany obmedzili svoje individuálne činnosti týkajúce sa výroby tovaru alebo prípravy služieb mimo rozsahu pôsobnosti svojej zamýšľanej spoločnej dohody. (12) Možno predpokladať, že ak podiel zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu s produktmi, ktoré sú predmetom dohody o špecializácii, neprekročí určitú úroveň, táto dohoda spravidla prinesie hospodárske výhody vo forme úspor z rozsahu alebo zo sortimentu, alebo vo forme lepších výrobných technológií a zároveň poskytne spotrebiteľom spravodlivý podiel na výhodách, ktoré z týchto dohôd vyplývajú. (13) Ak sú produkty, na ktoré sa vzťahuje dohoda o špecializácii, medziproduktmi, ktoré jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany úplne alebo čiastočne používajú na vlastnú spotrebu ako vstup pre svoju vlastnú výrobu nadväzujúcich produktov, ktoré tieto strany následne predávajú na trhu, výnimka udelená týmto nariadením by sa mala podmieniť aj tým, že podiel zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu s týmito nadväzujúcimi produktmi nesmie prekročiť určitú úroveň. Zohľadniť trhový podiel zmluvných strán len na úrovni medziproduktu by v takom prípade znamenalo ignorovať potenciálne riziko uzavretia trhu alebo zvýšenia cien vstupov pre konkurentov na úrovni nadväzujúcich produktov. (14) Nemožno automaticky predpokladať, že dohody o špecializácii buď patria do rozsahu pôsobnosti článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy, alebo podmienky stanovené v článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy nespĺňajú, ak sa prekročí hraničný trhový podiel stanovený v tomto nariadení alebo ak nie sú splnené iné podmienky podľa tohto nariadenia. V takých prípadoch je potrebné individuálne posúdiť dohodu o špecializácii na základe článku 101 zmluvy. (15) Výnimka zavedená týmto nariadením by sa nemala uplatňovať nadohody obsahujúce obmedzenia, ktoré nie sú nevyhnutné na dosiahnutie pozitívnych účinkov vyplývajúcich z dohôd o špecializácii. V zásade by z využívania výnimky stanovenej týmto nariadením, a to bez ohľadu na trhový podiel zmluvných strán, mali byť vylúčené dohody, ktoré obsahujú určité druhy závažných obmedzení hospodárskej súťaže, ako je stanovovanie cien účtovaných tretím stranám, obmedzenie produkcie alebo predaja, ako aj rozdelenie trhov alebo zákazníkov. (16) Hraničný trhový podiel, neudelenie výnimky pre určité dohody a podmienky stanovené v tomto nariadení zvyčajne zabezpečujú, že dohody, na ktoré sa skupinová výnimka vzťahuje, neumožňujú zmluvným stranám vylúčiť hospodársku súťaž vo vzťahu k podstatnej časti predmetného tovaru alebo služieb. (17) V tomto nariadení by sa mali uviesť typické situácie, v ktorých by sa mohlo považovať za vhodné odňať výhodu ním zavedenej výnimky podľa článku 29 nariadenia Rady (ES) č. 1/2003 (4). (18) S cieľom uľahčiť uzatváranie dohôd o špecializácii, ktoré môžu mať vplyv na štruktúru zmluvných strán, by sa obdobie platnosti tohto nariadenia malo stanoviť na 12 rokov, PRIJALA TOTO NARIADENIE: Článok 1 Vymedzenie pojmov 1. Na účely tohto nariadenia sa uplatňuje toto vymedzenie pojmov: 1. „dohoda o špecializácii“ je dohoda o jednostrannej špecializácii, dohoda o recipročnej špecializácii alebo dohoda o spoločnej výrobe; a) „dohoda o jednostrannej špecializácii“ je dohoda medzi dvoma alebo viacerými zmluvnými stranami pôsobiacimi na tom istom trhu s produktmi, podľa ktorej sa jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany dohodnú, že úplne alebo čiastočne prestanú vyrábať určité produkty alebo sa zdržia výroby týchto produktov a budú ich kupovať od inej zmluvnej strany alebo zmluvných strán, ktoré sa dohodnú na tom, že tieto produkty budú vyrábať a dodávať; b) „dohoda o recipročnej špecializácii“ je dohoda medzi dvoma alebo viacerými zmluvnými stranami pôsobiacimi na tom istom trhu s produktmi, podľa ktorej sa dve alebo viaceré zmluvné strany na recipročnom základe dohodnú, že úplne alebo čiastočne prestanú vyrábať určité, ale odlišné produkty, alebo sa zdržia ich výroby a budú tieto produkty kupovať od jednej alebo viacerých iných zmluvných strán, ktoré sa dohodnú na tom, že ich budú vyrábať a dodávať; c) „dohoda o spoločnej výrobe“ je dohoda, podľa ktorej sa dve alebo viaceré zmluvné strany dohodnú na tom, že budú určité produkty vyrábať spoločne; 2. „dohoda“ je dohoda medzi podnikmi, rozhodnutie združenia podnikov alebo zosúladený postup; 3. „produkt“ je tovar alebo služba vrátane medziproduktov alebo služieb, ktoré sú medzistupňom finálnych služieb, a finálnych tovarov alebo služieb, s výnimkou distribúcie a služieb prenájmu; 4. „výroba“ je výroba tovaru alebo príprava služieb, a to aj prostredníctvom využívania subdodávateľov; 5. „príprava služieb“ sú činnosti, ktoré sa vykonávajú pred poskytovaním služieb zákazníkom; 6. „produkt špecializácie“ je produkt, ktorý sa vyrába na základe dohody o špecializácii; 7. „nadväzujúci produkt“ je produkt, na výrobu ktorého jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany používajú ako vstup produkt špecializácie a ktorý tieto strany predávajú na trhu; 8. „relevantný trh“ je relevantný trh s produktmi a relevantný geografický trh, na ktoré patria produkty špecializácie, pričom ak sú produkty špecializácie medziproduktmi, ktoré jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany úplne alebo čiastočne využívajú na vlastnú spotrebu na výrobu nadväzujúcich produktov, ide o relevantný trh s produktmi a relevantný geografický trh, na ktoré patria nadväzujúce produkty; 9. „konkurenčný podnik“ je skutočný alebo potenciálny konkurent; a) „skutočný konkurent“ je podnik, ktorý pôsobí na tom istom relevantnom trhu; b) „potenciálny konkurent“ je podnik, ktorý by v prípade neexistencie dohody o špecializácii reálne, a nielen ako o čisto teoretickej možnosti, uvažoval o tom, že v horizonte najviac 3 rokov vynaloží nevyhnutné dodatočné investície alebo iné nevyhnutné náklady na vstup na relevantný trh; 10. „záväzok výhradných dodávok“ je záväzok nedodávať produkty špecializácie inému konkurenčnému podniku, než je zmluvná strana alebo zmluvné strany dohody o špecializácii; 11. „záväzok výhradného nákupu“ je záväzok nakupovať produkty špecializácie iba od zmluvnej strany alebo zmluvných strán dohody o špecializácii; 12. „spoločné“ v kontexte distribúcie sú činnosti, pri ktorých súvisiacu prácu: a) vykonáva spoločným tím, organizácia alebo podnik alebo b) realizuje spoločne vymenovaný distribútor tretej strany na výhradnom alebo nevýhradnom základe, pod podmienkou, že táto tretia strana nie je konkurenčným podnikom; 13. „distribúcia“ je predaj a dodávka produktov špecializácie zákazníkom vrátane komercializácie uvedených produktov. 2. Na účely tohto nariadenia pojmy „podnik“ a „zmluvná strana“ zahŕňajú príslušné s nimi prepojené podniky. „Prepojené podniky“ sú: 1. podniky, v ktorých má zmluvná strana dohody o špecializácii priamo alebo nepriamo jedno alebo viacero z týchto práv alebo právomocí: a) právomoc vykonávať viac ako polovicu hlasovacích práv; b) právomoc menovať viac ako polovicu členov dozornej rady, správnej rady alebo orgánov, ktoré právne zastupujú podnik; c) právo riadiť záležitosti podniku; 2. podniky, ktoré môžu priamo alebo nepriamo vykonávať jedno alebo viacero práv alebo právomocí uvedených v pododseku 1 nad niektorou zmluvnou stranou dohody o špecializácii; 3. podniky, v ktorých má podnik uvedený v pododseku 2 priamo alebo nepriamo jedno alebo viacero práv alebo právomocí uvedených v pododseku 1; 4. podniky, v ktorých má jedna zo zmluvných strán dohody o špecializácii spolu s jedným alebo viacerými podnikmi uvedenými v pododsekoch 1, 2 alebo 3 alebo v ktorých majú dva alebo viaceré uvedené podniky spoločne jedno alebo viacero práv alebo právomocí uvedených pododseku 1; 5. podniky, v ktorých majú jedno alebo viacero práv alebo právomocí uvedených v pododseku 1 spoločne: a) zmluvné strany dohody o špecializácii alebo ich príslušné prepojené podniky uvedené v pododsekoch 1 až 4; alebo b) jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany dohody o špecializácii alebo jeden alebo viaceré ich prepojené podniky uvedené v pododsekoch 1 až 4 a jedna alebo viaceré tretie strany. Článok 2 Výnimka 1. Podľa článku 101 ods. 3 zmluvy a s výhradou ustanovení tohto nariadenia sa článok 101 ods. 1 zmluvynevzťahuje na dohody o špecializácii. 2. Výnimka zavedená v odseku 1 sa uplatňuje, pokiaľ takéto dohody obsahujú obmedzenia hospodárskej súťaže, ktoré patria do rozsahu pôsobnosti článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy. 3. Výnimka zavedená v odseku 1 sa vzťahuje aj na dohody o špecializácii, ktoré obsahujú ustanovenia o postúpení práv duševného vlastníctva alebo udeľovaní licencií na tieto práva jednej alebo viacerým zmluvným stranám, pokiaľ tieto ustanovenia priamo súvisia s vykonávaním danej dohody a sú pre toto vykonávanie nevyhnutné a pokiaľ nepredstavujú hlavný cieľ danej dohody. 4. Výnimka zavedená v odseku 1 sa vzťahuje na dohody o špecializácii aj vtedy, keď: a) zmluvné strany prijmú záväzok výhradného nákupu alebo záväzok výhradných dodávok alebo b) zmluvné strany spoločne distribuujú produkty špecializácie. Článok 3 Hraničný trhový podiel 1. Výnimka zavedená v článku 2 platí pod podmienkou, že spoločný trhový podiel zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu (relevantných trhoch), na ktorý (ktoré) produkty špecializácie patria, neprekračuje 20 %. 2. Ak sú produkty špecializácie medziproduktmi, ktoré jedna alebo viaceré zmluvné strany úplne alebo čiastočne používajú na vlastnú spotrebu ako vstupy na výrobu nadväzujúcich produktov, ktoré zároveň predávajú, výnimka zavedená v článku 2 sa uplatňuje len vtedy, ak sú splnené obe tieto podmienky: a) spoločný trhový podiel zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu (relevantných trhoch), na ktorý (ktoré) patria produkty špecializácie, nepresahuje 20 %; b) spoločný trhový podiel zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu (relevantných trhoch), na ktorý (ktoré) patria nadväzujúce produkty, nepresahuje 20 %. Článok 4 Uplatňovanie hraničného trhového podielu Na účely uplatňovania hraničného trhového podielu stanoveného v článku 3 platia tieto pravidlá: a) trhové podiely sa vypočítajú na základe hodnoty predaja na trhu; ak údaje o hodnote predaja na trhu nie sú dostupné, môžu sa použiť odhady založené na iných spoľahlivých informáciách o trhu vrátane objemu predaja na trhu; b) trhové podiely sa vypočítajú na základe údajov za predchádzajúci kalendárny rok alebo ak predchádzajúci kalendárny rok nie je z hľadiska postavenia zmluvných strán na relevantnom trhu (relevantných trhoch) reprezentatívny, trhové podiely sa vypočítajú ako priemer trhových podielov zmluvných strán za 3 predchádzajúce kalendárne roky; c) trhový podiel, ktorý majú podniky uvedené v článku 1 ods. 2 pododseku 5, sa rovnomerne rozdelí na každý podnik, ktorý má jedno alebo viac práv alebo právomocí uvedených v článku 1 ods. 2 pododseku 1; d) ak trhové podiely uvedené v článku 3 pôvodne nie sú väčšie ako 20 %, ale následne stúpnu nad túto úroveň minimálne na jednom z relevantných trhov, výnimka zavedená v článku 2 platí aj naďalej počas obdobia 2 po sebe idúcich kalendárnych rokov nasledujúcich po roku, v ktorom bola úroveň 20 % po prvýkrát prekročená. Článok 5 Veľmi závažné obmedzenia hospodárskej súťaže Výnimka zavedená v článku 2 sa nevzťahuje na dohody o špecializácii, ktoré priamo alebo nepriamo, samostatne alebo v kombinácii s inými faktormi pod kontrolou zmluvných strán dohody majú za cieľ ktorékoľvek z týchto obmedzení: a) stanovovanie cien pri predaji produktov špecializácie tretím stranám, s výnimkou stanovovania cien účtovaných bezprostredným zákazníkom v rámci spoločnej distribúcie; b) obmedzenie produkcie alebo predaja, s výnimkou: i) ustanovení o dohodnutom množstve produktov v rámci dohôd o jednostrannej alebo recipročnej špecializácii; ii) stanovenia kapacity a objemu výroby v rámci dohody o spoločnej výrobe; iii) stanovenia cieľov predaja v rámci spoločnej distribúcie; c) rozdelenie trhov alebo zákazníkov. Článok 6 Jednotlivé prípady odňatia výhody Európskou komisiou 1. Komisia môže podľa článku 29 ods. 1 nariadenia (ES) č. 1/2003 odňať výhodu výnimky zavedenej týmto nariadením vtedy, ak v ktoromkoľvek konkrétnom prípade zistí, že dohoda o špecializácii, na ktorú sa vzťahuje výnimka zavedená týmto nariadením, má napriek tomu účinky, ktoré nie sú zlučiteľné s článkom 101 ods. 3 zmluvy. 2. Komisia môže podľa článku 29 ods. 1 nariadenia (ES) č. 1/2003 odňať výhodu výnimky zavedenej týmto nariadením najmä vtedy, ak je relevantný trh vysoko koncentrovaný a hospodárska súťaž je už slabá, napríklad v dôsledku jedného alebo viacerých z týchto faktorov: a) individuálne trhové pozície ostatných účastníkov trhu; b) prepojenia medzi ostatnými účastníkmi trhu, ktoré vznikli na základe paralelných dohôd o špecializácii; c) prepojenia medzi zmluvnými stranami a ostatnými účastníkmi trhu. Článok 7 Jednotlivé prípady odňatia výhody zo strany orgánu členského štátu na ochranu hospodárskej súťaže Orgán členského štátu na ochranu hospodárskej súťaže môže odňať výhodu výnimky zavedenej týmto nariadením, ak sú splnené podmienky stanovené v článku 29 ods. 2 nariadenia (ES) č. 1/2003. Článok 8 Prechodné obdobie Zákaz stanovený v článku 101 ods. 1 zmluvy sa počas obdobia od 1. júla 2023 do 30. júna 2025 nevzťahuje na dohody, ktoré boli platné už 30. júna 2023 a ktoré nespĺňajú podmienky na udelenie výnimky zavedenej týmto nariadením, no spĺňajú podmienky na udelenie výnimky zavedenej nariadením (EÚ) č. 1218/2010. L_2023143PL. 01002001. xml 2. 6. 2023 PL Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej L 143/20 ROZPORZĄDZENIE KOMISJI (UE) 2023/1067 z dnia 1 czerwca 2023 r. w sprawie stosowania art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej do niektórych kategorii porozumień specjalizacyjnych (Tekst mający znaczenie dla EOG) KOMISJA EUROPEJSKA, uwzględniając Traktat o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, uwzględniając rozporządzenie (EWG) nr 2821/71 Rady z dnia 20 grudnia 1971 r. w sprawie stosowania art. 85 ust. 3 Traktatu do kategorii porozumień, decyzji i praktyk uzgodnionych (1), w szczególności jego art. 1 ust. 1 lit. c), po opublikowaniu projektu niniejszego rozporządzenia (2), po konsultacji z Komitetem Doradczym ds. Praktyk Ograniczających Konkurencję i Pozycji Dominujących, a także mając na uwadze, co następuje: (1) Rozporządzenie (EWG) nr 2821/71 upoważnia Komisję do stosowania art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu w drodze rozporządzenia do niektórych kategorii porozumień, decyzji i praktyk uzgodnionych, wchodzących w zakres stosowania art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu, mających na celu specjalizację, włączając w to porozumienia niezbędne do jej osiągnięcia. (2) W rozporządzeniu Komisji (UE) nr 1218/2010 (3) określono kategorie porozumień specjalizacyjnych, które zdaniem Komisji zwykle spełniają warunki określone w art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu. Rozporządzenie to traci moc z dniem 30 czerwca 2023 r. W związku z ogólnie pozytywnymi doświadczeniami zgromadzonymi podczas stosowania tego rozporządzenia oraz w świetle wyników oceny tego rozporządzenia należy przyjąć nowe rozporządzenie w sprawie wyłączeń grupowych. (3) Niniejsze rozporządzenie ma na celu zapewnienie skutecznej ochrony konkurencji oraz zagwarantowanie przedsiębiorstwom odpowiedniego poziomu pewności prawa. Aby osiągnąć te cele, należy wziąć pod uwagę potrzebę możliwie jak największego uproszczenia nadzoru administracyjnego i ram legislacyjnych. (4) Na potrzeby stosowania art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu w drodze rozporządzenia nie jest konieczne określanie, jakie porozumienia mogą wchodzić w zakres stosowania art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu. Przy indywidualnej ocenie porozumień na podstawie art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu należy uwzględnić kilka czynników, w szczególności strukturę rynku właściwego. (5) Przywilej wyłączenia ustanowiony w niniejszym rozporządzeniu powinien być ograniczony do porozumień, w przypadku których można z wystarczającą pewnością założyć, że spełniają one warunki, o których mowa w art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu. Na potrzeby stosowania art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu można zasadniczo przyjąć, że poniżej pewnego poziomu władzy rynkowej pozytywne skutki porozumień specjalizacyjnych będą przeważać nad ich negatywnym wpływem na konkurencję. (6) Niniejsze rozporządzenie powinno stosować się do porozumień dotyczących wytwarzania towarów i przygotowywania usług. Przygotowywanie usług odnosi się do działań prowadzonych na etapie poprzedzającym świadczenie usług na rzecz klientów (np. współpracy przy tworzeniu lub obsłudze platformy, za pośrednictwem której świadczona będzie usługa). Świadczenie usług na rzecz klientów nie wchodzi w zakres niniejszego rozporządzenia z wyjątkiem sytuacji, w których strony uzgadniają wspólne świadczenie usług przygotowanych w ramach porozumienia specjalizacyjnego. (7) Największe szanse na to, że porozumienia specjalizacyjne przyczynią się do poprawy wytwarzania towarów lub przygotowywania usług oraz dystrybucji tych towarów lub usług, będą wówczas, gdy strony wniosą uzupełniające się umiejętności, aktywa lub działania, ponieważ w takim przypadku porozumienie pozwoli im skoncentrować się na wytwarzaniu określonych towarów lub przygotowywaniu określonych usług, a przez to działać efektywniej i oferować produkty po niższej cenie. Przy założeniu istnienia efektywnej konkurencji, konsumenci najprawdopodobniej otrzymają słuszną część korzyści płynących z takiej sytuacji. (8) Takie korzyści mogą wynikać po pierwsze z porozumień, na mocy których co najmniej jedna strona całkowicie lub częściowo rezygnuje z wytwarzania określonych towarów lub przygotowywania określonych usług na korzyść innej strony lub innych stron („specjalizacja jednostronna”), po drugie z porozumień, na mocy których co najmniej dwie strony całkowicie lub częściowo rezygnują z wytwarzania określonych, ale różnych towarów lub przygotowywania określonych, ale różnych usług na korzyść innej strony lub innych stron („specjalizacja wzajemna”), oraz, po trzecie, z porozumień, na mocy których co najmniej dwie strony zobowiązują się wspólnie wytwarzać niektóre towary lub przygotowywać niektóre usługi („wspólna produkcja”). (9) Zastosowanie niniejszego rozporządzenia do porozumień o specjalizacji jednostronnej i specjalizacji wzajemnej powinno być ograniczone do sytuacji, w których strony działają na tym samym rynku produktowym. Niekoniecznie jednak muszą one działać na tym samym rynku geograficznym. Ponadto pojęcia specjalizacji jednostronnej i specjalizacji wzajemnej nie powinny wymagać od stron ograniczenia zdolności produkcyjnej – wystarczy, że ograniczą one wielkość swojej produkcji. (10) Aby specjalizacja przyniosła korzyści, nie pociągając za sobą całkowitego opuszczenia przez jedną ze stron rynku niższego szczebla niż produkcja, porozumienia o specjalizacji jednostronnej i specjalizacji wzajemnej powinny wchodzić w zakres stosowania niniejszego rozporządzenia tylko wtedy, gdy obejmują zobowiązania do dostaw i zakupów. Zobowiązania do dostaw i zakupów mogą mieć charakter wyłączny, ale nie jest to konieczne. (11) Niniejsze rozporządzenie powinno mieć zastosowanie do porozumień o wspólnej produkcji zawieranych przez strony, które działają już na tym samym rynku produktowym, ale także przez strony, które dopiero chcą wejść na dany rynek produktowy dzięki porozumieniu o wspólnej produkcji. Pojęcie porozumienia o wspólnej produkcji nie powinno wymagać, aby strony ograniczyły swoją indywidualną działalność w zakresie wytwarzania towarów lub przygotowywania usług wykraczających poza zakres przewidywanego wspólnego porozumienia. (12) Można zakładać, że jeżeli udział stron we właściwym rynku produktów będących przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego nie przekracza określonego poziomu, takie porozumienie zasadniczo przyniesie ze sobą korzyści gospodarcze w postaci korzyści skali lub zakresu lub też lepszych technologii produkcji, umożliwiając również konsumentom uzyskanie słusznej części wynikających z tego korzyści. (13) W przypadku gdy produkty objęte porozumieniem specjalizacyjnym są produktami pośrednimi, które co najmniej jedna ze stron całkowicie lub częściowo wykorzystuje na użytek własny jako produkty wejściowe do własnej produkcji produktów rynku niższego szczebla, które następnie sprzedaje na rynku, wyłączenie przysługujące na mocy niniejszego rozporządzenia powinno zależeć również od tego, czy udział stron we właściwym rynku tych produktów rynku niższego szczebla nie przekracza określonego poziomu. W tym przypadku uwzględnienie udziału stron w rynku jedynie na poziomie produktów pośrednich prowadziłoby do przeoczenia potencjalnego ryzyka zamknięcia dostępu konkurentów do produktów wejściowych na poziomie produktów rynku niższego szczebla lub podniesienia cen na takie produkty. (14) Nie zakłada się, że w przypadku przekroczenia określonego w niniejszym rozporządzeniu progu udziału w rynku lub niespełnienia innych warunków, o których mowa w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, porozumienia specjalizacyjne zostają objęte zakresem art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu albo nie spełniają warunków art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu. W takich przypadkach konieczne jest przeprowadzenie indywidualnej oceny porozumienia specjalizacyjnego na podstawie art. 101 Traktatu. (15) Wyłączenie ustanowione w niniejszym rozporządzeniu nie powinno stosować się do porozumień zawierających ograniczenia, które nie są niezbędne do osiągnięcia pozytywnych skutków płynących z porozumień specjalizacyjnych. Co do zasady porozumienia zawierające pewne rodzaje poważnych ograniczeń konkurencji, takie jak ustalanie cen stosowanych wobec osób trzecich, ograniczanie produkcji lub sprzedaży oraz podział rynków lub konsumentów, powinny być wykluczone z przywileju wyłączenia ustanowionego w niniejszym rozporządzeniu bez względu na udział stron w rynku. (16) Dzięki zastosowaniu progu udziału w rynku, nieobejmowaniu wyłączeniem niektórych porozumień oraz warunkom przewidzianym w niniejszym rozporządzeniu zasadniczo zadbano o to, by porozumienia, do których stosuje się wyłączenie grupowe, nie dawały stronom możliwości wyeliminowania konkurencji w odniesieniu do istotnej części danych towarów lub usług. (17) Niniejsze rozporządzenie powinno wskazywać typowe sytuacje, w których można uznać za właściwe cofnięcie przywileju wyłączenia ustanowionego w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, zgodnie z art. 29 rozporządzenia Rady (WE) nr 1/2003 (4). (18) W celu ułatwienia zawierania porozumień specjalizacyjnych, które mogą wpływać na strukturę stron, okres obowiązywania niniejszego rozporządzenia powinien wynosić 12 lat, PRZYJMUJE NINIEJSZE ROZPORZĄDZENIE: Artykuł 1 Definicje 1. Do celów niniejszego rozporządzenia stosuje się następujące definicje: 1) „porozumienie specjalizacyjne” oznacza porozumienie o specjalizacji jednostronnej, porozumienie o specjalizacji wzajemnej lub porozumienie o wspólnej produkcji; a) „porozumienie o specjalizacji jednostronnej” oznacza porozumienie między co najmniej dwiema stronami działającymi na tym samym rynku produktowym, na mocy którego co najmniej jedna strona zgadza się całkowicie lub częściowo zaprzestać produkowania niektórych produktów lub powstrzymać się od ich produkowania i nabywać je od innej strony lub innych stron, które zgadzają się te produkty produkować i dostarczać; b) „porozumienie o specjalizacji wzajemnej” oznacza porozumienie między co najmniej dwiema stronami działającymi na tym samym rynku produktowym, na mocy którego co najmniej dwie strony zgadzają się, na zasadzie wzajemności, całkowicie lub częściowo zaprzestać produkowania niektórych, lecz różnych, produktów lub powstrzymać się od ich produkowania i nabywać je od co najmniej jednej z pozostałych stron, które zgadzają się te produkty produkować i dostarczać; c) „porozumienie o wspólnej produkcji” oznacza porozumienie, na mocy którego co najmniej dwie strony zgadzają się wspólnie produkować niektóre produkty; 2) „porozumienie” oznacza porozumienie między przedsiębiorstwami, decyzję związku przedsiębiorstw lub praktykę uzgodnioną; 3) „produkt” oznacza towar lub usługę, w tym zarówno towary lub usługi pośrednie, jak i towary lub usługi końcowe, z wyjątkiem usług dystrybucji i najmu; 4) „produkcja” oznacza wytwarzanie towarów lub przygotowywanie usług, w tym w formie podwykonawstwa; 5) „przygotowywanie usług” oznacza działania podejmowane na wyższym szczeblu obrotu niż świadczenie usług na rzecz klientów; 6) „produkt będący przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego” oznacza produkt wytwarzany na podstawie porozumienia specjalizacyjnego; 7) „produkt rynku niższego szczebla” oznacza produkt, do produkcji którego co najmniej jedna ze stron używa, jako produktu wejściowego, produktu będącego przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego i który jest sprzedawany przez te strony na rynku; 8) „rynek właściwy” oznacza właściwy rynek produktowy i geograficzny, do którego należą produkty będące przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego, a w przypadku gdy takie produkty są produktami pośrednimi, które co najmniej jedna ze stron całkowicie lub częściowo wykorzystuje na użytek własny jako produkty wejściowe do własnej produkcji produktów rynku niższego szczebla – oznacza on dodatkowo właściwy rynek produktowy i geograficzny, do którego należą takie produkty rynku niższego szczebla; 9) „przedsiębiorstwo konkurujące” oznacza rzeczywistego lub potencjalnego konkurenta: a) „rzeczywisty konkurent” oznacza przedsiębiorstwo, które działa na tym samym rynku właściwym; b) „potencjalny konkurent” oznacza przedsiębiorstwo, co do którego można realnie, a nie tylko teoretycznie zakładać, że gdyby porozumienie specjalizacyjne nie istniało, to takie przedsiębiorstwo zdecydowałoby się przeprowadzić, w terminie nie dłuższym niż 3 lata, konieczne dodatkowe inwestycje lub ponieść inne niezbędne koszty, aby wejść na rynek właściwy; 10) „zobowiązanie do wyłączności dostaw” oznacza zobowiązanie do niedostarczania produktów będących przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego przedsiębiorstwu konkurującemu innemu niż strona lub strony porozumienia specjalizacyjnego; 11) „zobowiązanie do wyłączności zakupów” oznacza zobowiązanie do zakupu produktów będących przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego tylko od strony lub stron porozumienia specjalizacyjnego; 12) „wspólny” w kontekście dystrybucji oznacza działania, w których dana praca jest: a) wykonywana przez wspólny zespół, wspólną organizację lub wspólne przedsiębiorstwo; lub b) prowadzona przez wyznaczonego wspólnie dystrybutora będącego osobą trzecią, na zasadzie wyłączności lub nie na zasadzie wyłączności, pod warunkiem że taka osoba trzecia nie jest przedsiębiorstwem konkurującym; 13) „dystrybucja” oznacza sprzedaż i dostawę produktów będących przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego klientom, w tym komercjalizację tych produktów. 2. Do celów niniejszego rozporządzenia wyrażenia „przedsiębiorstwo” i „strona” obejmują odpowiednie przedsiębiorstwa z nimi powiązane. „Przedsiębiorstwa powiązane” oznaczają: 1) przedsiębiorstwa, w których stronie porozumienia specjalizacyjnego przysługuje – bezpośrednio lub pośrednio – co najmniej jedno z następujących praw lub uprawnień: a) uprawnienie do wykonywania ponad połowy praw głosu; b) uprawnienie do powoływania ponad połowy członków rady nadzorczej, zarządu lub organów prawnie reprezentujących przedsiębiorstwo; c) prawo kierowania działalnością przedsiębiorstwa; 2) przedsiębiorstwa, którym przysługuje – bezpośrednio lub pośrednio – w stosunku do strony porozumienia specjalizacyjnego co najmniej jedno z praw lub uprawnień wymienionych w pkt 1; 3) przedsiębiorstwa, w których przedsiębiorstwu, o którym mowa w pkt 2, przysługuje – bezpośrednio lub pośrednio – co najmniej jedno z praw lub uprawnień wymienionych w pkt 1; 4) przedsiębiorstwa, w których stronie porozumienia specjalizacyjnego wraz z co najmniej jednym przedsiębiorstwem, o którym mowa w pkt 1, 2 lub 3, lub w których co najmniej dwóm przedsiębiorstwom, o których mowa w pkt 1, 2 lub 3, wspólnie przysługuje co najmniej jedno z praw lub uprawnień wymienionych w pkt 1; 5) przedsiębiorstwa, w których co najmniej jedno z praw lub uprawnień wymienionych w pkt 1 wspólnie przysługuje: a) stronom porozumienia specjalizacyjnego lub odpowiednim przedsiębiorstwom z nimi powiązanym, o których mowa w pkt 1–4; lub b) co najmniej jednej ze stron porozumienia specjalizacyjnego lub co najmniej jednemu przedsiębiorstwu z nią powiązanemu, o którym mowa w pkt 1–4, oraz co najmniej jednej osobie trzeciej. Artykuł 2 Wyłączenie 1. Na podstawie art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu oraz z zastrzeżeniem przepisów niniejszego rozporządzenia art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu nie ma zastosowania do porozumień specjalizacyjnych. 2. Wyłączenie ustanowione w ust. 1 stosuje się w zakresie, w jakim takie porozumienia zawierają ograniczenia konkurencji wchodzące w zakres art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu. 3. Wyłączenie ustanowione w ust. 1 stosuje się również do porozumień specjalizacyjnych, które zawierają postanowienia dotyczące przeniesienia praw własności intelektualnej na co najmniej jedną stronę lub udzielenia co najmniej jednej stronie licencji na te prawa, o ile postanowienia te są bezpośrednio związane z wprowadzeniem i konieczne do wprowadzenia porozumienia w życie oraz nie stanowią podstawowego przedmiotu porozumienia. 4. Wyłączenie ustanowione w ust. 1 stosuje się również do porozumień specjalizacyjnych, na mocy których: a) strony akceptują zobowiązanie do wyłączności zakupów lub dostaw; lub b) strony wspólnie dystrybuują produkty będące przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego. Artykuł 3 Próg udziału w rynku 1. Wyłączenie ustanowione w art. 2 stosuje się pod warunkiem że łączny udział stron w rynku nie przekracza 20 % na rynku właściwym lub rynkach właściwych, do których należą produkty będące przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego. 2. W przypadku gdy produkty będące przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego są produktami pośrednimi, które co najmniej jedna ze stron całkowicie lub częściowo wykorzystuje na użytek własny jako produkty wejściowe do własnej produkcji produktów rynku niższego szczebla, które również sprzedaje, wyłączenie ustanowione w art. 2 ma zastosowanie wyłącznie wtedy, gdy spełnione są oba poniższe warunki: a) łączny udział stron w rynku nie przekracza 20 % na rynku właściwym lub rynkach właściwych, do których należą produkty będące przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego; b) łączny udział stron w rynku nie przekracza 20 % na rynku właściwym lub rynkach właściwych, do których należą produkty rynku niższego szczebla. Artykuł 4 Stosowanie progu udziału w rynku Do celów stosowania progu udziału w rynku przewidzianego w art. 3 stosuje się następujące zasady: a) udziały w rynku oblicza się na podstawie wartości sprzedaży rynkowej; jeżeli dane dotyczące wartości sprzedaży rynkowej nie są dostępne, można wykorzystać dane szacunkowe oparte na innych wiarygodnych informacjach rynkowych, w tym na danych dotyczących wielkości sprzedaży rynkowej; b) udziały w rynku oblicza się na podstawie danych za poprzedni rok kalendarzowy albo, jeżeli poprzedni rok kalendarzowy nie jest reprezentatywny dla pozycji stron na rynku właściwym lub rynkach właściwych, udziały w rynku oblicza się jako średnią udziałów stron w rynku za 3 poprzednie lata kalendarzowe; c) udział w rynku przedsiębiorstw, o których mowa w art. 1 ust. 2 pkt 5, jest zaliczany w równych częściach każdemu przedsiębiorstwu, któremu przysługuje co najmniej jedno z praw lub uprawnień wymienionych w art. 1 ust. 2 pkt 1; d) jeżeli udziały w rynku, o których mowa w art. 3, początkowo nie przekraczają 20 %, ale następnie wzrastają powyżej tego poziomu na co najmniej jednym z rynków właściwych, wyłączenie ustanowione w art. 2 stosuje się nadal przez okres 2 kolejnych lat kalendarzowych następujących po roku, w którym próg 20 % został przekroczony po raz pierwszy. Artykuł 5 Najpoważniejsze ograniczenia konkurencji Wyłączenie ustanowione w art. 2 nie ma zastosowania do porozumień specjalizacyjnych, które, bezpośrednio lub pośrednio, samodzielnie lub w powiązaniu z innymi czynnikami, na które strony mają wpływ, mają na celu jedną z poniższych sytuacji: a) ustalanie cen sprzedaży produktów będących przedmiotem porozumienia specjalizacyjnego osobom trzecim, z wyjątkiem ustalania cen stosowanych wobec bezpośrednich klientów w kontekście wspólnej dystrybucji; b) ograniczenie produkcji lub sprzedaży, z wyjątkiem: (i) postanowień dotyczących uzgodnionej ilości produktów w kontekście porozumień o specjalizacji jednostronnej lub wzajemnej; (ii) ustalania zdolności produkcyjnej i wielkości produkcji w kontekście porozumienia o wspólnej produkcji; (iii) ustalania docelowych poziomów sprzedaży w kontekście wspólnej dystrybucji; c) podział rynków lub klientów. Artykuł 6 Cofnięcie wyłączenia w indywidualnych przypadkach przez Komisję 1. Na podstawie art. 29 ust. 1 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1/2003 Komisja może cofnąć przywilej wyłączenia ustanowiony w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, jeżeli uzna, że w danym przypadku porozumienie specjalizacyjne, do którego stosuje się wyłączenie ustanowione w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, wywołuje jednak skutki niezgodne z art. 101 ust. 3 Traktatu. 2. Na podstawie art. 29 ust. 1 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1/2003 Komisja może cofnąć przywilej wyłączenia ustanowiony w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, w szczególności w przypadku gdy rynek właściwy jest silnie skoncentrowany, a konkurencja jest już słaba, na przykład ze względu na co najmniej jeden z poniższych czynników: a) poszczególne pozycje rynkowe innych uczestników rynku; b) powiązania między innymi uczestnikami rynku utworzone w wyniku równoległych porozumień specjalizacyjnych; c) powiązania między stronami a innymi uczestnikami rynku. Artykuł 7 Cofnięcie wyłączenia w indywidualnych przypadkach przez organ ochrony konkurencji państwa członkowskiego Organ ochrony konkurencji danego państwa członkowskiego może cofnąć przywilej wyłączenia ustanowiony w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, jeżeli spełnione są warunki określone w art. 29 ust. 2 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1/2003. Artykuł 8 Okres przejściowy Zakaz ustanowiony w art. 101 ust. 1 Traktatu nie ma zastosowania w okresie od 1 lipca 2023 r. do 30 czerwca 2025 r. w odniesieniu do porozumień będących w mocy w dniu 30 czerwca 2023 r. , które nie spełniają warunków wyłączenia ustanowionego w niniejszym rozporządzeniu, ale spełniają warunki wyłączenia ustanowionego w rozporządzeniu (UE) nr 1218/2010. Artykuł 9 Wejście w życie i rozpoczęcie stosowania Niniejsze rozporządzenie wchodzi w życie z dniem 1 lipca 2023 r. Niniejsze rozporządzenie stosuje się do dnia 30 czerwca 2035 r. Niniejsze rozporządzenie wiąże w całości i jest bezpośrednio stosowane we wszystkich państwach członkowskich. Sporządzono w Brukseli dnia 1 czerwca 2023 r. W imieniu Komisji Przewodnicząca Ursula VON DER LEYEN (1) Dz. U. L 285 z 29. 12. 1971, s. L_2023143ES. 01002001. xml 2. 6. 2023 ES Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea L 143/20 REGLAMENTO (UE) 2023/1067 DE LA COMISIÓN de 1 de junio de 2023 relativo a la aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea a determinadas categorías de acuerdos de especialización (Texto pertinente a efectos del EEE) LA COMISIÓN EUROPEA, Visto el Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea, Visto el Reglamento (CEE) n. o 2821/71 del Consejo, de 20 de diciembre de 1971, relativo a la aplicación del apartado 3 del artículo 85 del Tratado a ciertas categorías de acuerdos, decisiones y prácticas concertadas (1), y en particular su artículo 1, apartado 1, letra c), Previa publicación del proyecto del presente Reglamento (2), Previa consulta al Comité consultivo en materia de prácticas restrictivas y de posiciones dominantes, Considerando lo siguiente: (1) El Reglamento (CEE) n. o 2821/71 habilita a la Comisión para aplicar, mediante reglamento, el artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado a determinadas categorías de acuerdos, decisiones y prácticas concertadas incluidas en el ámbito de aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado que tengan como objeto la especialización, incluyendo los acuerdos necesarios para lograr dicha especialización. (2) El Reglamento (UE) n. o 1218/2010 de la Comisión (3) define las categorías de acuerdos de especialización que, a juicio de la Comisión, cumplen normalmente las condiciones previstas en el artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado. Dicho Reglamento expira el 30 de junio de 2023. Teniendo en cuenta la experiencia globalmente positiva de la aplicación de dicho Reglamento, y a la vista de los resultados de su evaluación, procede adoptar un nuevo Reglamento de exención por categorías. (3) El presente Reglamento tiene por objeto garantizar la protección efectiva de la competencia y ofrecer una seguridad jurídica adecuada a las empresas. La persecución de dichos objetivos debe tomar en consideración la necesidad de simplificar la supervisión administrativa y el marco legislativo en la mayor medida posible. (4) A efectos de la aplicación, mediante Reglamento, del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado, no es necesario determinar qué acuerdos pueden entrar en el ámbito de aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado. En la evaluación individual de los acuerdos con arreglo al artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado es necesario tener en cuenta diversos factores, en particular la estructura del mercado de referencia. (5) El beneficio de la exención que confiere el presente Reglamento debe limitarse a los acuerdos respecto de los cuales quepa presumir con un grado suficiente de seguridad que cumplen las condiciones del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado. Por debajo de un determinado nivel de poder de mercado, generalmente cabe presumir, a efectos de la aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado, que los efectos positivos de los acuerdos de especialización compensarán cualesquiera efectos negativos sobre la competencia. (6) El presente Reglamento debe aplicarse a los acuerdos relativos a la fabricación de bienes y a la preparación de servicios. La preparación de servicios se refiere a actividades llevadas a cabo con anterioridad a la prestación de servicios a los clientes (por ejemplo, la cooperación en la creación o explotación de una plataforma a través de la cual se prestará un servicio). La prestación de servicios a los clientes queda fuera del ámbito de aplicación del presente Reglamento, excepto cuando las partes acuerden prestar conjuntamente servicios preparados en virtud del acuerdo de especialización. (7) Es más probable que los acuerdos de especialización contribuyan a mejorar la fabricación de bienes o la preparación de servicios y su distribución si las partes tienen competencias, activos o actividades que se complementan, ya que, en ese caso, el acuerdo les permite concentrarse en la fabricación de determinados bienes o en la preparación de determinados servicios y trabajar así de forma más eficiente, ofreciendo los productos a precios más ventajosos. Cabe esperar, en el supuesto de que exista una competencia efectiva, que los usuarios se beneficien equitativamente de las ventajas resultantes. (8) Tales ventajas pueden derivarse en primer lugar de acuerdos en virtud de los cuales una o más partes renuncian en favor de otra u otras partes, total o parcialmente, a fabricar determinados bienes o preparar determinados servicios («especialización unilateral»); en segundo lugar, de acuerdos en virtud de los cuales dos o más partes renuncian en favor de otra u otras partes, total o parcialmente, a fabricar bienes determinados pero diferentes o a preparar determinados servicios pero diferentes («especialización recíproca»); y en tercer lugar, de acuerdos en virtud de los cuales dos o más partes se comprometen a fabricar determinados bienes o preparar determinados servicios conjuntamente («producción en común»). (9) La aplicación del presente Reglamento a los acuerdos de especialización unilateral y de especialización recíproca debe limitarse a aquellos casos en los que las partes llevan a cabo sus actividades en el mismo mercado de producto. No obstante, no es necesario que las partes desarrollen su actividad en el mismo mercado geográfico. Además, los conceptos de especialización recíproca y de especialización unilateral no deben requerir que una parte reduzca su capacidad, basta con que las partes reduzcan sus volúmenes de producción. (10) A fin de garantizar que las ventajas de la especialización se materializan sin que ninguna parte abandone completamente el mercado descendente, los acuerdos de especialización unilateral o recíproca solo deberán estar regulados por el presente Reglamento cuando establezcan obligaciones de suministro y de compra. Las obligaciones de suministro y de compra podrán ser de naturaleza exclusiva, aunque no necesariamente. (11) El presente Reglamento debe aplicarse a los acuerdos de producción en común suscritos por partes que ya llevan a cabo actividades en el mismo mercado de producto, pero también por partes que desean entrar en un mercado de producto a través del acuerdo de producción en común. El concepto de acuerdo de producción en común no debe requerir que las partes reduzcan sus actividades de producción individuales relativas a la fabricación de productos o la preparación de servicios más allá del ámbito de aplicación de su acuerdo de producción en común previsto. (12) Puede asumirse que, cuando la cuota de las partes en el mercado de referencia de los productos objeto de un acuerdo de especialización no exceda de un determinado nivel, dicho acuerdo producirá generalmente ventajas económicas en forma de economías de escala o alcance, o mejores tecnologías de producción, permitiendo a los usuarios beneficiarse equitativamente de las ventajas resultantes. (13) Cuando los productos objeto de un acuerdo de especialización sean productos intermedios utilizados total o parcialmente de forma cautiva, por una o varias de las partes como insumo para su propia producción de productos transformados vendidos posteriormente en el mercado, la exención que confiere el presente Reglamento debe estar asimismo supeditada a que la cuota de mercado de las partes en el mercado de referencia de esos productos transformados no exceda de un determinado nivel. En tal caso, tener en cuenta la cuota de mercado de las partes únicamente al nivel de los productos intermedios supondría pasar por alto el riesgo potencial de exclusión del mercado o de un aumento del precio de los insumos para los competidores al nivel de los productos transformados. (14) Cuando se supera el umbral de la cuota de mercado establecido en el presente Reglamento o no se cumplen otras condiciones fijadas en él, no se presumirá que los acuerdos de especialización entran en el ámbito de aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado, como tampoco que no satisfacen las condiciones establecidas en el artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado. En tales casos, es necesario realizar una evaluación individual del Acuerdo de especialización con arreglo al artículo 101 del Tratado. (15) La exención establecida en el presente Reglamento no debe aplicarse a aquellos acuerdos que contengan restricciones que no sean indispensables para alcanzar los efectos positivos resultantes de acuerdos de especialización. En principio, los acuerdos que contienen determinadas restricciones graves de la competencia, como la fijación de los precios aplicados a terceros, la limitación de la producción o de las ventas y el reparto de mercados o clientes, deben quedar excluidos de la exención establecida en el presente Reglamento, con independencia de la cuota de mercado de las partes. (16) El umbral de la cuota de mercado, la no exención de determinados acuerdos y las condiciones previstas en el presente Reglamento garantizan en general que los acuerdos a los que se aplique la exención por categorías no permitan a las partes eliminar la competencia respecto de una parte sustancial de los productos o servicios en cuestión. (17) El presente Reglamento debe recoger situaciones típicas en las que podría considerarse apropiado retirar el beneficio de la exención que establece, de conformidad con el artículo 29 del Reglamento (CE) n. o 1/2003 del Consejo (4). (18) Con el fin de facilitar la celebración de acuerdos de especialización, lo que puede tener consecuencias de orden estructural para las partes, el período de vigencia del presente Reglamento debe fijarse en doce años. HA ADOPTADO EL PRESENTE REGLAMENTO: Artículo 1 Definiciones 1. A los efectos del presente Reglamento, se entenderá por: 1) «acuerdo de especialización»: un acuerdo de especialización unilateral, un acuerdo de especialización recíproca o un acuerdo de producción en común; a) «acuerdo de especialización unilateral»: un acuerdo entre dos o más partes presentes en el mismo mercado de producto y en virtud del cual una o más partes aceptan cesar total o parcialmente la producción de determinados productos o abstenerse de producir esos productos, y se comprometen a comprárselos a otra parte o partes, las cuales se obligan a producirlos y suministrárselos; b) «acuerdo de especialización recíproca»: un acuerdo entre dos o más partes presentes en el mismo mercado de producto y en virtud del cual dos o más partes aceptan, sobre una base de reciprocidad, cesar total o parcialmente o abstenerse de producir productos determinados y diferentes, y se comprometen a comprárselos a una o más de las otras partes, las cuales se obligan a producirlos y suministrárselos; c) «acuerdo de producción en común»: un acuerdo en virtud del cual dos o más partes se comprometen a producir conjuntamente determinados productos; 2) «acuerdo»: un acuerdo entre empresas, una decisión de una asociación de empresas o una práctica concertada; 3) «producto»: un bien o un servicio, incluidos tanto los productos o servicios intermedios como los finales, a excepción de los servicios de distribución y arrendamiento; 4) «producción»: la fabricación de bienes o la preparación de servicios, incluso por subcontratación; 5) «preparación de servicios»: las actividades desarrolladas con anterioridad a la prestación de servicios a los clientes; 6) «producto de la especialización»: un producto que se produce en virtud de un acuerdo de especialización; 7) «producto transformado»: un producto para el que una o varias de las partes utilizan un producto de la especialización como insumo y que esas partes venden en el mercado; 8) «mercado de referencia»: el mercado de producto de referencia y el mercado geográfico de referencia al que pertenezcan los productos de la especialización y, además, cuando esos productos sean productos intermedios utilizados total o parcialmente de forma cautiva por una o varias de las partes como insumos para la producción de productos transformados, el mercado de producto de referencia y el mercado geográfico de referencia al que pertenezcan los productos transformados; 9) «empresa competidora»: un competidor real o potencial; a) «competidor real»: una empresa que desarrolla sus actividades en el mismo mercado de referencia; b) «competidor potencial»: una empresa que, de no existir el acuerdo de especialización, sobre una base realista y no como una mera posibilidad, probablemente realizaría, en un período no superior a tres años, las inversiones adicionales necesarias u otros gastos necesarios para entrar en el mercado de referencia; 10) «obligación de suministro exclusivo»: la obligación de no suministrar los productos de la especialización a una empresa competidora que no sea parte en el acuerdo de especialización; 11) «obligación de compra exclusiva»: la obligación de comprar los productos de la especialización exclusivamente a una o varias de las partes en el acuerdo de especialización; 12) «conjunta» en el ámbito de la distribución: actividades en las que el trabajo: a) sea realizado por un equipo, una entidad o una empresa común; o b) sea realizado por una tercera parte designada conjuntamente como distribuidor sobre una base exclusiva o no, siempre que esa tercera parte no sea una empresa competidora; 13) «distribución»: la venta y suministro de los productos de la especialización a los clientes, incluida la comercialización de esos productos. 2. A los efectos del presente Reglamento, los términos «empresa» y «parte» incluyen sus respectivas empresas vinculadas. Por «empresas vinculadas» se entenderá: 1) las empresas en las que una parte en el acuerdo de especialización disponga directa o indirectamente de uno o más de los derechos o facultades siguientes: a) la facultad de ejercer más de la mitad de los derechos de voto; b) la facultad de designar a más de la mitad de los miembros del consejo de vigilancia o de administración o de los órganos que representen legalmente a la empresa; c) el derecho a dirigir las actividades de la empresa; 2) las empresas que directa o indirectamente posean, en una de las partes en el acuerdo de especialización, uno o más de los derechos o facultades enumerados en el punto 1); 3) las empresas en las que una empresa contemplada en el punto 2) posea, directa o indirectamente, uno o más de los derechos o facultades enumerados en el punto 1); 4) las empresas en las que una parte en el acuerdo de especialización, junto con una o varias de las empresas contempladas en los puntos 1), 2) o 3), o en las que dos o varias de estas últimas empresas, posean conjuntamente uno o más de los derechos o facultades enumerados en el punto 1); 5) las empresas en las que uno o más de los derechos o facultades enumerados en el punto 1) sean compartidos por: a) partes en el acuerdo de especialización o sus respectivas empresas vinculadas contempladas en los puntos 1) a 4); o b) una o varias de las partes en el acuerdo de especialización o una o varias de sus empresas vinculadas contempladas en los puntos 1) a 4) y una o varias terceras partes. Artículo 2 Exención 1. Con arreglo al artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado, y sin perjuicio de las disposiciones del presente Reglamento, el artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado no se aplicará a los acuerdos de especialización. 2. La exención establecida en el apartado 1 se aplicará en la medida en que tales acuerdos contengan restricciones de la competencia que entren dentro del ámbito de aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 1, del Tratado. 3. La exención establecida en el apartado 1 se aplicará también a los acuerdos de especialización que contengan disposiciones sobre la cesión de derechos de propiedad intelectual e industrial o la concesión de licencias correspondientes a tales derechos a una o varias de las partes, siempre que tales disposiciones estén directamente relacionadas con la aplicación del acuerdo, sean necesarias para dicha aplicación y no constituyan el objeto principal del acuerdo. 4. La exención establecida en el apartado 1 se aplicará también a los acuerdos de especialización en los que: a) las partes acepten una obligación de compra exclusiva o de suministro exclusivo; o b) las partes distribuyan conjuntamente los productos de la especialización. Artículo 3 Umbral de cuota de mercado 1. La exención establecida en el artículo 2 se aplicará a condición de que la cuota de mercado combinada de las partes no exceda del 20 % en el mercado o mercados de referencia a los que pertenezcan los productos de la especialización. 2. Cuando los productos de la especialización sean productos intermedios utilizados total o parcialmente de forma cautiva por una o varias de las partes como insumos para la producción de productos transformados, que también venden, la exención establecida en el artículo 2 solo se aplicará si se cumplen las dos condiciones siguientes: a) que la cuota de mercado combinada de las partes no exceda del 20 % en el mercado o mercados de referencia a los que pertenecen los productos de la especialización; b) que la cuota de mercado combinada de las partes no exceda del 20 % en el mercado o mercados de referencia a los que pertenecen los productos transformados. Artículo 4 Aplicación del umbral de cuota de mercado A efectos de calcular los umbrales de la cuota de mercado previstos en el artículo 3, se aplicarán las normas siguientes: a) las cuotas de mercado se calcularán sobre la base del valor de las ventas en el mercado; si no se dispone de datos sobre el valor de las ventas en el mercado, podrán utilizarse estimaciones basadas en otro tipo de informaciones fidedignas sobre el mercado, incluidos volúmenes de ventas en el mercado; b) las cuotas de mercado se calcularán sobre la base de datos relativos al año natural precedente o, cuando el año natural precedente no sea representativo de la posición de las partes en el mercado o mercados de referencia, como la media de las cuotas de mercado de las partes de los tres años naturales anteriores; c) la cuota de mercado de las empresas mencionadas en el artículo 1, apartado 2, punto 5), se imputará a partes iguales a cada empresa que posea uno o más de los derechos o facultades enumerados en el artículo 1, apartado 2, punto 1); d) cuando las cuotas de mercado a las que se hace referencia en el artículo 3 no superen inicialmente el 20 % pero posteriormente se incrementen por encima de ese nivel en al menos uno de los mercados de referencia, la exención establecida en el artículo 2 seguirá aplicándose durante un período de dos años naturales consecutivos a partir del año en que se haya sobrepasado por primera vez el umbral del 20 %. Artículo 5 Restricciones especialmente graves La exención establecida en el artículo 2 no será aplicable a los acuerdos de especialización que, directa o indirectamente, por sí solos o en combinación con otros factores controlados por las partes, tengan como objeto cualquiera de los siguientes: a) fijar los precios de venta de los productos de la especialización a terceras partes, con excepción de la fijación de los precios que se cobran a los clientes inmediatos en el contexto de la distribución conjunta; b) limitar la producción o las ventas, con excepción de: i) las disposiciones sobre la cantidad acordada de productos en el contexto de acuerdos de especialización unilateral o recíproca; ii) la fijación de la capacidad y el volumen de producción en el contexto de un acuerdo de producción en común; iii) la fijación de objetivos de venta en el contexto de la distribución conjunta; c) el reparto de mercados o de clientes. Artículo 6 Retirada en casos individuales por parte de la Comisión 1. De conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 29, apartado 1, del Reglamento (CE) n. o 1/2003, la Comisión podrá retirar el beneficio de la exención establecida en el presente Reglamento si considera que, en un caso concreto, un acuerdo de especialización al que se aplican las exenciones establecidas en el presente Reglamento produce, a pesar de todo, efectos incompatibles con el artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado. 2. De conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 29, apartado 1, del Reglamento (CE) n. o 1/2003, la Comisión podrá retirar el beneficio de la exención establecida en el presente Reglamento, en particular cuando el mercado de referencia esté muy concentrado y la competencia ya sea débil, debido, por ejemplo, a uno o varios de los siguientes motivos: a) las posiciones de mercado individuales de otros participantes en él; b) los vínculos existentes entre otros participantes en el mercado mediante acuerdos de especialización paralelos; c) los vínculos entre las partes y otros participantes en el mercado. Artículo 7 Retirada en casos individuales por parte de la autoridad de competencia de un Estado miembro La autoridad de competencia de un Estado miembro podrá retirar el beneficio de la exención establecida en el presente Reglamento cuando se cumplan las condiciones del artículo 29, apartado 2, del Reglamento (CE) n. o 1/2003.
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Varmaa hapuilua 1987–2002 on Radiopuhelimet-yhtyeen kahden CD:n kokoelmalevy vuodelta 2006.
Kappaleet
Levyn kansilehden mukaan kappalelista on muodostettu eräällä Radiopuhelimien keikkareissulla helmikuussa 2006 yhtyeen jäsenten välisellä avoimella huutoäänestyksellä.
CD 1
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Arvostelut
Desibeli.net:
Imperiumi: 10/10
Soundi:
Lähteet
Viitteet
Vuoden 2006 kokoelma-albumit
Radiopuhelimien albumit.
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Agree to dismiss appeal. No. opinion.
All concur.
Appeal dismissed.
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Gij moet verder het kind leeren op God hopen, en aan die hoop in een aandachtig gebed uiting geven; want de hoop ademt in zekere mate in het gebed. Zegt aan uw kind, dat alle goeds van den Vader in den hemel komt, dat God ons gaarne geeft, wat wij noodig hebben; leert het met kinderlijk vertrouwen 's morgens en 's avonds, vóór en na het eten, oogen, handen en hart tot God verheffen; leert uw kind het gebed des Heeren en andere eenvoudige, korte gebeden met eerbied en aandacht bidden, en verklaart het den inhoud dezer gebeden. Het kind te leeren bidden is bijzonder de plicht deimoeder ; maar slechts weinige verstaan het, de kinderen behoorlijk te leeren bidden, niet bloot met den mond, maar in geest en in waarheid; zij gelooven het hunne gedaan te hebben, wanneei zij zóóver gekomen zijn, dat de kinderen de gebeden flink van buiten kennen, en op bepaalde tijden van den dag opzeggen; of de kinderen daarbij van de gedachte doordrongen zijn, dat zij met God spreken, of daaraan denken, wat zij zeggen, — daarom bekommeren zich vele ouders niet. Tengevolge daarvan gewennen zich de kinderen, het gebed, zooals in 't algemeen alle godsdienstige oefeningen, als iets uiterlijks te beschouwen en te behandelen. Derdens moet gij het kind God leeren beminnen, en uit liefde tot Hem het goede leeren doen en het kwade leeren vermijden. Door veelvuldig te wijzen op de oneindige goedheid van den Hemelschen Vader en de overgroote liefde van Zijnen voor onze redding aan het kruis gestorven Zoon, moet gij in het hart des kinds eene oprechte wederliefde wekken, en het aanmoedigen, om uit liefde tot God braaf te zijn en de zonde zorgvuldig te vermijden. Gij moet het kind eene oprechte vreeze Gods zoeken in te boezemen, niet die slaafsche vrees, die het booze slechts om de dreigende straf vlucht, maar die kinderlijke vrees, welke schuwt den goeden Vader in den hemel door de zonde te beleedigen en Zijn mishagen over zich af te trekken. Op zulke wijze moet gij het godsdienstig leven in het kind wekken en bevorderen, moet gij het kind tot God voeren, door Wien en voor Wien het geschapen is. Want gelooft niet, dat de godsdienstige opvoeding uitsluitend de zaak der kerk is; de grondslag van den godsdienst moet in de harten der kinderen reeds op eenen leeftijd gelegd worden, waarop zij nog niet naar de kerk gaan, en bij den verderen opbouw moeten de ouders de bedienaars der kerk voortdurend helpend ter zijde staan. Willen echter de ouders hunne kinderen in den geest van de vrees des Heeren en van de vroomheid opvoeden, dan moeten zij van dezen geest zelf doordrongen zijn. Slechts wat uit het hart komt, gaat tot het hart. Wie zelf den geest des geloofs niet heeft, kan hem ook niet in anderen opwekken; wie zelf niet kan bidden, kan het anderen niet loeren ; wie zelf geene liefde tot God heeft, kan het vuur daarvan in andere harten niet ontsteken; wie zelf door de zonde van God gescheiden is, kan anderen niet tot God voeren. Met het aankweeken der godsdienstigheid moet gelijken tred houden het aankweeken der zedelijk- heid. In het H. Doopsel is weliswaar het kind van de zonde gereinigd en geheiligd; de neiging tot de zonde daarentegen, de slechte begeerlijkheid, is gebleven. Met het ontwaken van het verstand beginnen onmiddellijk ook de verkeerde neigingen op te staan, welke tengevolge van de erfzonde de menschelijke natuur aankleven. Nauwelijks is het kind een paar jaar oud, of er toonen zich sporen van eigenzinnigheid, hoovaardigheid, nijd, liefdeloosheid, wraakzucht en van andere gebreken. Deze uitwassen der slechte begeerlijkheid moet men bij hun optreden door eene wijze, christelijke tucht tegenwerken. Het ware grootelijks dwalen, als de ouders het onkruid zorgeloos lieten voortwoekeren met de verontschuldiging, dat de kinderen nog niet verstaan, wat zij doen. Dat den kinderen de volle kennis van het zondige hunner handelwijze ontbreekt, is ongetwijfeld juist; zou men echter met het tegengaan der gebreken wachten tot de volle rijpheid van het verstand, dan zouden ze voor het kind intusschen tot tweede natuur worden. Het onkruid moet men uitwieden, alvorens het diepe wortelen schiet, en de boom moet men buigen, zoolang hij jong is. Zoodra gij dus bij het kind eene slechte neiging ontwaart, moet gij ze tegenwerken, terwijl gij het kind in ernstige, krachtige woorden begrijpelijk maakt, dat deze neiging iets slechts en zondigs is, dat het daardoor den Vader in den hemel beleedigt en vertoornt, Zijne liefde verliest, en Zijne straf verdient. Laat het kind zich door zijne jeugdige lichtzinnigheid medesleepen bij de naaste gelegenheid wederom zijne verkeerde neiging te volgen, dan moet gij als zichtbare plaatsvervanger van den beleedigden Hemelschen Vader met eene gepaste straf, met eene strenge berisping, met uitsluiting van de gemeenschappelijke tafel of van een genoegen, met het onttrekken van eenig voedsel of met eene lichamelijke kastijding ingrijpen. Het aanwenden van lichamelijke straffen kan bij eene verstandige opvoeding niet geheel gemist worden, en wordt den ouders door God zelf in de H. Schrift bevolen: „Die de roede spaart, haat zij nen zoon; maar die hem lief heeft, tuchtigt hem tijdig" ,). Bij de aanwending van tuchtigingen moeten toch de ouders zich hoeden zich niet door den toorn te laten medesleepen, want daardoor zou meer bedorven dan gewonnen worden. „Te vergeefs is de berisping," zegt de wijze Sirach, „welke door eenen hoonende in drift geschiedt"2). Hier geldt 1) nQui parcit virgae, odit fllium suum : qui autera diligit illura, instanter erudit." Piov. XIII—24. '2) „Est correptio mendax in ira contumeliosi." Sir. XIX— 28. in 't bijzonder de vermaning van den psalmist: „Toornt en wilt niet zondigen"1). Het kind moet bij de tuchtiging ten allen tijde bemerken, dat niet oploopendheid en wraakzucht, maar plichtgevoel en liefde de ouders de roede in de hand drukt. Niet minder gewichtig voor het goed gevolg der straf is het samenwerken der ouders; want, als de verstandige vader het kind tuchtigt, en de onverstandige moeder den weenenden lieveling in bescherming neemt, en door vleierijen zoekt schadeloos te stellen en te bedaren, dan is de vrucht der straf vernietigd; er ontstaat in het kind het gevoel van een geleden onrecht en van afkeer tegen den vader, dat tot weerspannigheid tegen hem voert. Terwijl ik spreek over lichamelijke kastijding, wil ik ze niet onvoorwaardelijk als het hoofdmiddel eener goede opvoeding aanbevelen; integendeel houd ik die wijze van opvoeding, die geen ander tuchtmiddel kent dan den stok, voor de slechtste; want zij verhardt de harten der kinderen, maakt hen koppig en weerspannig en bereikt hoogstens een slaafsche gehoorzaamheid, welke geene zedelijke waarde en geen duur heeft. Daarom vermaant de H. Paulus: „En gij, vaders, wilt uwe kinderen niet 1) „lrascimini et nolite peccare." Ps. IV 5. tot verbittering uitdagen, maar voedt ze op in de leer en de tucht des Heeren" '). Het hoofdmiddel der opvoeding, hetwelk door nog zoovele slagen niet kan vervangen worden, blijft immer de inprenting eener kinderlijke vreeze Gods. Het beste voorbeeld van eenen goeden opvoeder blijft immer de oude Tobias, van welken de H. Schrift zegt: „En hij leerde hem van zijne kindsheid af God vreezen en zich onthouden van alle zonde"2). Hoe beter de ouders verstaan deze vreeze Gods in de harten der kinderen te prenten, des te zekerder kunnen zij hopen, dat de kinderen hunne vermaningen ook dan nog zullen volgen, wanneer zij aan de roede ontwassen zijn. Wanneer ik na deze algemeene aanmerkingen over de zedelijke opvoeding nu in bijzonderheden wilde treden, dan zou mij dat te ver voeren; ik moet mij derhalve er toe bepalen, eenige bijzonder gewichtige punten kort aan te raken. Leert de kinderen van de vroegste jeugd af de eigenzinnigheid breken en snel, gewillig en puntelijk gehoorzamen! Zonder gehoorzaamheid kan de mensch zijne plichten, van 1) „Et vos patres nolite ad iracundiam provocare filios vestros: sed educate illos in disciplina, et correptione Dornini." Eph. VI—4. 2) Quem ab infantia timere Deum docuit, et abstinere ab omni peccato." Tob. I—10. welken aard ook, niet vervullen. Gehoorzaamheid verlangt God, gehoorzaamheid verlangt Zijne H. Kerk, gehoorzaamheid verlangt de wereldlijke overheid; gehoorzaamheid verlangt de meester, de leeraar, de wetgever. Overal stoot de mensch op de grenzen der gehoorzaamheid, die zijnen eigen wil halt gebieden. De mensch hecht zich echter aan niets vaster dan aan zijn eigen wil; derhalve moet hij van de vroegste jeugd af aan het tegengaan van zijnen wil door de gehoorzaamheid aan den wil der ouders gewend worden. Vermaant de kinderen tot eerbied voor zielzorgers en leeraars, welke met u deel hebben aan de opvoeding, schimpt nooit op hen, en neemt de kinderen tegen hen niet in bescherming! Gewent uwe kinderen aan vlijt en arbeid, alsmede aan zelfbeheersching in het genot van spijs en drank, van spel en genot! Een mensch, die zich geene moeite geven, of zich niets ontzeggen kan, deugt niet voor het leven, en zal dikwijls zijne plichten ontrouw worden. Waakt zorgvuldig over de onschuld der kinderen, wekt in hen het schaamtegevoel, en geeft hun eene gevoelige straf, wanneer zij zich schuldig maken aan eene schending der zuiverheid! Zijt zelf in tegenwoordigheid der kinderen voorzichtig in den echtelijken omgang, en waakt erover, dat andere menschen, dienstboden en dergelijken, hun geene ergernis geven! Laat nooit knapen en meisjes bij elkander slapen of gebrekkig gekleed in de kamer rondloopen ! Zullen echter uwe pogingen in de opvoeding deikinderen met een goeden uitslag bekroond worden, dan moet gij u beijveren, hen in alles zelf meteen goed voorbeeld voor te gaan, en u hoeden, onder de oogen der kinderen zelf dat te doen, wat gij hun verbiedt of in hen berispt of bestraft, anders verwoest gij weldra weer het goed gevolg uwer lessen en vermaningen, of maakt ze van te voren reeds vruchteloos. Hoe zullen, om slechts een voorbeeld te geven, de vermaningen tot vredelievendheid en verdraagzaamheid op de kinderen eenen indruk maken, als de ouders zelf voor hunne oogen van tijd tot tijd het treurig schouwspel van eenen echtelijken twist opvoeren? Tracht derhalve zóó te leven, dat uw geheele doen en laten de kinderen tot richtsnoer van hun leven dienen kan! „De werken der ouders," zegt de H. Chrysostomus ergens, „zijn de boeken, waaruit de kinderen moeten leeren." Beschouwt de goede opvoeding uwer kinderen als de hoofdzaak van uw leven, als uwe gewichtigste bezigheid. Eene goede opvoeding is het beste erfdeel, dat de ouders hunne kinderen kunnen nalaten. III. Plichten jegens ouders en schoonouders. Doch niet alleen ouderlijke, maar ook kinderlijke plichten hebt gij te vervullen, wanneer gij het geluk hebt, zelf nog ouders en schoonouders te bezitten. Beoefent tegenover hen getrouw de kinderlijke plichten van eerbied en liefde! Houdt uwe ouders en schoonouders in eer! Vraagt hen in gewichtige aangelegenheden hun meening en hunnen raad! Verzoet hunnen levensavond door eene zorgvuldige, opmerkzame verpleging, bijzonder in de dagen van ziekte, en laat in het laatste geval bijtijds den geneesheer en den priester halen! Verschaft hun al wat zij kunnen verlangen ! Weest geduldig en voorkomend voor de in den ouderdom opkomende geestelijke en lichamelijke gebreken en bedenkt, dat ook bij u dergelijke gebreken eens zullen ontstaan! Wat gij voor uwe ouders en schoonouders doet, dat zullen ook uwe kinderen eenmaal voor u doen, wanneer gij zelf oud geworden zijt. Hier geldt in 't bijzonder het woord des Heilands: „met de maat, waarmede gij uitgemeten hebt, zal u uitgemeten worden" ')• Zouden echter, zooals dit helaas niet zelden geschiedt, uwe ouders u tegen elkander zoeken op te hitsen, u mistrouwen en afkeer tegen elkander zoeken in te boezemen, dan moogt gij hun geen gehoor schenken. Tusschen man en vrouw mag niemand zich mengen, zelfs niet de eigene ouders. „De man zal vader en moeder verlaten," zegt de H. Schrift, „en zal zijne echtgenoote aanhangen." IV. Plichten tegenover de dienstboden. Vervult verder ook uwe plichten als werkgevers! Zorgt, dat gij steeds dienstboden in huis hebt degelijk, en van goede zeden, reeds ter wille uwer kin- 1) „In qua mensura mensi fueritis, remetietur vobis." Matth. VII—2. deren, die door slechte dienstboden gemakkelijk tot het kwade kunnen worden overgehaald. Geeft hun tijd tot de vervulling hunner godsdienstplichten, in 't bijzonder tot het regelmatig bezoek van den kerkelijken dienst des Zondags, en vermaant hen tot vervulling dezer plichten. Verklaart uwe dienstboden bij de aanneming, dat gij van hen niet alleen vlijt en trouw, maar ook een goed, zedelijk gedrag verlangt, en geene uitspattingen duldt! Wordt gij bij uw dienstdoend personeel eenen misstap gewaar, dan wij pc hen met ernstige, liefdevolle woorden terecht, en stelt hun de kwade gevolgen hunner uitspattingen voor oogen! Gij moet immers, vooral voor jongere dienstboden, de plaats der ouders innemen. Toonen zich de dienstboden onverbeterlijk, dan verwijdert hen zoo spoedig mogelijk uit uwen dienst! Hebt gij mannelijke en vrouwelijke dienstboden, waakt dan zorgvuldig over hen, zondert hunne slaapplaatsen behoorlijk van elkander af, en laat hen niet op afgelegen plaatsen met elkander arbeiden! Geeft u ook de moeite, 's nachts meermalen na te gaan, of zij niet buitenshuis rondzwerven ! Zoekt u van deze voorzorg voor de dienstboden niet onder het voorwendsel af te maken: „het helpt immers toch niet!" Men kan zeker niet alles nagaan en alle misstappen verhinderen, maar HET HUWELIJK. 4 er is toch een groot onderscheid tusschen de dienstboden van een huis, waar alles ongestraft toegaat, en die van een ander huis, waar zij voor iederen ernstigen misstap eene berisping te verwachten hebben. Voor het overige behandelt de dienstboden welwillend ! Beveelt hun niet met hardheid en ruwheid! Overlaadt hen niet met arbeid! Geeft hun het bedongen loon, en een met hunnen arbeid overeenkomend onderhoud! Ziet menigmaal kleine nalatigheden over het hoofd, en berispt niet bij de geringste aanleiding met scherpe, beleedigende woorden! Dan zult gij in meer gewichtige zaken eene des te grootere gehoorzaamheid vinden. Zooals de dienstbode in zijnen dienstheer eenen plaatsvervanger Gods moet zien, zoo moet de heer in de dienstboden eenen christelijken medebroeder zien, en hem als zoodanig ook behandelen. V. Algemeene christenplichten. Vervult eindelijk naast deze bijzondere plichten van uwen staat als echtgenooten, ouders en werkgevers, ook uwe algemeene christenplichten nauwgezet. Laat geenen dag het gezamenlijk verrichten van het morgen- en avondgebed, en van het gebed aan tafel na. Voor de vervulling der plichten van uwen staat, en voor het dragen der lasten en der wederwaardigheden des levens hebt gij alle dagen den bijstand der Goddelijke genade noodig; Zijne genade geeft God echter slechts dengenen, die Hem daarom bidden. Woont iederen Zon- en feestdag de godsdienstoefeningen bij, en laat u van de vervulling dezer christenplichten niet door tijdelijke zaken afhouden, 's Zondags moet gij door het aandachtig bijwonen van het H. offer der Mis Gods zegen over uw werk van de volgende week aftrekken. Wie op aarde geene vreugde en geenen ijver in den dienst van God heeft, dien kan God eenmaal ook niet in den hemel beloonen. Hoort aandachtig Gods woord aan en verzuimt het niet onder voorwendsel, dat gij in den godsdienst behoorlijk onderricht zijt! Indien gij geen onderricht aangaande uwe christenplichten noodig hebt, dan hebt gij toch eene opwekking tot hare vervulling noodig. Slechte en lauwe christenen slechts laten het aanhooren van Gods woord na. „Die uit God is," zegt de Heiland, „hoort Gods woorden" '). Nadert meermalen 's jaars tot de H. H. Sacramenten der Biecht en des Altaars! Zou een der uwen door eene zware ziekte bezocht wor- 1) „Qui ex Deo est, verbi Dji aulit." Jjh. VIII — 47. den, dan verzuimt niet, den zieke op het gevaar opmerkzaam te maken en tot het tijdig ontvangen der H. H. Sacramenten der stervenden voor te bereiden ! Als wij ons heil willen bewerken, dan moeten wij ook de door Christus ingestelde genademiddelen gebruiken. Houdt vast aan uw H. Katholiek geloof; laat u het niet ontrooven door den van God vervreemden en Gode vijandigen tijdgeest, en schuwt bij geene gelegenheid, uw geloof door woord en daad voor de menschen te belijden! De leerstellingen en de geboden van den heiligen godsdienst moeten de richtsnoer van geheel uw leven zijn. Een mensch, die geen godsdienst heeft, heeft geenen steun in het uur der beproeving, geene kracht in het uur van het lijden, en geenen troost in het uur van den dood. Ziedaar eenige lessen en vermaningen aangaande plichten, welke gij zult te vervullen hebben. Wel zijn deze plichten talrijk en zwaar, en daarom zullen verloofden, welke niet lichtzinnig in het huwelijk treden, zich niet kunnen vrijwaren van een angstig gevoel voor den last en de verantwoording, die de toekomst brengen zal. Wanneer gij echter het huwelijk aangaat met den vasten wil, al uwe burgerlijke en christelijke plichten getrouw te vervullen, en u op het ontvangen van het H. Sacrament des huwelijks waardig voorbereidt, dan zal God u door dit Sacrament de rijke hulp Zijner genade verleenen, opdat gij ze ten allen tijde en onder alle omstandigheden getrouw zult kunnen vervullen. Donker ligt de toekomst van uw huwelijk voor u, zware beproevingen zullen wellicht uw deel worden. Wat echter ooit over u kome, het geluk van uw huwelijk zal niet verstoord kunnen worden. Zoolang gij uwe heilige verplichtingen niet ontrouw wordt, zal geen dag komen, waarop gij u berouwen zult, den huwelijksband met elkander gesloten te hebben. Rijk aan verdiensten zal uw leven, troostvol uw sterven, en groot uw loon in den hemel zijn. Dat geve God! INHOUDSTAFEL. Blz. A. Het ontvangen van het Sacrament des huwelUks . . 5 B. Plichten van den huweiyken staat 13 I. Plichten als echtgenooten 13 1. Echtelijke trouw 13 2. Echtelijke kuischheid 19 3. Echtelijke liefde ■ 24 4. Bijzondere plichten van den man 28 5. Bijzondere plichten van de vrouw 30 II. Plichten als ouders 32 III. Plichten tegenover ouders en schoonouders .... 47 IV. Plichten tegenover de dienstboden 48 V. Algemeene christenplichten 50 Bij den uitgever van dit boekje is nog verschenen en alom verkrijgbaar: i. LA VOCATION AU MARIAGE AU CÉLIBAT, A LA VIE RELIGIEUSE AU SACERDOCE. par le Père J. CÜPPIN, Rédemptoriste. Sixiènie Mille. Prijs f 1.10. Franco por post f 1.25. ir. V1VONS HEUREUX Oü PETIT TRAITÉ POPULAIRE DU BONHEUR par le Père J. COPPIN, Rédemptoriste. Huitième Mille. Prijs f 0.60. Franco per post f 0.725. Bestel bij uwen boekhandelaar of bij den uitgever H. G. VAN ALFEN te Amsterdam: UW LEVENSSTAAT DOOR J. T. J. FILBRY. Prijs gebonden f Ü.GO. Franco per post f 0.70. Dit is geen nieuw, doch een zeer interessant boek. Ziellier den inhoud. Na de voorrede volgt: 1 De keus van eenen levensstaat. II. De verhevener levensstaten. III. De wereldlijke staat. IV. Oude Kaatje in het gesticht. V. Hoe koppige Trui op haren ouden dag no| straatvenster werd? VI. Het beste middel. VII. Redenen, waarom gij nu ijverige jongens moe ziin. VIII. Luie Jaap. IX. Wilt niet te vroeg aan trouwen denken. X. Waarom men het huwelijk met te lang moet uitstellen. XI. Een tweede reden, waarom men het huwelijk niet te lang moet uitstellen. XII. Laatste redenen, om niet op te laten leeftijd tot een huwehj over te gaan. XIII. Huwelijksbeletselen XIV. Het huwelijksverbod „Gemengd huwelijk". XV. Waarom verbiedt de H. Kerk de huwelijken tusschen bloedverwanten? XVI. Vervolg. XVII. Het gemengd huwelijk XVIII De dood van een onboetvaardige. AlA. i>e opvoeding der kinderen in een gemengd huwelijk XX Het verschil des geloofs een gevaar voor het huwelijksgeluk. XXI. Over de keus vau een meisje. XXII. De toestemming der ouders. XX11I. Ue verK ring. XXIV. Laatste vermaningen. Abonneert u op: lectuur. Boekenschouw voor Wetenschap en Kunst. TIJDSCHRIFT ONDER BESTUUR VAN P. Buissink; Dr. P. Dirckx; J. M. J. Knaapen; H. W. E. Moller; Dr. L. Scharpé; Dr. Jos. Schrijnen; W. de Veer S.J.; Dr. Th. M. Vlaming. Verschijnt in maandelijksche afleveringen van minstens 3 vel of 48 bladzijden; aan iederen jaargang zal een algemeen register worden toegevoegd. De prijs bedraagt per jaar ƒ 5-5°> te voldoen in twee halfjaarlijksche termijnen van ƒ 2.75 elk. Voor België fr. 11.—. Men teekent in voor den geheelen jaargang. Afzonderlijke nümmers ƒ0.75; voor België fr. 1.50. Uitgave van H. G. van ALPEN", Amsterdam. Van de Serie GELOOF EN WETENSCHAP. STUDIËN VOOR ONZEN TIJD. ONDER REDACTIE VAN R. P. J. M. BOUMAN, S. J. zijn verschenen: no. i. De hedendaagsche Bewijsgronden van het Geloof. REDEVOERING GEHOUDEN DOOR FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE. NAAR HET FRANSCH DOOR J O S A H. Prijs 40 cents. fr. p.p. 45 cents. no. 2. Is Godsdienst noodig? VRIJ NAAR HET FRANSCH VAN GUYOT, DOOR AVUNCULUS. Prijs 40 cents. fr- P- P- 45 cents. Eenige oorspronkelijke studiën zijn in bewerking. Het doel dezer uitgave is de ontwikkelde leeken op wetenschappelijke wijze te volmaken in de kennis en verdediging dier waarheden, waartegen de dwalingen van onzen tijd vooral aandruischen. De prijs is 40 cents per boekje; wil men zich echter verbinden zes achtereenvolgende nummers te nemen, dan worden slechts vijf deeltjes berekend, zoodat het zesde gratis wordt bijgeleverd. In iederen boekhandel verkrijgbaar, zoomede bij den uitgever H. G. VAN ALFEN, Amsterdam.
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US-201213676174-A_1
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USPTO
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Public Domain
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Clock alias for timing analysis of an integrated circuit design
ABSTRACT
A timing analysis mechanism allows defining a clock alias that correlates a clock that is not present in an integrated circuit design to a real clock in the integrated circuit design. In a first implementation, when an existing user assertion references a clock alias, the timing analysis mechanism generates a new user assertion that references the real clock specified in the clock alias. The new user assertion is then used in the timing analysis and the existing user assertion is not. In a second implementation, when an existing user assertion references a clock alias, the timing analysis mechanism generates a duplicate clock in the timing database, preserving all its attributes, and then passes the assertion using the alias name as well as any assertions using the corresponding real clock name to the timing engine to be used in the timing analysis.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to integrated circuits, and more specifically relates to timing analysis of integrated circuit designs.
2. Background Art
The proliferation of modern electronics is due in large part to the development of the integrated circuit. Integrated circuits allow many different circuit elements to be implemented on a single chip. As technology advances, the number of circuit elements on a chip of a given size increases, enhancing the performance and reducing the cost of integrated circuits.
The design of integrated circuits is typically performed in three stages. The first stage is logic design, wherein the desired operation of the integrated circuit is defined. The second stage is logic synthesis, wherein the desired operation is translated into the required circuit elements for a given technology. The third stage is physical design, which assigns the placement of these elements and routing which creates the wire interconnect of these elements on the integrated circuit. Placement defines the location of the circuit elements on the integrated circuit. Routing defines interconnections between circuit elements.
At the logic synthesis stage, a static timing tool is typically used to perform a static timing analysis. Static timing analysis generally takes into account best-case and worst-case delays of various circuit elements, thereby generating a list of problems that need to be corrected. One common static timing tool developed by IBM is known as EinsTimer. EinsTimer is a sophisticated timing tool that performs static timing analysis on an integrated circuit design to identify potential timing problems with the design. EinsTimer includes sophisticated methods for performing the static timing analysis.
Static timing analysis tools typically operate based on technology rules and user assertions. For a sample design of a circuit, the circuit will have some delay as defined by the technology rules. User assertions define the performance target for the design. Known static timing analysis tools bind user assertions to a “clock” or “phase.” For example, the input of a design may expect a signal to arrive at time 100 if it is launched by clock A, but time 200 if launched by clock B. These different user assertions are applied at the same point and are differentiated by their clock. Known static timing analysis tools require clocks to be defined according to an arbitrary name. This can cause problems when two parts of the same design expect the same clock, but under different names. This can happen when a designer imports a logic block provided by a third party into a design. The design may have a clock named CLKA, but the third party logic block may have existing user assertions written in terms of a clock named CLKB. There are two solutions to this problem. The first is to rewrite the existing user assertions for the third party logic block to refer to CLKA instead of CLKB. This is not a viable solution because of the time required to rewrite all of the existing user assertions. In addition, if the third party supplier provides an updated set of user assertions, the effort to rewrite the user assertions will have to be repeated to take advantage of the updated user assertions. A second solution is for a designer to manually create a clock in the design named CLKB that mimics the characteristics of CLKA. However, it is common to have many hundreds of clocks in a design, which puts a significant burden on a designer to manually create many duplicate clocks that mimic the behavior of many other clocks. In addition, the process for manually defining duplicate clocks that mimic other real clocks is time-consuming and prone to user errors.
BRIEF SUMMARY
A timing analysis mechanism allows defining a clock alias that correlates a clock that is not present in the integrated circuit design to a real clock in the integrated circuit design. Clock aliases eliminate the need for a designer to manually create duplicate clocks that mimic the behavior of other real clocks. In a first implementation, when an existing user assertion references a clock alias, the timing analysis mechanism modifies the user assertion to generate a new user assertion that references the real clock specified in the clock alias. The new user assertion is then used in the timing analysis and the original (existing) user assertion is not. The user thus gets appropriate timing using clock names that are standard for the current design while not having to manually modify any original assertions that use a different name for the same clock. In a second implementation, when an existing user assertion references a clock alias, the timing analysis mechanism generates an actual duplicate clock in the timing database for the clock alias. This duplicate clock has all the attributes of the real base clock it mimics, including complicated exclusion, affinity, penalty, etc. relationships with all other clocks in the design. The aliasing mechanism then feeds the original assertions to the timing tool along with the real clock assertions. Both the new user assertion and the original user assertion are then used in the timing analysis. The user is thus prevented from making manual errors when setting up the duplicate clock to match the base clock it mimics. Additionally, the designer who manages the clock definitions does not have to be concerned about making sure to make appropriate and complicated changes to duplicate clock attributes when making updates to the base clock attributes that are often needed as complex designs progress.
The foregoing and other features and advantages will be apparent from the following more particular description, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)
The disclosure will be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus that performs timing analysis of an integrated circuit design using one or more clock aliases;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing additional features of the integrated circuit design 123 and the timing analysis mechanism 128 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method to create one or more clock aliases;
FIG. 4 is a sample command for creating a clock alias;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a first method for using a clock alias in timing analysis of an integrated circuit design;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram representing the first method in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a second method for using a clock alias in timing analysis of an integrated circuit design; and
FIG. 8 is a block diagram representing the second method in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The claims and disclosure herein provide a timing analysis mechanism that allows defining one or more clock aliases. The need for a clock alias arises when a design includes different labels for what should be the same clock. This can happen, for example, when a logic block from a third party is incorporated into a design, and the assertions provided by the third party are in terms of clock labels in the logic block, which may have different clock names that the rest of the design. Clock aliases are used to define a clock in terms of a real clock in the system. In a first implementation, the clock alias causes a user assertion that references the clock alias to be modified to generate a new user assertion that refers instead to the real clock. The new user assertion is then processed. This allows the existing user assertions provided by the third party to be used without the designer having to manually rename the clock names in the existing user assertions and without generating any duplicate real clocks. In a second implementation, the clock alias causes a duplicate clock to be generated in the timing database, and one or more new assertion(s) is/are generated. Both the original and the new assertion(s) are then processed by the timing mechanism. This allows the timing database to track the user assertions that reference a real clock separately from the user assertions that reference a duplicate clock corresponding to a clock alias, which will provide some indication of whether the real clock or the clock alias caused things to happen in the integrated circuit design.
Referring to FIG. 1, a computer system 100 is one suitable implementation of a computer system that performs timing analysis of an integrated circuit design. Computer system 100 is an IBM eServer System i computer system. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure herein applies equally to any computer system, regardless of whether the computer system is a complicated multi-user computing apparatus, a single user workstation, or an embedded control system. As shown in FIG. 1, computer system 100 comprises one or more processors 110, a main memory 120, a mass storage interface 130, a display interface 140, and a network interface 150. These system components are interconnected through the use of a system bus 160. Mass storage interface 130 is used to connect mass storage devices, such as a direct access storage device 155, to computer system 100. One specific type of direct access storage device 155 is a readable and writable CD-RW drive, which may store data to and read data from a CD-RW 195.
Main memory 120 preferably contains data 121, an operating system 122, an integrated circuit (IC) design 123, and a timing analysis mechanism 128. Data 121 represents any data that serves as input to or output from any program in computer system 100. Operating system 122 is a multitasking operating system. IC design 123 suitably includes logic blocks 124, interconnections 125, technology rules 126, and user assertions 127. Logic blocks 124 are basic building blocks that typically include transistor structures that define circuit components, such as gates and latches. Interconnections 125 are the connections between the logic blocks 124. Technology rules 126 define the performance for the integrated circuit design, and are based on the selected technology for the integrated circuit. Technology rules 126 typically specify the size of a logic block, and delay characteristics for a logic block. The user assertions 127 are rules provided to define the desired performance of the IC design 123. Often third-party logic blocks are available for incorporation into a design, which may include user assertions 127 pertaining to the logic block. Because the assertions provided by the third party may have clock names that do not match the clock names in the rest of the design, something must be done to account for the different names for the same clock.
Timing analysis mechanism 128 performs static timing analysis on an integrated circuit design 123. When there are different labels in the integrated circuit design that represent the same clock, a clock alias mechanism 129 may be used to create a clock alias 131 so the timing analysis mechanism knows how to perform the timing analysis of the IC design 123. Note that clock alias 131 may be a single clock alias, or may be multiple clock aliases, as required by the user assertions 127 in the IC design 123. The function of the clock alias mechanism 129 and how clock aliases 131 may be used by the timing analysis mechanism 128 are explained in more detail below.
Computer system 100 utilizes well known virtual addressing mechanisms that allow the programs of computer system 100 to behave as if they only have access to a large, single storage entity instead of access to multiple, smaller storage entities such as main memory 120 and DASD device 155. Therefore, while data 121, operating system 122, integrated circuit design 123 and timing analysis mechanism 128 are shown to reside in main memory 120, those skilled in the art will recognize that these items are not necessarily all completely contained in main memory 120 at the same time. It should also be noted that the term “memory” is used herein generically to refer to the entire virtual memory of computer system 100, and may include the virtual memory of other computer systems coupled to computer system 100.
Processor 110 may be constructed from one or more microprocessors and/or integrated circuits. Processor 110 executes program instructions stored in main memory 120. Main memory 120 stores programs and data that processor 110 may access. When computer system 100 starts up, processor 110 initially executes the program instructions that make up operating system 122.
Although computer system 100 is shown to contain only a single processor and a single system bus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a timing analysis mechanism for an integrated circuit design may be practiced using a computer system that has multiple processors and/or multiple buses. In addition, the interfaces that are used preferably each include separate, fully programmed microprocessors that are used to off-load compute-intensive processing from processor 110. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these functions may be performed using I/O adapters as well.
Display interface 140 is used to directly connect one or more displays 165 to computer system 100. These displays 165, which may be non-intelligent (i.e., dumb) terminals or fully programmable workstations, are used to provide system administrators and users the ability to communicate with computer system 100. Note, however, that while display interface 140 is provided to support communication with one or more displays 165, computer system 100 does not necessarily require a display 165, because all needed interaction with users and other processes may occur via network interface 150.
Network interface 150 is used to connect computer system 100 to other computer systems or workstations 175 via network 170. Network interface 150 broadly represents any suitable way to interconnect electronic devices, regardless of whether the network 170 comprises present-day analog and/or digital techniques or via some networking mechanism of the future. Network interface 150 preferably includes a combination of hardware and software that allow communicating on the network 170. Software in the network interface 150 preferably includes a communication manager that manages communication with other computer systems 175 via network 170 using a suitable network protocol. Many different network protocols can be used to implement a network. These protocols are specialized computer programs that allow computers to communicate across a network. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is an example of a suitable network protocol that may be used by the communication manager within the network interface 150.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Referring to FIG. 2, the IC design 123 may be analyzed by the timing analysis mechanism 128. The IC design 123 includes logic blocks 124, interconnections 125, and technology rules 126 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. We assume the user assertions 127 in FIG. 1 include a first set of user assertions 127A that refer to a clock as CLKA, and a second set of user assertions 127B that refer to the same clock as CLKB.
The timing analysis mechanism 128 includes a clock alias database 210 that includes multiple clock aliases 131, shown in FIG. 2 as clock alias 131A, clock alias 131B, . . . , clock alias 131N. The clock alias mechanism 129 is used to generate the clock aliases. The timing analysis mechanism 128 may be implemented to function in at least two different ways, discussed in detail below. A first implementation modifies an existing user assertion that references a clock alias to produce a modified assertion 230 that references a real clock instead. This allows user assertions that do not reference a real clock to be used by substituting the real clock specified in the clock alias in the user assertion. Note the modified assertion 230 is a new assertion 220 within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein. A second implementation generates a duplicate clock 250 in the timing database 240, and creates from an existing user assertion that references a clock alias a new assertion 220 for the real clock in the clock alias. The timing analysis mechanism 128 will then process the original user assertion in 127B for the duplicate clock, and the new user assertion 220 for the real clock in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design.
Referring to FIG. 3, a method 300 for defining one or more clock aliases begins with a user creating one or more clock aliases (step 310). The clock aliases are then entered into the clock alias database (step 320). Once the clock aliases are stored in the clock alias database, the timing analysis mechanism can use the clock aliases in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design.
FIG. 4 shows one suitable command 410 for a user to create a clock alias in step 310 in FIG. 3. A create_alias command is defined by the clock alias mechanism 129, with the first parameter referring to the real clock and the second parameter referring to the clock label that is used in some user assertions (e.g., 127B in FIG. 2) that does not represent a real clock in the integrated circuit design. Thus, when the user executes the create_alias CLKA CLKB command 410 shown in FIG. 4 in step 310 in FIG. 3, step 320 will create an entry in the clock alias database 210 that correlates the real clock CLKA to the alias CLKB. In the simplest implementation, each entry in the clock alias database is a tuple that specifies a real clock and an alias. This information allows correlating the alias CLKB with the real clock CLKA. Of course, other additional information could also be included in the clock alias database 210 within the scope of the disclosure and claims herein.
The timing analysis mechanism may be implemented in two different ways to use clock aliases. In the first implementation described in FIGS. 5 and 6, an existing user assertion that references a clock alias is modified to generate a new user assertion that references the real clock specified in the clock alias. Referring to FIG. 5, method 500 begins by selecting a user assertion to process (step 510). If the user assertion does not reference a clock alias (step 520=NO), this means the assertion references a real clock, and the assertion can then be processed normally (step 530). Method 500 is then done. If the selected assertion references a clock alias (step 520=YES), the real clock corresponding to the clock alias is determined (step 540). The real clock corresponding to a clock alias can be easily determined by looking at the definition of the clock alias in the clock alias database 210 in FIG. 2. If this assertion takes precedence (step 542=YES), the selected assertion is modified to substitute the real clock for the clock alias in the assertion (step 550). The modified assertion is then processed by the timing analysis mechanism (step 560). If this assertion does not take precedence over a previous assertion (step 542=NO), steps 550 and 560 are skipped. In the first implementation the assertion that referenced a clock alias is replaced with an assertion that references a real clock if the assertion takes precedence over one or more previous assertions. The result is that all user assertions, after the processing in method 500, will reference a real clock in the integrated circuit design.
A simple block diagram in FIG. 6 shows the operation of methods 300 in FIGS. 3 and 500 in FIG. 5. We assume at the outset a real clock CLKA is defined by the command create_clock CLKA shown at 602. In step 310 in FIG. 3, the user executes the clock alias command 410 in FIG. 4. In response, in step 320 the clock alias mechanism 129 creates an entry in the clock alias database 210 that correlates the real clock CLKA to the alias CLKB. When a user assertion 610 that is in terms of the clock alias CLKB is to be processed (step 510 and step 520=YES), the clock alias database 210 is consulted to determine the real clock that corresponds to the alias CLKB, namely CLKA (step 540). Next, if there are any previous assertions that conflict with the application of the new assertion, a resolution function is applied in 620 in FIG. 6 to determine which assertion takes precedence (step 542 in FIG. 5). One suitable way to resolve conflicting assertions in step 542 in FIG. 5 (block 620 in FIG. 6) is for the last assertion in time to override previous assertions. Another suitable way to resolve conflicting assertions is to give more weight to the real clock such that an equivalent assertion using an alias with a different value is not used if the real clock is already asserted. Yet another suitable way to resolve conflicting assertions is to use the most restrictive assertion. Of course, other heuristics could be used in resolving assertions to determine which takes precedence in step 542 in FIG. 5 and block 620 in FIG. 6. In the case where the resolution function determines that some other assertion takes precedence over the current assertion, the resolution function alerts the user to this fact so as to avoid ambiguity about which assertions are actually responsible for the timing results presented at the end of the analysis. The disclosure and claims herein extend to any suitable way to resolve conflicting assertions.
When the current assertion takes precedence, the assertion is modified to generate a new assertion that substitutes the real clock CLKA for the clock alias CLKB in the original assertion (step 550). The result is modified assertion 630, which is a new assertion that did not exist before in either set 127A or 127B in FIG. 2. The modified assertion 630 is then processed to the timing database 240 during the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design (step 560). The first implementation described above has the advantage of simplicity and increased performance. Because existing user assertions that reference a clock alias can be processed on-the-fly without the need for the user to create duplicate clocks and without the user having to rename the clock alias labels in the user assertions, the result is a timing analysis system that is very efficient. Note, however, the timing analysis in the timing database 240 cannot tell the difference between a real clock and a clock alias because all of the clock aliases were converted to real clocks in the modified assertions. Thus, if there are errors in the timing database 240, the user may not be able to easily tell whether the user assertion that was the cause of the error was in the first set of user assertions 127A that were provided by the user, or in the second set of user assertions 127B that were provided by a third party supplier of a logic block used in the integrated circuit design.
The second implementation is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Referring to FIG. 7, a method 700 begins by selecting a user assertion that references a clock alias (step 710). Next, the resolution function determines whether this assertion has precedence over any previous assertions (step 720). Step 720 is similar to step 542 in FIG. 5 described in detail above. Any suitable heuristic could be used to determine whether this assertion has precedence over any previous assertions in step 720. For example, the last assertion in time could override (take precedence) over previous assertions. An assertion with a real clock could be given precedence over an assertion with a clock alias. And an assertion that is more restrictive could take precedence over less restrictive assertions. If this assertion takes precedence (step 720=YES), and if the clock alias does not have a duplicate real clock in the timing database (step 730=NO), a duplicate clock is automatically generated in the timing database for the clock alias (step 740). If the duplicate clock already exists (step 730=YES), step 740 may be skipped. A new assertion is then generated for the real clock in the clock alias based on the selected assertion (step 750). At this point both the assertion selected in step 710 and the new assertion created by step 750 will be ready for processing by step 770. If this assertion does not take precedence over a previous assertion (step 720=NO), method 700 goes to step 760 and continues. If there are more assertions that reference a clock alias that need to be processed (step 760=YES), method 700 loops back to step 710 and continues until there are no more assertions that reference a clock alias that need to be processed (step 760=NO). Once the processing in steps 710-760 is complete, all the assertions are then processed (step 770). Note the assertions included in the processing in step 770 include the existing assertions 127A and 127B in FIG. 2, plus any new assertions that were generated in step 750 for real clocks. The principle behind method 700 is very simple: for every user assertion that references a clock alias, create a duplicate clock for that clock alias, and create a new similar assertion for the real clock. In this manner, all assertions for both real clocks and for duplicate clocks are performed on the all the real clocks.
A simple block diagram in FIG. 8 shows the operation of methods 300 in FIGS. 3 and 700 in FIG. 7. We assume at the outset a real clock CLKA is defined by the command create_clock CLKA shown at 602. In step 310 in FIG. 3, the user executes the clock alias command 410 in FIG. 4. In response, in step 320 the clock alias mechanism 129 creates an entry in the clock alias database 210 that correlates the real clock CLKA to the alias CLKB. A user assertion 610A that is in terms of the clock alias CLKB is selected to be processed (step 710). If there are previous assertions that conflict with this assertion, the resolution function 820 determines whether this assertion takes precedence (step 720). If so (step 720=YES), the timing database is checked to see if a duplicate clock for CLKB exists (step 730). We assume for this example that no such duplicate clock exists (step 730=NO). A duplicate clock CLKB is then automatically generated in the timing database to mimic the real clock CLKA (step 740). For the specific example in FIG. 8, step 740 is performed by executing the command create_clock from CLKA CLKB 810. The timing database 240 will now include a real clock CLKA and a duplicate real clock CLKB that mimics CLKA. A new assertion 220 is then generated from the original assertion 610A that references the real clock CLKA (step 750). The existing assertion 610A is also used as shown at 610B. Both assertions 220 and 610B will be processed, because each is now in terms of a real clock in the timing database 240. We assume there are no more assertions that reference a clock alias to process (step 760=NO), so the two assertions 220 and 610B shown in FIG. 8 will be processed by the timing analysis mechanism (step 770).
The second implementation creates many copies of clocks in the timing database, and it therefore does not provide the processing efficiencies present in the first implementation. However, the timing database 240 will include timing for all real clocks and all duplicate clocks corresponding to clock aliases, allowing the user to easily determine whether an assertion in set 127A or an assertion in set 127B created a particular timing problem in the integrated circuit design. In addition, the user is spared the risk of error in making complicated manual copies of real clocks and from having to replicate complicated changes to the definition of the real clock to a potentially large number of alias clocks.
The ability to create clock aliases as described herein gives rise to the concept of “chained aliases.” For example, let's assume the following three commands are provided by a designer:
create_clock CLKA create_alias CLKA CLKB create_alias CLKB CLKC The first creates a real clock CLKA. The second creates a clock alias CLKB from the real clock CLKA. The third creates a clock alias CLKC from the clock alias CLKB. Clocks CLKA, CLKB and CLKC are all equivalent, but CLKC is aliased to an alias instead of to a real clock. This may be desirable due to nested assertions from multiple pieces of third party logic, or for other reasons. In the first implementation described above in FIGS. 5 and 6, the command create_alias CLKB CLKC is changed to create_alias CLKA CLKC to link CLKC to the real clock CLKA. In the second implementation described above in FIGS. 7 and 8, an additional assertion_real_set_arrival A 123 CLKC will be added to the assertions 220 and 610B that are generated as shown in FIG. 8. The resolution function will be applied to the CLKC assertion just as it would be applied to the CLKB assertion.
The timing analysis mechanism described and claimed herein provides a way to generate clock aliases that correlate a real clock to a clock alias. In both implementations, the processing of a clock alias generates a new user assertion that references the real clock. The timing analysis mechanism thus supports using user assertions for a third party logic block that are in terms of a different clock label than the rest of the design without the user having to manually duplicate clocks in the timing database and without the user having to manually change the different clock label to the same clock label used in the rest of the design.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations are possible within the scope of the claims. Thus, while the disclosure is particularly shown and described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; an integrated circuit design residing in the memory, the integrated circuit design comprising a plurality of user assertions that each define a performance target for the integrated circuit design, the plurality of user assertions including a first user assertion that references a first clock and a second user assertion that references a second clock, wherein the first clock is a real clock in the integrated circuit design and the second clock does not correspond to a real clock in the integrated circuit design; a clock alias mechanism that creates a clock alias that correlates the second clock to the first clock; and a timing analysis mechanism that uses the clock alias to generate a new user assertion that references the first clock from an existing user assertion that references the second clock, the timing analysis mechanism performing timing analysis of the integrated circuit design using the new user assertion.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the timing analysis mechanism uses the new user assertion in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design and does not use the existing user assertion in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the timing analysis mechanism generates a duplicate clock corresponding to the second clock in a timing database in the integrated circuit design, and uses both the new user assertion and the existing user assertion in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design.
4. An article of manufacture comprising software stored on non-transitory recordable media, the software comprising: a clock alias mechanism that reads an integrated circuit design comprising a plurality of user assertions that each define a performance target for the integrated circuit design, the plurality of user assertions including a first user assertion that references a first clock and a second user assertion that references a second clock, wherein the first clock is a real clock in the integrated circuit design and the second clock does not correspond to a real clock in the integrated circuit design, wherein the clock alias mechanism creates a clock alias that correlates the second clock to the first clock; and a timing analysis mechanism that uses the clock alias to generate a new user assertion that references the first clock from an existing user assertion that references the second clock, the timing analysis mechanism performing timing analysis of the integrated circuit design using the new user assertion.
5. The article of manufacture of claim 4 wherein the timing analysis mechanism uses the new user assertion in the timing analysis and does not use the existing user assertion in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design.
6. The article of manufacture of claim 4 wherein the timing analysis mechanism generates a duplicate clock corresponding to the second clock in a timing database in the integrated circuit design, and uses both the new user assertion and the existing user assertion in performing the timing analysis of the integrated circuit design..
| 0.784752
| 0.025506
| 2,105
| 8,434
| 122
| -1
|
Digital Devices and Systems
| false
|
99,767
|
github_open_source_100_2_8259
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.modules.wx.service;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.common.persistence.Page;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.common.service.CrudService;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.modules.wx.dao.WxArticleDao;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.modules.wx.dao.WxMsgNewsDao;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.modules.wx.entity.WxArticle;
import com.sanrenxin.runxinnong.modules.wx.entity.WxMsgNews;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 微信文章Service
* @author wjx
* @version 1527669895
*/
@Service
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public class WxArticleService extends CrudService<WxArticleDao, WxArticle> {
@Resource
WxMsgNewsDao wxMsgNewsDao;
public WxArticle get(String id) {
return super.get(id);
}
public List<WxArticle> findList(WxArticle wxArticle) {
return super.findList(wxArticle);
}
public Page<WxArticle> findPage(Page<WxArticle> page, WxArticle wxArticle) {
return super.findPage(page, wxArticle);
}
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public void save(WxArticle wxArticle) {
super.save(wxArticle);
}
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public void delete(WxArticle wxArticle) {
super.delete(wxArticle);
}
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public void update(WxArticle article){
if(article.getNewsIndex().equals("0")){
WxMsgNews news = wxMsgNewsDao.get(article.getNewsId());
news.setTitle(article.getTitle());
news.setAuthor(article.getAuthor());
news.setBrief(article.getDigest());
news.setDescription(article.getContent());
news.setPicPath(article.getPicUrl());
news.setThumbMediaId(article.getThumbMediaId());
news.setFromUrl(article.getContentSourceUrl());
news.setShowPic(article.getShowCoverPic());
news.preUpdate();
wxMsgNewsDao.update(news);
}
article.preUpdate();
super.save(article);
}
}
| 0.528347
| 0.854916
| 3,824
| 15,201
| 242
| 242
|
Service Implementation Examples
| false
|
99,768
|
github_open_source_100_2_8260
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
; ===============================================================
; Stefano Bodrato
; ===============================================================
;
; void z180_pop_ei(void)
;
; Pop the ei_di_status from the stack and restore the di/ei
; state to what it was previously when a push was called.
;
; The "ei" in the function name has no bearing on what the
; function does; the name is meant to balance "z80_push_di".
;
; ===============================================================
SECTION code_clib
SECTION code_z180
PUBLIC asm_z180_pop_ei
PUBLIC asm0_z180_pop_ei
PUBLIC asm_z180_pop_ei_jp
PUBLIC asm_cpu_pop_ei
PUBLIC asm0_cpu_pop_ei
PUBLIC asm_cpu_pop_ei_jp
asm_z180_pop_ei:
asm_cpu_pop_ei:
; enter : stack = ei_di_status, ret
;
; uses : af
ex (sp),hl
pop af ; af = old hl
ex (sp),hl ; hl = ei_di_status
push af
ex (sp),hl ; hl restored
asm0_z180_pop_ei:
asm0_cpu_pop_ei:
asm_z180_pop_ei_jp:
asm_cpu_pop_ei_jp:
; enter : stack = ret, ei_di_status
;
; uses : af
pop af ; af = ei_di_status
jp po, di_state
ei_state:
ei
ret
di_state:
di
ret
| 0.45531
| 0.540666
| 3,182
| 12,637
| 282
| 282
|
Kernel/OS Source Code
| false
|
99,769
|
github_open_source_100_2_8261
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
var MsgMng = function () {
/**
* 将对应信息填充到对应的select
* @ param renderId [string] 标签id
* @ param data [array] 列表数据
*/
var updateList = function(renderId,data,selectTxt,callback){
var sortData = data.sort(function(a,b){return a.name - b.name;});
var len = sortData.length;
var options = '';
for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
var info = sortData[i];
if(selectTxt == info.name){
options += '<option class="addoption" selected=true value="'+info.id+'">' + HtmlDecode3(info.name) +'</option>';
}else{
options += '<option class="addoption" value="'+info.id+'">' + HtmlDecode3(info.name) +'</option>';
}
}
removeOption(renderId);
$('#' + renderId).append(options);
if(callback){
callback();
}
return;
};
/**
* 将对应信息填充到对应的select
* @ param renderId [string] 标签id
* @ param data [array] 列表数据
*/
var updateFloorList = function(renderId,data,selectTxt,callback){
var sortData = data.sort(function(a,b){return a.floor - b.floor;});
var len = sortData.length;
var options = '';
for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
var info = sortData[i];
if(selectTxt == sortData[i].floor){
options += '<option class="addoption" data-width="'+info.imgWidth+'" data-height="'+info.imgHeight+'" data-x="'+info.xo+'"data-y="'+info.yo+'" data-path="'+info.path+'" data-scale="'+info.scale+'" data-coordinate ="'+info.coordinate+'" selected=true value="'+sortData[i].floorNo+'">' + sortData[i].floor +'</option>';
}else{
options += '<option class="addoption" data-width="'+info.imgWidth+'" data-height="'+info.imgHeight+'" data-x="'+info.xo+'"data-y="'+info.yo+'" data-path="'+info.path+'" data-scale="'+info.scale+'" data-coordinate ="'+info.coordinate+'" value="'+sortData[i].floorNo+'">' + sortData[i].floor +'</option>';
}
}
removeOption(renderId);
$('#' + renderId).append(options);
if(callback){
callback();
}
return;
};
var updateFloorList1 = function(renderId,data,selectTxt,callback){
$("#zSel").find("option").remove();
var sortData = data.sort(function(a,b){return a.floor - b.floor;});
var len = sortData.length;
var options = '<option value=""></option>';
for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
var info = sortData[i];
if(selectTxt == sortData[i].floor){
options += '<option class="addoption" data-width="'+info.imgWidth+'" data-height="'+info.imgHeight+'" data-x="'+info.xo+'"data-y="'+info.yo+'" data-path="'+info.path+'" data-scale="'+info.scale+'" data-coordinate ="'+info.coordinate+'" selected=true value="'+sortData[i].floorNo+'">' + sortData[i].floor +'</option>';
}else{
options += '<option class="addoption" data-width="'+info.imgWidth+'" data-height="'+info.imgHeight+'" data-x="'+info.xo+'"data-y="'+info.yo+'" data-path="'+info.path+'" data-scale="'+info.scale+'" data-coordinate ="'+info.coordinate+'" value="'+sortData[i].floorNo+'">' + sortData[i].floor +'</option>';
}
}
removeOption(renderId);
$('#' + renderId).append(options);
return;
};
var clacImgZoomParam = function( maxWidth, maxHeight, width, height,x,y,coordinate){
var param = {top:0, left:0, width:width, height:height,x:x,y:y,coordinate:coordinate};
rateWidth = width / maxWidth;
rateHeight = height / maxHeight;
if( rateWidth > rateHeight ){
param.width = maxWidth;
param.height = Math.round(height / rateWidth);
}else{
param.width = Math.round(width / rateHeight);
param.height = maxHeight;
}
param.left = Math.round((maxWidth - param.width) / 2);
param.top = Math.round((maxHeight - param.height) / 2);
param.zoomScale = width / param.width;
return param;
};
var deleteInput = function(xSpot, ySpot, x1Spot,y1Spot,floorNo,categoryId,id){
if(confirm(i18n_deleteInfo))
{
$.post("/sva/input/api/deleteData",{xSpot:xSpot, ySpot:ySpot,x1Spot:x1Spot,y1Spot:y1Spot,floorNo:floorNo,categoryId:categoryId},function(data){
if(!data.error){
var obj = document.getElementById(id);
obj=obj.parentNode;
obj=obj.parentNode;
obj.parentNode.removeChild(obj);
MsgMng.initMsgTable();
}
});
}else
{
return false;
}
};
var removeOption = function(renderId){
$('#'+renderId+' .addoption').remove().trigger("liszt:updated");
};
return {
initSelect: function(){
$.get("/sva/store/api/getData?t="+Math.random(),function(data){
if(!data.error){
updateList("placeSel",data.data);
}
});
$.get("/sva/category/api/getData?t="+Math.random(),function(data){
if(!data.error){
updateList("category",data.data);
}
});
},
bindClickEvent: function(){
// 地点下拉列表修改 触发楼层下拉列表变化
$("#placeSel").on("change", function(){
var placeId = $("#placeSel").val();
yanzheng(this);
$.post("/sva/heatmap/api/getFloorsByMarket",{placeId:placeId}, function(data){
if(!data.error){
updateFloorList1("zSel",data.data);
}
});
$('a[href="#myModal1"]').attr("disabled","disabled");
$("#search").hide();
});
// 楼层下拉列表修改 触发选择坐标时地图变化
$("#zSel").on("change", function(){
var lastVal = this.validform_lastval;
if (lastVal!=null)
{
this.validform_lastval = null;
}
var opts = $("#zSel option");
var selectedOpt = opts[$(this)[0].selectedIndex];
if($("#zSel").val() != " "){
var width = $(selectedOpt).data("width"),
height = $(selectedOpt).data("height"),
path = $(selectedOpt).data("path"),
scale = $(selectedOpt).data("scale");
coordinate = $(selectedOpt).data("coordinate");
x = $(selectedOpt).data("x");
y = $(selectedOpt).data("y");
var MAXWIDTH = document.getElementById("body").offsetWidth * 0.8;
var MAXHEIGHT = 500;
rect = clacImgZoomParam(MAXWIDTH, MAXHEIGHT, width, height,x,y,coordinate);
rect.scale = scale;
$("#preview").empty();
$("#preview").css({
"width" : rect.width + "px",
"height" : rect.height + "px",
"x" : rect.x + "px",
"y" : rect.y + "px",
"coordinate" :rect.coordinate,
"margin-left" : rect.left + 'px',
"margin-top" : rect.top + 'px',
"background-image": "url(../upload/" + path + ")",
"background-size":"cover",
"-moz-background-size": "cover"
});
$("#areapreview").empty();
$("#areapreview").css({
"width" : rect.width + "px",
"height" : rect.height + "px",
"x" : rect.x + "px",
"y" : rect.y + "px",
"coordinate" :rect.coordinate,
"margin-left" : rect.left + 'px',
"margin-top" : rect.top + 'px',
"background-image": "url(../upload/" + path + ")",
"background-size":"cover",
"-moz-background-size": "cover"
});
$('a[href="#myModal1"]').attr("disabled",false);
}else{
$('a[href="#myModal1"]').attr("disabled","disabled");
}
if($("#zSel").val() != " "){
$("#search").show();
}else{
$("#search").hide();
}
});
$("a[data-type='point']").on("click",function(e){
$("#Ok").attr("disabled","disabled");
if(typeof($(this).attr("disabled"))!="undefined"){
e.preventDefault();
return false;
}
Ploy.clearPaper();
// $("#pointY2").val("");
});
$('#preview').click(function(e){
var left=e.pageX;
var top = e.pageY;
var o = {
left : left,
top : top
};
var datas = Ploy.getData();
if (datas.length < 2) {
Ploy.makeRect('#preview', o);
// Ploy.addPoint(top,left);
var t = top - $('#preview').offset().top;
var l = left - $('#preview').offset().left;
if (datas.length < 1) {
$("#x0").val(l);
$("#y0").val(t);
} else {
$("#x1").val(l);
$("#y1").val(t);
$("#Ok").attr("disabled",false);
}
}
});
$(".clearPaper").on("click", function(e) {
Ploy.clearPaper();
$("#Ok").attr("disabled","disabled");
$("#alertBoxScale").hide();
$("#x0").val("");
$("#y0").val("");
$("#x1").val("");
$("#y1").val("");
// $("#Ok").attr("disabled","disabled");
});
$("#Ok").on("click",function(e){
//判断原点位置
var px1 = $("#x0").val();
var px2;
var py1;
var py2;
if(px1){
var coordinate = rect.coordinate;
switch (coordinate){
case "ul":
px1 = $("#x0").val();
py1 = $("#y0").val();
px2 = $("#x1").val();
py2 = $("#y1").val();
break;
case "ll":
imagey = rect.height;
px1 = $("#x0").val();
py1 = imagey-$("#y0").val();
px2 = $("#x1").val();
if(px2){
py2 = imagey-$("#y1").val();
}else{
py2 = $("#y1").val();
}
break;
case "ur":
imagex = rect.width ;
px1 =imagex-$("#x0").val();
py1 = $("#y0").val();
py2 = $("#y1").val();
if(py2){
px2 = imagex-$("#x1").val();
}else{
px2 = $("#x1").val();
}
break;
case "lr":
imagex = rect.width ;
imagey = rect.height;
var x1test = $("#x0").val();
var x2test = $("#x1").val();
if(x1test){
px1 = imagex-$("#x0").val();
py1 = imagey-$("#y0").val();
}else{
px1 = $("#x0").val();
py1 = $("#y0").val();
}
if(x2test){
px2 = imagex-$("#x1").val();
py2 = imagey-$("#y1").val();
}else{
px2 = $("#x1").val();
py2 = $("#y1").val();
}
break;
}
var scale = rect.scale;
if(parseFloat(px1) <parseFloat(px2)){
$("#pointX1").val(((parseFloat(px1)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.x)).toFixed(2));
$("#pointX2").val(((parseFloat(px2)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.x)).toFixed(2));
}else{
$("#pointX1").val(((parseFloat(px2)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.x)).toFixed(2));
$("#pointX2").val(((parseFloat(px1)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.x)).toFixed(2));
}
if(parseFloat(py1) < parseFloat(py2)){
$("#pointY1").val(((parseFloat(py1)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.y)).toFixed(2));
$("#pointY2").val(((parseFloat(py2)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.y)).toFixed(2));
}else{
$("#pointY1").val(((parseFloat(py2)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.y)).toFixed(2));
$("#pointY2").val(((parseFloat(py1)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.y)).toFixed(2));
}
$("#pointX1").blur();
$("#pointY1").blur();
$("#pointX2").blur();
$("#pointY2").blur();
$("#myModal1").modal('hide');
$("#alertBoxScale").hide();
}else{
$("#infoScale").text(i18n_choose_title);
$("#alertBoxScale").show();
}
});
function AreaMakeRect(el,x,y,x1,y1){
//var width=document.getElementById("preview").style.width;
//var height=document.getElementById("preview").style.height;
//通过得到的实际米数计算出象数
//$("#pointX1").val(((parseFloat(px1)*rect.zoomScale)/parseFloat(scale)-parseFloat(rect.x)).toFixed(2));
var scale = rect.scale;
px = ((parseFloat(x)+parseFloat(rect.x))*parseFloat(scale)/rect.zoomScale).toFixed(2);
py = ((parseFloat(y)+parseFloat(rect.y))*parseFloat(scale)/rect.zoomScale).toFixed(2);
px1 = ((parseFloat(x1)+parseFloat(rect.x))*parseFloat(scale)/rect.zoomScale).toFixed(2);
py1 = ((parseFloat(y1)+parseFloat(rect.y))*parseFloat(scale)/rect.zoomScale).toFixed(2);
var coordinate = rect.coordinate;
switch (coordinate){
case "ul":
break;
case "ll":
imagey = rect.height;
px = px;
py = imagey-py;
px1 = px1;
if(px1){
py1= imagey-py1;
}else{
py1 = py1;
}
break;
case "ur":
imagex = rect.width ;
px =imagex-px;
py = py;
py1 = py1;
if(py1){
px1 = imagex-px1;
}else{
px1 = px1;
}
break;
case "lr":
imagex = rect.width ;
imagey = rect.height;
var x1test = px1;
var x2test = py1;
if(x1test){
px = imagex-px;
py = imagey-py;
}else{
px = px;
py = py;
}
if(x2test){
px1 = imagex-px1;
py1= imagey-py1;
}else{
px1 = py1;
py1 = py1;
}
}
//生成路径
var path = "M"+px+","+py
+" L"+px1+","+py
+" L"+px1+","+py1
+" L"+px+","+py1
+" L"+px+","+py;
// Ploy.paper.clear();
// pager.remove();
Ploy.paper.path(path).attr({
stroke:'#1791fc',
'stroke-width':3,
opacity:.7,
fill:"none"
});
}
$("a[data-type='preview']").on("click",function(e){
if(typeof($(this).attr("disabled")) != "undefined"){
e.preventDefault();
return false;
}
Ploy.clearPaper();
var zSel = $("#zSel").val();
$.post("/sva/input/api/getArea",{zSel:zSel},function(data){
if(!data.error){
var ploy = Raphael("areapreview",rect.width,rect.height);
Ploy.paper = ploy;
var areas = data.data
for ( var i = 0; i < data.data.length; i++) {
// Ploy.paper.clear();
var x = areas[i].xSpot;
var y = areas[i].ySpot;
var x1 = areas[i].x1Spot;
var y1 = areas[i].y1Spot;
AreaMakeRect('#areapreview',x,y,x1,y1);
}
}
});
});
$("input[data-type='del']").live("click",function(e){
var xSpot = $(this).data("xspot"),
ySpot = $(this).data("yspot"),
x1Spot = $(this).data("x1spot"),
y1Spot = $(this).data("y1spot"),
floorNo = $(this).data("floorno"),
categoryId = $(this).data("categoryid");
id = $(this).data("id");
deleteInput(xSpot, ySpot, x1Spot,y1Spot,floorNo,categoryId,id);
});
// $("input[data-type='fuhzi']").live("click",function(e){
// var xSpot = $(this).data("xspot"),
// ySpot = $(this).data("yspot"),
// x1Spot = $(this).data("x1spot"),
// y1Spot = $(this).data("y1spot"),
// floorNo = $(this).data("floorno"),
// categoryId = $(this).data("categoryid");
// id = $(this).data("id");
// deleteInput(xSpot, ySpot, x1Spot,y1Spot,floorNo,categoryId,id);
// });
$("#confirm").on("click",function(e){
var areaName= $("#areaName").val();
var id= $("#idid").val();
var param ={
id : id,
name : areaName
};
$.ajax({
"dataType": 'json',
"type": "POST",
"url": "/sva/areamap/api/checkName",
"data": param,
"success": function(data){
if(data.error){
$(".sameInfo").addClass("Validform_wrong");
$(".sameInfo").text(i18n_sameName);
return false;
}else{
$(".demoform").submit();
}
}
});
});
$("input[data-type='edt']").live("click",function(e){
$(".demoform").Validform().resetForm();
$(".sameInfo").removeClass("Validform_wrong");
$(".sameInfo").text("");
$('a[href="#myModal1"]').attr("disabled",false);
var placeId = $(this).data("placeid");
var category = $(this).data("categoryid");
var rowObj = $(this)[0].parentNode.parentNode;
var row = $(this).parent().parent();
var data1 = oTable.fnGetData(row[0]);
console.log(rowObj);
var floor = rowObj.childNodes[1].innerHTML,
areaName = $(rowObj.childNodes[3].childNodes[0]).attr("title"),
isVipId = rowObj.childNodes[4].innerHTML,
xSpot = rowObj.childNodes[5].innerHTML,
ySpot = rowObj.childNodes[6].innerHTML,
x1Spot = rowObj.childNodes[7].innerHTML,
y1Spot = rowObj.childNodes[8].innerHTML
//MapMng.deleteMap(xSpot, ySpot, zSpot, place);
$("#placeSel").val(placeId);
$.post("/sva/heatmap/api/getFloorsByMarket",{placeId:placeId}, function(data){
if(!data.error){
$("#idid").val(data1.id);
updateFloorList("zSel",data.data,floor,function(){$("#zSel").change();});
}
});
$("input[name='areaName']").val(HtmlDecode2(areaName));
$("input[name='xSpot']").val(xSpot);
$("input[name='ySpot']").val(ySpot);
$("input[name='x1Spot']").val(x1Spot);
$("input[name='y1Spot']").val(y1Spot);
if(isVipId=="是"){
isVipId = "Y";
}else {
isVipId = "N";
}
$("#isVipId").val(isVipId);
$("#category").val(category);
$("#editBox").show();
});
$("input[data-type='fuzhi']").live("click",function(e){
$(".demoform").Validform().resetForm();
$(".sameInfo").removeClass("Validform_wrong");
$(".sameInfo").text("");
$('a[href="#myModal1"]').attr("disabled",false);
var placeId = $(this).data("placeid");
var category = $(this).data("categoryid");
var rowObj = $(this)[0].parentNode.parentNode;
var row = $(this).parent().parent();
var data1 = oTable.fnGetData(row[0]);
var floor = rowObj.childNodes[1].innerHTML,
areaName = $(rowObj.childNodes[3].childNodes[0]).attr("title"),
xSpot = rowObj.childNodes[5].innerHTML,
ySpot = rowObj.childNodes[6].innerHTML,
x1Spot = rowObj.childNodes[7].innerHTML,
y1Spot = rowObj.childNodes[8].innerHTML
//MapMng.deleteMap(xSpot, ySpot, zSpot, place);
$("#placeSel").val(placeId);
$.post("/sva/heatmap/api/getFloorsByMarket",{placeId:placeId}, function(data){
if(!data.error){
// $("#idid").val(data1.id);
updateFloorList("zSel",data.data,floor,function(){$("#zSel").change();});
}
});
$("input[name='areaName']").val(HtmlDecode2(areaName));
$("input[name='xSpot']").val(xSpot);
$("input[name='ySpot']").val(ySpot);
$("input[name='x1Spot']").val(x1Spot);
$("input[name='y1Spot']").val(y1Spot);
$("#category").val(category);
$("#editBox").show();
});
},
initMsgTable:function(){
$.get("/sva/input/api/getTableData?t="+Math.random(),function(data){
if(!data.error){
console.log(data);
if(oTable){oTable.fnDestroy();};
oTable = $('#table').dataTable({
"bProcessing": true,
"sDom": 'rt<"toolbar"lp<"clearer">>',
"sPaginationType": "full_numbers",
"aaData":data.data,
"bStateSave": true,
"aoColumnDefs": [
{
"aTargets": [0],
// "bVisible": false,
"mData": "place",
"mRender": function ( data, type, full ) {
if (data.length>10) {
var html = data.substring(0,10)+"...";
html = '<span title="'+data+'">'+HtmlDecode3(html)+'</span>';
return html;
}
return '<span title="'+HtmlDecode3(data)+'">'+HtmlDecode3(data)+'</span>';
}
},
{
"aTargets": [1],
"mData": "floor"
},
{
"aTargets": [2],
"mData": "category"
},
{
"aTargets": [3],
"mData": "areaName",
"mRender": function ( data, type, full ) {
if (data.length>10) {
var html = data.substring(0,10)+"...";
html = '<span title="'+data+'">'+HtmlDecode3(html)+'</span>';
return html;
}
return '<span title="'+HtmlDecode3(data)+'">'+HtmlDecode3(data)+'</span>';
}
},
{
"aTargets": [4],
"mData": "isVip",
"mRender": function ( data, type, full ) {
if (data=="Y") {
return "是";
}else {
return "否";
}
}
},
{
"aTargets": [5],
"mData": "xSpot"
},
{
"aTargets": [6],
"mData": "ySpot"
},
{
"aTargets": [7],
"mData": "x1Spot"
},
{
"aTargets": [8],
"mData": "y1Spot"
},
{
"aTargets": [9],
"bSortable": false,
"bFilter": false,
"mData": function(source, type, val) {
return "";
},
"mRender": function ( data, type, full ) {
var html = "" +
'<input type="button" style="width: 53px;height:30px;font-size: 13px;font-family:inherit;" data-type="fuzhi" data-placeid="'+full.placeId+'" data-categoryid="'+full.categoryId+'" data-id="'+full.floorid+'" value="'+i18n_fuzhi+'">' +
'<input type="button" data-type="edt" style="width: 54px;height:30px;font-size: 13px;font-family:inherit;" data-placeid="'+full.placeId+'" data-categoryid="'+full.categoryId+'" data-xSpot="'+full.xSpot+'" data-x1Spot="'+full.x1Spot+'"data-ySpot="'+full.ySpot+'" data-y1Spot="'+full.y1Spot+'"data-floorno="'+full.floorNo+'" value="'+i18n_edit+'" id="'+full.id+' ">' +
'<input type="button" data-type="del" style="width: 54px;height:30px;font-size: 13px;font-family:inherit;" data-floorNo="'+full.floorNo+'" data-categoryid="'+full.categoryId+'" id="'+full.id+'" data-id="'+full.id+'" data-xSpot="'+full.xSpot+'"data-x1Spot="'+full.x1Spot+'" data-ySpot="'+full.ySpot+'" data-y1Spot="'+full.y1Spot+'" value="'+i18n_delete+'">';
//'<a data-type="preview" role="button" class="btn" style="font-size:13px;" data-floorNo="'+full.floorNo+'" id="'+full.id+'" data-xSpot="'+full.xSpot+'" data-ySpot="'+full.ySpot+'" data-pictrue="'+full.pictruePath+'">'+i18n_Preview+'</a>';
return html;
}
}
],
"fnCookieCallback": function (sName, oData, sExpires, sPath) {
// Customise oData or sName or whatever else here
var newObj = {iLength:oData.iLength};
return sName + "="+JSON.stringify(newObj)+"; expires=" + sExpires +"; path=" + sPath;
}
});
}
});
}
};
}();
function checkMsg()
{
var placeSel =$("#placeSel").val();
var floor=$("select[name='floorNo']").find("option:selected").text();
var areaName=$("input[name='areaName']").val();
var xSpot=$("input[name='xSpot']").val();
var ySpot=$("input[name='ySpot']").val();
var x1Spot=$("input[name='x1Spot']").val();
var y1Spot=$("input[name='y1Spot']").val();
if (xSpot==""||ySpot==""||floor==""||x1Spot == "" || y1Spot=="" || placeSel == ""||areaName== "") {
alert(i18n_info);
return false;
}
}
function HtmlDecode2(str) {
var str1 = str.replace(/</g,"<");
var str2 = str1.replace(/>/g,">");
var str3 = str2.replace(/&/g,"&");
var str4 = str3.replace(/"/g,"\"");
var str5 = str4.replace(/'/g,"\'");
return str5;
}
function estimateOnkeyup(str)
{
if (isNaN(str.value)&&!isNaN(str.value.substring(0,str.value.length-1))) {
str.value = str.value.substring(0,str.value.length-1);
str.focus();
return false;
}
if(isNaN(str.value)&&isNaN(str.value.substring(0,str.value.length-1)))
{
str.value = "";
str.focus();
return false;
}
if (str.value.split(".").length<2) {
var a = parseInt(str.value.substring(str.value.length-1,str.value.length));
if (a<0)
{
str.value = str.value.substring(0,str.value.length-1);
str.focus();
return false;
}
}else
{
var c = str.value.split(".")[1];
var b = str.value.split(".")[0];
if (c.length>2)
{
str.value = str.value.substring(0,b.length+3);
str.focus();
return false;
}else
{
if (isNaN(str.value))
{
str.value = str.value.substring(0,str.value.length-1);
str.focus();
return false;
}else
{
if(str.value.split(".")[1]!=""&&str.value.split(".")[1]!="0"&&str.value.split(".")[1]!="00")
{
str.value = parseFloat(str.value);
str.focus();
return false;
}
return false;
}
}
}
}
function addMap()
{
$("#search").hide();
$(".demoform").Validform().resetForm();
$(".sameInfo").removeClass("Validform_wrong");
$(".sameInfo").text("");
clearinfo();
$("#editBox").show();
}
function hideAdd()
{
$(".demoform").Validform().resetForm();
clearinfo();
$("#editBox").hide();
}
function clearinfo()
{
$("#placeSel").val("");
$("#zSel").val("");
$("#areaName").val("");
$("#pointX1").val("");
$("#pointY1").val("");
$("#pointX2").val("");
$("#pointY2").val("");
$("#idid").val("");
$("#zSel").find("option").remove();
}
function closeModel()
{
$("#myModal").modal('hide');
//$("#movie").empty();
}
| 0.195348
| 0.843769
| 3,814
| 15,180
| 82
| -1
|
JavaScript UI & Backend
| false
|
99,770
|
github_open_source_100_2_8262
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package org.neo4j.extension.timestamp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.Direction;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.Node;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.PropertyContainer;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.Relationship;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.RelationshipType;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.event.PropertyEntry;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.event.TransactionData;
import org.neo4j.graphdb.event.TransactionEventHandler;
/**
* a {@see TransactionEventHandler} that
* <ul>
* <li>generates and updates "modified" properties for each new node and
* relationship</li>
* </ul>
*/
public class TimestampTransactionEventHandler<T> implements
TransactionEventHandler<T> {
public static final String MODIFIED_TIMESTAMP_PROPERTY_NAME = "modified";
public static final String CREATED_TIMESTAMP_PROPERTY_NAME = "created";
private boolean addCreated = false;
private List<TimestampCustomPropertyHandler> customPropertyHandlers = null;
public TimestampTransactionEventHandler(boolean addCreated, List<TimestampCustomPropertyHandler> customPropertyHandlers) {
this.addCreated = addCreated;
this.customPropertyHandlers = customPropertyHandlers;
}
@Override
public T beforeCommit(TransactionData data) throws Exception {
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
updateParentTimestampsFor(data.assignedRelationshipProperties(), currentTime);
updateParentTimestampsFor(data.assignedNodeProperties(), currentTime);
// With removed properties, don't update when node is being deleted
updateRemoveTimestampsFor(data.removedRelationshipProperties(), data.deletedRelationships(), currentTime);
updateRemoveTimestampsFor(data.removedNodeProperties(), data.deletedNodes(), currentTime);
updateTimestampsFor(data.createdNodes(), currentTime);
if (this.addCreated){
addCreatedTimestampFor(data.createdNodes(), currentTime);
}
// For created relationships, update both start and end node, and relationship itself
Iterable<Relationship> createdRelationships = data.createdRelationships();
Set<PropertyContainer> updatedPropertyContainers = null;
for (Relationship relationship : createdRelationships) {
if (updatedPropertyContainers == null)
updatedPropertyContainers = new HashSet<PropertyContainer>();
updatedPropertyContainers.add(relationship.getEndNode());
updatedPropertyContainers.add(relationship.getStartNode());
}
updateTimestampsFor(updatedPropertyContainers, currentTime);
updateTimestampsFor(createdRelationships, currentTime);
if (this.addCreated){
addCreatedTimestampFor(createdRelationships, currentTime);
}
// Process custom relationships
if (customPropertyHandlers != null && !customPropertyHandlers.isEmpty()){
for (TimestampCustomPropertyHandler cpr : customPropertyHandlers){
for (PropertyEntry<Node> assignedProperty : data.assignedNodeProperties()){
if (cpr.getCustomPropertyName() == assignedProperty.key()){
// Assigned custom property found, process modifications
updateCustomRelationshipModifiedTimestampsFor(
assignedProperty.entity(),
cpr.getModifiedRelationshipTypes(),
cpr.getDirection(),
currentTime);
}
}
for (PropertyEntry<Node> removedProperty : data.removedNodeProperties()){
if (cpr.getCustomPropertyName() == removedProperty.key()){
// Removed custom property found, process modifications to relationships
updateCustomRelationshipModifiedTimestampsFor(
removedProperty.entity(),
cpr.getModifiedRelationshipTypes(),
cpr.getDirection(),
currentTime);
}
}
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public void afterCommit(TransactionData data, java.lang.Object state) {
}
@Override
public void afterRollback(TransactionData data, java.lang.Object state) {
}
private void updateParentTimestampsFor(Iterable<? extends PropertyEntry<?>> propertyEntries, long currentTime) {
if (propertyEntries == null) return;
Set<PropertyContainer> updatedPropertyContainers = null;
for (PropertyEntry<?> propertyEntry : propertyEntries) {
if (updatedPropertyContainers == null)
updatedPropertyContainers = new HashSet<PropertyContainer>();
updatedPropertyContainers.add(propertyEntry.entity());
}
if (updatedPropertyContainers != null)
updateTimestampsFor(updatedPropertyContainers, currentTime);
}
private void updateRemoveTimestampsFor(Iterable<? extends PropertyEntry<?>> propertyEntries, Iterable<? extends PropertyContainer> deletedPropertyContainers, long currentTime) {
if (propertyEntries == null) return;
Set<PropertyContainer> updatedPropertyContainers = null;
for (PropertyEntry<?> propertyEntry : propertyEntries) {
Set<?> deletedPropertyContainerSet = propertyContainersToSet(deletedPropertyContainers);
if (deletedPropertyContainerSet == null || !deletedPropertyContainerSet.contains(propertyEntry.entity())){
if (updatedPropertyContainers == null)
updatedPropertyContainers = new HashSet<PropertyContainer>();
updatedPropertyContainers.add(propertyEntry.entity());
}
}
if (updatedPropertyContainers != null)
updateTimestampsFor(updatedPropertyContainers, currentTime);
}
private void updateCustomRelationshipModifiedTimestampsFor(
Node node,
List<RelationshipType> customRelationshipTypes,
Direction direction,
long currentTime){
List<Relationship> relationshipsToUpdate = null;
for (RelationshipType customRelationshipType : customRelationshipTypes){
for (Relationship relationship : node.getRelationships(direction)){
if (relationship.isType(customRelationshipType)){
// Found a relationship to update
if (relationshipsToUpdate == null)
relationshipsToUpdate = new ArrayList<Relationship>();
relationshipsToUpdate.add(relationship);
}
}
}
if (relationshipsToUpdate != null){
List<PropertyContainer> propertyContainersToUpdate =
new ArrayList<PropertyContainer>(relationshipsToUpdate.size() * 2);
for (Relationship relationshipToUpdate : relationshipsToUpdate){
propertyContainersToUpdate.add(relationshipToUpdate);
// Also update the node at the other end of the relatioship
if (relationshipToUpdate.getEndNode().getId() != node.getId()){
propertyContainersToUpdate.add(relationshipToUpdate.getEndNode());
}else if (relationshipToUpdate.getStartNode().getId() != node.getId()){
propertyContainersToUpdate.add(relationshipToUpdate.getStartNode());
}
}
updateTimestampsFor(propertyContainersToUpdate, currentTime);
}
}
private Set<?> propertyContainersToSet(Iterable<? extends PropertyContainer> propertyContainers){
if (propertyContainers == null) return null;
Set<PropertyContainer> propertyContainerSet = null;
for (PropertyContainer propertyContainer : propertyContainers){
if (propertyContainerSet == null)
propertyContainerSet = new HashSet<PropertyContainer>();
propertyContainerSet.add(propertyContainer);
}
return propertyContainerSet;
}
private void updateTimestampsFor(Iterable<? extends PropertyContainer> propertyContainers, long currentTime) {
if (propertyContainers == null) return;
for (PropertyContainer propertyContainer : propertyContainers) {
propertyContainer.setProperty(MODIFIED_TIMESTAMP_PROPERTY_NAME, currentTime);
}
}
private void addCreatedTimestampFor(Iterable<? extends PropertyContainer> propertyContainers, long currentTime) {
if (propertyContainers == null) return;
for (PropertyContainer propertyContainer : propertyContainers) {
if (!propertyContainer.hasProperty(CREATED_TIMESTAMP_PROPERTY_NAME)){
propertyContainer.setProperty(CREATED_TIMESTAMP_PROPERTY_NAME, currentTime);
}
}
}
}
| 0.490135
| 0.710735
| 3,503
| 14,047
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,771
|
github_open_source_100_2_8263
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
<?php
namespace app\components\behaviors;
use Yii;
use yii\base\Behavior;
use app\models\Order;
class SendEmailBehavior extends Behavior
{
public function events()
{
return [
Order::EVENT_AFTER_INSERT => 'sendOrderEmail',
];
}
//Send email after new order
public function sendOrderEmail()
{
Yii::$app->mailer->compose('user-order', ['order' => $this->owner, 'user' => Yii::$app->user->identity])
->setFrom(Yii::$app->params['adminEmail'])
->setTo(Yii::$app->user->identity->email)
->setSubject('Заявка на аренду авто принята')
->send();
Yii::$app->mailer->compose()
->setFrom(Yii::$app->params['adminEmail'])
->setTo(Yii::$app->params['adminEmail'])
->setSubject('Новая заявка на сайте')
->setTextBody('На сайте оставили новую заявку')
->send();
}
}
| 0.297437
| 0.903862
| 3,881
| 15,571
| 246
| -1
|
PHP Application Controllers.
| false
|
99,772
|
github_open_source_100_2_8264
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
const file = context =>
`${context.generator.CLIENT_MAIN_SRC_DIR}app/entities/${context.entity.entityFolderName}/${context.entity.entityFileName}.component.html`;
const tmpls = [
{
// Hide if currentAccount has a tenant
condition: context => context.entity.definitions.tenantAware,
type: 'replaceContent',
regex: true,
target: context => `<th(.*)><span(.*)>${context.tenant.entityClass}</span>`,
tmpl: context => `<th$1 *ngIf="!currentAccount.${context.tenant.entityInstance}"><span$2>${context.tenant.entityClass}</span>`
},
{
// Hide if currentAccount has a tenant
condition: context => context.entity.definitions.tenantAware,
type: 'replaceContent',
regex: true,
target: context => `<td>\n(\\s*)(<div \\*ngIf="${context.entity.entityInstance}.${context.tenant.entityInstance}">)`,
tmpl: context => `<td *ngIf="!currentAccount.${context.tenant.entityInstance}">\n$1$2`
}
];
module.exports = {
file,
tmpls
};
| 0.117869
| 0.851991
| 3,811
| 15,175
| 80
| -1
|
HTML & Bootstrap
| false
|
99,773
|
github_open_source_100_2_8265
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
<?php
namespace socialist\adminlte\base;
use Yii;
use yii\db\ActiveRecord;
/**
* summary
*/
abstract class User extends ActiveRecord
{
/**
* Метод должен собирать и возвращать все нужные данные о пользователе
* @return array Массив данных о пользователе
*/
public function getUserData()
{
$userData = [
'username' => $this->getUsername(),
'profession' => $this->getProfession(),
'regData' => $this->getCreateTime(),
];
return $userData;
}
public function getAvatar()
{
return null;
}
public function getUsername()
{
return '';
}
public function getProfession()
{
return '';
}
public function getCreateTime()
{
return '';
}
public function getPermition()
{
return Yii::$app->getUser()->isGuest;
}
}
| 0.262249
| 0.925127
| 3,944
| 15,824
| 53
| -1
|
Database Model Code
| false
|
99,774
|
github_open_source_100_2_8266
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
from flask import Flask
from app.config import TestingConfig, DevelopmentConfig, ProductionConfig
import os
# blueprints
from app.errors.handlers import errors
from app.home.routes import home
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(DevelopmentConfig)
app.register_blueprint(errors)
app.register_blueprint(home)
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(DevelopmentConfig if os.environ.get(
"PRODUCTION").lower() == 'true' else DevelopmentConfig)
from app.errors.handlers import errors
from app.home.routes import home
app.register_blueprint(errors)
app.register_blueprint(home)
return app
| 0.316015
| 0.797436
| 3,690
| 14,804
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,775
|
US-37789103-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Public Domain
|
Exposure apparatus
ABSTRACT
The present invention provides an exposure apparatus which can improve quality of an image formed on a recording medium. The exposure apparatus comprises an array refracting element which divides a laser beam in a sub-scanning direction on a light path of the laser beam between an emission opening of the laser beam and a recording film, and in which a pair of refracting members are formed to be arranged in a line, and a focal distance f of a condenser lens, a wavelength λ of the light beam, and a width d for the division direction of a divided region of the laser beam in the refracting member are determined so that a value (f×λ)/d obtained by dividing a product value of the focal distance f and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than a predetermined value.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to an exposure apparatus, particularly relates to the exposure apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by scanning exposure.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] In the conventional way, there has been utilized an exposure recording apparatus which is adapted to record the two-dimensional image on a photosensitive material in such a manner that a laser beam, which is modulated corresponding to image data of the image to be recorded in the photosensitive material, is scanned in a sub-scanning direction orthogonal to a main scanning direction while a drum equipped with the photosensitive material (recording medium) on its outer peripheral surface is rotated in the main scanning direction.
[0005] In such kind of exposure recording apparatus, in order to record the image with resolution decreased, there is adopted a method in which a recording pitch is increased for the sub-scanning direction while a spot diameter of the laser beam is enlarged on a surface of the photosensitive material, or a pixel comprising the same image data is repeatedly recorded as much as the resolution is decreased without changing the spot diameters and the recording pitches. On the other hand, in the case where the image is recorded with the resolution increased, there is adopted the contrary method to the above-described method.
[0006] However, since it is necessary to drive a lens of an optical system and the like by using a drive mechanism in order to enlarge and reduce the spot diameter of the laser beam in that way, there is a problem that the apparatus is enlarged and cost is increased. Further, in the case where the resolution is decreased by recording repeatedly the pixel comprising the same image data as much as the resolution is decreased, there is a problem that recording speed can not be increased because the recording pitch for the sub-scanning direction is constant.
[0007] In order to solve these problems, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2000-284206 filed by the applicant of the invention, in which a light emitted from a light source is divided into plurally and a multiple condensing points generating component generating multiple condensing points on the recording medium through a condensing optical system with respect to the sub-scanning direction of the recording medium and a sub-scanning control component controlling a recording interval of the sub-scanning direction corresponding to the resolution are provided. When the light radiated from the light source is focused on the recording medium through the condensing optical system to record the image, while a size of a beam spot is adjusted by controlling the number of condensing points which are divided in the sub-scanning direction by the multiple condensing points generating component to be generated corresponding to the resolution of the recording image, the recording interval of the beam spot in the sub-scanning direction is adjusted, whereby making it possible to record efficiently the image corresponding to the resolution.
[0008] In the technique, a polarizing optical element comprising a uniaxial crystal or a deviation prism is applied as the multiple condensing points generating component.
[0009] However, in the case where the polarizing optical element comprising the uniaxial crystal is applied as the multiple condensing points generating component in the technique disclosed in JP-A No. 2000-284206, there is a problem that the cost is increased because the uniaxial crystal is expensive.
[0010] In the case where the deviation prism is applied as the multiple condensing points generating component in the technique disclosed in JP-A No. 2000-284206, there is a problem that image quality of the recording image sometimes deteriorates.
[0011] That is to say, when the deviation prism is applied as the multiple condensing points generating component in the technique stated in the above described publication, a state of fuzziness of the laser beam becomes asymmetry relative to the optical axis direction at a position shifted forward and backward in an optical axis direction (depth direction) from a focal point of the laser beam which is divided by the deviation prism and condensed by a condenser lens.
[0012] This is a phenomenon generated by a state where the divided lights are separating each other in the case where an incident side of the light is viewed from the focal point or a state where the divided lights approach, cross and then separate in the case where an outgoing side of the light is viewed from the focal point, because lights divided by the deviation prism are focused at different positions in division directions of each focal position by the condenser lens. The phenomenon causes a tolerance of an arrangement position of the recording medium to the depth direction to be reduced, and, even if the arranging position shifts slightly in the depth direction, the image quality of the recording image to the recording medium sometimes deteriorates.
[0013] In order to solve these problems, there is a conventional technique, which provides an exposure apparatus forming the image on the recording medium by scanning exposure, comprising a light source radiating the light beam which emits light over a broad area with respect to at least the sub-scanning direction, and a condensing optical system condensing the light beam radiated from the light source on the recording medium. In the exposure apparatus, an array refracting element in which refracting members having a unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two light beams are arranged in the shape of an array in pairs, is arranged so that a division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to a broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source.
[0014] Accordingly, the light beams divided into two light beams by an array pair of the array refracting element comprise lights of the number of array pairs respectively. Since one condensing spot consists of the condensing beams of the number of array pairs, in the case where the divided light beams are superimposed by the condenser lens while each two of the condensing spots are shifted at the focal position, the state of fuzziness of each light beam becomes symmetry relative to the optical axis direction when the incident side of the light beam is viewed from the focal position and when the outgoing side of the light beam is viewed from the focal position, and, as a result, the image quality of the recording image can be improved.
[0015] Since the array refracting element can be formed by any material which can divide the light beam into two light beams, it is not always necessary to employ the uniaxial crystal required in the case where the light beam is separated corresponding to a polarization direction, whereby enabling the refracting element to be formed with low cost.
[0016] For the purpose of improvement of the recording speed, there is an exposure recording apparatus in which end portions of outgoing exits of the laser beam in each optical fiber are arranged in parallel in the sub-scanning direction in an exposure head to perform simultaneously the exposure by the plurality of laser beams radiated from the plurality of light sources, while each of laser beams radiated from a plurality of light source is guided into the single exposure head by an optical fiber.
[0017] In the case where the technique stated in JP-A No. 2000-284206 is applied to such kind of exposure recording apparatus, since one laser beam can be divided plurally to perform the exposure, the recording speed can be further improved.
[0018] However, in the exposure recording apparatus employing such optical fiber, the polarization direction of the laser beam emitted from the optical fiber is sometimes changed from moment to moment by external force displacement such as vibrational displacement, pressure displacement, torsion displacement, and temperature displacement, applied to the optical fiber. In this case, there is a problem that the quantities of lights of the laser beams divided plurally compete each other and the condensing spot is formed in an unstable shape, so that the image quality of the recording image is deteriorated.
[0019] In order to solve the problem, a conventional technique provides an exposure apparatus comprising a light source radiating the light, a condensing optical system condensing a light emitted from the light source on a recording medium, and a polarization separating element separating the light into the two lights whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other. In the exposure apparatus, a polarization direction control element is formed in such a manner that a plurality of half-wave plates are respectively arranged between the light source and the polarization separating element at predetermined intervals in an entire incident region of the light beam so that a crystal optical axis is slanted at an angle within a predetermined region including 45° relative to the polarization direction of the light beam separated by the polarization separating element.
[0020] The above-described crystal optical axis is also referred to as “optical axis”, however, hereinafter uniformly stated as “crystal optical axis” in the specification. Though the angle within the predetermined region including 45° is ideally 45°, the angle within various kinds of tolerances such as the angle within the tolerance in the manufacturing of the polarization direction control element, and the angle within the tolerance with respect to the apparatus to which the polarization direction control element is applied.
[0021] Referring to FIG. 28, a principle of the technique will be described briefly. In the description, the case where the polarization direction control element of the technique comprises, in combination, a half-wave plate and a transparent parallel plate not influencing largely the polarization direction of the transmitted light will be described. As shown in FIG. 28, when the polarization direction of the light separated by the polarization separating element is set to (x,y), the polarization direction control element is assumed to be arranged so that the direction of the crystal optical axis of the half-wave plate is set to the oblique direction by 45° relative to (x,y) in the polarization direction control element. In this case, a coordinate system of the crystal optical axis is set to (X,Y) in the half-wave plate. In this case, on the assumption that there is no difference in light transmittance between the transparent parallel plate and the half-wave plate of the polarization direction control element or the difference in the light transmittance is so small that the difference can be neglected, the polarization direction control element is arranged at a position where the quantity of light is distributed so that a ratio of the quantity of the light incident to the half-wave plate to the quantity of the light which is not incident thereto becomes 1:1.
[0022] In the case where an electric field vector α of the light incident to the polarization direction control element is set to α=(a,b) and where the light incident to the half-wave plate is considered, letting a matrix for rotating an (x,y) coordinate system by 45° be A, a matrix for delaying the light of a Y coordinate by a half-wave phase be B, and a matrix for returning the coordinate system (x,y) to the original position by the −45° rotation be C, each of the matrices is expressed by the following formulas. $\begin{matrix} {\alpha = \begin{pmatrix} a \\ b \end{pmatrix}} \\ {A = {\begin{pmatrix} {\cos \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} & {\sin \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} \\ {{- \sin}\quad 45^{{^\circ}}} & {\cos \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} \end{pmatrix} = {\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ {- 1} & 1 \end{pmatrix}}}} \\ {B = {\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & ^{{- 1} \cdot \pi} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & {- 1} \end{pmatrix}}} \\ {C = {\begin{pmatrix} {\cos \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} & {{- \sin}\quad 45^{{^\circ}}} \\ {\sin \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} & {\cos \quad 45^{{^\circ}}} \end{pmatrix} = {\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & {- 1} \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}}}} \end{matrix}$
[0023] Accordingly, an electric field vector β the light after passing through the half-wave plate is expressed as follows. $\beta = {{C \cdot B \cdot A \cdot \alpha} = \begin{pmatrix} b \\ a \end{pmatrix}}$
[0024] Since the electric filed vectors α and β are set so that a distribution of the quantity of light is 1:1 each of the quantities of light Iα and Iβ is expressed as follows. $\begin{matrix} {{I\quad \alpha} = {\begin{pmatrix} I & \alpha & x \\ I & \alpha & y \end{pmatrix} = {\frac{\alpha^{2}}{2} = {\frac{1}{2}\begin{pmatrix} a^{2} \\ b^{2} \end{pmatrix}}}}} \\ {{I\quad \beta} = {\begin{pmatrix} I & \beta & x \\ I & \beta & y \end{pmatrix} = {\frac{\beta^{2}}{2} = {\frac{1}{2}\begin{pmatrix} b^{2} \\ a^{2} \end{pmatrix}}}}} \end{matrix}$
[0025] Accordingly, when lights are added, the quantity of light I is expressed as follows. [0027] The transparent parallel plate provided in the polarization direction control element is not always necessary, other members such as an ND (Neutral Density) filter, which do not largely affect the polarization direction of the incident light can be also applied instead of the transparent parallel plate, and it is also possible to provide none of these members in the polarization direction control element.
[0028] On the basis of the above-described principle, the polarization direction control element the above-described technique is one which is provided in an upstream side of the optical axis direction of the light of the polarization separating element separating the light into two light beams whose polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. Because the half-wave plate is formed to be arranged such that, in the case where the polarization separating element is provided in the upstream side of the optical axis direction thereof, a part of the light is transmitted and the crystal optical axis slants at the angle within the predetermined region including 45° relative to the polarization direction of the light separated by the polarization separating element, when the polarization direction control element is used in combination with the polarization separating element, the light beam can be separated into equal quantities of lights by the polarization separating element, which allows the image quality of the recording image to be improved in the exposure recording apparatus using the polarization separating element.
[0029] However, in another above-described technique, because diffraction light is generated in a divided portion of the light beam in the array refracting element, the shape of the condensing spot of the light beam is deteriorated on the recording medium by the influence, as a result, there is a problem that the quality of the image formed on the recording medium is deteriorated.
[0030] Also in the technique, because diffraction light is generated in an edge portion of the half-wave plate constituting the polarization direction control element, the shape of the condensing spot of the light beam is deteriorated on the recording medium by the influence, as a result, there is a problem that the quality of the image formed on the recording medium is deteriorated.
[0031] A generating mechanism of the diffraction light will be described. The diffraction light generated in the case where a plurality of pairs of refracting members for dividing the light beam are arranged periodically will be described.
[0032] In this case, since the light beam is refracted into two directions by the plurality of pairs of refracting members, when only the light beam emitted toward one of the two directions is considered, the light beam transmitted through the refracting member exhibits the same characteristics as in the case where the light beam passes through a periodic aperture grid shown in FIG. 29.
[0033] Accordingly, a diffraction formula obtained in the case where the light passes through the periodic aperture grid may be solved. In the case where the uniform light is incident to the periodic aperture grid, an intensity distribution of the diffraction light I (p) is expressed by the following equation (1). A diffraction angle pn (rad) of n-th diffraction light is expressed by the following equation (2). $\begin{matrix} {{I(p)} = {\left\lbrack \frac{\sin \left( \frac{N \cdot k \cdot d \cdot p}{2} \right)}{\sin \left( \frac{k \cdot d \cdot p}{2} \right)} \right\rbrack^{2} \cdot \left\lbrack \frac{\sin \left( \frac{k \cdot s \cdot p}{2} \right)}{\frac{k \cdot s \cdot p}{2}} \right\rbrack^{2}}} & (1) \\ {{pn} = \frac{n \cdot \lambda}{d}} & (2) \end{matrix}$
[0034] Provided that N is the number of periodic aperture grids (refracting members), k is a wavenumber of light, d is a width (mm) of the periodic aperture grid (refracting member), s is an aperture width (mm), p is a diffraction angle (rad), n is an order of the diffraction light, and λ is a wavelength (mm) of the incident light.
[0035] A graph obtained in the case where the equations are solved under the following conditions is shown as an example in FIG. 30. A horizontal axis in FIG. 30 is the diffraction angle p, a vertical axis is the light intensity I(p).
[0036] (Condition)
[0037] The width of the periodic aperture grid d=3 (mm), the aperture width s=1.5 (mm), and the wavelength of the light λ=0.83 (μm)
[0038] In this case, the diffraction angle p1 of the primary diffraction light is expressed as follows.
p1=2.8×10⁻⁴(rad)
[0039] As shown in FIG. 30, the light intensity I of the primary diffraction light in this case is as large as about 40% relative to a zero-order light, it is found that the influence on the condensing spot is significantly large as compared with the diffraction light of other order numbers. Consequently, in the case where the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light is large, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium is significantly deteriorated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0040] In view of the foregoing problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus which can improve the quality of the image formed on the recording medium.
[0041] In order to achieve the above-described object, according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by scanning exposure, comprising a light source radiating a light beam emitting light over a broad area for at least a sub-scanning direction, a condensing optical system including a first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and a second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and an array refracting element in which refracting members having a unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of an array in pair units and which is placed between the first lens and the second lens so that a division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to a broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, wherein a focal distance f of the second lens, a wavelength λ of the light beam, and a width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that a value (f×λ)/d obtained by dividing a product value f×λ of the focal distance f and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than a predetermined value.
[0042] A principle of the invention will be described referring to the figures. FIG. 25 shows a schematic view in the case where the light beam radiated from the light source having a broad light-emitting plane is re-imaged by the condenser lens whose focal distance is f after passing through the periodic aperture grid (also to FIG. 29). In this case, as shown in FIG. 25, the shift between the central position of the condensing spot of the light beam and the central position of the primary diffraction light is expressed by p1×f
[0043] The diffraction angle p1 of the primary diffraction light is expressed by the following equation (3) derived from the above-described equation (2). $\begin{matrix} {{p1} = {\frac{1 \cdot \lambda}{d} = \frac{\lambda}{d}}} & (3) \end{matrix}$
[0044] Accordingly, the shift between the central position of the condensing spot and the central position of the primary diffraction light is expressed by the following equation (4). $\begin{matrix} {{{p1} \times f} = \frac{f \times \lambda}{d}} & (4) \end{matrix}$
[0045] In the case where the shift is large, as shown as an example in FIG. 26A, since visibility of the primary diffraction light is large, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium is significantly deteriorated. On the contrary, in the case where the shift is small, as shown as an example in FIG. 26B, since visibility of the primary diffraction light is small, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium is improved, as compared with the case of the large shift.
[0046] It is preferred from a point of view of the image quality that the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light be reduced. For this purpose, the focal distance f, the wavelength λ, and the width d of the periodic aperture grid may be determined so that a value represented by a right-hand side of the equation (4) is reduced. The width d of the periodic aperture grid in this case corresponds to the width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member.
[0047] On the basis of the above-described principle, according to the exposure apparatus of the first aspect, when the light beam radiated from the light source radiating the light beam emitting light in the broad area for at least the sub-scanning direction is made the substantial parallel light flux by the first lens of the condensing optical system and then condensed on the recording medium by the second lens of the condensing optical system, the light beam is divided in the broad area direction of the light beam, namely in the sub-scanning direction by the array refracting element in which the refracting members having the unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of the array in pair units and which is placed between the first lens and the second lens so that the division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to the broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source. The light source includes various kinds of semiconductor lasers. The first lens includes various kinds of collimator lenses and the second lens includes various kinds of condenser lenses respectively.
[0048] In the first aspect of the invention, the focal distance f of the second lens, the wavelength λ of the light beam, and the width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member constituting the array refracting member are determined so that the value (f×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value f×λ of the focal distance f and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value.
[0049] As described above, according to the exposure apparatus of the first aspect, the exposure apparatus comprises the light source radiating the light beam emitting light in the broad area for at least a sub-scanning direction, the condensing optical system including the first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and the second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and the array refracting element in which the refracting members having the unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of the array in pair units and which is placed between the first lens and the second lens so that the division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to the broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, and, in the apparatus, the focal distance f of the second lens, the wavelength λ of the light beam, and the width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that the value (f×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value f×λ of the focal distance f and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value. Thus, the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light to be reduced, and consequently, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium can be improved.
[0050] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-described object, according to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by the scanning exposure, comprising a light source radiating a light beam emitting light over a broad area for at least a sub-scanning direction, a condensing optical system including a first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and a second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and an array refracting element in which refracting members having a unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of an array in pair units and which is placed between the second lens and the recording medium so that a division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to a broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, wherein a distance R between the array refracting element and the recording medium, a wavelength λ of the light beam, and a width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that a value (R×λ)/d obtained by dividing a product value R×λ of the distance R and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than a predetermined value.
[0051] That is to say, the exposure apparatus of the second aspect has the almost same construction as the exposure apparatus of the first aspect, and differs therefrom only in that the array refracting element is arranged between the second lens and the recording medium.
[0052] In this case, though the diffraction angle p1 of the primary diffraction light is the same as the equation (3), the shift between the central position of the condensing spot and the central position of the primary diffraction light is expressed by the following equation (5). $\begin{matrix} {{{p1} \times R} = \frac{R \times \lambda}{d}} & (5) \end{matrix}$
[0053] Therefore, in order to reduce the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light, the distance R, the wavelength λ, and the width d may be determined so that a value represented by a right-hand side of the equation (5) is reduced. In the exposure apparatus of the second aspect, the distance R, the wavelength λ, and the width d are determined so that the value (R×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value R×λ of the distance R and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value.
[0054] The light source of the invention includes various kinds of semiconductor lasers. The first lens of the invention includes various kinds of collimator lenses and the second lens of the invention includes various kinds of condenser lenses respectively.
[0055] As described above, according to the exposure apparatus stated in the second aspect, the exposure apparatus comprises the light source radiating the light beam emitting light in the broad area for at least the sub-scanning direction, the condensing optical system including the first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and the second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and the array refracting element in which the refracting members having the unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of the array in pair units and which is placed between the second lens and the recording medium so that the division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to the broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, and, in the apparatus, the distance R between the array refracting element and the recording medium, the wavelength λ of the light beam, and the width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that the value (R×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value R×λ of the distance R and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value. Thus, the shift between the condensing spot of the light beam and the primary diffraction light can be reduced, and consequently, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium can be improved.
[0056] It has been found by experiments by the inventor of the invention that, when the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light exceeds half width at half maximum of the condensing spot shown as an example in FIG. 27, the influence of the shift on the condensing spot of the primary diffraction light is enlarged and the shift also causes a problem in the image quality.
[0057] It is preferred that the above-described predetermined value in the first aspect or the second aspect of the invention be the half width at half maximum of the condensing spot of the light beam onto the recording medium.
[0058] This allows deterioration of the image quality by the influence of the primary diffraction light to be securely prevented.
[0059] The influence of the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light on the image quality depends on the resolution of the image formed on the recording medium and the like to a certain extent and the required image quality is not always constant, so that the above-described predetermined value is not limited to the half width at half maximum and the predetermined value can also be a value near the half width at half maximum (for example, a ±10% value of the half width at half maximum).
[0060] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-described object, according to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by the scanning exposure, comprising a light source radiating a light beam emitting light over a broad area for at least a sub-scanning direction, a condensing optical system including a first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and a second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and an array refracting element in which refracting members having a unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of an array in pair units and which is placed between the light source and the first lens so that a division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to a broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, wherein a distance S between the light source and the array refracting element, a wavelength λ of the light beam, and a width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that a value (R×λ)/d obtained by dividing a product value S×λ of the distance S and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value.
[0061] That is to say, the exposure apparatus of the third aspect has the almost same construction as the exposure apparatus of the first aspect, and differs therefrom only in that the array refracting element is arranged between the light source and the first lens.
[0062] In this case, though the diffraction angle p1 of the primary diffraction light is the same as the equation (3), the shift between the central position of the condensing spot and the central position of the primary diffraction light is expressed by the following equation (6). $\begin{matrix} {{{p1} \times S} = \frac{S \times \lambda}{d}} & (6) \end{matrix}$
[0063] In order to reduce the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light, the distance S, the wavelength λ, and the width d may be determined so that a value represented by a right-hand side of the equation (6) is reduced. In the exposure apparatus of the third aspect, the distance S, the wavelength λ, and the width d are determined so that the value (S×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value S×λ of the distance S and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value.
[0064] The light source of the invention includes various kinds of semiconductor lasers. The first lens of the invention includes various kinds of collimator lenses and the second lens of the invention includes various kinds of condenser lenses respectively.
[0065] As described above, according to the exposure apparatus of the third aspect, the exposure apparatus comprises the light source radiating the light beam emitting light in the broad area for at least the sub-scanning direction, the condensing optical system including the first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and the second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, and the array refracting element in which the refracting members having the unit surface shape that divides one light beam into two beams are arranged so as to be in the shape of the array in pair units and which is placed between the light source and the first lens so that the division direction of the light beam is substantially parallel to the broad area direction of the light beam radiated from the light source, and, in the apparatus, the distance S between the light source and the array refracting element, the wavelength λ of the light beam, and the width d for the division direction of the divided region of the light beam in the refracting member are determined so that the value (S×λ)/d obtained by dividing the product value S×λ of the distance S and the wavelength λ by the width d is not more than the predetermined value. Thus, the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light to be reduced, and consequently, the quality of the image formed on the recording medium can be improved.
[0066] It has been found by experiments by the inventor of the invention that, when the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light exceeds the half width at half maximum at the radiating position of the light beam, the influence of the shift on the condensing spot of the primary diffraction light is enlarged and the shift also causes a problem in the image quality.
[0067] It is preferred that the above-described predetermined value in the third aspect be the half width at half maximum at the radiating position of the light beam.
[0068] As a result, deterioration of the image quality by the influence of the primary diffraction light can be securely prevented.
[0069] The influence of the shift between the condensing spot and the primary diffraction light on the image quality depends on the resolution of the image formed on the recording medium and the like to a certain extent and the required image quality is not always constant, so that the above-described predetermined value is not limited to the half width at half maximum and the predetermined value can also be a value near the half width at half maximum (for example, a ±10% value of the half width at half maximum).
[0070] Preferably, the exposure apparatus of any one of the first to third aspects further comprise an input component which inputs resolution information showing the resolution of an image formed on the recording medium by the scanning exposure and a moving component which moves the array refracting element such that the array refracting element is retracted from the optical axis of the light beam radiated from the light source in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is a predetermined first resolution and the array refracting element is positioned on the optical axis in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is a second resolution, which is lower than the first resolution.
[0071] As a result, the resolution information indicating the resolution of the image formed on the recording medium by the scanning exposure is inputted by the input component, the array refracting element is moved by the moving component such that the array refracting element is retracted from the optical axis of the light beam radiated from the light source in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is the predetermined first resolution and the array refracting element is positioned on the optical axis in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is the second resolution, which is lower than the first resolution.
[0072] As described above, the resolution information indicating the resolution of the image formed on the recording medium by the scanning exposure is inputted, and the array refracting element is moved by the moving component such that the array refracting element is retracted from the optical axis of the light beam radiated from the light source in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is the predetermined first resolution and the array refracting element is positioned on the optical axis in the case where the resolution indicated by the resolution information is the second resolution, which is lower than the first resolution. Thus, the resolutions in recording the image on the recording medium can be easily changed only by inputting the resolution information.
[0073] Furthermore, in the case where the exposure apparatus of any one of the first to third aspects is formed so that the plurality of light sources are arranged along the division direction of the light beam and the light beams radiated from each light source are divided by the array refracting element respectively to be guided to the recording medium, not only the improvement of the image quality of the recording image but also the high speed recording of the image can be performed.
[0074] In order to achieve the above-described object, according to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium by scanning exposure, comprising a light source radiating a light beam emitting light over a broad area for at least a sub-scanning direction, a condensing optical system including a first lens which is placed between the light source and the recording medium and makes the light beam radiated from the light source a substantial parallel light flux and a second lens which is placed between the first lens and the recording medium and condenses the light beam onto the recording medium, a polarization separating element which is placed between the first lens and the second lens and separates the light beam into two light beams whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, and a polarization direction control element which is placed between the first lens and the polarization separating element and in which a plurality of half-wave plates are placed at one period of each predetermined interval c in an entire incident region of the light beam so that a crystal optical axis is slanted at an angle within a predetermined region including 45° relative to the polarization direction of the light beam separated by the polarization separating element, wherein a focal distance f of the second lens, a wavelength λ of the light beam, and the predetermined interval c are determined so that a value (f×λ)/c obtained by dividing a product value f×λ of the focal distance f and the wavelength λ by the predetermined interval c is not more than a predetermined value.
[0075] According to the exposure apparatus of the fourth aspect, for at least the sub-scanning direction, after the light beam radiated from the light source radiating a light beam emitting light over a broad area is made the substantial parallel light flux by the first lens of the condensing optical system, when the light beam is condensed on the recording medium by the second lens, the light beam is separated into two light beams whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other by the polarization separating element. The light source of the invention includes various kinds of semiconductor lasers, the first lens of the invention includes various kinds of collimator lenses, and the second lens of the invention includes various kinds of condenser lenses respectively. The polarization separating element includes various kinds of prisms such as Rochon Prism and Wollaston Prism.
[0076] In the fourth aspect of the invention, the polarization direction control element in which the plurality of half-wave plates are placed at one period of each predetermined interval c in the entire incident region of the light beam so that the crystal optical axis is slanted at an angle within the predetermined region including 45° relative to the polarization direction of the light beam separated by the polarization separating element, is placed between the first lens and the polarization separating element.
[0077] According to the above-described construction, in the exposure apparatus of the fourth aspect, it is possible that the light can be separated in an equal quantity of light by the polarization separating element, and the quality of the image can be improved by the separated light when the image is recorded on the recording medium.
| 0.764024
| -0.013815
| 2,040
| 8,176
| 131
| 131
|
Optical Device Design
| false
|
99,776
|
github_open_source_100_2_8267
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
from __future__ import print_function
import fragbuilder
import sys
filename = sys.argv[1]
pdbfile = fragbuilder.PDB(filename)
n = pdbfile.get_length()
print("Protein contains %i residues!" % (n))
print(pdbfile.get_bb_angles(3))
print(pdbfile.get_chi_angles(3))
seq = pdbfile.get_sequence()
print("Sequence is:", seq)
print("List of backbone phi/psi/omega angles:")
for i in pdbfile.get_residue_numbers():
print(i, pdbfile.get_resname(i), end=" ")
print(pdbfile.get_bb_angles(i), pdbfile.get_chi_angles(i))
| 0.471359
| 0.500086
| 3,119
| 12,382
| 189
| 189
|
Programming Language / Bioinformatics
| false
|
99,777
|
bub_gb_lTzfyAiQfkQC_16
|
German-PD
|
Public Domain
|
In jedem Monate des Frühlings und Sommers bietet das Roggenfeld neue Reize. Im April ift fein grüner Teppich, in dem das Auge nur ganz in der Nühe eine zarte Stiderei von blauem Ehrenpreis und goldenem Gilbftern gewahrt, das erjte Hoffnungszeichen, über welche8 die Lerche und dad Menſchenherz jubiliert. Schöner no iſt es im Mai, wenn die raſch emporjchofjenden Halme, vom janften Lufthauche gefädhelt, fich in Kleinen Wellen fräufeln, unter deren Oberfläche die kürzlich heimgefehrte Wachtel ihren hellen Ruf erihallen läßt. Am allerichönften ift das Kornfeld im Juni, wenn e3 ſich mit den prächtigen Blumen der Raden und Klatſchmohnen, der Ritterjporne, Kornblumen und Winden ſchmückt, wenn die jungen, faum an das Tageslicht getretenen Ahren, die, jchon jeit dem Früh— jahre vorhanden, tief verhüllt und unfertig ein halbes Leben leben mußten, dem durd die wogenden Gaſſen wandelnden Menjchen durch einen herben Duft jchon von ferne das Reifen verfünden, dad der von ihnen verjtreute goldene Staub deutlich offenbart; wenn auf den Kornfeldern ein geheimnisvolles Leben und Weben waltet; wenn der troß aller Forſchungen immer wunderbare Vorgang ftattfindet, durch welchen Millionen Samentnospen zu Trägern jungen, jelbjtändigen Lebens, zu Forterhaltern und Mehrern eines Reiches werden, welches für die Geſchichte der Menjchheit von größerer Bedeutung ijt, als das Weltreich Aleranderd und Napoleons gewejen. In diejer Jahres— *) Dieſer Auffag gehört, gleich dem folgenden, zu den zwölf Monat3- bildern, die Sigismund, zur Förderung des Naturjinnes und der Freude am Naturleben, vom Oktober 1862 ab bis September 1863 für das Dresdener Unterhaltungsblatt „Die Heimat“ jchrieb. Am Rande de Flornfeldes. 247 zeit geht dann auch niemand actlos am Kornfelde vorüber. Das ſpielſelige Kind übt das reizende Kunſtſtück, eine Ähre durch einen Kuß zum Blühen zu bringen; der Abergläubiſche zieht eine Ähre durch die Lippen, um ſich vor Zahnſchmerz zu behüten; der auf Haus- und Bollswirtichaft Bedachte erwägt, ob die Kornblüte ein gejegnetes Jahr verjpreche, und wer der unſcheinbar blühenden Ähren nicht achtet, der pflückt fich wenigjtens ein Sträufchen von den Holden Blumen, die zwijchen den Halmen prunfen, Aber auch im Juli ift das Kornfeld, wenn fein Grün auch fchon ftark zum Fahlen neigt und manche jeiner Zierblumen eingebüßt hat, gar jehr wert, daß man ſich ein Stündchen zu ihm feße, um mit ihm Auge in Auge zu verkehren; ja vielleicht verdient es jet die Teilnahme des Menjchen mehr als je. Sit es doch jegt in der verdienftvollen Thätigfeit begriffen, die früher jo Heinen, milchigen Körnlein groß- zuziehen, welche dem Menjchen ald das nützlichſte Gold ausgehändigt werben jollen, iſt e8 doch vielleicht daS legte Mal, daß wir die Augen laben an dem dämmerigen Halmendidicht, aus dem die purpurnen Blüten des Erdnüßchens und die goldenen Sterne der Kamille hervor— leuchten. Schon find ja die Sicheln gedengelt, welche diejen veizenden Wald mähen, jhon find die Geile gedreht, welche die Schwaben zu Garben binden jollen. Noch einige Wochen — und ftatt des wogenden Ührenmeeres ftarren und traurige Stoppeln entgegen. Und was ijt es denn, was ſolche Rainlagerer am jommerlichen Kornfelde ergößt? Sa, wäre der Roggen eine ausländilche, bloß im Gewächshauſe gedeihende Pflanze oder erreichte er die ſtockwerkhohe Statur wie feine tropiihen Bettern, Mais, Zuderrohr oder gar Bambus — da würde niemand ihm die Bewunderung verjagen. Dieje jchlanfen Stämme, in regelmäßigen Entfernungen durch holzige Knoten, wie durch Eijen- zwingen verjtärkt, dieje in gefälligen Neigungen abftehenden und hangenden Blätter, diefe wunderbar ſchönen Ahren, die — wenn fie nunmehr auch ihre goldgelben, auf jchlaffen Fäden gejchaufelten Staub- beutel und die zierlichen Federbüfche ihrer Narben abgemworfen haben — dem Formenfinnigen eine wahre Augenmweide gewähren, verleihen der ſchlichten Noggenpflanze hohen Reiz. Denke dir nur einmal dieſe Gräjer jo hoch, das der Menjch unter ihnen wandeln fönnte, mie unter Bambusgräjern, jtelle dir die am Halm emporranfenden Ader- winden jo groß vor wie die Liane — und du bijt in den märchen- haften Urwald eines tropiichen Landes verjeßt. Aber auch ohne derlei phantaftiihe Würze iſt die Bejchauung des Kornfeldes anziehend genug. Welch ein Kunſtwerk iſt die einzelne AÄhre! Biegt man eine ſolche zu einem Sprenkel, jo bemerkt man an der gewölbten Seite der Spindel deutlich die zahlreichen Ährchen, 248 Ausgewählte Aufſätze und Gedichte. aus denen fie beiteht. Auf jeder Seite der Spindel fien deren zehn bis fünfzehn. Und jedes Ddiejer, von zwei kleinen, pfriemenfürmigen Blättchen umſchrankten ÄAhrchen enthält zwei Blüten, deren jede ein Samenkorn auszubilden jtrebt. Schon ragt dasjelbe aus jeinen Hüllen hervor; die größere, langbegrannte und die innere, zarte Spelze haben ji) auseinander gethan, um dem jungen Korne Luft und Licht zu gönnen, damit es jchiwelle und reife. Nicht einer einzigen Ahre ift es geglüdt, all ihre Kinder am Leben zu erhalten und groß zu ziehen; fait alle Eltern müjjen dem Tode Tribut zahlen. In jeder Ahre bleiben mehrere Körner un— entmwicelt, ja in jedem Ahrchen verfümmert regelmäßig eine Dritte Blüte zu einem winzigen Kuöpfchen. Und jelbit die bis jet des Lebens teilhaftigen Kornjamen erfahren noch mancherlei Scidjale. Jene Halme dort, die hoch über die andern ragen und ihr Haupt jo ftolz reden, daß fie beim Bolfe Yunferähren heißen, haben mit ihrer Nachkommenſchaft weniger Glüd, als dieje demiütig gebeugten, welche ihren Kinderjegen faum tragen fünnen. Viele Halme jtroßen von gejunder Sraft, andere find welk und jchlaff; aus den Spelzen einzelner Ahren vagt der dur einen Schmarogerpil; zu einer uns förmlichen, bläulihen Mafje, zum Mutterforn, verunftaltete Frucht— fnoten hervor. So zeigt faft jede der Taujende von Ahren, die vor unjerem Blide ji) wiegen und jchaufeln, irgend eine Bejonderheit, durch die jie von ihren Nachbarn fich auszeichnet. Ein bejonderer Reiz des Kornfeldes ift das Unnahbare, Ges heimnisvolle jeines Halmendidihtd. Die uralten Dichtungen, in denen der Volksgeiſt dies Gefühl ausgejprocdhen hat, die Sagen von der Noggenmuhme, die im Innern des Kornfeldes verborgen jchafft und nur zuweilen in jtiller Meittagjtunde jih vom Menjchen erbliden läßt, diejer jchöne, vielleicht auß der heidnifchen Naturreligion über— lieferte Glaube an eine perjönliche Gottesfraft, die für daß „liebe Brod“ jorgt, wie die Demeter und its, jowie der düſtere Wahn vom zauberijhen Binjenjchneider,*) der mit Sicheln an den Knöcheln die Felder anderer durchichreitet, um von allen Grunditüden, auf denen er ſich eine Gafje gemäht, jeinen ihm vom Teufel zugejagten Anteil zu erhalten — dieje und alle ähnlichen Dichtungen des Volks— geijtes find ung lange zu wejenlojem Mberglauben geworden. Wir lächeln darüber, daß die von Hafen gebahnten Steige im Korn einem Zauberer zugejchrieben werden Ffonnten, wir erwähnen die Roggen muhme nur im Scherz, um ein Kind vom Eindringen in das durch Blumen lodende Ahrenjeld zurüdzuhalten. Aber troßdem empfinden *) S. Sigismund: Aufſatz: „Der Aberglaube in der Volksbotanik“ in Roßmäßlers naturwifj. Volksblatt „Aus der Heimat“, 1859. Am Rande des Fornfeldes. 249 — wir, auch wenn wir und am hellen Mittag auf dem Rain eines Korn— feldes niederlajjen, jenen Zauber des Geheimnisvollen, der unjere Altvordern zum Dichten anregte. Kaum Hat man fich auf einige Minuten in jtille$ Sinnen ver- loren, jo wird man durch leijes Lispeln und Kniſtern, durch jeltiames Hlüftern und Rauſchen von neuem angeregt, in dad Gewirr der Dicht zufammengedrängten Halme zu ſchauen. Was Hat ji) da wieder geregt in diefem Didicht, das, wie ein heiliger Hain des Altertum, von feinem Mtenjchenfuße betreten werden darf?....Bald war e8 nur das Öeflüfter der Blätter, die ein kühlendes Lüftchen erzittern machte, bald Hat ein Lauffäfer bei dem Tigeriprunge, den er nad einer Beute machte, gerajchelt; bald ijt eine Grille, die bisher un— ermübdlich auf ihrer Geige Elimperte, nah Eichhornart von einer Ahre zur andern gehüpft; bald hat jich leife jummend ein Marienfäfer ab- geſchwungen, um einen andern Teil jeines großen Jagdgebietes ab- zujuchen; bald ift ein Mäuschen dahin gehujcht oder eine MWachtel- oder Rebhuhnmutter hat ihre verirrten ungen zujammengerufen: jo vergeht faum eine Minute, ohne daß man zu neuem Lauſchen und Spähen in da3 geheimnisvolle Innere des Kornfeldes angeregt wird. Das dit verwachjene Grasgebüſch ijt eben ein Wald im Heinen und wer Sinn hat für daS Kleinleben eine Halmenwaldes, findet bier faft joviel zu beobachten, wie der Vogeliteller im Gebirgsforite. Indes übt das Kornfeld, gleich dem Walde, nod einen andern mächtigen Einfluß auf den Meenjchen, einen Einfluß, Durch den es fait unmöglich) wird, den bloßen nüchternen Beobachter zu machen: der am Uderraine Ruhende verfällt unmillfürli) ind Träumen und Sinnen. — Dieje Graspflanzen, die für die Hulturgefchichte der Menjchheit bon höherer Bedeutung gewejen find, al3 irgend ein anderes Gewächs oder Tier, die ald Erzieher der Völker größere Erfolge bewirkt haben, al3 Pulver, Lettern und Eijenbahnen — woher ftammen fie? Bon Weizen und Gerjte fehlt alle Kunde über ihre Urheimat, ihr Anbau verliert jih im Dämmer der Vorzeit. Eine dunkle Sage meldet, die Hunnen haben den Roggen mitgebradht; Plinius nennt ihn ein ab- Icheuliche8 Adergewächs der Barbaren in Alpenländern, dejjen Brod jauer jihmede und Grimmen erzeuge. Und jchon dreihundert Jahre nah Plinius führt der kaiſerliche Tarif den Roggen als dritte Acker— frucht nädhjt Weizen und Gerſte auf, und wir möchten ihn nicht ver- taujchen gegen irgend eine andere Brodfrudt. Wie jehnt ſich ein in England oder Franfreich lebender Deutjcher danach, einmal wieder echtes, heimatliche® Schwarzbrot zu efjen, das allein rechte Kraft und vollen Wohlgejchmadf Hat! Und woher ftammt dieje hochwichtige Pflanze? In der fajpiihen Steppe wächſt ‚angeblid eine Spielart 250 Ausgewählte Aufſätze und Gedichte. des Noggens wild; jollten unjere Urahnen auf ihrer Wejtfahrt aus der ariichen Urheimat dies Getreide erjt unterwegs fennen gelernt und mitgenommen haben? Hätten wirklich erjt die Europa über- flutenden Nomadenhorden den Roggen, al3 ihr eigentliches Steppen- getreide, mitgebracht? ... Zum Glück weckt uns eine vorüberflatternde Goldammer aus dem Nachſinnen, das doc zu nichts führt, da uns die Urheimat der wert— volliten Rulturhülfen der altüblichen Getreidearten und der Haußtiere wohl für immer ein Rätſel bleiben wird.*) — Aber von neuem geraten wir in Sinnen und Grübeln. Das Rauſchen eines Wafjerfalles jchläfert ein; hat etwa da3 Lispeln des Halmenhaines die Kraft, Träumereien hervorzurufen? — Welhen umermeßlihen Erziehungseinfluß hat die Vorſehung diejen jchlichten Gräjern zugeteilt! Sie jollten den Menjchen arbeiten, in die Zukunft bfiden, jparen, fich gejellichaften lehren. Jagd und Fiſcherei find feine rechten Arbeiten, eher eine Art Sport und Krieg, al3 jtilles, langfortgeſetztes Schaffen; und jparen lernt dabei jelten einer. Viehzucht allein — da fommt der Menſch nicht zur vollen Seßhaftigfeit, nicht zu höherer Bildung. Aber gelangen denn beim Aderbau alle zu jolher Bildung? Müfjen nicht viele Glieder jedes Rulturvolfes dem höheren Geijtesleben entjagen, um ausſchließlich als Nährftand zu wirken? Wie viele Taujende von Ackersleuten kommen über der Feldarbeit nicht dazu, ſich geiltig weiter zu bringen, als die Knabenſchule fie gebracht, wie viele verlernen jogar dad wieder, was fie in ber Jugend gekonnt! Wie anders, wenn Korn und Weizen nicht einjährige, jondern ausdauernde Pflanzen wären, die glei) dem DObjtbaum in jedem Sommer fnojpeten und fruchteten, was wäre da den Menjchen für Pladerei eripart! ... Bad! Pah! ruft eine Wachtel aus dem Kornfelde, als wollte fie müßiges Spintifieren verjpotten, und wir lächeln über die Knaben— haftigfeit unjerer Träumereien. „Büd den Rüd! Büd den Rüd!“ fügt der Bogel mit heller Stimme Hinzu, wie wenn er alle zu heil— jamer Handarbeit in freier Flur aufforderte.e — Fürwahr, unjere Gedanken waren auf einen Holzweg geraten. Sit nicht das Pflügen, Säen und Ernten zugleih eine den Geiſt in Thätigkeit Haltende Arbeit? Muß nicht der Adermann aufpafjen, wie ein Kupferftecher, der in feine Platte zarte Linien furcht, bedarf nicht der Säemann *) Über den Urſprung de Brotgetreides wiſſen wir auch heute noch nichts Gewiſſes. Der Weizen, deſſen Kultur in Ägypten ſchon im 4. Jahrh. vor Chr. in Blüte jtand, jtamımt jedenfall3 aus Gentral: Ajien, der erjt jpäter in Auf— nahme gefommene Roggen aus den Gegenden zwijchen den Alpen und dem ihwarzen Meer. — ©. u. a. Solms-Laubach, Weizen und Tulpe und deren Geſchichte. Leipzig, 1899. Am Rande de3 Fornfeldes. 251 jo Eunftvoll geregelter Bewegungen, wie der Mufifer und Qänzer, muß nicht der Schnitter und Garbenbinder jo ſorglich jammeln und einheimjen, wie der Folianten erzerpierende Gelehrte, muß nicht der Landmann fo gut berechnen und planen, Denken und Wollen an jtrengen, um jein Feld tüchtig zu bewirtichaften? Fürwahr, auf die Halme dieſes Aders, von denen übers Jahr faum eine Spur mehr vorhanden jein wird, it eine Summe von menschlicher Thätigfeit, von förperlicher und geiltiger Arbeit verwandt worden, die in Er- jtaunen jeßt, und doc) gehören fie nicht einem „Lateinijchen Okonomen,“ jondern einem jchlichten Bauer. — Und wird der Ertrag die große Mühe lohnen? Reichen Geld— gewinn wirft eine wahrhaft der Kulturgejchichte dienende Arbeit jelten ab; ein Falifornijcher Goldgräber erwirbt mehr als ein Geolog höchſten Ranges und ein Frijeur mehr als ein Schullehrer. Aber felbit der beicheidene Lohn, mit dem fich ein Landwirt zufrieden giebt, wird er ihm werden? Vielerlei Fährlichfeit bedrohen die zarten Samenkörner; manche wird von Inſekten benagt, andere find Schmarogerpilzen preiögegeben, jehr viele verfümmern durch Nahrungsmangel, vielleicht zerjtört alle ein Hagelwetter. Doch das Unglück des Einzelnen it immer zu verjchmerzen. Aber wenn nun unheilvolle Einflüfje die Getreidefelder großer Länder, ganzer Erdteile unfruchtbar machten, wenn die Borratäfammern fremder Fluren, die jeßt durch Dampfivagen und Schiffe die Bedürftigen freundnachbarlich verforgen, fich leerten, wenn Hungersnöte, wie fie in früheren Zeiten einzelne Länder mit der furchtbarjten Härte ge- drüdt haben, aucd die Gegenden heimjuchten, die jeit Menjchengedenfen wohlverjorgt waren! ... Ja, die Ruhe am Feldraine, die die Seele zum jtillen Sinnen einladet, wedt auch düftre Träume, Ugolino- Bhantajieen,*) wie fie Dante und Byron kaum graufiger gedichtet haben. Lafje fi aber niemand bangen! Wie die Geſpenſter vor dem Hahnenjchrei verſchwinden jollen, jo weichen alle düſteren Gedanken von der Seele, jobald der Lockruf der Wachtel oder der Gejang einer Lerche zum Ohre dringt. Man blidt wie aus einem Traum erwachend in den Halmenwald, betrachtet die darin ohne alle Nahrungsjorgen hauſenden Tiere, und vertrauensvoll des jchönen Spruches gedenfend von den, der die Raben nährt und die Lilien Eleidet, jtreichelt man die Ahren, die über unjer Haupt dahinwogen und fehrt heiteren Mutes vom Aderraine heim, nicht ohne dankbare Erinnerung an die gute Mußeftunde, die uns dort geboten ward. *) Ugolino Gherardesca jtarb 1288 im Hungerturm zu Piſa. Die Wirfe. Ein Monatsbildchen für den September (wie er jein ſoll). Sch bin jo hold den jtilen Tagen, — diejer weiche Uhlandiche Vers Hingt einem jebt unmillfürlich durch die Seele, als folle er nunmehr, wo fein Bogeljang die Geheimnifje der Natur verdolmetjcht, die Stimmung des Frühherbjtes austönen. Wer wäre nicht hold den jtillen, Haren Septembertagen, den freundlichen, leider nur zmölf Stunden langen Tagen, wo die weißen Molfenihäfchen jtundenlang behaglich auf derjelben Stelle des Iornblumenblauen Himmel3 ruhen; wo eine milde, heitere Sonne herabläcdhelt und die jchon herbitlich angehauchten Wälder mit goldigem Schimmer überzieht; wo in der lauen, klaren Luft taujend zarte Mettenfäden jchweben, die, von janften Strömungen gejchaufelt, prächtigen Silberglanz jpielen laſſen; wo die Schwalben ihre Herbſtmanöver halten, um ſich marjchfertig zu machen und immer noch den Tag der Abreije verjchieben, weil ed ihnen im Sommerquartier jo gar gut gefällt? „Sie prangt nicht mehr mit Blüt und Fülle, AL ihre regen Kräfte ruhn, Sie jammelt fid) in füher Stille, In ihre Tiefen jchaut fie num.“ Die Natur ähnelt einem heitern Greije, der nach wohlvollbradhtem Leben behaglich ruht und mit jtillem Lächeln zurüdjchaut in die Ver— gangenheit, mit gelajjener Ergebenheit in die Zukunft, die jobald der jchönen, freundlichen Gewohnheit des Daſeins und Wirkens ein Biel jeßen wird. Und nirgends fühlt man dieje „ſüße Stille,“ dieje behagliche Ruhe und jchöne Ergebung in das Los alles Irdiſchen, den wohligen Frieden, welchen jet die Natur atmet, reiner und mwohlthuender, al$ wenn man jich der janften Stimmung hingiebt, in die ein Gang über die Wiejen verſetzt. Die Olanzzeit dieſes bedeutjamen Teiles der Landichaft, den unjere weniger glänzende Heimat vor den Mittelmeerländern voraus hat, ijt nunmehr vorüber. Im Frühling, wo ihr furzflaumiger, tief- grüner Sammet mit Maßliebchen, Schlüfjelblumen und Löwenzahn Die Wieſe. 253 jternen beftreut war, glich die Wieje dem fröhlichen Finde; im Mai, als zwijchen den üppig ſprießenden Halmen purpurne Blüten der Orchis und Kuckuksnelken, goldene Butterblumen und blaue Salbei prangten, war fie der friichen, aufblühenden Jungfrau glei; im Juni, da ihr — Teppich, über deſſen buntem Grunde Tauſende von vollwüchſigen Ähren und Rispen ſchwankten, von Blauglöckchen und Skabioſen, von gelben Blüten der Platterbſe und des Labkrautes, vom Purpur und Weiß der Kleeblumen prächtig geſchmückt war, da durfte man fie der Braut vergleichen und jetzt — der liebenswürdigen Matrone, welche im Kreije ihrer Kinder und Enkel die goldene Hoch— zeit feiert. Der Wieſenteppich, zum zweitenmal durch die Senſe über— mäht, prankt nicht in der reichen, ſaftigen Farbe des Frühlings, aber ſein ſanftes, beſcheidenes Grün wirkt neben den kahlen Feldern faſt wohlthuender als die mailiche Jugendfarbe, die doch vom lebhafteren Grün der Saaten Einbuße erlitt. Die herbſtliche Wieſe trägt einen gar beſcheidenen Blumenſchmuck von blaßrötlichen Zeitloſen, hier und da eine verſpätete Blüte des Blauglöckchens oder die weißliche Dolde der Bärenklau, gleichſam als Reliquien aus ihrer fröhlichen Jugend— zeit; aber wie freundlich treten in der blumenarmen Zeit dieſe ſchlichten Kinder Floras dem Menſchen entgegen! Sie gewinnen ihm als letzte Blumen denſelben oder faſt noch höheren Beifall ab als die erſten des Frühlings. Wer hätte nicht ſchon die bleiche, blattloſe Blume der Zeitloſe verwundert angeſchaut und ſich gefragt: Wie ver— mag nur dieſe zarte Blüte das harte Erdreich, in deſſen tiefem Schoße fie entiproß, zu durchbrehen? Wie wohl thut fie, ihre junge Frucht nicht mit emporzunehmen, jondern jte im warmen Grunde zu überwintern! Sit das nicht eine Pflanze, der man eine Vorausſicht, eine Winterforge zujchreiben möchte, wie den Winterjchläfern des Tierreich3? Einen bejonderen Neiz erhält die Wieje im September dadurch, daß jie nun durch mancherlei Staffage belebt wird. Am Sommer war ihr Grashain zwar von vielen Keinen und winzigen Gejchöpfen bevölfert: es wimmelte von Käfern, Schneden, Fliegen und altern ; mancher Vogel, bejonderd der laut fnarrende Wachtellönig und der - trillernde Bieper, baute darin jein Neft, und Mäufe, Maulwürfe und Wiejel trieben darauf ihr heimliches Wejen. Aber alle diefe Inſaſſen der Wiejen blieben dem Menjchen, dem von Walpurgis an daS Be— treten de3 Grasteppichs verboten it, fait ganz verborgen und die weite grüne Fläche erjchien ihm von der Ferne leicht wie eine ein— ödenartige Steppe. Welch ein rege buntes Treiben gejtaltet ſich nun auf dem herbit- lihen Wiejenplane! Hier winmelt es von grajenden und ruhenden 254 Ausgewählte Aufiäbe und Gedichte. Schafen, zwijchen denen Staare umbherflattern und ſich oft zu einem beherzten Ritt auf dem wolligen Rüden eines Widder anſchicken; dort find in malerifhen Gruppen Rinder verjtreut, welche ihre volle Schön— heit nur dann entfalten, wenn fie jich ungebunden auf der Weide um— bertreiben; dazwiſchen jpielen die Hirtenfnaben, welche jodelnd das Echo weden und gegen Abend das luſtige Feuerchen ſchüren, dejjen Rauchwolken jo zierlich über dem Boden jchmweben, als wollten jie es den Mettenfäden des Altweiberjommerd nadhthun. Somit ift denn der September die rechte Zeit, um die Schön— heit der Wieje und ihre Bedeutung für die deutſche Landſchaft zu erkennen. Im Frühling und Sommer jpielte fie im vollen Chore der Natur nur eine bejcheidene Füllſtimme; jett wird ihr die obligate Stinme zugemwiejen, die jie erjt im Oktober an den präcdhtigbunten Wald abtritt. — Im BVoigtland und am Fichtelgebirge führen viele Ortichaften den Gattungdnamen „Grün,“ weil fie auf einer Wiejenfläche angelegt find. Dad Grün erichien aljo dem Naturjinne des Volkes jo jehr als wejentliche Eigenschaft der Wieje, daß man die Farbe zur Be— zeichnung ihres Trägers brauchte. Und in der That liegt die wahre Wirkung dieſes Flurteiles für das Landjchaftsbild in feinem jteten heiteren Grün, das neben den einen großen Teil de3 Jahres braun oder fahl daliegenden Feldern, neben den über ſechs Monate hindurch fahlen Laubwäldern und neben dem düſtern Immergrün des Nadel- holze3 jo wohl thut, wie der Bowling-Green*), (der Raſenplatz) im Garten. Wie traurig würden unjere Fluren ausjehen, wenn man ihnen diejen äjthetijch jo bedeutjamen Zeil jchmälerte oder ganz entzöge! Und ift das nicht ein Ereignis, dad mande Gegend nicht bloß bedroht, jondern ſchon betroffen hat? Der Aderbauer bevorzugt, ſo— weit er fann, das Feldland. Jährlich fallen viele taufend Morgen blumiger Prärieen Amerifa® dem Pflug al3 Opfer, und auch in Deutichland hat ſich im Laufe des legten Menfchenalters das Areal der Wiejen an vielen Orten vermindert. Kleebau, Stallfütterung, Verwandlung des Wiejenlandes in Saatfeld — das iſt die Lofung der Adermirte. , Nun, ganz werden fie die Wiejen faum irgendwo ausrotten. Überall, bejonderd in gebirgigen Gegenden, giebt es Berghänge und der UÜberſchwemmung ausgejegte Thaljohlen, die man immer als Wieſewachs bejtehen lafjen wird. Aber ſelbſt bei einer bloßen Ver— Eeinerung der Wiejenfläche beflagt der Naturfreund, daß aud) hier *).Bowling-Green, in den engliihen Gärten der ebene Raſenplatz, der zum Borwlingipiel dient, einem Kugeljpiel mit einjeitig bejchwerten Kugeln, welche in Kurven laufen. Die Wiefe. 255 das Nüblihe der Feind des Schönen it. Sogar die viel gepriejene Wiejenkultur betrachtet ein jolcher nicht ohne Bedenken. Der Landwirt ftrebt, die Naturwieſe in eine Hunftwieje zu ver- wandeln, die ihm möglichjt hohe Erträge an Heu liefere. Iſt damit nicht auch der echten, deutjchen, bunten Wiejenmatte der Krieg erklärt, der an mannigfaltigen Kräutern reichen Wiefe, wie wir fie jeit unjerer Kindheit lieb haben? Schon haben einzelne Grundbefißer die Herbit- zeitlojen durd) Ausgrabung der Zwiebeln ausgerottet; werden fie nicht ollmähli au die andern „Unkräuter“ befehden und dent Pracht— teppich eine bunte Stiderei nad) der andern audzupfen?* Woher jollen dann die Kinder ihre Drafelloje zum „Edelmann, Bettelmann, Bauerdmann, Koh?“ nehmen, wenn die große Gänjeblume (Chrysan- themum) fehlt, die durch Goethes Gretchen die Kunftweihe empfangen bat? Wovon ſollen fie Ketten flechten, wenn der Löwenzahn aus— gerottet it? Woher ſich muſikaliſche Inſtrumente verichaffen, wenn es feine Schlüfjelblumen zu Trompetchen und feine Doldenftengel zu Fagotten mehr giebt? Woher jollen fie jich Honig beziehen, wenn es feine Salbei-Blüten mehr auszujaugen giebt? Wober joll fich der arme Mann fein Gewürz beziehen, wenn ihm der Wiejenfümmel ab- gejchnitten ift, und mit welchem Blumenftrauß jein Fenſterchen ſchmücken, wenn die Wieje blütenlo8 geworden? — Wehmütig jtimmt ein Gang über die herbjtliche Wieje, weil wir da das lebte Glimmen der Schöpferfraft ded Jahres erbliden und faft noch wehmütiger der Gedanke, daß die fteigende Kultur diejen urtümlichen Bejtandteil der Flur mehr und mehr bejchränft und um— wandelt. Die „jauere“ Wieje mit ihren abenteuerlichen Riedgräjern, ihrem jonderbaren Sonnentau, ihrem jchönblumigen Fieberklee, muß jhon überall der Drainierung weichen; werden unjere Enfel nod Gelegenheit haben, eine Naturwieje zu jehen in ihrer bunten Pracht? ... Ein Glüd, daß die Hirtenjungen am Feuer und durd ihr jodelnde3 Sauchzen aus dem Sinnen und Träumen weden. Noch ift ja die ſchöne Wieſe der echten alten Art vorhanden; laßt uns fie fröhlich genießen und der Zukunft ihre Sorgen anheimgeben! *) Ähnlich) Hagt Sigismund, der wie ein bejorgter Vater feine Blumen- finder liebte, in dem Aufjag: „Die Ummandlungen der Flora” (Aus der Heimat, 1860). Winterfhläfer, Winterflühtlinge und Winterhelden. L Der Winter ift für die Tiere jo gut wie für die unbemittelten Menſchen eine Zeit der Entbehrung und des Leidens, denn er ent- zieht ihnen außer der Luftwärme auch die Gelegenheit, ſich leicht und reichlich diejenigen Mittel zu erwerben, welche die innere organijche Temperatur unterhalten, nämlich die Nahrungsmittel. Niemand friert und erfriert leichter al3 der Hungrige. Da nun aber im Winter die Pflanzenwelt feine neue Nahrung erzeugt und die meijten genieß— baren Früchte und Wurzeln entweder verbraucht oder unzugänglich find, jo würden fat in jedem Winter einzelne Tiergejchlechter aus— jterben, wenn nicht Anjtalten vorhanden wären, um die Tiere, wie in einer Arche Noah, über die Notzeit hinwegzubringen. Freilih it e8 anmutiger zuzujchauen, wenn im Sommer die Tiere an vollen Tijchen jchmaujen, zechen und jubeln; aber die Be— obachtung des Winterlebend, welches fie bei knapper oder ganz mangelnder Koft wenig freudig verbringen, ift nicht bloß ein not— wendiges Gegenbild, jondern ſie bietet auch de3 Anziehenden und Tröjtlichen nicht wenig. Anziehend, weil man findet, daß jedes Weſen nicht ohne Erfolg jtrebt, jich die herbe Zeit jo erträglich als möglich zu machen und ihr wohl gar einige Comfort3 abzugewinnen; tröjtlich deshalb, weil man im voraus weiß, daß, wenn aud Einzelne leiden oder gar erliegen, doch im Frühjahr alle Gejchlehter zu friſchem, fröhlichem Leben erwachen und dag vergangene Leid leicht vergejjen.*) Die UÜberjchrift giebt das verjchiedene Verhalten an, da8 man an den Tieren im Winter beobachtet. Bei weitem die Mehrzahl gehört zu der erjten Abteilung der Winterjchläfer. Die meijten unjerer ein *) Sigismimd behandelt diejes interefjante Thema in verjchiedenen feiner Aufjäge, jo in: „Naturleben im Winter“, worin er jchildert, wie Pflanzen und Tiere den Winter überjtehen (Auerbachs Voltsfalender, 1865); in „Das Winterleben der deutichen Tierwelt“ (Illuſtr. Familien-Journal, 1863); ſo— wie zum Zeil in „Der Schlaf” (Aus der Heimat, 1859). — Vgl. auch Barkow, Der Winterfchlaf nach jeinen Erſcheinungen im Tierreich, Berlin, 1846, Winterjchläfer, Winterflüchtlinge und Winterhelden. 257 heimifhen Tiere, welche den Herbit überleben, jcheinen ſich ihren Wahlſpruch aus Goethe gewählt zu haben: ö „Halt du die böje Zeit geruht, Thut Dir die gute doppelt gut!“ Gie verjchlafen die böje Zeit, wie die Menjchen ein Unmwohljein ver: Schlafen. Unter der Zahl der Winterjchläfer ijt Fein einziger Vogel, (denn die Erzählungen von Rauchſchwalben, die in Sümpfen über- wintern, beruhen auf leicht erflärlihen Täufchungen,) wohl aber nicht wenige Säugetiere. Der Hamiter liegt im Winter in feiner Kammer, deren Zugänge er wohl verjtopft hat, zujammengefugelt, wie jcheintot; man merkt fait feinen Atem und fein Herz jchlägt jelten und äußerſt leije. Wahrjcheinlich erwacht er beim Mildwerden der Witterung zeitweilig, um etwas von feinen Vorräten zu genießen. Der grämlide Dachs ruht in jeinem reinlihen mit Laub gepoljterten Keſſel: er ißt nichts (wenn er im Winter einmal den Bau verläßt, joll er nur trinken) und zehrt buchjtäblich von feinem Fette. Der Igel jcharrt fich, wenn im Herbite die Quftwärme auf etwa + 6° fällt, unter einer Hede eine Höhle, jtreut Laub darein und dedt fich beim Schlafengehen dicht zu. Sch fand einmal in einem Graben einen jolhen Schläfer, um den dad Laub zu einer brotlaibähnliden Mafje zufammengefroren war. Stach ich ihn, jo äußerte er feinen Laut, jondern rollte ſich nur etwas fejter zujammen; öffnete ich jein Augenlied, jo ſank es wieder zu, ohne daß das trübe Auge Lichtempfindung zeigte; hielt ich ihm Ammoniaf vor die Naje, jo bewegte er, ohne zu erwachen, den Kopf weg. Sein Atem war fajt unmerflich, zuweilen jtand er längere Beit ganz jtil. Al ich ihn ins warme Zimmer brachte, jtredte er ſich, gähnte, öffnete blinzelnd die Augen und bewegte ſich anfangs unficher, fait taumelnd. — Die zierlihe Haſelmaus jchläft vom Oktober an, in einen Knäuel gerollt, zwiſchen den Steinen einer Mauer oder in einem hohlen Baume, und erwacht, wie der gel, wenn das Wetter mild wird, um bei neuer Kälte wieder in Starrſucht zu ver— fallen. Die Fledermäufe, welche ihren Winterjchlaf in hohlen Bäumen oder Gebäuden und Höhlen halten (ihre Blutwärme joll von 24° auf 4° finfen) zeichnen ſich durch die jonderbare Haltung aus, die fie im Schlafe einnehmen. Sie hängen fich nämlid) fopfunter an den Krallen der Hinterfüße anf. In den Fugen des Gemäuers einer Wohnung, wo fie ziemlich) warm jteden, hörte ich fie wiederholt noch im November zwitjchern; dann aber, wenn die Kälte jo jtieg, daß die Straßen wafjerhart wurden, verjtummten fie. — Dies find Winter- ichläfer unter unjern Säugetieren, au denen die Wiſſenſchaft jchon manches gelernt und nod) viel zu erforichen hat. Unjere Reptilien find jämtlih Winterjchläfer. Schlangen und Sigismunds Ausgewählte Schriften. 17 “ 258 Ausgewählte Aufſätze und Gedichte. Eidechſen jchlafen in Felsipalten oder unter dem Laube, Fröſche, Molhe und Salamander im Schlamme der Teiche, in denen man ihon Fröſche fejtgefroren fand und doch wieder zum Leben brachte. Diejen Tieren fommt gewiß das Einjchlafen am leichtejten an, da fie auch im Sommer bei jonnlojen Tagen jtarr und träg find und im wachen Zuftande monatelang hungern fünnen. Faſt unzählich ift die Zahl der Winterjchläfer unter den Inſekten. Vielleicht die meijten Arten dieſer Klaſſe überleben den Winter in der allerleijeiten Form des Lebens, im Eizujtande. Auffallenderweije vermag der Lebensleim in vielen Fällen mehr zu ertragen als das ausgebildete Weſen; Pflanzenſamen und Inſekteneier halten unbejchädigt Temperaturen aus, denen die daraus hHervorgehenden Wejen erliegen würden. Die überwinternden Inſekten liegen in einer wahren Todes— ſtarre (Letdargie). Sie haben die Beine eng an den Leib gezogen, manchmal brechen diejelben eher ab, als fie fich beugen lafjen. Das itarre Snjelt äußert feine Empfindung; und doc) fehrt e8, wenn man ed kräftig anhaucht oder in ein warmes Zimmer bringt, raſch aus jeinem fcheinbaren Zuftande der Verwünjchung oder PVerzauberung zum Leben zurüd, es regt Fühler und Beine und fängt an zu zappeln. — Die meijten Inſeltenſchläfer verjorgen fih im Winter mit trefflichen Betihen unter Baumrinden, im Holze mulmiger, hohler Bäume, im Mooje, in Erdlöchern, in Kleinen Höhlen unter den Steinen von Mauern und unter Geröll. In einer „Steinrütjche“ (wie man in Thüringen die Haufen der von den Feldern abgelejenen Steine nennt) findet man unter dem einen Steine einen erjtarıten Zauffäfer, dort eine haarige Raupe oder Puppen verjchiedener Art, unter einer andern Gteinplatte fiehft man einen ganzen Staat Fleiner gelber Ameijen, die ich jhon bei p10R. ftarr fand. Tief im Mooje be— gegnet man zumeilen einer erjtarrten weiblichen Hummel, welche der ihönen Zeit der Stadhelbeer- Blüte entgegen jchläft, um dann einen neuen Staat zu gründen. Wafjerfäfer gefrieren nicht jelten mit dem MWafjer ihres Tümpfels ein, ohne daß dadurch ihr Leben erlijcht. Manche Schmetterlinge benußen als außerordentlichen Glüdsfall die Innenwand einer Höhle, einer Scheune oder eines Gartenhauſes zur Schlafjtätte und überjtehen jo den Winter, dem fie im Freien erliegen müßten. Das Pfauenauge und der Frühlingsherold find Diejenigen Falter, welche von jolhen Winterafglen am häufigiten Gebrauch maden, um und in den eriten jchönen Tagen des Mai als holde Vorboten der Veilchen zu umflattern. Die größte Kälte erträgt der Froftjchmetterling, der gegen Ende Dftober, in meiner Heimat regel= mäßig um das Neformationzfeit, in der Abenddämmerung um Baum— ſtämme flattert, um das flügellofe Weibchen aufzufuchen. Ich jah im Sahre 1858 nad) den Falten Novembernächten, die und durch Fröſte Winterſchläfer, Winterflüchtlinge und Winterhelden. 959 bon 17° R. Schlittihuhbahn brachten, einige an milden Abenden flattern. Gewähren viele Winterjchläfer Intereſſe durch die Kunſt, mit der fie die Erdwärme und den Schuß ſchlechter Wärmeleiter auffuchen, jo find doppelt anziehend diejenigen Schneden, welche ſich nicht nur unter Steine und Mooje verbergen, jondern aud ihr eigenes trag bare Haus durch einen Dedel Iuftdicht verwahren. Sie jhwiten im Herbit ein Kalkplättchen oder eine von Kalk durchdrungene Schleim= haut aus, welche die Mündung ihres Gehäuſes jo gut verjchließen, wie die bejte Thür den Eingang einer menſchlichen Wohnung. Die niederen, den Klaſſen der Würmer und Infuſorien ane gehörigen Tiere, welche im Wafjer oder in der Erde leben, verbringen wohl jämtlih den Winter im Scheintode. Während unter den Winterjchläfern, deren Leben jährlich eine Paufe macht, kein einziger Vogel ſich befindet, bilden von der zweiten Abteilung, welche die Uberjchrift nennt, die Vögel die Mehrzahl. Als eigentliche Winterflüchtlinge haben wir nur die Vögel. Denn die Ortdveränderungen mancher Säugetiere, 3. B. des Fuchjes, der im Winter aus den Gebirgsforſten herabrüdt, fann man nicht Wanderungen, jondern höchſtens Berufsgänge nennen. Die Wandervögel zerfallen in zwei Klaſſen. Die Strichvögel vertaufchen nur die rauheren gebirgigen Gegenden ihres Vaterlandes mit niedriger gelegenen, milderen Landſchaften. So fommen im Spät: berbit von den Höhen ded Thüringer Walde mancherlei Meijen jcharenweije in die Fluren des Gebirgsfußes; jo begeben fich viele Baumrutjcher und Spechtmeijen an die Bäume der Objtgärten und der Alleen milderer Fluren. Die Zugvögel entfernen fi) nicht nur von ihrer Heimat, jondern auch von ihrem Baterlande; auch reijen fie nicht in kleinen Tagemärichen, wie die Strichvögel, welche fi gleich ftromernden Handwerksburſchen an jeder hübſchen Station jo lange aufhalten als die Nahrung reicht und das Wetter erlaubt, jondern wie Eijenbahn- reiende, die täglich viele Meilen im Fluge zurüdlegen und nur jo lange rajten, als zu des Leibes Notdurft umentbehrlih it. Wenn man einen feilförmigen Zug don Gaatgänjen oder Kranichen haſtig und lärmend dahinjaujen fieht, wird man unmwillfürlih an die Züge der Eilreifenden erinnert, die fih im Bahnhofe fait jo haftig und ängjtlicy erquiden, al3 die Saatgänje nachts auf einem jchneefreien Gaatfelde thun. Die Zugvögel teilen wir, von unjerem Standpunfte der heimat= lihen Naturbeobadhtung aus, in zwei Abteilungen: in jolche. die nach Deutichland ziehn und in folche, die von Deutjhland auswandern. Die erjteren find nordiiche Winterflüchtlinge, die den deutjchen Winter 17* 260 Ausgewählte Aufſätze und Gedichte. für Spaß halten im Vergleich zu dem ihrer Heimat, und deshalb als Wintergäite in Deutjchland einfehren, das ihnen jo mild = be= wintert erjcheint, al uns etwa Nizza vorfommt. Mancher dieſer BWintergäjte finden fih bei und alljährlich ein, 3. B. der Krammets— vogel und der Quäfer (Fringilla montifringilla). Andere, wie der Zetſcher oder Leinfint (Fringilla linaria) fommen in manden Jahren jelten oder bleiben wohl einmal ganz aus; zuweilen dagegen — Die Vogeliteller meinen irrig, daß ie feite 3-, 5= oder 7 jährige Zeiträume innehalten — fommen fie in Scharen. Noch, andere Wintergäjte erjcheinen weit jeltener und nur in ungewöhnlich ftrengen Wintern. Dazu gehört der jchönbefiederte Seidenſchwanz. BZumeilen treffen nordiihe Gäſte bei uns ein, die wahre Seltenheiten find und jeit Menjchengedenken jich nicht eingefunden haben. Außer mander jeltenen Entenart verflogen fi in meine Heimat jchon isländiſche Möven (Larus tridactylus), die Spornammer (Plectrophanes nivalis) u. a. Den Bewohnern des unmwirtlihjten Nordens mag unjer Land jelbit in jeinem traurigjten Zujtande immer noch jchön genug erjcheinen. Wie lajjen fie fi) die deutjchen Früchte jchmeden! Wachholder- und Eberejchen= Beeren (Vogelbeeren), Erlen und Birkenſamen, wie be- traten fie die als Lederbifjien! Der Seidenſchwanz verzehrt jogar die Beeren des Faulbaums und Weißdornd, welche von jo vielen andern Vögeln ganz verjchmäht werden. Die armen Norbländer müfjen für die genofjene ajtfreundjchaft leider meiſt jehr teuer bezahlen; man rupft fie nicht nur, (wie man das wohl ruffiichen Badegäften thut), man tötet und verzehrt fie auch in jo großer Menge, daß oft faum der zehnte Teil heimkehrt in die heimatlichen Einöden. I. Mande Flüchtlinge der ‚nordiichen Gegenden und faſt jämt- liche deutiche Zugvögel brechen viel entjchiedener mit dem Winter als die Strichvögel, die ji einen nur etwas milderen Aufent— halt fuchen. Die Zugpögel machen, gleich) reichen Tourijten, große Reifen, um dem Winter in einem warmen Lande ganz auszu— weichen. Sie ziehen über Deutjchland weg, überfliegen die Alpen und zwar gemwöhnlih längs der Päſſe, durdjitreifen Stalien (mo außerordentlich viele, auch von denen, die von deutichen Vogelftellern nie getötet werden, z. B. Schwalben und Grasmüden, gefangen und verzehrt werden) und ſchwingen ſich zulett über das Mittelmeer, um in den warmen Küjtenländern oder jelbjt tiefer landeinwärt3 in den unbefannten Duellgegenden de3 Nils eine Zuflucht zu juchen Am mweitejten nach Süden jcheinen vorzudringen der Kudud, die Schwalben, die Wachtel, der Schnärz (Wachtelfönig), der Stord, Pirol, Wende- Winterfchläfer, Winterflüchtlinge und Winterhelden. 261 hals und manche Heine Sänger. Sie gelangen in Gegenden, die noch nie ein Europäer durchforſcht Hat. Am früheſten verlaffen uns Kuckuck, Wachtel und Wachtelkönig, am jpäteften verlafjen und Die Kranihe und Saatgänje, die letzteren fliegen oft erit im Dezember über unjern Häuptern dahin. Faft nie verjpäten die Winterflüchtlinge ihre Abreije, fie verlafjen ihre Sommerheimat immer zeitig genug, um den Unannehmlichleiten der gefürchteten Jahreszeit zu entgehen; aber bei der Wiederkehr müſſen — mit Ausnahme der am früheften reifenden und am jpäteften zurüdfommenden Kudude, Wachteln und Wachtelkönige — gar mande den Winter doch noch jchmeden. Ein „Lerchenjchnee*, der nicht jelten jpät im Frühling die jchon grünenden Auen dicht bededt, lehrt die Winterflüchtlinge die Not kennen, welche ihre Brüder, die durch das Band der Heimatsliebe gefejlelt ausharren, nicht jelten zu erdulden haben. Die Wanderungen der Zugvögel gehören zu den jchmwierigjten Fragen der Tierfunde Was veranlaßt dieje Tiere, ihre Reiſe zu einer bejtimmten Zeit anzutreten? Wenn die Mehrzahl abreift, iſt es keineswegs kalt und ein wirklicher Nahrungsmangel noch nicht vor= handen. Der Kudud verläßt den jchöngrünen Wald, der gewiß; noch viele Raupen darbietet. Was Teitet die Zugvögel auf ihrem Wege über Land und Meer? Manche halten Jahr für Jahr diejelbe Straße ein; die Wachteln ruhen faft alljährlich zu Taujenden auf der Inſel Capri bei Neapel aus. Was bewegt fie, aus dem ununterbrochen warmen, füdlichen Zuflucht3orte heimzufehren? Wir können nocd nicht eine einzige Diejer Fragen genügend beantworten. Mit der bloßen Nennung des Naturtriebes (Inſtinktes) it nichts erklärt. Wahrjcheinlich ift dieje wunderbare Erſcheinung eined der Naturgeheimnifje, die der Menjch nie zu entjchleiern vermögen wird. Der einzige Weg, auf dem man der Löjung fi) etwas annähern könnte, wäre die genaue Beobahtung der Wanderungen und der Naturverhäftnifje des Aufent- haltsortes in der legten Zeit vor der Abreiſe. Solche Beobachtungen jeien jedem Lejer für feine Heimat beſtens empfohlen.*) E3 gewährt hohes Intereſſe, die Kalender verjchiedener Jahrgänge zu vergleichen, in denen man den Abgang und die Ankunft der Winterflüchtlinge aufgezeichnet hat; man lebt in der Woche, wo, nad) dem Mittel früherer Beobachtungen, die gefiederten Sommergäfte zu erwarten find, fajt in jo freudiger Spannung, ald wenn man dem angemeldeten Bejuche lieber Freunde entgegenfieht. *) Durch neuere Forſchungen über die Wanderungen der Vögel iſt vieles, was Sigismund noch geheimnisvoll erjcheint, in einfacher Weile erklärt worden. Erfahrung und Gewohnheit jcheinen hier die Hauptrolle zu jpielen, Vgl. u. a. Palmen, Die Zugitrafen der Bügel, Leipzig 1877. — Weismann, „Über das Wandern der Vögel, Berlin 1878. 262 Ausgewählte Aufſätze und Gedichte. Außer den bisher erwähnten Winterjchläfern und Winterflüchtlingen giebt es unter den bei uns heimijchen Tieren eine Anzahl, welche vor dem Winter weder dumpf erjtarren noch mutlos fliehen, fondern mit männlicher Tapferleit den Beſchwerden und Leiden der ftrengen Zahreszeit Troß bieten. Dieje braven Tiere find unjere „Winters helden“. Als der erſte Winterheld verdient ein Tier genannt zu werden, das ſonſt wegen ſeiner Furchtſamkeit zum Sprichwort geworden iſt, nämlich der Haſe. Mühſelig ſucht er ſeine Nahrung, die oft kümmer— lich genug aus dürren, der Schneedecke entragenden Halmen oder bittern Baumrinden beſteht, und verkriecht ſich, ſobald er ſich leidlich ge— ſättigt und oft wohl auch mit leerem Magen, unter einem Buſche in ſein Lager aus Laub, in dem er ſich einwühlt. Meiſt iſt es ſo eingerichtet, daß der Wind darüber weggeht, oft iſt es faſt ganz von Schnee überwölbt. Durch viele „Abſprünge“, die er die Kreuz und Quer macht, ſucht er zu verhindern, daß er durch die Fährten im Schnee verraten werde. In dieſem Lager verſchläft er nun manche lange, bittre Nacht. Warum er aber nicht, gleich ſeinen nahen Ver— wandten, dem Murmeltier und der Haſelmaus, einen wahren Winter— ſchlaf hält, iſt aus dem Baue ſeiner Organe durchaus nicht zu er— klären; ſein dichteres Winterhaar, das vielleicht von manchen als ein Grund angegeben werden dürfte, weshalb er wach der Kälte trotze, erklärt nichts, denn ein ſolches ſproßt im Spätjahre auch manchen Winterſchläfern. Von den Nagetieren ſind noch mehrere im Winter munter.
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Outras informações: Pertence à tribo Hottak. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 1 de junho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427437
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Em junho de 2008, Abdul Jabbar Omari exerceu funções como adjunto de Amir Khan Haqqani e foi comandante de um grupo armado no distrito de Siuri, província de Zabul. Nessa altura, para reforçarem as suas atividades na zona, os dirigentes talibã nomearam-no governador-sombra da província de Zabul.
(85) Mohammad Ibrahim Omari. (também conhecido por Ibrahim Haqqani).
Título: Alhaj. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto dos Assuntos das Fronteiras durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: Aproximadamente 1958. Local de nascimento: Garda Saray, distrito de Waza Zadran, província de Paktia, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Irmão de Jalaluddin Haqqani; pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1428541
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Mohammad Ibrahim Omari foi incluído na lista em 23 de fevereiro de 2001 na qualidade de Ministro-Adjunto dos Assuntos das Fronteiras do regime talibã, pelo que lhe são aplicáveis as disposições das Resoluções 1267 (1999) e 1333 (2000) do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas relativas aos atos e atividades das autoridades talibã.
Mohammad Ibrahim Omari é irmão de Jalaluddin Haqqani e Khalil Ahmed Haqqani, e tio de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani, Nasiruddin Haqqani e Badruddin Haqqani (falecido).
(86) Nooruddin Turabi Muhammad Qasim (também conhecido por a) Noor ud Din Turabi, b) Haji Karim).
Título: a) Mulá, b) Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro da Justiça durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: a) aproximadamente 1963; b) aproximadamente 1955, c) 1956. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Spin Boldak, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão, b) distrito de Chora, província de Uruzgan, Afeganistão, c) distrito de Dehrawood, província de Uruzgan, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Adjunto do Mulá Mohammed Omar. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427426
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Em meados de 2009, Nooruddin Turabi Muhammad Qasim foi nomeado comandante militar dos talibã no Afeganistão. Nomeado adjunto do chefe supremo do movimento, Mohammed Omar, participou nas reuniões da Shura talibã no início de 2009.
(87) Abdul Salam Hanafi Ali Mardan Qul (também conhecido por a) Abdussalam Hanifi, b) Hanafi Saheb).
Título: a) Mulá, b) Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto da Educação durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1968. Local de nascimento: a) Distrito de Darzab, província de Faryab, Afeganistão, b) Distrito de Qush Tepa, província de Jawzjan, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Membro dos talibã responsável pela província de Jawzjan, no Norte do Afeganistão, até 2008. Implicado no tráfico de droga. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 1 de junho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427380
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
A partir de maio de 2007, os dirigentes talibã encarregaram Abdul Salam Hanafi Ali Mardan Qul de dirigir a província de Jawzujan. Foi também o membro dos talibã responsável pela província de Jawzjan, no Norte do Afeganistão, até 2008. Estará provavelmente implicado no tráfico de droga.
(88) Abdul Ghafar Qurishi Abdul Ghani (também conhecido por Abdul Ghaffar Qureshi).
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Adido para a Repatriação, Embaixada talibã, Islamabade, Paquistão. Data de nascimento: a) 1970, b) 1967. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Turshut, distrito de Wursaj, província de Takhar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o: D 000933 (passaporte afegão emitido em Cabul a 13 de setembro de 1998). N.o de identificação nacional: 55130 [bilhete de identidade nacional afegão (tazkira)]. Endereço: Khairkhana Section Number 3, Kabul, Afghanistan (Afeganistão). Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Implicado no tráfico de droga. Pertence ao grupo étnico Tajique. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/5741515
(89) Yar Mohammad Rahimi.
Título: Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro da Comunicação durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1953. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Talugan, distrito de Panjwai, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Membro do Conselho Supremo talibã em 2009. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Nurzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427375
(90) Mohammad Hasan Rahmani (também conhecido por Gud Mulhah Mohammad Hassan).
Título: Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Governador da província de Kandahar (Afeganistão) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1963. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Deh Rawud, província de Uruzgan, Afeganistão, b) distrito de Chora, província de Uruzgan, Afeganistão, c) distrito de Charchino, província de Uruzgan, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001
Outras informações: A perna direita é uma prótese. Membro do Conselho Supremo talibã desde meados de 2013; adjunto do Mulá Mohammed Omar em março de 2010. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Achakzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Falecido em 9 de fevereiro de 2016. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427431
(91) Habibullah Reshad.
Título: Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Chefe do Departamento de Investigação, Ministro da Segurança (Informações) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: entre 1968 e 1973. Local de nascimento: distrito de Waghaz, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Chefe Adjunto (Informações) do Conselho Militar de Quetta desde 2009. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678333
(92) Abdulhai Salek.
Título: Maulavi Motivos da inclusão na lista: Governador da província de Uruzgan durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1965. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Awlyatak, zona de Gardan Masjid, distrito de Chaki Wardak, província de Maidan Wardak, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU: 23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Alegadamente falecido no Norte do Afeganistão, em 1999. Pertencia à tribo Wardak. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 27 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678489
(93) Hamdullah Sunani (também conhecido por Sanani).
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Chefe da Dar-ul-Efta (Departamento da Fatwa) do Supremo Tribunal durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1923. Local de nascimento: distrito de Dai Chopan, província de Zabul, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Outras informações: alegadamente falecido em 2001. Pertencia à tribo Kakar. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
O lugar de chefe da Dar-ul-Efta (Departamento da Fatwa) detido por Hamdullah Sanani recaía sob a alçada do Supremo Tribunal do regime talibã.
(94) Noor Mohammad Saqib.
Motivos da inclusão na lista: Juiz Presidente do Supremo Tribunal durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1958. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Bagrami, província de Cabul, Afeganistão, b) zona de Tarakhel, distrito de Deh Sabz, província de Cabul, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Membro do Conselho Supremo talibã e Chefe do Comité Religioso talibã. Pertence à tribo Ahmadzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427560
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Noor Mohammad Saqib é um dos dirigentes talibã e preside ao Comité Religioso, equivalente do poder judiciário dentro do movimento.
(95) Ehsanullah Sarfida Hesamuddin Akhundzada (também conhecido por a) Ehsanullah Sarfadi, b) Ehsanullah Sarfida).
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto da Segurança (Informações) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: entre 1960 e 1963 (aproximadamente). Local de nascimento: aldeia de Khatak, distrito de Gelan, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Desde meados de 2007, apoiou os talibã, fornecendo-lhes armas e dinheiro. Pensa-se que se encontra na região do Golfo. Pertence à tribo Taraki. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427441
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Ehsanullah Sarfida foi também presidente do Banco Central dos talibã. Foi posteriormente nomeado administrador das províncias capturadas. Era membro da Shura Suprema dos talibã.
No âmbito da Al-Qaida, Ehsanullah Sarfida apoiou os talibã, fornecendo-lhes armas e dinheiro. Em meados de 2007, era o chefe do distrito de Marja, na província de Helmand, Afeganistão.
(96) Saduddin Sayyed (também conhecido por a) Sadudin Sayed, b) Sadruddin)
Título: a) Maulavi, b) Alhaj, c) Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: a) Vice-Ministro do Trabalho e Assuntos e Sociais do regime talibã, b) Presidente do Município de Cabul durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1968. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Chaman, Paquistão; b) distrito de Spin Boldak, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Conselheiro do Conselho Supremo dos talibã desde meados de 2013. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona de fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Barakzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427433
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Saduddin Sayyed foi também Vice-Ministro do Trabalho e Assuntos e Sociais do regime talibã. A lista da ONU foi atualizada em 8 de março de 2001 de modo a incluir esta informação.
(97) Abdul Wali Seddiqi.
Título: Qari. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Terceiro Secretário, Consulado-Geral Talibã, Peshawar, Paquistão. Data de nascimento: 1974. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Zilzilay, distrito de Andar, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o: D 000769 (passaporte afegão emitido em 2.2.1997). Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1446036
(98) Abdul Wahed Shafiq.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Vice-Governador da província de Cabul (Afeganistão) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1968. Local de nascimento: Província de Nangarhar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 27 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427520
(99) Said Ahmed Shahidkhel.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto da Educação durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1975. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Spandeh (Espandi 'Olya), distrito de Andar, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Em julho de 2003 encontrava-se em situação de prisão preventiva em Cabul, Afeganistão. Em 2007, foi libertado da prisão preventiva. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Membro do Conselho dos altos dirigentes talibã desde meados de 2013. Pertence à tribo Andar. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427378
(100) Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Shah Mohammed (também conhecido por a) Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Khan Muhammad, b) Akhtar Muhammad Mansoor, c) Akhtar Mohammad Mansoor, d) Naib Imam).
Título: a) Maulavi, b) Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro da Aviação Civil e dos Transportes durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: a) Aproximadamente 1960, b) 1966. Local de nascimento: Aldeia de Band-e-Timur, distrito de Maiwand, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o: SE-011697 (passaporte afegão emitido em 25 de janeiro de 1988 em Cabul, caducado em 23 de fevereiro de 2000). Data de designação pela ONU: 25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Implicado no tráfico de droga desde 2011, principalmente através de Gerd-e-Jangal, Afeganistão. Tem desenvolvido atividades nas províncias de Khost, Paktia e Paktika, Afeganistão, desde maio de 2007. «Governador» talibã de Kandahar desde maio de 2007. Adjunto do Mulá Abdul Ghani Baradar no Conselho Supremo talibã desde 2009. Funcionário talibã responsável por quatro províncias do Sul do Afeganistão. Na sequência da detenção do Mulá Baradar em fevereiro de 2010, chefiou interinamente o Conselho Supremo talibã. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Ishaqzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Terá sido morto em maio de 2016. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1494260
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Shah Mohammed é um destacado dirigente dos talibã. Detido no Paquistão, foi repatriado para o Afeganistão em setembro de 2006. Implicado no tráfico de droga desde maio de 2007 nas províncias afegãs de Khost, Paktia e Paktika. Foi também «governador» talibã de Kandahar desde maio de 2007.
Esteve ativamente implicado em atividades antigovernamentais; nomeadamente, recrutava pessoas para lutarem pelo regime talibã contra o Governo afegão e a Força Internacional de Assistência à Segurança.
Em meados de 2009, Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Shah Mohammed era vice-chefe da Shura Suprema dos talibã. Membro do Conselho de Direção dos talibã, foi designado Chefe dos Assuntos Militares do «Conselho Gerdi Jangal» dos talibã antes de ser nomeado adjunto de Mohammed Omar em março de 2010. Em 2010, Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Shah Mohammed era diretamente responsável pelas atividades dos talibã em quatro províncias do Sul do Afeganistão; no início do mesmo ano, foi nomeado chefe da Shura civil do movimento. Akhtar Mohammad Mansour Shah Mohammed foi adjunto do Mulá Abdul Ghani Baradar Abdul Ahmad Turk no Conselho Supremo talibã desde 2009. Na sequência da detenção do Mulá Baradar em fevereiro de 2010, chefiou interinamente o Conselho Supremo talibã.
(101) Shamsuddin (também conhecido por Pahlawan Shamsuddin).
Título: a) Maulavi, b) Qari. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Governador da província de Wardak (Maidan) (Afeganistão) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1968. Local de nascimento: distrito de Keshim, província de Badakhshan, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão, o Paquistão e o Irão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427518
(102) Shams Ur-Rahman Abdul Zahir (também conhecido por a) Shamsurrahman b) Shams-u-Rahman c) Shamsurrahman Abdurahman, d) Shams ur-Rahman Sher Alam).
Título: a) Mulá, b) Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto da Agricultura durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: 1969. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Waka Uzbin, distrito de Sarobi, província de Cabul, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. N.o de identificação nacional: a) 2132370 [bilhete de identidade nacional afegão (tazkira)], b) 812673 [bilhete de identidade nacional afegão (tazkira)]. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Implicado no tráfico de droga. Pertence à tribo Ghilzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 27 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4707215
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Em junho de 2007, Shams ur-Rahman Sher Alam era o responsável talibã da província de Cabul. Encarregado das operações militares dos talibã na cidade e nos arredores de Cabul, esteve implicado em muitos atentados. Esteve implicado no tráfico de droga.
(103) Abdul Ghafar Shinwari.
Título: Haji. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Terceiro Secretário, Consulado-Geral talibã, Karachi, Paquistão. Data de nascimento:29.3.1965. Local de nascimento: Província de Nangarhar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o: D 000763 (emitido em 9.1.1997). Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Safi. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1446032
(104) Mohammad Sarwar Siddiqmal Mohammad Masood (também conhecido por Mohammad Sarwar Siddiqmal).
Motivos da inclusão na lista: Terceiro Secretário, Embaixada talibã, Islamabade, Paquistão. Data de nascimento: 1963. Local de nascimento: distrito de Jani Khel, província de Paktia, Afeganistão Nacionalidade: afegã. N.o de identificação nacional: 19657 [bilhete de identidade nacional afegão (tazkira)]. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pertence à tribo Mangal. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4665692
(105) Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai Padshah Khan.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: a) Ministro-Adjunto da Saúde Pública durante o regime talibã, b) Ministro-Adjunto dos Negócios Estrangeiros durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1963. Local de nascimento: Qala-e-Abbas, zona de Shah Mazar, distrito de Baraki Barak, província de Logar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Fotografia disponível para inclusão no aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427421
(106) Ahmad Taha Khalid Abdul Qadir.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Governador da província de Paktia (Afeganistão) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1963. Local de nascimento: a) província de Nangarhar, Afeganistão, b) província de Khost, Afeganistão, c) aldeia de Siddiq Khel, distrito de Naka, província de Paktia, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU: 23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Membro talibã responsável pela província de Nangarhar em 2011. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Zadran. Elemento próximo de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 1 de junho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427521
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Em finais de 2001, Taha foi também Governador da província de Kunar durante o regime talibã. Em setembro de 2009, era o responsável talibã pela província de Wardak. Foi o membro talibã responsável pela província de Nangarhar em 2011. Elemento próximo de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani.
(107) Abdul Raqib Takhari.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro da Repatriação durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: entre 1968 e 1973. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Zardalu Darra, distrito de Kalafgan, província de Takhar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU: 25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Membro do Conselho Supremo talibã e responsável pelas províncias de Takhar e Badakhshan em dezembro de 2009. Confirmação de que foi morto a 17 de fevereiro em Peshawar, Paquistão, e sepultado na província de Takhar, Afeganistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678374
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Membro do Conselho Supremo talibã e responsável pelas províncias de Takhar e Badakhshan em dezembro de 2009.
(108) Walijan.
Título: Maulavi. Motivos de inclusão na lista: Governador da província de Jawzjan (Afeganistão) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1968. Local de nascimento: a) Quetta, Paquistão; b) província de Nimroz, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Membro da Shura talibã Gerd-e-Jangal e Chefe da Comissão para os Prisioneiros e Refugiados Talibãs. Pertence à tribo Ishaqzai. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427434
(109) Nazirullah Hanafi Waliullah (também conhecido por Nazirullah Aanafi Waliullah).
Título: a) Maulavi, b) Haji. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Adido Comercial, Embaixada talibã, Islamabade, Paquistão. Data de nascimento: 1962. Local de nascimento: distrito de Spin Boldak, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o: D 000912 (passaporte afegão emitido em 30.6.1998). Data de designação pela ONU: 25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão.
A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1446026
(110) Abdul-Haq Wassiq (também conhecido por a) Abdul-Haq Wasseq, b) Abdul Haq Wasiq).
Título: Maulavi. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto da Segurança (Informações) durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: a) Aproximadamente 1975, b) 1971. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Gharib, distrito de Khogyani, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Endereço: Qatar (Catar). Data de designação pela ONU:31.1.2001.
Outras informações: A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 27 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1427442
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Abdul-Haq Wassiq está ligado a Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Durante o regime talibã, exerceu sucessivos cargos de comandante local nas províncias de Nimroz e Kandahar. Em seguida, tornou-se Diretor-geral Adjunto dos Serviços de Informação, sob a autoridade de Qari Ahmadullah. Nessa qualidade, esteve encarregado das relações com os combatentes estrangeiros ligados à Al-Qaida e dos seus campos de treino no Afeganistão. Era também conhecido pelos seus métodos repressivos contra os opositores aos talibã no Sul do Afeganistão.
(111) Mohammad Jawad Waziri.
Motivos da inclusão na lista: Departamento da ONU, Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1960. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Jaghatu, província de Maidan Wardak, Afeganistão, b) distrito de Sharana, província de Paktia, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:23.2.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Wazir. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 23 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678350
(112) Abdul Rahman Zahed (também conhecido por Abdul Rehman Zahid).
Título: Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Ministro-Adjunto dos Negócios Estrangeiros do regime talibã. Data de nascimento: aproximadamente 1963. Local de nascimento: distrito de Kharwar, província de Logar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 21 de julho de 2010. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678501
(113) Mohammad Zahid (também conhecido por a) Jan Agha Ahmadzai, b) Zahid Ahmadzai).
Título: Mulá. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Terceiro Secretário, Embaixada talibã, Islamabade, Paquistão. Data de nascimento: 1971. Local de nascimento: província de Logar, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. N.o de passaporte: D 001206 (emitido em 17.7.2000). Data de designação pela ONU:25.1.2001.
Outras informações: Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. A reapreciação, nos termos da Resolução 1822 (2008) do Conselho de Segurança, foi concluída em 29 de julho de 2010. Fotografia disponível para inclusão no aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/1446039
(114) Faizullah Khan Noorzai (também conhecido por a) Haji Faizullah Noor, b) Faizullah Noorzai Akhtar Mohammed Mira Khan, c) Hajji Faizullah Khan Noorzai; Haji Faizuulah Khan Norezai; Haji Faizullah Khan; Haji Fiazullah, d) Haji Faizullah Noori, e) Haji Pazullah Noorzai, f) Haji Mullah Faizullah).
Título: Haji. Endereço: a) Boghra Road, Miralzei Village, Chaman, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Paquistão), b) Kalay Rangin, Spin Boldak District, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan (Afeganistão). Data de nascimento: a) 1966, b) 1961, c) entre 1968 e 1970, d) 1962. Local de nascimento: a) Lowy Kariz, distrito de Spin Boldak, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão, b) Kadanay, distrito de Spin Boldak, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão, c) Chaman, província de Baluchistan, Paquistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU: 4.10.2011.
Outras informações: Destacado homem de finanças talibã. A partir de meados de 2009, forneceu armas, munições, explosivos e equipamento médico aos combatentes talibã; angariou fundos para os talibã e deu-lhes formação na zona de fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Antes disso organizara e financiara operações dos talibã na província afegã de Kandahar. A partir de 2010, viajou para o Dubai, Emirados Árabes Unidos, e Japão, onde detinha empresas. Pertence à tribo Noorzai, subtribo Miralzai. Irmão de Malik Noorzai. O nome do pai é Akhtar Mohammed (também conhecido por Haji Mira Khan). Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678606
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Faizullah Noorzai Akhtar Mohammed Mira Khan era um destacado homem de finanças talibã a quem os mais importantes dirigentes do regime confiavam os seus investimentos. Angariou mais de 100 000 dólares americanos para os talibã junto de doadores do Golfo, e em 2009 contribuiu com fundos próprios. Além disso, financiou um comandante talibã da província de Kandahar e contribuiu com dinheiro para a formação de combatentes dos talibã e da Al-Qaida que se preparavam para atacar as forças militares da coligação e do Afeganistão. Faizullah organizou e financiou, desde meados de 2005, operações dos talibã na província afegã de Kandahar. Para além da ajuda financeira que forneceu, Faizullah também facilitou por outros meios o treino e as operações dos talibã. A partir de meados de 2009, Faizullah forneceu armas, munições, explosivos e equipamento médico aos combatentes talibã da parte sul do Afeganistão. Em meados de 2008, Faizullah acoitou bombistas suicidas talibã e transportou-os do Paquistão para o Afeganistão. Faizullah também forneceu mísseis antiaéreos aos talibã, deu apoio às deslocações de combatentes talibã na província afegã de Helmand e a atentados suicidas à bomba, e ofereceu rádios e veículos a membros do regime no Paquistão.
A partir de meados de 2009, Faizullah dirigiu na zona de fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão uma madraça (escola religiosa) onde foram angariadas dezenas de milhares de dólares para os talibã. Os terrenos da madraça de Faizullah serviam para treinar os combatentes talibã na construção e utilização de engenhos explosivos improvisados. Desde finais de 2007 que a madraça de Faizullah servia para treinar combatentes da Al-Qaida que depois eram enviados para a província afegã de Kandahar.
Em 2010, Faizullah tinha escritórios e possivelmente propriedades, incluindo hotéis, no Dubai (Emirados Árabes Unidos). Deslocava-se regularmente ao Dubai e ao Japão com o irmão, Malik Noorzai, para importar automóveis e respetivas peças, bem como vestuário. Faizullah possui empresas no Dubai e no Japão desde o início de 2006.
(115) Malik Noorzai (também conhecido por a) Hajji Malik Noorzai, b) Hajji Malak Noorzai, c) Haji Malek Noorzai, d) Haji Maluk, e) Haji Aminullah), f) Allah Muhammad).
Título: Haji. Motivos da inclusão na lista: Homem de finanças talibã. Endereço: a) Boghra Road, Miralzei Village, Chaman, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Paquistão), b) Kalay Rangin, Spin Boldak District, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan (Afeganistão). Data de nascimento: a) 1957, b) 1960, c) 1 de janeiro de 1963. Local de nascimento: a) cidade fronteiriça de Chaman, Paquistão, b) Pishin, província de Baluchistan, Paquistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Passaporte n.o
: FA0157612 (Paquistão), emitido em 23 de julho de 2009, válido até 22 de julho de 2014, oficialmente anulado em 2013, emitido no nome de Allah Muhammad. N.o de identificação nacional: 54201-247561-5 (Paquistão), oficialmente anulado em 2013. Data de designação pela ONU: 4.10.2011.
Outras informações: Homem de finanças talibã. Detém empresas no Japão e desloca-se frequentemente ao Dubai, aos Emirados Árabes Unidos e ao Japão. A partir de 2009, apoiou as atividades dos talibã, nomeadamente em termos de recrutamento e apoio logístico. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Noorzai. Irmão de Faizullah Khan Noorzai. Nome do pai: Haji Akhtar Muhammad. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4670985
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Malik Noorzai é um empresário instalado no Paquistão que tem apoiado financeiramente os talibã. Tanto ele como o irmão, Faizullah Noorzai Mohammed Akhtar Mira Khan Mira, investiram milhões de dólares em várias empresas por conta dos talibã. Nos finais de 2008, os representantes do regime talibã contactaram com Malik para lhe confiarem, enquanto homem de negócios, fundos dos talibã para investimento. Desde pelo menos 2005, Malik também tem dado aos talibã a sua contribuição pessoal, que ascende a dezenas de milhares de dólares, e entregou-lhes centenas de milhares, em parte angariados junto de doadores da região do Golfo e do Paquistão e em parte oferecidos pelo próprio Malik. Malik também administrava uma conta «hawala» no Paquistão para a qual foram regularmente transferidos do Golfo, com intervalos de poucos meses, montantes que perfazem dezenas de milhares de dólares destinados a apoiar as atividades dos talibã. Malik apoiou igualmente as atividades dos talibã. Em 2009, Malik já tinha sido durante 16 anos chefe dos guardas de uma madraça (escola religiosa) da região de fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão, utilizada pelos talibã para dar instrução e formação aos recrutas. Entre outras funções, Malik entregava os fundos que sustentavam a madraça. Malik, juntamente com o irmão, também colaborava no armazenamento dos veículos destinados às operações bombistas suicidas dos talibã, e ainda apoiou as deslocações de combatentes talibã na província afegã de Helmand. Malik detém empresas no Japão e faz frequentes viagens de negócios a este país e ao Dubai. Já em 2005 Malik detinha no Afeganistão uma empresa de importação de veículos do Dubai e do Japão. Importava de ambos estes países automóveis e respetivas peças, bem como vestuário, para as suas empresas, em que dois comandantes talibã investiram. (116) Abdul Aziz Abbasin (também conhecido por Abdul Aziz Mahsud).
Data de nascimento: 1969. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Sheykhan, Pirkowti Area, distrito de Orgun, província de Paktika, Afeganistão. Data de designação pela ONU: 4.10.2011.
Outras informações: Comandante de primeiro plano da Rede Haqqani, sob as ordens de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani. Governador-sombra talibã do distrito de Orgun, província de Paktika, no início de 2010. Dirigiu um campo de treino de combatentes não afegãos na província de Paktika. Esteve implicado no transporte de armas para o Afeganistão. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4639645
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Abdul Aziz-Abbasin é um comandante de primeiro plano da Rede Haqqani, um grupo de militantes ligados aos talibã que opera a partir do Leste do Afeganistão e do distrito do Vaziristão do Norte nas zonas tribais sob administração federal do Paquistão. Em princípios de 2010 Abbasin ficou sob as ordens de Sirajuddin Haqqani, que o designou governador-sombra talibã do distrito de Orgun, província de Paktika, Afeganistão. Abbasin comanda um grupo de combatentes talibã e apoiou as atividades de um campo de treino de combatentes estrangeiros na província de Paktika. Além disso, Abbasin esteve implicado em emboscadas a veículos de abastecimento das forças do Governo afegão, bem como no transporte de armas para o Afeganistão.
(117) Ahmad Zia Agha (também conhecido por a) Zia Agha, b) Noor Ahmad, c) Noor Ahmed, d) Sia Agha Sayeed).
Título: Haji. Data de nascimento: 1974. Local de nascimento: distrito de Maiwand, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Data de designação pela ONU:6.1.2012.
Outras informações: Alto funcionário talibã com responsabilidades militares e financeiras em 2011. Membro do Conselho Militar dos Talibã desde 2010. Em 2008 e 2009, Ahmad Zia Agha atuou como responsável financeiro talibã e distribui dinheiro aos comandantes talibã na zona de fronteira Afeganistão/Paquistão. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4653034
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Ahmad Zia Agha é um alto dirigente talibã com responsabilidades militares e financeiras. Em 2010, Ahmad Zia Agha era o chefe do Conselho Militar talibã (Shura), que dirigia operações militares dos talibã na parte ocidental do Afeganistão. Em 2009, Ahmad Zia Agha atuou como responsável financeiro talibã e fez chegar dinheiro aos comandantes talibã. No âmbito das suas responsabilidades financeiras, Ahmad Zia Agha transferiu dezenas de milhares de dólares aos governadores-sombra talibã das províncias afegãs; o tesoureiro da Shura talibã também confiou a Ahmad Zia Agha centenas de milhares de dólares para financiar engenhos explosivos improvisados (IED). Em 2008, Ahmad Zia Agha participou na distribuição de fundos para os comandantes talibã no Afeganistão e transferiu dinheiro para pessoas associadas aos Talibã fora do país. Facilitou também as comunicações
(118) Fazl Rabi (também conhecido por a) Fazl Rabbi, b) Fazal Rabi, c) Faisal Rabbi).
Motivos de inclusão na lista: Alto funcionário na província de Konar durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: a) 1972, b) 1975. Local de nascimento: a) distrito de Kohe Safi, província de Parwan, Afeganistão, b) província de Kapisa, Afeganistão, c) província de Nangarhar, Afeganistão, d) província de Cabul, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:6.1.2012.
Outras informações: Representa e presta apoio financeiro e logístico à Rede Haqqani, que opera a partir da zona da fronteira Afeganistão/Paquistão. Membro do Conselho Financeiro Talibã. Deslocou-se ao estrangeiro para angariar fundos em nome de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani, de Jalaluddin Haqqani, da Rede Haqqani e dos Talibã. Pensa-se que se encontra na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678547
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Fazl Rabi presta apoio financeiro e logístico à Rede Haqqani, grupo de militantes ligados aos talibã, que opera a partir da zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Rabi deslocou-se ao estrangeiro para angariar dinheiro para a Rede Haqqani e ajudou igualmente a recolher dinheiro para a atividade militar dos talibã. Em fevereiro de 2009, Rabi deslocou-se ao Dubai, Emirados Árabes Unidos, para angariar fundos e dirigir reuniões em nome de Sirajuddin Haqqani, alto dirigente da Rede Haqqani. Rabi deslocou-se igualmente à região do Golfo para angariar fundos para Jalaluddin Haqqani, o patriarca da Rede Haqqani. Rabi também é membro da Shura financeira talibã e distribuiu fundos aos comandantes e funcionários talibã.
Rabi esteve implicado no envio de bombistas suicidas para o Afeganistão e coordenou a relação da Rede Haqqani com outros grupos de militantes. Quando era o principal funcionário talibã na província de Konar durante o regime talibã, Rabi participou no transporte ilegal de estupefacientes para fora do Afeganistão. Após a queda do regime talibã, em finais de 2001, Rabi fugiu para a região da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão.
(119) Mohammad Aman Akhund (também conhecido por a) Mohammed Aman, b) Mullah Mohammed Oman, c) Mullah Mohammad Aman Ustad Noorzai, d) Mullah Mad Aman Ustad Noorzai, e) Sanaullah).
Data de nascimento: 1970. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Bande Tumur, distrito de Maiwand, província de Kandahar, Afeganistão. Data de designação pela ONU:6.1.2012.
Outras informações: Alto responsável talibã desde 2011 encarregado de tarefas financeiras, incluindo a angariação de fundos em nome dos corpos dirigentes. Prestou apoio logístico às operações dos Talibã, tendo canalizado os produtos do tráfico de droga para a aquisição de armas. Atuou como secretário do líder talibã Mulá Mohammed Omar e como seu mensageiro em reuniões dos Talibã a alto nível. Igualmente associado a Gul Agha Ishakzai. Membro do círculo chegado do Mulá Mohammed Omar durante o regime talibã. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4665005
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Mohammad Aman Akhund é um alto responsável talibã que desempenha funções no domínio das finanças e exerceu o cargo de secretário do dirigente talibã Mulá Mohammed Omar. No início de 2010, Aman Akhund e Gul Agha Ishakzai, o chefe da Comissão Financeira talibã, angariou no Golfo mais de 300 000 dólares americanos em nome das chefias militares dos talibã. Aman Akhund esteve presente em reuniões de alto nível dos talibã, onde transmitiu mensagens escritas e orais do Mulá Omar.
Aman Akhund também prestou apoio logístico às operações dos talibã e esteve implicado na recolha de dinheiro proveniente do tráfico de droga, destinado à aquisição de armas para os talibãs. Durante o regime talibã, Aman Akhund foi membro da Shura do Mulá Omar.
(120) Ahmed Jan Wazir Akhtar Mohammad (também conhecido por a) Ahmed Jan Kuchi, b) Ahmed Jan Zadran).
Motivos da inclusão na lista: Funcionário do Ministério das Finanças durante o regime talibã. Data de nascimento: 1963. Local de nascimento: Aldeia de Barlach, distrito de Qareh Bagh, província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Data de designação pela ONU: 6.1.2012.
Outras informações: Comandante de primeiro plano da Rede Haqqani, que opera a partir da zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Atua como adjunto, porta-voz e consultor de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani, alto dirigente da Rede Haqqani. Estabelece o contacto com o Conselho Supremo talibã. Deslocou-se ao estrangeiro. Estabelece o contacto com os comandantes talibã da província de Ghazni, e fornece-lhes dinheiro, armas, equipamento de comunicações e mantimentos. Alegadamente falecido no início de 2013. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4678368
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Ahmed Jan Wazir é comandante de primeiro plano da Rede Haqqani, grupo de militantes ligado aos talibã que opera a partir da zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Ahmed Jan Wazir atua como adjunto, porta-voz e consultor de Sirajuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani, alto dirigente da Rede Haqqani, e dirige reuniões em nome da Rede Haqqani. Em finais de 2010, deslocou-se ao Golfo na companhia de altos responsáveis da Rede Haqqani.
Representou a Rede Haqqani na Shura talibã e serviu de elo de ligação entre a Rede Haqqani e os talibã da província de Ghazni, Afeganistão. Em 2008, Ahmed Jan Wazir foi nomeado comandante talibã na província de Ghazni por militantes dos talibã e da Al-Qaida. Forneceu dinheiro e equipamentos a outros comandantes talibã na província de Ghazni, nomeadamente armas e equipamento de comunicações. Foi funcionário do Ministério das Finanças durante o regime talibã.
(121) Abdul Samad Achekzai (também conhecido por Abdul Samad).
Data de nascimento: 1970. Local de nascimento: Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Data de designação pela ONU:2.3.2012.
Outras informações: Alto responsável talibã encarregado do fabrico de engenhos explosivos improvisados (IED). Implicado no recrutamento e no envio de bombistas suicidas para realizar atentados no Afeganistão. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4652670
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Abdul Samad Achekzai é um alto responsável talibã implicado no fabrico de engenhos explosivos improvisados (IED) e dirige a rede de apoio do grupo no que respeita a IED. Em meados de 2010, Samad era responsável pela aquisição e armazenamento de componentes de IED, pelo fabrico de detonadores, e pela formação em IED de apoio aos combatentes talibãs na parte ocidental e sul do Afeganistão.
Samad esteve também implicado em atentados no Afeganistão por conta dos talibã. Desde o início de 2011, Samad trabalhava com um membro dos talibã para assassinar um comandante da polícia das fronteiras do Afeganistão e recrutou um bombista suicida para a tarefa. Nessa altura, Samad tinha já enviado cinco bombistas suicidas para realizarem atentados no Afeganistão contra a Força Internacional de Assistência à Segurança e as autoridades afegãs. No início de 2010, Samad enviou cinco bombistas suicidas talibã para Kandahar, com o objetivo de cometerem atentados contra as autoridades afegãs.
(122) Bakht Gul (também conhecido por a) Bakhta Gul, b) Bakht Gul Bahar, c) Shuqib).
Data de nascimento: 1980. Local de nascimento: aldeia de Aki, distrito de Zadran, província de Paktiya, Afeganistão. Nacionalidade: afegã. Endereço: Miram Shah, North Waziristan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. (Miram Shah, distrito do Vaziristão do Norte, zonas tribais sob administração federal, Paquistão). Data de designação pela ONU: 27.6.2012.
Outras informações: Assistente de Badruddin Haqqani para a comunicação (falecido). Coordena também as deslocações dos insurretos da Rede Haqqani e dos combatentes estrangeiros e a circulação de armas na zona da fronteira entre o Afeganistão e o Paquistão. Pertence à tribo Zadran. Hiperligação para o aviso especial da INTERPOL e do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/4721045
Informações suplementares provenientes do resumo descritivo dos motivos de inclusão na lista fornecido pelo Comité das Sanções:
Pelo menos desde 2009, ano em que o seu antecessor foi detido no Afeganistão, Bakht Gul é um dos principais responsáveis pelas comunicações da Rede Haqqani. Desde 2011 que Gul prestava contas diretamente a Badruddin Haqqani (falecido), alto dirigente da Rede Haqqani, desempenhando uma função de intermediário para quem desejasse contactá-lo. Entre as suas responsabilidades contam–se a transferência de relatórios entre os comandantes presentes no Afeganistão e altos funcionários da Rede Haqqani, funcionários talibã responsáveis pelo contacto com os média e centros oficiais de comunicação no Afeganistão. Bakht Gul colabora também com funcionários da Rede Haqqani, nomeadamente Badruddin Haqqani, na coordenação do movimento dos insurretos da Rede Haqqani, dos combatentes estrangeiros e dos movimentos de armas na região da fronteira com o Paquistão e no leste de Afeganistão. Desde 2010 que Bakht Gul assegurava a transmissão de ordens de caráter operacional de Badruddin Haqqani aos combatentes no Afeganistão. No fim de 2009, Bakht Gul distribuía dinheiro aos subcomandantes da Rede Haqqani que se deslocavam entre Miram Shah e o Afeganistão.
(123) Abdul Satar Abdul Manan (também conhecido por a) Haji Abdul Sattar Barakzai, b) Haji Abdul Satar, c) Haji Satar Barakzai, d) Abdulasattar).
Título: Haji. Data de nascimento: 1964. Local de nascimento: a) aldeia de Mirmandaw, distrito de Nahr–e Saraj, província de Helmand, Afeganistão, b) aldeia de Mirmadaw, distrito de Gereshk, província de Helmand, Afeganistão, c) Qilla Abdullah, província de Baluchistan, Paquistão. Passaporte n.o
: AM5421691 (Passaporte paquistanês, caduca em 11 de agosto de 2013). N.o de identificação nacional: a) N.o de Identificação Nacional paquistanês 5420250161699, b) N.o de Identificação Nacional afegão 585629. Endereço: a) Kachray Road, Pashtunabad, Quetta, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Paquistão), b) Nasrullah Khan Chowk, Pashtunabad Area, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Paquistão), c) Chaman, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Paquistão), d) Abdul Satar Food Shop, Ayno Mina 0093, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan (Afeganistão). Data de designação pela ONU: 29.6.2012.
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WOMAN SOCIALIST SPEAKER IS KIDNAPPED THE GALEDONIAN-RECORO A Newspaper Covering the Entire Northeast Section of Vermont State Every Working Day. THE WEATHER Partly cloudy tonight and Sunday. Not much change in temperature. Light and shifting winds. LATEST EDITION VOL. VI NUMBER 5 ST. JOHNSBURY, VT., SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1921 PRICE TWO CENTS HOUSANDS' GATHER AT BIG H.J. ARENA SHERBROOKS IN CLOSE GAME BEATS NEWPORT Canadians Nose Out Boiler City Aggregation By 4 to 3 Score Playing an uphill game all the way against the strong Sherbrooke nine and umpire Jack Watson, Newport just came out shy of winning on Friday afternoon at Sherbrooke by the score of 4 to 3. What looked like a ninth stanza batting rally for Newport, was nipped in the bud by Umps Watson, who called out Bruce at third base, with nine down. Bruce was safe by several feet in his slide past his side. The border city lads had been playing all the afternoon. It was with gusto that the nandful of Newport fans saw the locals finch Thornahlen in the seventh frame, and pounded him viciously. Maloney, the big initial sacker, who has at last discovered his batting eye connected for a triple to left field, Bruce fanned, but Ross caused Maloney to tally with his timely double. Connolly Kirwan singled and stole second. Both Kirwan and Ross crossed the rubber, when Bower slashed Thormahlen's drop over first base, for a hard double. Incidentally, the score was tied, and the fans began to look for an extra inning contest. In Sherbrooke's half of the seventh, Connie Kirwan, who had pitched very creditably, was called in from the slab. Bill Horan, the latest acquisition to the Newport twirling corps, was injected into the fray. Bill fanned the first man to face him, while the other two were facile infield outs. Next inning, however, Sherbrooke gathered in another score. SUCCESS MARKS BIG PAGEANT AT BARTON Stupendous Production Reflects Every Important Event Unusual success, reflecting great credit upon the citizens of the town, marked the first presentation, Friday evening of the Barton Historical Pageant. The stupendous production, reflecting every phase, and commemorating every important event, with a cast of more than 100 people, in 10 episodes, and dance interludes, held in awe and admiration throughout the entire initial performance. NO CLUE TO WHEREABOUTS FAMILY OF MRS. CHASE O'HARA TWIN FALLS, Idaho, July 2 No clue to the whereabouts of Mrs. Chase O'Hara, socialist lecturer, has been developed today. Before time for the lecture, which was to have delivered here last night, a score of men appeared at the house where she was staying and removed her to an automobile. Mrs. Chase O'Hara, socialist lecturer, was to have delivered her lecture here last night. O'Hara was pardoned by President Wilson after she had served 14 months of a sentence for delivering a speech which was held a violation of the espionage law. YANKEE DIVISION OCCUPIES BOSTON BOSTON, July 2 Troops of the Yankee Division occupied Boston again today, moving onto the city from many places for their first reunion since they evacuated it after the muster parade two years ago. For three days the veterans will indulge in reminiscences. PLYMOUTH PATRONS TALK MATTERS OVER Dempsey Favorite In Battle For Championship With Carpentier Steam Machines are Barred from Hill Climbing Contest The Hill Climbing contest, on Treasurer Wood Urges More and Better Team Work Sheffield Withers in Auto Accident Both Battlers Give Statements That the Patrons of the Plymouth Cream-the Fourth of July will probably be the most successful performance, the crowd of local spectators. It marked the 125th anniversary of the settlement of Barbe one of the most stirring events of the day. Thirteen cars have been entered at the race which must be run off within 20 minutes will be an almost continuous line of racing cars up Eastern avenue. With the present number of entries there will be a little over a minute between each car as it comes over the course. Arrangements have been made than one hundred, most at St. John'sbury town hall, Friday afternoon to talk over the business of the contest. The meeting was called to order by Charles A. Welch, of Wheelock, one of the directors. He introduced Richard Pattee of Boston, secretary of the New England Milk Producers association, who stated that his associates regretted very much the misunderstanding that came about in the affairs of the association named after its honored founder, Col. William Barton. The pageant, costing thousands of dollars to produce, enlivened with faithful costumes and scenes, depicted with a talented local cast, early Indian scenes, such as General Lafayette, a personal friend of Col. Barton, the crafty smugglers of 1812, the heroes of the Civil War, the husking bee throng of merry-makers. AMERICAN MARINES LANDED AT ISLAND PARIS, July 2 A detachment of American marines from the United States has been climbing the coast to have a large fleet of American marines landed at Island, a town about 50 miles south-east of Constantinople. Asia Minor for the purpose of protecting Americans there upon the retirement of Greek troops, says a dispatch to the foreign office. A small French detachment is stationed at Island and it reports that a number of bodies of Muslims who were massacred by the Turks were found to be buried in the ruins. (Continued on page three) The audience was graphically depicted up to and including the recent World War. No such undertaking of... A magnitudinous, similar to the Barton Miscellany Pageant, has ever been attempted in North-Eastern Vermont. Miss Imogene Phipps Hogle of Boston deserves the lion's share of the credit for writing and producing the pageant. To Miss Madeline Randall of St. Johnsbury goes the honor of directing the dancing. The illuminating specialist of (Continued on page 5) assassinated before the departure of the Greeks have been found. RETURN MANSLAUGHTER VERDICT AGAINST OFFICER BOSTON, July 2 A jury that had deliberated 18 1-2 hours today returned a verdict of manslaughter against Policeman Bernard Steinhauser. Steinhauser was sentenced to six months in the House of Correction. The officer killed Louis, Quat of Medford while he hid him under arrest on a bootlegging charge. He claims he saw his revolver defend himself but did not intend to discharge it. Follow the Green Line for the Best An event in which the winner of the race will race is as follows: 1. Dr. Allen, Haynes 12. 2. Mr. Bailey, Studbaker 6. 3. Delbert Smith, Chevolet. 4. D. I. Granes, Lafayette. 5. G. R. Johnson, Stutz. 6. C. C. H. Goss Co., Packard C. 7. Charles Silsby, Buick 6. 8. Black Adams, Oldsmobile. 9. Decotta, Ford. 10. Harold Winn, Ford. 11. H. E. Remick, Chevolot 8. 12. Boscoe Potts, Mannion. 13. Hi Bugbee, Overland. The special committee for the climbing contest held a meeting. In the evening, yesterday afternoon and took action on the letter of Charles Simanton to the Caledonian-Record regarding the entry of his Stanley steamer car. It was ruled that from the very first, the race was announced for gasoline car and a team car could not be entered upon an equal basis. Each car will receive a number and proceed to A. E. Counsell's where the tanks will be drained and new gasoline put in. The cars will then go to the station where at the signal of a gun the first (Continued on page 4) The disposal of the creamery when it was organized and expended. An Auburri car, owned and driven by Sheriff Wilbur H. Worthington of Caledonia County, and a Futile machine, driven by Or.ossrio Mollea, brother of Tony and Ralph Mollea, well known fruit dealer, of St. Johnsbury, collided at the junction of South Main and Railroad streets shortly before six o'clock Friday evening. Although both automobiles were badly damaged, none of the occupants of either car were seriously injured, receiving more than a shaking up. Sheriff Worthington, with a member of the police department, was en route to Ryegate, where the two officials were called to settle what is reported to have been a general fight between Deputy Sheriff McAllister and members of the family of Martin H. Gibson and Dr. Hess, the owner of the ponies that are to form during the celebration. They Are Fit For Greatest Fight of Life (By the Associated Press) RINGSIDE, Jersey City, July 2 The blows for which tens of thousands of men are about a little 18 foot ring in Jersey City are being used by the police department. On the 12th with preliminary bouts that served as cocktail; Our main cause of the match between Jack Dempsey of America and George Carpentier of France for the heavyweight title of the world. $2500 for its success, one half of the amount for the fourteenth of July. The trouble is suit to have started over an act for damages brought by Mr. Gibson against Dr. Hess for feeding his ponies on pasture land on the Gibson farm for several days. It is claimed that Dr. Hess refused to settle. The Mollica car, it is understood, was making the turn on the harness from South Main and that Sheriff Worthen did not see him until it was too late to avert a crash. The machine came together with considerable force, it is said. The damage to the sheriff's car consisted mainly of a bent fender and running board. The lights on the Massachusetts car, it is said, were broken and other damage effected. Both cars were able to proceed under their own power but were taken immediately to garage for repairs. Mr. Mollie, with his family, were on their way to visit his brothers, when he accidentally happened to be on the car, which it contributed to the enterprise. This was done because it was firmly believed that the cooperative idea under which the creamery was organized is the correct method of procedure and is sure to win out in the end. The low price paid for milk recently is thought to have been the foundation of the Present local trouble, but the Plymouth Creamery has been paying more than many of the other large Boston concerns. Secretary Pattee deplored the criticism of the management of the Creamery and the attacks that have been made on the system. This attack is on your own property and tends to break down the confidence that is necessary to make such enterprise a success. He said he believed the farmers of this vicinity were sensible enough to find out the facts in this controversy before they deserted the enterprise they had themselves established. He urged them, "I currod their investigation to try to find out the facts in the matter and not to substantiate or refute them." The blackboard, he showed by blackboard comparisons why cor- George P. Burbank severed on. There were no sin of betting at the ringside but in the early stages reported the odds still favoring the champion. The elite of the fight crowd began moving towards the arena at the noon hour. A party of 20 included several United States Senators. Early indications were that scores of speculators would be heavy losers before the day was over. Speculators, their hat bands filled with tickets, were offering $50 pasteboards for $55 and the cheaper seats at similar reductions. An elderly man who had stood in the line most of the night dropped from exhaustion just before reaching the gate. 45 and in popped the crowd. Soon the saucer of yellow pine was ticked with humanity. MANHASSET, N. Y., July 2 Georges Carpentier left Port Washington, Long Island, for New York; Jersey City, on the Yacht Lone Star at 10:45 a.m. "I've had a good sleep and feel fine." This was Carpentier's smiling comment on the carne out of his house at 7:45 o'clock this morning. He had arisen at G."0. had set ting up exercises, then ate a ligh breakiast. He lounged about tu. house until 7.45 when he wen out l'or road exercise which lastet JERSEY CITY. N. J., (Rinrr side), July 2 Leaden skies greeted the vanguard of the vast crowd pounng into the arena from ali JERSEY CITY, July 2 "Neve felt better in my life," remarkCi Jack Dempsey as he sat down t a light breakfast at a private homi here where he had spent the night I He slcpt without intoi ruption fron . Carlv l;ist nil'-ht tn thic mm-nìn-i' ilirections toaay :o witness the . Accompanied by Teddy Hayes hi Caipentier-Dempsey bout. A sul- tiainer he started out' for a wal! try day has followed a . huniid but sùch a large crowd followed a night. The suri tj'.ed to pierc. th:: ! his heels that he was forced t screening clouds that gave a con- turn back. rtant threat of rair then gave up '.he attempt. InPin. Ili TITP ld it wa, an nieal day for specta-IKr.A Ali. AlJ.V 6' w-i tors. mani s e urove i eaixoom Western Avenue Open from 11.30 to 9.00 O'clock, Seven Days in the Week Special Dinners. Alternoon Tea. Afternoon and Evening Parties by appointnient. We specialize in Home Cooking. Ices made from plenty of real Jersey Cream. Cool Drinks and Maple Delicacies. i There are good floors for dancing. Spaious Kest Kooms. Cool Piazzas and Lawns. A most delightful place in which to entcrtain your friends. tain creameries at times had been able to pay more than the Ply mouth. Leland T. Wood of Boston, jreasurer of the Plymouth Cream erv Sy?tem, was present and when called on said that he welconiec' a thorough investigation of th. Cominy's affairs and believed that a concern doing a business of a million and a half dollars ought to be well established in the opinion of its stockholders and patrons. He gave figures to show that they had been paying $2.01 a hundred for surplus milk when only one large dealer, Alden, had paid more, $2.24. Hood's price was $1.08; Turner's Falls, $2.14; Whiting, $2.00 for the same period. Sales this year have increased over one hundred percent over a year ago. Lack of capital has circulated the efforts of the company more or less. Treasurer Wood was emphatic in his denials concerning statements that have been circulated reflecting upon the efficiency of the local management and it was his belief that a thorough investigation of the company's affairs would substantiate his beliefs and would reestablish the confidence that is necessary to make for success. Thursday, his connection with the Ely works of the American Folk and Hoe Company where he has been employed for 37 years. For the past 25 years he has been superintendent of the plant. Just before doing time at the factory Thursday afternoon, Mr. Turbitti was called out of his office where he found all of his associates gathered. They surprised him by presenting him with a fine traveling bag and a 32nd degree Masonic gold ring. Reuben Choncy made a graceful presentation to which Mr. Burbank responded most feelingly. Mr. and Mrs. Burbank returned to California in September to make their home with their son and daughter in Los Angeles. (Continued on page 4) Men's and Women's Clothes Dry Cleaned and Sanitary Steam pressed, 48 hour service and work guaranteed. C. E. BROWN 10!) Eastern Avenue. St. Johnsbury St. Johnsbury Locals Walter Cox and Bernard Wilcox have gonc to the Smelai'1 at Beth lehom wheic they will work during the Miinaiei1 vatvition. William Langlo:s, chauircur fot1 the late Gov. Ili nrv C. Ide is driv ing for Cari Hopkins. A diagnostic clinic under i'.h.; direction of the Vermort Tuber culosis a.-ociaticn will he he!d Weilnesday, July l.'l, in the building fornierly owned by the Cowles Press. Mrs. H. W. Randall and ilaugh te rs are visitine in Springfield. Mrs. H. H. Llilridge has return ed from a visit in Boston. There aie three new babies al the Frost sanitarium, the daugh er of Mr. and Mrs. Armatili Grenier. boni July 1, the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Wilkins, born June 27 ami the so;i of Mr, and Mrs. Emi! Dernier, born June 2'!. BIG CUT IN Hats Straw $3.50, $4.00, $4.50, $5.00 STRAWS ' Now Every Straw Hat in our stock to be sold at this lirico. C. E. BROWN 109 Eastern Avenue, St. Johnsbury A little out of your way, but it pays to walk. i i i il Haikmi TODAY mirti mi ni mi km ii.n iJ utv.wr yffrl . -- . - .'fin M fmrmgFnimnn ii'H'ii i myiìmLvjm wirrm: rgiy t&Lit-i. -..Jj, PATHE OFFERS NAT GUOinVIN'S FAMOUS STAGE SUCCESS IN UU 83 SIX RE ELS, WITH 3 James Moi rison, Clairc Anderson and Christine Mayor. A Gitat Play. A Greater Photej.lay. A Sup ili Urania of Youtb's blindnes.-, a siieii's wiles an I the price of folly. Enacted by a stellar cast. The play made famous by beautiful Maxine Elliott. If you haven't reached twenty-one, then it's a sure pleasure, a thrill and a lot! If you have passed twenty-one, come to renew your youth! Kermaid Comedy, "APRIL FOOL" RUTH ROLAND in "THE AVENGING ARROW" Monday and Tuesday SPECIAL HOLIDAY FEATURES - JESSE L. LASKY OF THE FERRY WALLACE - IN A Paramount Picture with Lila Lee, supported by fifty beautiful girls, it speeds! It speaks! It vibrates! For the first and first class entertainment it excels anything. Reid has done yet. When a snappy young automobile salesman (that's Wallace) inherits a fashionable girl's boarding school, and decides to run it himself, you may expect something to happen and it does! NICK CARTER, TWO REEL DETECTIVE PATHE NEWS.
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config.optimization.minimizer('terser').tap((args) => {
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return args
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publicPath: '/vadmin',//建议独立域名部署，删除此行代码。我这里只是为了github pages子目录预览
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#chartWrapper(v-bind:class='{ clickable: !isClicked }')
.shield(v-on:click.prevent='click')
svg#chart(width='960', :height='height')
</template>
<script>
import chart from '../../../d3/chart3'
import { draw as drawMessage, clear as clearMessage } from '../../../d3/message'
const MIN_CANDLES = 4;
export default {
props: ['data', 'height'],
data: function() {
return {
isClicked: false
}
},
watch: {
data: function() { this.render() },
},
created: function() { setTimeout( this.render, 100) },
beforeDestroy: function() {
this.remove();
},
methods: {
click: function() {
this.isClicked = true;
},
render: function() {
this.remove();
if(_.size(this.data.candles) < MIN_CANDLES) {
drawMessage('Not enough data to spawn chart');
} else {
chart(this.data.candles, this.data.trades, this.height);
}
},
remove: function() {
d3.select('#chart').html('');
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
#chartWrapper {
position: relative;
}
#chart {
width: 100%;
height: 700px;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 10px;
}
text {
fill: #000;
}
text.symbol {
fill: #BBBBBB;
}
text.coords {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 20px
}
path {
fill: none;
stroke-width: 1;
}
path.candle {
stroke: #000000;
}
path.candle.body {
stroke-width: 0;
}
path.candle.up {
fill: rgba(0, 170, 0, 0.5);
stroke: rgba(0, 170, 0, 0.5);;
}
path.candle.down {
fill: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
stroke: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
}
.close.annotation.up path {
fill: #00AA00;
}
path.volume {
fill: #DDDDDD;
}
.indicator-plot path.line {
fill: none;
stroke-width: 1;
}
.ma-0 path.line {
stroke: #53870a;
}
.ma-1 path.line {
stroke: #a50c0c;
}
.ma-2 path.line {
stroke: #000000;
}
button {
position: absolute;
right: 110px;
top: 25px;
}
path.macd {
stroke: #0000AA;
}
path.signal {
stroke: #FF9999;
}
path.zero {
stroke: #BBBBBB;
stroke-dasharray: 0;
stroke-opacity: 0.5;
}
path.difference {
fill: #BBBBBB;
opacity: 0.5;
}
path.rsi {
stroke: #000000;
}
path.overbought, path.oversold {
stroke: #FF9999;
stroke-dasharray: 5, 5;
}
path.middle, path.zero {
stroke: #BBBBBB;
stroke-dasharray: 5, 5;
}
.analysis path, .analysis circle {
stroke: blue;
stroke-width: 0.8;
}
.trendline circle {
stroke-width: 0;
display: none;
}
.mouseover .trendline path {
stroke-width: 1.2;
}
.mouseover .trendline circle {
stroke-width: 1;
display: inline;
}
.dragging .trendline path, .dragging .trendline circle {
stroke: darkblue;
}
.interaction path, .interaction circle {
pointer-events: all;
}
.interaction .body {
cursor: move;
}
.trendlines .interaction .start, .trendlines .interaction .end {
cursor: nwse-resize;
}
.supstance path {
stroke-dasharray: 2, 2;
}
.supstances .interaction path {
pointer-events: all;
cursor: ns-resize;
}
.mouseover .supstance path {
stroke-width: 1.5;
}
.dragging .supstance path {
stroke: darkblue;
}
.crosshair {
cursor: crosshair;
}
.crosshair path.wire {
stroke: #DDDDDD;
stroke-dasharray: 1, 1;
}
.crosshair .axisannotation path {
fill: #DDDDDD;
}
.tradearrow path.tradearrow {
stroke: none;
}
.tradearrow path.buy {
fill: rgb(32, 194, 0);
}
.tradearrow path.sell {
fill: rgb(210, 0, 0);
}
.tradearrow path.highlight {
fill: none;
stroke-width: 2;
}
.tradearrow path.highlight.buy {
stroke: rgb(58, 152, 0);
}
.tradearrow path.highlight.sell {
stroke: rgb(155, 0, 0);
}
</style>
| 0.186733
| 0.692793
| 3,493
| 13,899
| 65
| -1
|
Graphical Charting
| false
|
99,782
|
4585284_1
|
courtlistener
|
Public Domain
|
People v Simon (2020 NY Slip Op 06406)
People v Simon
2020 NY Slip Op 06406
Decided on November 10, 2020
Appellate Division, First Department
Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431.
This opinion is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the Official Reports.
Decided and Entered: November 10, 2020
Before: Manzanet-Daniels, J.P., Kapnick, Mazzarelli, Moulton, JJ.
Ind No. 2375/14 788/17 Appeal No. 12305- 12305A Case No. 2019-3570
[*1]The People of The State of New York, Respondent,
vJeffrey Simon, Defendant-Appellant.
Janet E. Sabel, The Legal Aid Society, New York (Whitney Elliott), for appellant.
Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Nicole Neckles of counsel), for respondent
Judgments, Supreme Court, Bronx County (William Mogulescu, J.), rendered May 25, 2018, convicting defendant, upon his pleas of guilty, of attempted murder in the second degree and assault in the first degree, adjudicating him a youthful offender as to the attempted murder conviction only, and sentencing him to an aggregate term of 6½ years, unanimously affirmed.
As to the assault conviction, we perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.
As to the youthful offender adjudication, application by defendant's counsel to withdraw as counsel is granted (see Anders v California , 386 US 738 [1967]; People v Saunders , 52 AD2d 833 [1st Dept 1976]). We have reviewed this record and agree with defendant's assigned counsel that there are no nonfrivolous points that could be raised on this appeal.
Pursuant to Criminal Procedure Law 460.20, defendant may apply for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals by making application to the Chief Judge of that Court and by submitting such application to the Clerk of that Court or to a Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of this Department on reasonable notice to the respondent within 30 days after service of a copy of this order.
Denial of the application for permission to appeal by the judge or justice first applied to is final and no new application may thereafter be made to any other judge or justice.
THIS CONSTITUTES THE DECISION AND ORDER
OF THE SUPREME COURT, APPELLATE DIVISION, FIRST DEPARTMENT.
ENTERED: November 10, 2020.
| 0.352765
| -0.945654
| 107
| 470
| 36
| 36
|
Court Cases
| false
|
99,783
|
github_open_source_100_2_8270
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
/*
* Copyright © 2017 VMware, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, without
* warranties or conditions of any kind, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
#include "includes.h"
/*
* We provide this function as callback to c-rest-engine,
* c-rest-engine will use this callback upon receiving a request
*/
DWORD
VmDnsRESTRequestHandler(
PVMREST_HANDLE pRESTHandle,
PREST_REQUEST pRequest,
PREST_RESPONSE* ppResponse,
uint32_t paramsCount
)
{
DWORD dwError = 0;
DWORD dwRestOpErr = 0; // don't bail on this
PVDNS_REST_OPERATION pRestOp = NULL;
if (!pRESTHandle || !pRequest || !ppResponse)
{
dwError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
}
if (VmDnsdState() == VMDNS_SHUTDOWN)
{
goto cleanup;
}
dwRestOpErr = VmDnsRESTOperationCreate(&pRestOp);
if (dwRestOpErr)
{
dwError = VmDnsRESTWriteSimpleErrorResponse(
pRESTHandle, ppResponse, 500); // 500 = Internal Server Error
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
}
else
{
dwRestOpErr = VmDnsRESTProcessRequest(
pRestOp, pRESTHandle, pRequest);
dwError = VmDnsRESTOperationWriteResponse(
pRestOp, pRESTHandle, ppResponse);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
}
cleanup:
VmDnsFreeRESTOperation(pRestOp);
return dwError;
error:
VmDnsLog(
VMDNS_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
"%s failed, error (%d), rest operation error (%d)",
__FUNCTION__,
dwError,
dwRestOpErr);
goto cleanup;
}
DWORD
VmDnsRESTProcessRequest(
PVDNS_REST_OPERATION pRestOp,
PVMREST_HANDLE pRESTHandle,
PREST_REQUEST pRequest
)
{
DWORD dwError = 0;
PREST_API_METHOD pMethod = NULL;
if (!pRestOp || !pRESTHandle || !pRequest)
{
dwError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
}
dwError = VmDnsRESTOperationReadRequest(pRestOp, pRESTHandle, pRequest);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
dwError = coapi_find_handler(
gpVdnsRestApiDef,
pRestOp->pszPath,
pRestOp->pszMethod,
&pMethod);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
dwError = pMethod->pFnImpl((void*)pRestOp, NULL);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
cleanup:
VMDNS_SET_REST_RESULT(pRestOp, dwError, NULL);
return dwError;
error:
VmDnsLog(
VMDNS_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
"%s failed, error (%d)",
__FUNCTION__,
dwError);
goto cleanup;
}
DWORD
VmDnsRESTWriteSimpleErrorResponse(
PVMREST_HANDLE pRESTHandle,
PREST_RESPONSE* ppResponse,
int httpStatus
)
{
DWORD dwError = 0;
PVDNS_HTTP_ERROR pHttpError = NULL;
if (!pRESTHandle || !ppResponse)
{
dwError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
}
dwError = VmRESTSetHttpStatusVersion(ppResponse, "HTTP/1.1");
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
pHttpError = VmDnsRESTGetHttpError(httpStatus);
dwError = VmRESTSetHttpStatusCode(ppResponse, pHttpError->pszHttpStatus);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
dwError = VmRESTSetHttpReasonPhrase(ppResponse, pHttpError->pszHttpReason);
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
dwError = VmRESTSetHttpHeader(ppResponse, "Connection", "close");
BAIL_ON_VMDNS_ERROR(dwError);
cleanup:
return dwError;
error:
VmDnsLog(
VMDNS_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
"%s failed, error (%d)",
__FUNCTION__,
dwError);
goto cleanup;
}
| 0.448126
| 0.686189
| 3,438
| 13,788
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,784
|
466557_1
|
Wikipedia
|
CC-By-SA
|
旧土人給与地（きゅうどじんきゅうよち）とは、1899年（明治32年）公布された北海道旧土人保護法第一条「北海道旧土人ニシテ農業ニ従事セムト欲スル者ニハ一戸ニ付土地一万五千坪以内ヲ限リ無償下付スルコトヲ得」の規定にもとづきアイヌ民族に給与された土地のことをいう。
こうして行われた土地の給与は従来漁猟を営んできたアイヌ民族を農耕民化させることによって和人（日本民族）への同化を推し進めようとするものであった。そのため財産権は制限され、賃貸権は有していたものの、質権、抵当権、永小作権などの設定も、相続以外での譲渡も行うことができず、資産として運用するのではなくあくまでも農民として土地を利用することが想定されていた。
しかし、こうした政策目的にもかかわらず、分配された土地は植民者、和人が優先されたため、農耕には適さない不毛の土地ばかりであり、結果として農民として定着したものは少なく、後には多くのアイヌ民族が貧窮して土地を手放すのやむなくに至った。
また土地を保持した人々も、経済的困窮から99年の永代小作契約を和人の富農との間に強制されるなどしたため、実質的には奪われたも同然であった。
さらに戦後GHQによって行われた農地改革においては、これらの小作契約を結んだ土地は規模が農地改革の対象になるほど広くなく、また小作人である和人富農のほうが富裕かつ優位であったにもかかわらず、他と同様に分配の対象とされ、強制的な買収が行われた。
関連事項
北海道旧土人保護法
ドーズ法
アイヌ民族共有財産裁判
旧土人共有地
旧土人共有財産
第一次近文アイヌ給与地問題
第二次近文アイヌ給与地問題
第三次近文アイヌ給与地問題
天川恵三郎
荒井源次郎
外部リンク
関係年表
アイヌの歴史
日本の人種・民族問題.
| 0.366863
| -0.661834
| 683
| 2,775
| 238
| -1
|
Government Documents
| false
|
99,785
|
github_open_source_100_2_8271
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
/*
Copyright 2020, Staffbase GmbH and contributors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/signal"
"strings"
"syscall"
"time"
"github.com/Staffbase/syseleven-exporter/pkg/exporter"
"github.com/Staffbase/syseleven-exporter/pkg/version"
"github.com/go-chi/chi"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var (
interval int64
listenAddress string
logLevel string
logOutput string
metricsPath string
)
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "SysEleven Exporter",
Short: "SysEleven Exporter - export Prometheus metrics for SysEleven.",
Long: "SysEleven Exporter - export Prometheus metrics for SysEleven.",
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
if logOutput == "json" {
log.SetFormatter(&log.JSONFormatter{})
} else {
log.SetFormatter(&log.TextFormatter{})
}
log.SetReportCaller(true)
lvl, err := log.ParseLevel(logLevel)
if err != nil {
log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not set log level")
}
log.SetLevel(lvl)
log.Infof(version.Info())
log.Infof(version.BuildContext())
if os.Getenv("OS_USERNAME") == "" {
log.Fatalf("OS_USERNAME is missing")
}
if os.Getenv("OS_PASSWORD") == "" {
log.Fatalf("OS_PASSWORD is missing")
}
if os.Getenv("OS_PROJECT_ID") == "" {
log.Fatalf("OS_PROJECT_ID is missing")
}
for _, projectID := range strings.Split(os.Getenv("OS_PROJECT_ID"), ",") {
go func(id string) {
exp, err := exporter.New(id, os.Getenv("OS_USERNAME"), os.Getenv("OS_PASSWORD"))
if err != nil {
log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not create exporter")
}
exporter.Run(interval, exp)
}(projectID)
}
router := chi.NewRouter()
router.Get("/health", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "OK")
})
router.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Write([]byte(`<html>
<head><title>SysEleven Exporter</title></head>
<body>
<h1>SysEleven Exporter</h1>
<p><a href='/metrics'>Metrics</a></p>
<p>
<ul>
<li>version: ` + version.Version + `</li>
<li>branch: ` + version.Branch + `</li>
<li>revision: ` + version.Revision + `</li>
<li>go version: ` + version.GoVersion + `</li>
<li>build user: ` + version.BuildUser + `</li>
<li>build date: ` + version.BuildDate + `</li>
</ul>
</p>
</body>
</html>`))
})
router.Mount(metricsPath, promhttp.Handler())
server := &http.Server{
Addr: listenAddress,
Handler: router,
}
// Listen for SIGINT and SIGTERM signals and try to gracefully shutdown
// the HTTP server. This ensures that enabled connections are not
// interrupted.
go func() {
term := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
<-term
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()
err := server.Shutdown(ctx)
if err != nil {
log.WithError(err).Fatalf("Failed to shutdown SysEleven Exporter gracefully")
}
log.Infof("Shutdown SysEleven Exporter...")
os.Exit(0)
}()
log.Infof("Server listen on: %s", listenAddress)
if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.WithError(err).Fatal("HTTP server died unexpected")
}
},
}
var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "version",
Short: "Print version information for SysEleven Exporter.",
Long: "Print version information for SysEleven Exporter.",
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
v, err := version.Print("SysEleven Exporter")
if err != nil {
log.WithError(err).Fatal("Failed to print version information")
}
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, v)
return
},
}
func init() {
rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Int64Var(&interval, "interval", 3600, "Set interval for fetching the resource quota and usage.")
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&logLevel, "log.level", "info", "Set the log level. Must be one of the follwing values: trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal or panic.")
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&logOutput, "log.output", "plain", "Set the output format of the log line. Must be plain or json.")
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&listenAddress, "web.listen-address", ":8080", "Address to listen on for web interface and telemetry.")
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&metricsPath, "web.telemetry-path", "/metrics", "Path under which to expose metrics.")
}
func main() {
if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
log.WithError(err).Fatal("Failed to initialize SysEleven Exporter")
}
}
| 0.424768
| 0.726524
| 3,565
| 14,171
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,786
|
github_open_source_100_2_8272
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
package wint.mvc.url.rewrite;
import wint.core.service.Service;
import java.util.List;
/**
* User: huangsongli
* Date: 15/3/24
* Time: 下午4:38
*/
public interface UrlRewriteService extends Service {
List<UrlRewriteHandle> getHandles();
List<UrlRewriteParser> getParsers();
void setRewritePatterns(List<String> rewriteMappingList);
}
| 0.455923
| 0.792689
| 3,694
| 14,685
| 293
| 293
|
AWS EC2 & Route53
| false
|
99,787
|
github_open_source_100_2_8273
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
/**
* @license
* Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
const CliColor = require('./logger').colors;
/**
* @param {string} className
* @return {function(methodName: string): string}
*/
module.exports = function(className) {
/**
* @param {string} methodName
* @param {*=} infoData
* @return {string}
*/
function getStackTrace(methodName, infoData = undefined) {
const infoStr = typeof infoData === 'object' ? '\n' + JSON.stringify(infoData, null, 2) : '';
const fullStack = new Error(`${className}.${methodName}()`).stack;
// Remove THIS function from the stack trace because it's not useful
return fullStack.split('\n').filter((line, index) => index !== 1).join('\n') + infoStr;
}
return getStackTrace;
};
module.exports.formatError = formatError;
/**
* @param {!Error|!VError|*} err
* @return {string}
*/
function formatError(err) {
return formatErrorInternal(err)
.replace(/^([^\n]+)/, (fullMatch, line) => CliColor.bold.red(line))
;
}
/**
* @param {!Error|!VError|*} err
* @return {string}
*/
function formatErrorInternal(err) {
const parentStr = stringifyError(err);
if (err.jse_cause) {
const childStr = formatError(err.jse_cause);
return `${childStr}\n\n${CliColor.italic('↳ called from:')}\n\n${parentStr}`;
}
return parentStr;
}
/**
* @param {!Error|!VError|*} err
* @return {string}
*/
function stringifyError(err) {
if (err.toString !== Error.prototype.toString) {
return sanitizeErrorString(err.toString());
}
const lines = [err.code, err.message, err.stack].filter((str) => Boolean(str));
return sanitizeErrorString(lines.join('\n'));
}
/**
* @param {string} errorStr
* @return {string}
*/
function sanitizeErrorString(errorStr) {
const lines = errorStr.replace(/^((VError|Error|):\s*)+/i, '').split('\n');
if (lines[1] && lines[1].includes(lines[0].replace(/\(\):?$/, ''))) {
lines.splice(0, 1);
}
return lines
.map((line) => {
let formatted = line;
formatted = formatClassMethod(formatted);
formatted = formatNamedFunction(formatted);
formatted = formatAnonymousFunction(formatted);
return formatted;
})
.join('\n')
.replace(/^ +at +/, '')
;
}
/**
* @param {string} errorLine
* @return {string}
*/
function formatClassMethod(errorLine) {
return errorLine
.replace(/^( +)(at) (\w+)\.(\w+)(.+)$/, (fullMatch, leadingSpaces, atPrefix, className, methodName, rest) => {
if (className === 'process' && methodName === '_tickCallback') {
return CliColor.dim(fullMatch);
}
rest = formatFileNameAndLineNumber(rest);
return `${leadingSpaces}${atPrefix} ${CliColor.underline(className)}.${CliColor.bold(methodName)}${rest}`;
})
;
}
/**
* @param {string} errorLine
* @return {string}
*/
function formatNamedFunction(errorLine) {
return errorLine
.replace(/^( +)(at) (\w+)([^.].+)$/, (fullMatch, leadingSpaces, atPrefix, functionName, rest) => {
rest = formatFileNameAndLineNumber(rest);
return `${leadingSpaces}${atPrefix} ${CliColor.bold(functionName)}${rest}`;
})
;
}
/**
* @param {string} errorLine
* @return {string}
*/
function formatAnonymousFunction(errorLine) {
return errorLine.replace(/^ +at <anonymous>.*$/, (fullMatch) => {
return CliColor.dim(fullMatch);
});
}
/**
* @param {string} errorLine
* @return {string}
*/
function formatFileNameAndLineNumber(errorLine) {
return errorLine.replace(/\/([^/]+\.\w+):(\d+):(\d+)(\).*)$/, (fullMatch, fileName, lineNumber, colNumber, rest) => {
return `/${CliColor.underline(fileName)}:${CliColor.bold(lineNumber)}:${colNumber}${rest}`;
});
}
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AWS EC2 & Route53
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99,788
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US-201716342311-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Public Domain
|
In a preferred process according to the invention printing, drying and curing of the printed ink are carried out by in-line process.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a substrate printed by an ink-jet printing process as described in the second aspect of the invention using an ink as described in the first aspect of the invention. This substrate is as described and preferred in the second aspect of the invention.
Thus, preferably the third aspect of the invention provides a textile printed by an ink-jet printing process as described in the second aspect of the invention or using an ink as described in the first aspect of the invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided an ink-jet printer ink container (e.g. a cartridge or a larger ink tank) containing an ink as described in the first aspect of the present invention.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides an ink-jet printer with an ink re-circulating printer head, as described in the second aspect of the invention, containing an ink-jet printer ink container as described in the fourth aspect of the invention.
A sixth aspect of the invention provides an ink-set comprising two or more different coloured inks where at least one of the inks is as described and preferred in the first aspect of the invention. The ink-set of the sixth aspect of the invention may contain inks other than those defined and described in the first aspect of the invention.
In a first preferred embodiment the sixth aspect of the invention comprises an ink-set comprising a black ink, a cyan ink, a yellow ink and a magenta ink wherein at least on of the inks is as described and preferred in the first aspect of the invention. Preferably all of the inks in the first preferred embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention are as described and preferred in the first aspect of the invention. Preferably the pigment in the black ink is carbon black; in the cyan ink is Pigment Blue 15:3; in the yellow ink is Pigment Yellow 74 and/or Pigment Yellow 155; and in the magenta ink is Pigment Red 122.
A second preferred embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention provides an ink-set comprising a black ink, a cyan ink, a yellow ink, a magenta ink, a blue ink and a red ink and optionally, a light black or grey ink, an orange ink, a light cyan ink, a light magenta ink or a white ink wherein at least one of the inks is as described in the first aspect of the present invention. In this ink-set the pigment in the blue ink is preferably Pigment Blue 60; the pigment in the red ink is Pigment Red 254 and the pigment in the white ink is titanium dioxide and the black, cyan, yellow and magenta ink are as in the first preferred embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention. In the second preferred embodiment preferably all the inks, apart from the white ink, are as described and preferred in the first aspect of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following Examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
EXAMPLES Ink and Comparative Ink Examples
The self-dispersible pigment used were Pro-Jet® APD 4000 Black (K) (Carbon Black) and Pro-Jet® APD 4000 Magenta (M) (Pigment Red 122). The Pro-Jet® APD 4000 pigment dispersions are available from FUJIFILM Imaging Colorants Limited.
Surfynol® 440 is an acetylenic surfactant from Air Products.
Rovene® 4170 is a styrene butadiene dispersion from Mallard Creek Polymers. The Tg of Rovene 4170 is 4° C. and the acid number is 50mgKOH/g.
1,2-Benzisothazolin-3-one was obtained as Proxel GXL (20% solution) from Lonza.
Polyurethane latex binder 1 (PU Binder 1) is Bayhydrol® UH2606 from Covestro.
Polyurethane latex binder 2 (PU Binder 2) is Dispecoll® U42 from Covestro.
PEG 20 is polyethylene glycol 20,000.
EG is ethylene glycol.
TEG is triethylene glycol.
PG is propylene glycol.
2-P is 2-pyrrolidone.
Example Inks 1 to 3 and Comparative Example Inks C1 to C3 were prepared as shown below in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Ink 1 Ink 2 Ink 3 Ink C1 Ink C2 Ink C3 ProJet ADP 4000 K 4 4 4 4 4 ProJet ADP 4000 M 4 PEG 20 5.2 3 1 EG 1.25 TEG 18 15 10 15 PG 15 2-P 5 5 5 5 5 5 Glycerol 30 27 28 3.75 10 18.5 Surfynol 440 0.52 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 Proxel GXL 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Rovene 4170 8 PU Binder 1 8 8 8 8 8 Water to 100 parts
Properties of the Example Inks and Comparative Example Inks
The properties of Example Inks 1 to 3 and Comparative Example Inks C1 to C3 are shown below in Table 3
TABLE 3 Ink 1 Ink 2 Ink 3 C Ink 1 C Ink 2 C Ink 3 Viscosity at 12.24 12.3 12.96 12.84 12.46 11.94 32° C. (cP) Surface Tension at 36.24 35.6 35.75 36.17 36.03 35.31 25° C. (mN/m) pH 8.53 8.36 8.36 8.46 8.33 8.31
Surface tension was measured at 25° C. using a Kruss K-11 Tensiometer (Wilhelmy Plate Method).
Viscosity was measured at 32° C. using a Brookfield DV-II or DV-II+ digital viscometer with UL-adapter and water jacket and spindle SOO at 3 rpm.
Ink Performance
Example Inks 1 to 3 and Comparative Inks 1 to 3 were printed through a SG1024 SA single-pass recirculating print-head mounted on a JetXpert imaging rig. Small, medium and large drops were printed at 8 kHz and 19 kHz frequency.
Example inks 1 to 3 all fired reliably through all the nozzles and caused only minimal face-plate wetting.
However, the Comparative Inks all failed to fire reliably and they all caused significant face-plate wetting.
Thus although all the inks display similar properties, as shown in Table 3, only those inks according to the present invention display acceptable performance and would be suitable for use in an industrial single-pass ink-jet printer.
Example Ink Set
Table 4 shows an ink-set according to the present invention able to give a full scope of color when printed on a range of Textile substrates. In addition to the components used above, ProJet ADP 1000 Black (Carbon Black), ProJet ADP 1000 Cyan (Pigment Blue 15:3), ProJet ADP 1000 Yellow LF (Pigment Yellow 155), ProJet ADP 1000 Red (Pigment Red 254) and ProJet ADP 1000 Blue (Pigment Blue 60) were also used. Pro-Jet® APD 1000 pigment dispersions are available from FUJIFILM Imaging Colorants Limited.
TABLE 4 Ink-Set Example Cyan Ink Magenta Ink Yellow Ink Black Ink Red Ink Blue Ink ProJet ADP 1000 Cyan 4 ProJet ADP 4000 Magenta 4 ProJet ADP 1000 Yellow LF 4 ProJet ADP 1000 Black 4 ProJet ADP 1000 Red 4 ProJet ADP 1000 Blue 4 TEG 15 18 15 15 15 15 2-P 5 5 5 5 5 5 Glycerol 30 30 29 27 30 31 Surfynol 440 0.4 0.52 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.5 Proxel GXL 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Rovene 4170 8 8 8 8 8 PU Binder 2 8 Water to 100 parts Ink Properties Viscosity at 25° C. cp 15.1 15.7 14.26 15.8 14.18 12.66 Viscosity at 32° C. cp 11.82 12.2 11.04 12.4 11.02 10.01 Surface Tension at 25° C. mN/m 37.52 36.2 38.28 35.9 36.24 35.05 pH 8.66 8.5 8.61 8.4 8.53 8.45
1. An aqueous ink comprising: (a) from 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of a self-dispersible pigment which comprises a carboxy-functional dispersant crosslinked around a pigment core by a crosslinking agent having at least two groups selected from oxetane, carbodiimide, hydrazide, oxazoline, aziridine, isocyanate, N-methylol, keteneimine, isocyanurate and epoxy groups; (b) from 10 to 25 parts of a first solvent selected from one or more of the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and triethylene glycol; (c) from 2 to 10 parts of a second solvent selected from one or more of the group consisting of 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylacetamide; (d) from 20 to 45 parts of glycerol; (e) from 4 to 12 parts of a styrene butadiene latex binder and/or a polyurethane latex binder; (f) from 0.1 to 2 parts of an acetylenic surfactant; (g) from 0 to 2 parts of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; and (h) the balance to 100 parts water.
2. The ink of as claimed in claim 1 wherein the self-dispersible pigment comprises one or more of Carbon Black; Pigment Blue 15:3; Pigment Yellow 74, Pigment Yellow 155, Pigment Blue 60, Pigment Red 122 and Pigment Red
254. 3. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein the carboxy-functional dispersant is a copolymer comprising benzyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid.
4. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first solvent, component (b), comprises from 10 to 20 parts of triethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol.
5. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first solvent, component (b), comprises from 10 to 20 parts by weight of triethylene glycol.
6. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein, component (d), glycerol, is present in the range of from 24 to 34 parts by weight.
7. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein component (e) comprises a styrene butadiene latex binder.
8. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein component (e) comprises a polyurethane latex binder.
9. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein component (e) is present in the range of from 6 to 10 parts by weight.
10. The ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein component (f) is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol.
11. The ink as claimed claim 1 comprising: (a)i from 2 to 6 parts by weight of a self-dispersible pigment which comprises a carboxy-functional dispersant crosslinked around a pigment core by a crosslinking agent having at least two groups selected from oxetane, carbodiimide, hydrazide, oxazoline, aziridine, isocyanate, N-methylol, keteneimine, isocyanurate and epoxy groups; (b)i from 12 to 20 parts by weight of triethylene glycol; (c)i from 3 to 7 parts by weight of 2-pyrrolidone; (d)i from 24 to 34 parts by weight of glycerol; (e)i from 6 to 10 parts by weight of a styrene butadiene latex binder; (f)i from 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of 2,4,7,9 tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol; (g)i from 0.005 to 0.1 parts by weight of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; and (h)i the balance to 100 parts by weight of water.
12. The ink as claimed claim 1 comprising: (a)ii from 2 to 6 parts by weight of a self-dispersible pigment which comprises a carboxy-functional dispersant crosslinked around a pigment core by a crosslinking agent having at least two groups selected from oxetane, carbodiimide, hydrazide, oxazoline, aziridine, isocyanate, N-methylol, keteneimine, isocyanurate and epoxy groups; (b)ii from 12 to 20 parts by weight of triethylene glycol; (c)ii from 3 to 7 parts by weight of 2-pyrrolidone; (d)ii from 24 to 34 parts by weight of glycerol; (e)ii from 6 to 10 parts by weight of a polyurethane latex binder; (f)ii from 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of 2,4,7,9 tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol; (g)ii from 0.005 to 0.1 parts by weight of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; and (h)ii the balance to 100 parts by weight of water.
13. An ink-jet printing process wherein the ink of claim 1 is printed onto a textile substrate using an ink jet printer with single-pass print-head followed by curing of the printed textile substrate.
14. A textile printed by the ink-jet printing process according to claim
13. 15. An ink-jet printer ink container containing the ink of claim
1. 16. An ink-set comprising two or more different coloured inks where at least one of the inks is the ink of claim
1..
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Ink Jet Technology
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99,789
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US-74420391-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Public Domain
|
Directory look-aside table for a virtual storage system including means for minimizing synonym entries
ABSTRACT
An improved DLAT structure distinguishes between address spaces and data spaces. The DLAT structure classifies data spaces by one or more space identifications which control assignment of virtual page addresses to DLAT rows. In one embodiment, a "private space bit" is used to select different DLAT addressing algorithms. In another embodiment, data spaces are sub-classified using space identification bits, and for each sub-class, a unique algorithm is selected based on the page address bits. An Exclusive OR function is used to generate the DLAT selection bits. This approach minimizes private space synonyms while maximizing common space synonyms. The result is improved performance since the former minimizes thrashing and the latter maximizes the value of the DLAT common bit.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to virtual storage mechanisms for data processing systems and, more particularly, to an improved directory look-aside table (DLAT) structure which is capable of improved handling of the periodicity of virtual page addresses when processing among multiple data spaces. The invention is specifically directed to the minimization of synonym entries in the DLAT for a system having DLAT entries that can concurrently translate virtual addresses in multiple data spaces into real main storage addresses.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Virtual storage organization and management for data processing systems are described, for example, by Harvey M. Deitel in An Introduction to Operating Systems, Addison-Wesley (1984), by Harold Lorin and Harvey M. Deitel in Operating Systems, Addison-Wesley (1981), and by Harold S. Stone in High-Performance Computer Architecture, Addison-Wesley (1987). In a virtual storage system, paging is a relocation and address-to-physical-location binding mechanism providing the user of the system with what appear to be considerably larger memory spaces than are really available. The key feature of the virtual storage concept is disassociating the addresses referenced in a running process from the addresses available in main storage. The addresses referenced by the running process are called virtual addresses, while the addresses available in main storage are called real addresses. The virtual addresses must be mapped into real addresses as the process executes, and that is the function of the dynamic address translation (DAT) mechanism. One such mechanism employs a directory look-aside table (DLAT), sometimes referred to as a translation look-aside buffer (TLB), which stores recent virtual address translations. For virtual addresses stored in the DLAT, the translation process requires only a single or, at most, a couple of machine cycles. For addresses not stored in the DLAT, the DAT process may take from fifteen to sixty cycles.
Translations from the virtual address to the real address must be made to find where the addressed instruction or data is in main storage. This is typically done on a page basis. In fact, the translations stored in the DLAT are actually only page translations, and the last bits of an address are the location in that page, so only the page address must be translated.
In conventional virtual storage systems, a condition called thrashing can occur wherein the system can do little useful work because of excessive paging. The condition was recognized and discussed, for example, by P. J. Denning in "Thrashing: its Causes and Prevention", AFIPS Conf. Proc., vol. 33, 1968 FJCC, pp. 915-922. Denning maintained that for a program to run efficiently, its working set of pages must be maintained in primary storage; otherwise, thrashing would occur as the program repeatedly requests pages from secondary storage. The condition is mentioned in Deitel, supra, in section 9.5, "Working Sets" in his chapter on Virtual Storage Management.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,136,385 to Gannon et al. addresses the problem with a synonym control for multiple virtual storage systems. The Gannon et al. DLAT synonym control controls the setting of an indicator in each DLAT entry for indicating whether the DLAT entry is to be shared by all user address spaces or is to be restricted to a single address space identified in the DLAT. This is accomplished by means of a common space bit in any segment table entry (STE) or, alternatively, in any page table entry (PTE) in any private address space to indicate whether the segment or page contains programs and data private to the address space or shared by all address spaces. Thus, each DLAT entry contains a common/private storage indicator which is set to the state of the common space bit in the STE or PTE used in an address translation loaded into the DLAT entry. When the entry is read, the private/common storage indicator controls whether the DLAT can only be used by the address space identified in the DLAT or by all address spaces.
Conventional two-way DLAT designs inadequately handle the periodicity of virtual page addresses when processing among multiple data spaces. A typical two-way DLAT design maps identical virtual addresses in all data spaces to the same DLAT row. For example, in the following pseudocode
DO i=1 to 1,000
A(i)+B(i)=C(i),
if A, B and C have the same origin (e.g., zero) in each of three data spaces, the code will deliver poor performance due to DLAT thrashing caused by data space synonyms. While the Gannon et al. synonym control eliminates a class of synonym entries by means of a common space bit, it does not address the class of synonym problems in a two-way DLAT produced by three data spaces having the same origin.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improved DLAT logic which distinguishes between address spaces and data spaces to effectively handle the periodicity of virtual page addresses when processing among multiple data spaces. Data spaces are spaces reserved for private data for a predetermined number (e.g., one) of address spaces, as opposed to address spaces which have access to common programs, data or the like. Data spaces are also known as "private spaces". Address spaces, on the other hand, are represented in the system by a segment table, which is defined to the processor by a segment table origin (STO) (discussed in further detail below). Each STO is a real address for locating the beginning of a segment table.
It is another, more specific object of the invention to provide an improved DLAT logic which classifies data spaces by one or more space identifications which control assignment of virtual page addresses to DLAT rows.
According to the invention, there is provided an improved DLAT logic which uses a "private space bit", corresponding to the common space bit of the Gannon et al. synonym control, to select different DLAT addressing algorithms. Data spaces are further sub-classified using space identification bits, and for each sub-class, a unique algorithm is selected based on the page address bits. Thus, the invention provides a mechanism for classification of the data spaces (e.g., the privates spaces not commonly accessible to all address spaces). As an example, the mechanism for classifying the data spaces may be space identification bits. For each subclass, a unique algorithm (discussed in further detail below) is selected based on the page address bits of the virtual address. An Exclusive OR function is used to generate the DLAT selection bits.
This approach minimizes private space synonyms while maximizing common space synonyms. The result is improved performance since the former minimizes thrashing and the latter maximizes the value of the DLAT common bit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the format of a virtual address;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional dynamic address translation structure;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the format of the Segment Table Designation (STD) showing the private-space bit;
FIG. 4 is a fragment of FIG. 3 showing the Segment Table Origin (STO) bits used as SPACE-ID bits;
FIG. 5 is a table showing the Exclusive OR operation using the STD bit to define two subclasses;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the hardware implementing the Exclusive OR operation shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a table showing the Exclusive OR operation using two space identification bits to define four sub-classes; and
FIG. 8 is a table showing the Exclusive OR operation using three space identification bits to define eight sub-classes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The description which follows uses the term "DLAT" for dynamic look-aside table, but those skilled in the art will understand that this term may be used interchangeably with "TLB" for translation look-aside buffer. For purposes of the following description, a paging/segmentation virtual address system is assumed. In such systems, the virtual address format is as shown in FIG. 1 and comprises s-bits for the segment index (SX), p-bits for the page index (PX), and d-bits for the displacement index (DX). The virtual address may be, for example, 31 bits of which bits A1 through A11 comprise the segment bits, bits A12 through A19 comprise the page bits, and bits A20 through A31 comprise the displacement bits.
As shown in FIG. 2, the virtual address is generated by address generator 20. The address generator 20 is part of a central processing unit (CPU) (not shown). The most recently referenced pages have entries in the DLAT 21. For a DLAT with 256 congruence classes, bits A12 through A19 of the virtual address are used to address the DLAT. The virtual page identification bits from the addressed entry read out of the DLAT 21 are compared in comparator 22 with bits A1 through A11 of the virtual address. If there is no match, a DLAT miss has occurred. On a DLAT miss, address translation is obtained through, for example, a segment/page table search and placed in the DLAT. The structure which performs this search is referred to as the buffer control element (BCE).
The segment/page table search begins by adding the value in the segment table origin register 23 and the bits A1 to A11 of the virtual address in adder 24 to obtain an index value for the segment map table 25. The entry output from the segment map table 25 is, in turn, used as an index for the page map table 26 entry, there being a separate page map table for each segment. The entry output from the page map table 26 provides the page frame at which the virtual page resides in real storage and is passed by OR gates 27 and concatenated with the displacement bits A20 through A31 of the virtual address generator 20 to form the real address in real address register 28.
On the other hand, if there is a match in the DLAT 21, the comparator 22 enables AND gates 29 which passes the entry output from the DLAT 21 to OR gates 27. In this case, the entry output from the DLAT 21 is the associated real address field which is concatenated to the displacement bits A20 through A31 to form the real storage address in register 28. Obviously, this process of address translation is considerably faster than that of the segment/page table search which occurs on a DLAT miss. The segment/page table search may take fifteen to eighty cycles to complete, whereas a DLAT access can be completed in one cycle.
Normally, most address translation requests are made by a search of the DLAT, and while the segment/page table search takes a greater number of processor cycles than making the translation by means of the DLAT, the segment/page table search is itself not without the possibility of a translation failure. For example, the segment map table search may indicate that the segment is not in primary or main storage, causing the operating system to locate the segment on secondary storage, i.e., a direct access storage device (DASD), create a page table for the segment, and load the appropriate page into primary storage, possibly replacing an existing page in the process.
Even if the segment is in primary storage, the desired page may not be in primary storage, causing the operating system to locate the page on secondary storage and loading the page in primary storage, again possibly replacing an existing page in the process. The process of accessing secondary storage can take up to several hundred processor cycles.
The foregoing description is for a conventional DLAT structure. A problem with this conventional DLAT structure is that it does not handle the problem of synonym entries in the DLAT in data processing systems which can simultaneously translate virtual addresses for multiple address spaces into real main storage addresses wherein different address spaces must have access to the same set of shared programs and data. Hence, in systems supporting multiple address spaces, different address spaces must be able to access the same set of common (e.g., shared within the context of the processing system) programs (e.g., system programs) and data (e.g., stored in primary storage). Thus, the services of operating system programs are needed by all programs in all address spaces. The address spaces are locations for storing an address information. That problem was addressed by Gannon et al., supra, who provided special controls employing a common space bit. This, however, does not address the problem caused by the periodicity of virtual page addresses when processing among multiple data spaces. That is, for the periodic processing example of
A(i)+B(i)=C(i),
where A, B and C have the same virtual page addresses (e.g., zero) but with different data spaces, with a conventional two-way (X/Y sides) DLAT structure, the associated real addresses for A(i) and B(i) will be loaded into the X and Y sides of the DLAT respectively at address zero after address translation is completed. The associated real address for C(i) will be loaded into the X side of the DLAT at the same address zero after address translation, and that will overwrite the DLAT entry for A(i). For the next loop, A(i) will miss the DLAT compare and take many cycles to be retranslated. Then the associated real address will be loaded into the Y side of the DLAT, and that will overwrite the DLAT entry for B(i). This kind of DLAT thrashing will cause dramatic system performance degradation. The above example is designed to address the problem caused by the periodicity of virtual page addresses when processing among multiple data spaces. The periodic processing example of A(i)+B(i)=C(i) is described in which A, B and C have the same virtual page addresses (e.g., zero or origin) but with different data spaces. Further, the loading of A(i) and B(i) at address zero, is simply exemplary and indicates the example in which A, B and C have the same virtual page addresses but different data spaces and leads to an example of data thrashing by the DLAT. This has been a problem of the conventional systems and while U.S. Pat. No. 4,136,385 to Gannon et al. (discussed above) attempts to overcome this problem by adding a common space bit, this technique has drawbacks as discussed above. Such drawbacks are avoided by the structure and method of the present invention in which address and data spaces are distinguished and in which data spaces are sub-classified by one or more space identification (SPACE-ID) discriminating low-order bits. For each sub-class of data spaces, virtual page address (PAGE-ADDR) bits are used to select a unique algorithm for the assignment of virtual page addresses to the DLAT rows.
The subject invention distinguishes between address spaces and data spaces. This kind of identification mechanism is known, as taught by Gannon et al., supra. Bit "23" of the Segment Table Designation (STD) is defined as a private-space (data-space) bit. FIG. 3 shows the STD-bit "23" labeled with the letter "p". This STD-bit, when a logical "1", is used to obtain the separation of data spaces in a DLAT. The STD-bit "23", when a logical "0", is used to retain the DLAT performance value of the common-segment bit for address spaces.
The invention builds on this mechanism by subclassifying data spaces by one or more space identification (SPACE-ID) discriminating (e.g., non-constant or random) low-order bits. FIG. 4 shows the Segment Table Origin (STO) bits "1" to "19" as SPACE-ID bits. In IBM's MVS system, these bits are stored in the STO register and may be unhashed non-constant, low-order bits or the low-order output bits of a hash of many STO non-constant bits. For each sub-class of data spaces, virtual page address (PAGE-ADDR) bits are used to select a unique algorithm for the assignment of virtual page addresses to the DLAT rows. These bits may be unhashed PAGE-ADDR bits or output bits of a hash of many PAGE-ADDR bits. The MVS environment refers to IBM Corporation's Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system introduced in mid-1974 for their line of main frame computers. For a general discussion of this operating system, see for example Chapter 21 of Deitel, supra.
In an exemplary embodiment, a two (even or odd) data-space sub-class design is realized by an Exclusive OR of a data space unhashed STO bit, such as bit "17" in an MVS environment, and the virtual page unhashed PAGE-ADDR high-order bit. The consequences of this design are as follows. For even sub-class data spaces (STO bit "17"=0), data space page addresses with a 0-value PAGE-ADDR high-order bit are assigned to even rows of the DLAT, and data space page addresses with a 1-value PAGE-ADDR high-order bit are assigned to odd rows of the DLAT. For odd sub-class data spaces (STO bit "17"=1), data space page addresses with a 0-value PAGE-ADDR high-order bit are assigned to odd rows of the DLAT, and data space page addresses with a 1-value PAGE-ADDR high-order bit are assigned to even rows of the DLAT.
Given a 256×2 DLAT, if the spaces A and C are in sub-class zero and the space B is in the sub-class one, then each corresponding even page of A is assigned to a DLAT even row, each corresponding even page of B is assigned to a DLAT odd row, and each corresponding even page of C is assigned to a DLAT even row. In like manner, each corresponding odd page of A is assigned to a DLAT odd row, each corresponding odd page of B is assigned to a DLAT even row, and each corresponding odd page of C is assigned to a DLAT odd row.
FIG. 5 shows a tabular representation of the Exclusive OR operation and illustrates the foregoing relation. Note that in FIG. 5 the zero sub-class data space assignment rule is the same as the assignment rule for address spaces. The zero sub-class data space (e.g., illustrated in detail in FIG. 5) assignment rule is the same as the assignment rule for address spaces described above. The "assignment rule" is simply how the address spaces (and data spaces) are assigned to rows of the DLAT. For the periodic processing example of A(i)+B(i)=C(i), if at least one of the three data spaces is in a different sub-class than the other two data spaces as determined by STO low-order bits, there will be little or no thrashing of a two-way DLAT. This separation of data spaces is due to the fact that MVS assignment of STO bits to data spaces is usually random. In fact the probability of all three spaces referenced being in the same sub-class is 0.25. Moreover, when STO bits are assigned in sequence by MVS, the probability of all three consecutively created data spaces being in the same sub-class is zero.
The logic for DLAT handling according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 6, to which reference is now made. The logic receives as inputs bits from the virtual address 60, the STD bit "23", denoted by reference numeral 61, and SPACE-ID bits from the Segment Table Origin (STO) bits 62. Exclusive OR gate 63 receives n bits of the PAGE-ADDR of the virtual address 60 and n bits from the SPACE-ID 62. The n-bits of PAGE-ADDR are supplied as input a to the selector 64, while the output of Exclusive OR gate 63 are supplied as input b to selector 64. The operation of the selector 64 is controlled by the "p" bit 61.
The general case of n data-space sub-classes is obtained by generating a unique set of n bits for each combination of n discriminating low-order SPACE-ID bits and n high-order virtual page address (PAGE-ADDR) bits. The significance and origin of the Segment Table Origin (STO) bits or SPACE-ID bits and the STO register are discussed briefly above. The STO/SPACE-ID bits are for sub-classifying data spaces (with one or more SPACE-ID discriminating low-order bits). Such classification is made for avoiding thrashing of the DLAT and to thereby prevent system degradation. The SPACE-ID bits are stored in the STO register. Thus, the space identification discriminating low order bits are n segment table bits where n defines the number of sub-classes of the data spaces. In the examples above, if n bits are used to create different subclasses, then 2^(n) subclasses would result. More specifically, n data-space sub-classes are obtained by generating a unique set of n bits for each combination of n discriminating low-order SPACE-ID bits and n high order virtual page address (PAGE-ADDR) bits. The process of generation of the n high-order effective row select bits for the DLAT 65 is from selector 64 and Exclusive OR 63. The DLAT 65 structure is conventional, the preferred structure being that which is implemented in IBM 3090-S machines. Each DLAT entry has fields for containing nineteen STO bits, one common space bit, one private space bit, eleven high-order virtual address bits, and nineteen high-order real address bits. As explained above, the process of generation of the n high-order effective row select bits for the DLAT 65 is from selector 64 and Exclusive OR 63. The example in FIG. 7 is for four sub-classes (e.g., n equals 2) and that in FIG. 8 is for eight sub-classes (e.g., n equals 3).
Additionally, the nineteen STO bits in each DLAT correspond generally to the nineteen STO bits from STO 62. Specifically, as explained above, each DLAT entry has fields for containing nineteen STO bits, one common space bit, one private space bit, eleven high-order virtual address bits, and nineteen high-order real address bits. The nineteen STO bits in each DLAT correspond generally to the nineteen STO bits from STO 62.
When "p" bit 61 is zero, the selector 64 will select the a-input n high-order PAGE-ADDR bits 60. When the "p" bit 61 is one, the selector 64 will select the b-input n bits generated by Exclusive OR 63 of n discriminating low-order SPACE-ID (STO) bits 62 with n high-order PAGE-ADDR bits 60. The 8-n low-order effective DLAT row select bits for the DLAT 65 are the unhashed 8-n low-order page address bits from the page address field, PX, of the virtual address 60. Note that if the Exclusive OR function is not performed but low-order SPACE-ID bits 63 are substituted unchanged, the result is a partitioning of the DLAT rather than a re-allocation of the total DLAT. The term "low-order SPACE-ID bits 63" mentioned above means, for example, n discriminating space identification bits having a low order, as predetermined by the operator/system programmer.
A DLAT hit is determined by the three-way compare function performed by comparator 66. The CMPR1 function is a binary "1" when the SPACE-ID bits 62 and the STO bits read out from the DLAT 65 are equal. The CMPR2 function is a binary "1" when the "p" bit 61 and the corresponding "p" bit read out from the DLAT 65 are equal. The CMPR3 function is a binary "1" when the segment address bits of the virtual address 60 and the virtual address (VA) read out from the DLAT 65 are equal. A DLAT hit is indicated when all three compare functions generate a binary "1" output to an AND gate 66' which in turn produces a binary "1" output to OR gate 68. A DLAT hit can also be made when the common space "c" bit of the selected DLAT entry is a binary "1" and the CMPR3 function is a binary "1". The architecture prevents the case of the "p" bit and the "c" bit both being ones for the same address translation; therefore, any DLAT entry would not have the "p" and "c" bits both binary "1s".
For an implementation where n equals two, the resultant values of this Exclusive OR operation, for all combinations of two SPACE-ID bits and two high-order PAGE-ADDR bits, are shown in the table of FIG. 7. Note that the zero sub-class data space assignment rule is the same as the assignment rule for address spaces.
With the n equal two implementation, the DLAT is logically divided into four sub-classes for the virtual PAGE-ADDRs. Given a 256×2 DLAT with n equal two and if spaces A, B and C are in sub-classes "00", "01" and "10", respectively, then for the periodic processing example of A(i)+B(i)=C(i), there will be no thrashing of a two-way DLAT. Since MVS assigns STD bits to data spaces in a random fashion, the probability of all three data spaces referenced being in the same sub-class is small (i.e. 0.0625) When the STD bits are assigned in sequence, which may occur with MVS, the probability of all three consecutively created data spaces being in the same sub-class is zero.
For an implementation where n equals three, the resultant values of the Exclusive OR operation for all combinations of three SPACE-ID bits and three high-order PAGE-ADDR bits are shown in the table of FIG. 8. Note again that the zero sub-class data space assignment rule is the same as the assignment rule for address spaces. The practical effect with the n equal three implementation is that the DLAT is logically divided into eight sub-classes for the same virtual PAGE-ADDR. Thus, for the periodic processing example of A(i)+B(i)=C(i), there will be almost no thrashing of a two-way DLAT. This minimum thrashing follows from MVS assignment of STD bits to data spaces in a random fashion. The probability of all three spaces referenced being in the same sub-class is very small (i.e., 0.0156).
For an implementation where n equals eight, there is maximum dispersion of assignment across all data space DLAT sub-classes for like PAGE-ADDRs of data spaces. This dispersion minimizes DLAT thrashing due to data space synonyms. On the other hand, there is, effectively, maximum concentration of assignment to the zero data space DLAT sub-class for like PAGE-ADDRs of address spaces. This concentration allows the performance advantage of common-segment bit for address spaces.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:
1. A directory look-aside table logic for a virtual storage system which can have pages in different address spaces having the same virtual address, the address spaces being identified by respective segment tables, said directory look-aside table logic comprising:first means for distinguishing between address spaces and data spaces, an address space of said address spaces being a space representing an address of a page of said pages and a data space of said data spaces being a space associated with data not commonly accessible to all of said address spaces; second means for sub-classifying data spaces by one or more space identification discriminating low order bits; and third means responsive to said first and second means for providing a unique algorithm for each sub-class of data spaces for the assignment of virtual page addresses to directory look-aside table rows using virtual page-address bits.
2. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 1 wherein said first means comprises a bit representing a private space, said bit when set, designating a data space of said data spaces.
3. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 2 wherein said space identification discriminating low order bits are n segment table bits where n defines the number of sub-classes of said data spaces.
4. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 3 wherein the number of said space identification discriminating low order bits is two.
5. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 3 wherein the number of said space identification discriminating low order bits is three.
6. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 3 wherein said third means comprises:Exclusive OR means for combining n-bits of a page address of a virtual address with n-bits of said segment table origin bits to produce a first output; and selector means responsive to said first means for selecting said first output to form a directory look-aside table row select signal when said bit representing a private space is set but, otherwise, selecting said n-bits of said page address to form said directory look-aside table row select signal.
7. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 6 further comprising three-way compare means responsive to said first and second means, a segment portion of said virtual address and an output from a directory look-aside table for determining a hit for a real address read out of said directory look-aside table.
8. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 7 wherein said three-way compare means comprises:first compare means for comparing said segment table origin bits with corresponding segment table origin bits read out of said directory look-aside table; second compare means for comparing said bit representing a private space with a corresponding private-space bit read out of said directory look-aside table; and third compare means for comparing said segment portion of said virtual address with a corresponding portion of a virtual address read out of said directory look-aside table, a comparison by all three of said first, second and third compare means indicating a hit.
9. The directory look-aside table logic recited in claim 8 further comprising means for distinguishing between common address space and private address space, a common-space bit when set designating common address space, a setting of said common-space bit and said bit representing a private space being mutually exclusive, a hit also being determined by a comparison by said third compare means and said common-space bit being set..
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Public Domain
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Surely, Sir, this is nothing but the hand of God; and wherever anything in this world is exalted, or exalts itself, God will pull it down; for this is the day wherein He alone will be exalted. It is not fit for me to give advice, nor to say a word what use you should make of this; — more than to pray you, and all that acknowledge God, That they would exalt Hirn, — and not hate His people, who are as the apple of His eye, and for whom even Kings shall be reproved; and that you would take courage to do the work of the Lord, in fulfilling the end of your Magistracy, in seeking the peace and welfare of this Land, — that all that will Hve peaceably may have countenance from you, and they that are incapable and will not leave troubling the Land may speedily be destroyed out of the Land. And if you take courage in this, God will bless you; 1648.] LETTER LXIV., PRESTON BATTLE. 37 and good men will stand by you; and God will have glory, and the Land will have happiness by you in de- spite of all your enemies. Which shall be the prayer of, Tour most humble and faithful servant, Oliver Cromwell. Postscript We have not, in all this, lost a con- siderable Officer bat Colonel Thornhaugh; and not many soldiers, considering the Service: but many are wonnded, and our horse much wearied. I humbly crave that some course may be taken to dispose of the Prisoners. The trouble, and extreme charge of the Conntry where they lie, is more than the danger of their escape. I think they would not go home if they might, without a convoy; they are so fearful of the Conntry, from whom they have deserved so ill. Ten men will keep a thousand from running away.§ Commons Journals y Wednesday23dAugu*tl(>4$: "Ordered, "That the sum of Two-hundred Pounds be bestowed upon "Major Berry, and the sum of One-hundred Pounds upon "Edward Sexby , who brought the very good news of the very " great Success obtained, by the great mercy of God , against "the whole Scots Army in Lancashire, and That the said "respective sums shall be 1 ' — in short, paid directly. Of Major Berry, Richard Baxter's friend, we have already heard. Captain Edward Sexby, here known to us as Captain for the first time, ->- did we not once see him in another char acter? ' One of Three Troopers with a Letter, in the Honourable House, in the time of the Army Troubles?* He will again turn up, little to his advantage, by and by. A Day of universal Thanksgiving for this "wonderrul great Success" is likewise ordered ; and a printed schedule of items to be thankful for, is desDatched , " to the number of 10,000," into all places."** 9 Chetham -Society Book, ut snpra, pp. 259-267. * Antea, p. 2^8 ; and Lufllow, i. 189. *• Commons Journals, v. 685. 38 r PART IT. SECOND CTVIL WAB. [20 August LETTER LXV. Let the following basty Letter, of the same date with that more deliberate one toLenthall, followed by another as hasty, terminate the Preston Business. Letter of hot Haste, of Hue-and-Cry; two remaining out of many such, written "to all the Countries," in that posture of affairs; — the fruit of which we shall soon see. Colonels "Cholmely, White, Hatcher, Rhodes," Country Colonels of more or less celebrity, need not detain us at present. Fqr the Honourdble the Committee at York: These. * GENtLEMEN,' Warrington, 20lh August 1648. "We have quite tired our horses in pursuit of the Enemy: we have killed, taken and disabled all their Foot; and left them only some Horse, with whom the Duke is fled into Delamere Forest, having neither Foot nor Dragooners. They have taken Five-hundred of them, — I mean the Country Forces 'have,' as they send me word this day. They* are so tired, and in such confusion, that if my Horse could but trot after them, I could take them all. But we are so weary, we can scarce be able to do more than walk after them. I beseech you there- fore, let Sir Henry Cholmely, Sir Edward Rhodes, Colonel Hatcher, and Colonel White, and all the Countries about you, be sent to, to rise with -you and follow them. For they are the miserablest party that ever. was: I durst engage myself, with Five-hundred fresh Horse, and Five-hundred nimble Foot, to destroy them all. My Horse are miserably beaten out; — and I have Ten-thousand of them Prisoners. We have killed we know not wnat; but a verjr ...... hf. L* Th* Scots. 1648.] LETTER LXVL, WIGAK. 39 great number; having done execution upon them above thirty miles together, — besides what we killed in the Two great Fights, the one at Preston, the other at Warrington 'orWinwickPass.' Six-thousand horse: and our number about Six-thousand foot and The Enemy was Twenty-four-thousand horse and foot; whereof Eighteen- thousand foot and Three-thousand horse at the utmost. This is a glorious Day: — God help England to answer His mercies! — I have no more; but beseech you in all your parts to gather into bodies, and pursue. I rest, Your most humble servant, Ouveb Cbomwell. 'P.S.' The greatest part, by far, of.the Nobility of Scotland are with Duke Hamilton. § LETTEB LXVL L For the Honourdble the Commütee at York: These** G-ENTLEMEN, Wigan, 23d August 1648. I have intelligence even now come to my hands, That Duke Hamilton with a wearied Body of Horser is drawing towards Pontefract; where probably he may lodge himself, and rest his Horse; — as not daring to continue in those Countries whence we have driven him; the Country-people rising in such Jiumbers, and stopping his passage at every bridge. Major-Greneral Lambert, with a very considerable force, pursues him at the heels. I desire you that you would get together what force you can, to put a stop to any further designs they may have; and so be ready to join with Major-General Lambert, if there § Copy in the possession of W. Beaumont, Esq., Warrington. ] , ,.^ 40 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAR. [23 August shall be need. I am marching Northward with the greatest part of the Army; where I shall be glad to hear from you. I rest, Your very affectionate friend and servant, Oliver Cromwbll. I could wish you wouldfdraw out whatever force you have; either to be in bis rear or to impede his march. For I am persuaded if be, or the greatest part of tbose that are with bim be taken, it would make an end of the Business of Scotland. § This Letter, carelessly printed in the old Newspaper, is with out address ; but wi learn that it " came to my hands this present afternoon , " " at York ," 26th August 1648 ; — whither also truer rumours, truer news , as to Hamilton and his affairs, are on the road. On Friday 25th, at Uttoxeter infStaffordshire, the poor Duke of Hamilton, begirt with enemies, distracted with muti- nies and internal discords, surrenders and ceases; u very ill, and unable to march." u My Lord Duke and Calendar," says Dalgetty, "feil out and were at very high words at supper, where I was ," the night before ; " each blaming the other for the mi8fortune and miscarriage of our affairs: n a sad employ- ment ! Dalgetty himself went prisoner to Hüll ; lay long with Colonel Robert verton, an acquaintance of ours there. "As "we rode from Uttoxeter, we made a stand at the Duke'ft " window ; and he looking out with some kind words , we took " our eternal farewell of him," — never saw him more. He died on the scaffold for this business ; being Earl of Cambridge, and an English Peer as well as Scotch: — the unhappiest of men; one of those "singularly able men" who, with all their % Newspaper, Packet» of Letters from Scotland and the North, no. 24 (London, printed by Robert Ibbitaon in Smithfield, 29th August 1618). — See, in Appendix, no. 11, Letter of same date to Derby-House Committee, reqnesting snpplies (Note ofl867). 1648.] LETTER LXVT., WIÖAN. 41 'ability," have never succeeded in any enterprise what- ever! — Colchester Siege, one of the most desperate defences, being now plaiuly without object, terminätes, on Monday next. * Surrender , " on quarter " for tbe inferior parties , " at discretion" for the superior. Two of the latter, Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, gallant Officers both, are sen- tenced and shot on the place. "By Ireton's instigation" say some: yes, or withhout any special instigation; merely by the nature of the case ! They who , contrary to Law and Treaty, bave again involved this Nation in blood, do they deserve nothing? — Two inore, Goring and Lord Capel, stood trial at Westminster; of whom Lord Capel lost his head. He was "the first man that rose to complain of Grievances" in Novem- ber 1640; being then Mr. Capel, and Member for Hertford- shire. The Prince with his Fleet in theDowns, too, so soon as these Lancashire tidings reached him, made off for Holland ; " entered the Hague in thirty coaches," iand gave up his military pursuits. The Second Civil War, its back once broken here at Preston, rapidly dies everywhere; is already as good as dead. In ScoÜand itself there is no farther resistance. The op- pressed Kirk Party rise rather, and almost thank the con- querors. " Sir George Monro," says Turner, " following con- stantly a whole day'ß march to the rear of us," finding himself, by this unhappy Battle, cut asunder from my Lord Duke , and brought into contact with Cromwell instead, — "marched straight back to Scotland and joined with Earl Lanark's forces," my Lord Duke's brother. u Straight back," as we shall find, is not the word for this march. " But so soon as the news of our Defeat came to Scotland," continues Turner, (< Argyle and the Kirk Party rose in arme; every mother's son; and this was called the i Whiggamore Eaid:'" 1648, — first appearance of the Whig Party on the * 88th Augoat, BMhworth, vü. 1842. 42 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAR. |l Sept. page of History , I think ! « ' David Lesley was at their head, andoldLeven," the Fieldmarshal of 1639, "in the Castle of "Edinburgh; who cannon-aded the Royal" Hamilton " troops 4 ' whenever they came in view of him ! " * Cromwell proceeds north ward, goes at last to Edinburgh itself, to compose this stränge state of matters. LETTERS LXVH.— LXXIX. Monko with the rearward of Hamiltons beaten Army did notmarch "straight back' to Scotland as Turner told us, but vipry obliquely back ; lingering for several weeks on the South aide of the Border; collecting remnants of English, Scotch, and even Irish Malignants , not without hopes of raising a new Army frorn them , — cruelly spoiling those Northern Counties in the interim. Cromwell , waiting first tili Lambert with the forces sentin pursuit of Hamilton can rejoin the main Army, moves North ward, to deal with these broken parties, and with broken Scotland generally. The following Thirteen Letters bring him as far as Edinburgh : whither let us now attend him with such lights as they yield. LETTER LXVIL Oliver St John, a private friend, and always officially an importantman, always on the CommitteeofBoth Kingdoms, Derby-House Committee, orwhatever the governing Authority might be, — finds here a private Note for himself ; one part of which is very stränge to us. Does the reader look with any intelligence into that poor old prophetic, symbolic Deathbed- scene at PrestonV Any intelligence of Prophecy and Symbol, in gener al-, of the symbolic Man-child Mahershalal-hashbaz at Jerusalem, or the handful of Cut Grass at Preston[; — of the opening Portals ofEtcrnity, and what last departing gleams there] are in the Soul of the pure and just? — Mahershalal hashbaz ("Hasten-to-the-spoil," so called), and the bündle of w » Turner, ubi snpra; Guthry's Memoirs (Glasgow, 1T48), p. t85» 1648.] LETTER LXVH., KNARESBOROUGH. 43 Cut Grass are grown somewhat stränge to us! Bead; and having sneered duly, — consider: For my worthy Friend Oliver St. John, Esquire, Solicüor- General: These, at Lincoln* 8 Inn. DEAR SlR, Knaresborough, Ist Sept. '1648.' I can aay nothing; but surely the Lord* our jGrod is a great and glorious God. He only is worthy to be feared and trusted, and His appearances particularly to be waited for. He will not fail His People. Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord! — Remember my love to my dear brother H. Vane: I pray he make not too little, nor I too much, of out- ward dispensations: — God preserve us all, that we, in 8Ünplicity of our spirits, may patiently attend upon them. Let us all be not careful what men will make of these actings. They, will they, nill they, shall fulfil the good pleasure of God; and we — shall serve oür generations. Our rest we expect elsewhere: that will be durable. Care we not for tomorrow, nor for anything. This Scripture has been of great stay to me: read Isaiah Eighth, 10, 11, 14; — read all the Chapter. * I am informed from good hands, that a poor godly man died in Preston, the day before the Fight; and being sick, near the hour of his death, he desired the woman that cooked to him, To fetch him a handful of * Yos, the indignant symbolic "Chapter," about Mahershalal-hashbax, and the vain desirea of the wicked, is all worth reading ; here are the Three Verses referred to , more especially : " Take counsel tögether ," ye unjust, "and it shall come to naaght ; speak the word, and it shall not stand. For J'God is with us — Sanctify the Lord of Hosts ; and Jet Him be your fear, " and let Him be your dread. And He shall be for a sanctuary : — but for "astone of stumbling and for a rock ofoffence to both theHouses of Israel; "for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem! And many *• among them shall stumble and fall, and be broken, and be snared, and be <* taken." This last verse, we find, is often in the thooghts of Oliver. • 44 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAR. [l Sept Grass. My Service to Mr. W. P., Sir J. E., and the rest of our good friends. I hope I do offcen remember yoü. Yours, Oliver Cromwell. My Service to Frank Rüssel and Sir Gilbert Pickering. § " Sir J. E." when he received this salutation , was palpable enough ; but nas now melted away to the Outline of aShadow ! I guess him. to be Sir John Evelyn of Wilts ; and , with greater cohfidence, "Mr. W. P.* to be William Pierpoint, Earl of Kingston^ Son , a man of superiör faculty , of various destiny and business, "called in the Family tra^itions, Wiße WiUiqm;" Aneestor of the Dukes of Kingston (Great-grandfather ofthat Lady Mary , whom as Wortley Montagu all readers still know) ; and much a friend of Oliver, as we shall transiently see. LETTER LXVIU. Another private Letter: to my Lord Wharton; to con-. gratulate him on some "particular mercy," seemihgly the ' birth of an heir, and to pour out his sense of these great gene- ralmercies. This Philip Lord Wharton is also of the Com- mittee of Derby House , the Executive in those months; it is probable* Cromwell had been sending despatches to them, and had hastily enclosed these private Letters in the Packet Philip Lord Wharton seems to have been a zealous Puritan, ' much concerned withPreachers, Chaplains &c. in his domestic § Ayscough ms s. 4107, f. 94; a Copy by Blrch. « Common« Jonrnali, vi. 6, 5tb September. 1648.] LETTE» LXVIIL, KNABE SB OROUGH. 45 establishment; and fall of Parliamentary andPolitico-religious busineßs in public. He had a regiment of his own raising at Edgehill Fight; but it was one ofthose that ran away ; where- upon the unhappy Colonel took refuge "in a sawpit," — says Koyalism i confidently , crowing over it without end.* A quarrel between him and Sir Henry Mildmay, Member for Maiden, about Sir Henry's saying, 'HeWhartonhadmadehis peace at Oxford 1 in November 1643, is noted in the Commons Journals, iii. 300. It was to him, about the time oft his Crom- well Letter, that oneOsborne, a distracted King's flunkey, had written , accusing Major Rolf, a soldier ander Hammond, of attemptingl to poison Charles in the Isle of "Wight**; — This Philipps patrimunial estate, Wharton , still a Manorhouse of somebody, lies among the Hills on the southwest side of Westmoreland ; near the sources of the Eden, the Swale rising on the other watershed not far off. He seems, however, to have dwelt at Upper Winchington, Bucks, "a seat near Great Wycomb." He lived to be a Privy Councillor to William of Orange.*** He died in 1696. Take this other anecdote, once a very famous one: " James Stewart of Blantyre^in Scotland, scnof aTreasurer " Stewart, and himself a great favourite of King James , was a "gallant youth; came up to London with great hopes: but a u discord falling out between him and the young Lord Whar- " ton, they went out to single combat each against the other; " and at the first thrust each of them killed the other, and they "feil dead in one another's arms on the place. "f The "fclace" was Islington fields; the date 8th November i609. The tragedy gave rise to much balladsinging and other rumour. ff Our Philip is that slain Wharton's Nephew. This Letter has been preserved by Thurloe ; four blank Spaces ornamented with due asterisks occur in it, — Editor Birch does not inform us whether from tearing off the Seal, or * Wood's Athen», iii. 177, and in all manner of Pamphlets elsewhere. ** Wood, iii. 501 ; Pamphlets ; Commons Journals, &c. ••• Wood, iv.f407, 542; Fasti, i. 335; Nicolas's Synopsis of the Peerage. f Scotstarvet's Staggering State (Bdiuburgh, 1754, a very curioas little Book), p. 32. ff Bibliotheca Topographica, no. xlix. 46 PAET IV. SBCOND CIVIL WAR. [2 Sept why. In these blank spaces the conjectural sense, which I distingufoh here as usual by commas, is occasionally some- what questionable. For ihe Right Honourable (he Lord Wharton: These. My LORD, 'KnaresborougV 2d Sept. 1648. You know how untoward I am at this business of writing; yet a word. I beseech the Lord make us sen- sible of this great mercy here, which surely was much more than 4 the sense of it' the House expresseth.* I trust 4 to have, through' the goodness of our God, time and opportunity to speak of it to you face to face. When we think of our God, what are we! Oh, His mercy to the whole society of saints, — despised, jeered saints! Let them mock on. Would we were all saints! The best of us are, God knows, poor weak saints; — yet saints; if not sheep, yet lambs; and must be fed. We have daily bread, ** and shall have it, in despite of all enemies. There's enough in our Father's house, and He dispenseth it.*** I think 1 , through these out- ward mercies, as we call them, Faith, Patience, Love Hope are exercised and perfected, — yea, Christ formed, and grows to a perfect man within us. I know not well how to distinguish: the difference is only in the subject, 'not in the object;' to a worldly man., they are outward, to a saint Christian; — but I dispute not. * The House calls it "a wonderful great mercy and aucceaa," thla Preston victory ( Common s Journals , v. 680) ; — and then paaaea on to other matter8 , not quite adequately conscioaa that ita life had been aarad hereby ! What fire was blazing, and how high, in Wales, and then inLanea- shire, is known only in perfeCtion to those that trampled it out. ** Spiritual food , encouragexnent of merciful Providence, from dayto day. *•• There follows here in the Birch edition : "As our eyes n [seventtara] "behinde, then wee can" [aeven stars] " we for him:" worda totallyvnin- telligihte ; and not worth gaessing at, the original not being here , bat only Birch's questionable reading of it. 1648.] LETTER LXVHI., KKARESBOROÜGH. 4 MyLord, Irejoice in yoür particular mercy. I hope that it is so to you. If so, it shall not hurt you; not make you plot or shift for the young Baron to make him great. You will sayj, "He is God's to dispose of, and guide for;" and there you will leave him. My love to the dear Httle Lady, better l to me' than the child. The Lord bless you both. My love and service to all Friends high and low; if you will, to my Lord and Lady Mulgrave and Will Hill. I am truly, Your faithful friend and humblest servant, Oliver Cromwell. § Diiring these very days, perhaps it was exactly two days after, a on Monday last," if that mean 4th September,* — Monro, lying about Appleby, has a party of horse "sent into theBishopric;" firing " divers houses" thereabouts, and not forgetting to plunder "the Lord Wharton's tenants" by the road: Cromwell penetrating towards Berwick, yet still at a good dlstance, scatters this and other predatory parties ra- pidly enough to Appleby, — as it were by the very wind of him; like a Coming mastiff smelt in the gale by vermin. They are swifter than he, and get to Scotland, by their dexterity and quick scent, unscathed. "Across toKelso" about Sep- tember 8th.** Mulgrave in those years is a young Edmund Sheffield, of whom, except that he came afterwards to sit in the Council of State, and died a few days before the Protector, History knows not much. — " Will Hill" is perhaps Will Hill, a Puri- tanMerchant in London, ruined out of "a large estate" by lending for the public service; who, this Summer, anid still in this very month, is dunning the Lords andCommons, the Lords with rather more effect, to try if they cannot give him some kind of payment, or shadow of an attempt at payment, § Thurloe, i. 99. * Cromwelliana, p. 45. «« Ruihworth, vü. 1350, 3, 9, 60. 48 PAKT IV. SBCOND CIVIL WAS. [2 Sept — he having long lain in jail f or want of his money. A zealous religious, and now destitute and insolvent man; known to Oliver; — and suggests himself along with the Mulgraves by the contrast of " Friends high and low." Poor Hill did, after infinite struggling, get some kind of snack at the Bishops' Lands by and by.* The "young Baron" now born is father, I guppose, — he or his brother is father,**—- of the far~famed high-gifted half- delirious Duke of Wharton. On the 8 th of September, Cromwell is at Durham,*** scaring the Monro fraternity before him; and publishes the following DECLARATION. Wheheas the Scottish Army, under the command of James Duke of Hamilton, which lately invaded this Nation of England, is, by the blessing of God upon the Parliament's Forces, defeated and overthrown; and some thousands of their soldiers and officers are now prisoners in our hands; so that, by reason of their great number, and want of sufficient guards and watches to keep them so carefully as need requires (the Army being employed upon other duty and Service of the Kingdom), divers may escape away; and many, both since and upon the pursuit, do lie in private places in the country: I thought it very just and necessary to give notice to all, and accordingly do declare, That if any Scot- tishmen, officers or soldiers, lately members of the said Scottish Army, and taken or escaped in or since the jäte Fight and pursuit, shall be{found straggling in the * Commons Journals, vi. 89, 243. •* He, Thomas, the ono now born; subsequently Marquis, and a man otherwise of distinction ; who "died, 12th April 1715, in the 67th year of his age: n Boyer's Political State of Great Britain (April 1715, London), p. 305. (Note to Third Edition: communicated by Mr, 7. Watts of the Bri- tish Museum,) •»• Commoni Journalfl, vii. 1260. ^j J 1648.] DECLAEATION. 49 countries, or running away from the places assigned them to remain in tili the pleasure of the Parliament, or of his Excellency the Lord General be known, — It will be accounted a very good and acceptable Service to the Country and Kingdom of England, for any per- son or persons to take and apprehend all such Scottish- men; and to carag them Xo any Officer having the Charge of such prlShers j or* in defect of such Officer, to fhe Committee hr Goveimor of the next Garrison for the Parliament within the Gounty where they shall be 80 taken; there tö be secured and kept in prison, as shall be found mosfc convenient. And the said Committee, Officer, or Governor re^ spectively, are desired to secure such of the said pri- soners as shall be so apprehended and brought unto them, accordingly. And if any of the said Scottish of- ncers or soldiers shall make any resistance, and refuse to be taken or render themselves, all such persons well- affected to the service of the Parliament and Kingdom of England, may and are desired to fall upon, fight with, and slay such refusers: but if the said prisoners shall continue and remain within the places and guards assigned for the keeping of them, That then no vio- lence, wrong, nor injury be oflfered to them by any means. Provided also, and special care is to be taken, That no Scottishman residing within this Kingdom, and not having been a member of the said Anny,* and also, That none such of the said Scottish prisoners as shall have liberty given them, and sufficient passes to go to any place appointed, may be interrupted or troubled hereby. Olivee Ceomwell. § ' Dttrham,* 8th September 1648. § Newfpeperf (In CfromweUüui% p. 4$). ** Carlyle, Crmmril. IL j 4J fiO PABT IV. SECOND CIVIL WAR, „ [11 Sept. LETTER LXIX. FasbfaxIs still at Col ehester, anranging the "ransoms," and confused wrecks of the Siege there ; Cromwell has riow reached Berwfck,* at least his outposts have, — all the Mon- roes now fairly aezoss the Tweed. " Lieutenant -Colonel Cowell," I conclude, wae mortally wounded at Preston Battle ; and hexe has the poor Widov Jbeen, solieiting and lamenting. For hü Excellency the Lord Fair fax, General of all the ParUamenCe Ar mies: These. "* MY LORD, 'Al»wick,'Uth September 1648. Since we lost Lieutenant-Colonel Cowell, his Wife eame to me near Northallerton, mach lamenting her loss, and the sad condition she and her chijdren were left in. He was an honest worthy man. He spent himseli in your and the Kingdom's service. He being a great Trader in London, deserted it to serve the Kingdom^ He lost mnch moneys to the State; and I believe few outdid him. He had a great arrear due to him. He left a Wife and three small children but meanly pro- vided for. Upon his deathbed, he commended this de- sire to me, ThatI should befriend his to the Parliament or to your Excellency. His Wife will attend you for Letters to the Parliament; whichl beseech you to take into a tender consideration. I beseech you to pardon this boldness to, Your Excellency's most humble servant, Oliver Cromwell. § On the 19th June 1649, "Widow CoweÜ" is orderedtobe paid her Husband's Arrears by the Committee at Haber* • Rushworth, vit|125. § Luudowne xss. 1236, fol. 86. 1648.] LETTER LXX., ALNWICK. 51 dashers' HalL* One hopes shereceived payment, poorwo- manl "Upon his deathbed her Husband oommended this desire to me. n In the very hours whüe this Letter is a-writing, "Monday llth September 1648," Monro, now joined with the Earl of Lanark, presents himseifat Edinburgh: but the Whiggamore Raid, all the force of the West Country, 6,000 strong, is al- readythere; ^draws out on the crags be-east the Town," old Leven in the Castle ready to fire withal ; and will not let him enter. Lanark and Monro, after sad survey of the inaccess- ible armed crags, bend westward, keeping well out of the ränge of Leven's gnns, — to Stirling; meet Argyle and the Whiggamores, make some Treaty or Armistice, and admit them to be the real "Committee of Estates," the Hamilton Faction having ended.** Here are Three Letten, Two of one date, directly on the back of these occurrences. LETTER LXX. For the Governor of Berwick: These. SlR, Alnwick, 15th September 1648. Being come thus near, I thought fit to demand the Town of Berwick to be delivered into my hands, to the use of the Parliament and Kingdom of England, to whom of right it belongeth. I need not use any argumenta to convince you of the justice hereof. The witness that God hath borne against your Army, in their Invasion of those who de- • sired to sit in peace by you, doth at once manifest His dislike of the injury done to a Nation that meant you no härm, but hath been all along desirous to keep amity and brotherly affection and agreement with you. If you deny me in this, we must make a second appeal to God, putting ourselves upon Him, in endea- * Common« Journals, vL 887. ** Guthry, pp. 286-97. 4» 52 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAS. f 16 Sept vouring to obtain onr rights, and let Hirn be judge between us. And if onr aim be anything beyond what we profess, He will requite it. If further trouble ensue upon your denial, we trust He will make our innocency to appear. I expect your answer to this summons, this day, and rest, Your servant, Oliver Cbomwell. § Ludovic Lesley, the Scotch Governor of Berwick, returns " a dilatory answer," not necessary for us to read. Here is a more important message : LETTE» LXXI. For the Bigkt Honourable the Lord Marquis of Argyle, and the rest of the well-affected Lords, Gentlemen, Ministers, and People now in arms in the Kingdom of Scotland: PresenU My Lobds a»d Gentlemen, JSSESm. Being (in prosecution of the common Enemy) ad- vanced, with the Army under my command, to the borders of Scotland, I thought fit, to prevent any mis- apprehension or prejudice that might be raised thereupön, to send your Lordships these Grentlemen, Colonel Bright, Scoutmaster-General Rowe, and Mr. Stapylton, to ac- quaint you with the reasons thereof : conceming which I desire your Lordships to give them credence. I re- main, My Lords, Your very humble servant, Oliver Cromwell.§§ r § Lords Journals (in' Parllamentary EQstory, xvli. 486). . IS Thurloe, i. 100. 1648.] LETTER LX3X, NSAR BERWIOX. 63 Colonel Bright and Scoutmaster Rowe are persona that often* occur, though somewhat undistinguishably, inthe Old Pamphlets. Bright, in the end of this month, was sent orer, "from Barock" apparently, to take possession of Carlisle, now ready to surrender to us.* " Scoutmaster" is the Chief of the Corps of " Guides," as soldiers now call them. As to Stapylton or Stapleton, we have to remark that, besides Sir Philip Stapleton, the noted Member for Boroughbridge, and one of the Eleven, who is now banished and dead, there is a Bry an Stapleton now Member for Aldborough ; he in January last** was Commissioner to Scotland: but this present Sta- pylton is still another. Apparently, one Robert Stapylton; a favourite Chaplain of Cromwell's; an Army-Preacher, a man of weight and eminence in that character. From his following in the rear of the Colonel and the Scoutmaster, in- stead of taking precedence in th$ Lieutenant-GreneraTs Let- ter, as an M.P. would have done, we may infer that this Reverend Robert Stapylton is the Crom well Messenger, — sent to speak a word to the Clergy in particular. Scoutmaster Rowe, William Rowe, appears with an en- larged sphere of influence, presiding over the Cromweäspy- world in a very diligent, expert and almost respectable 1 man- ner, some years afterwards, in the Milton State- Papiers. His counsel might be useful with Argyle ; his experienced eye, at any rate, might täte a glance of the Septtish Country, with advantage to an invading General. . ..-.»■.; Qf the Reverend Mr, Stapylton's proceed^ngs oft this 00- casion we have no n^ticet; but. he will occw afterwards in these Leiters ; and two years n^nce, on Crl»mwell's second vicdt to those Northern parte, we find thiä recorded: "Last Lord'sDay," 29th September 1.650,' "Mr. Sta^lton:preached in the High Chürch/Vof Edinburgh, #hile we wbi^mliiin^ihe Castle 1 — ''forenoön and afternoon, beföre his 1 ExceHency "with his Officers; where was a great concourse of people; "many Scots ezpessing much affection at the doctrine, in * Oromwelliana, p. 48. ; #• Commons Journals, y. 448; Whitlocke, p. 890. 64 PART XV. SBCOOT CIVIL WAB. [16 Sept. "their usual way of groans."* In their nsual way of groans, while Mr. Stapylton held forth: consider that ! — Mr. Robert, ^'at 10 o'clock at night on the 3d September" next year, writes, "from the other side of Severn," a copious despatch eoncerning theBattle of Woreester,** and then disappears from History. The foüowing Letter, of the same date, was brought by the same Messengers for the Committee of Estates. LETTEB LXXH. For (he Right Honourable the Committee of Estates for the Kingdom of Scotland: These. ElGHT HOHOÜBABI.E, JSSÄl Being upon my approach to the borders of the Kingdom of Scotland, I thought fit to acquaint you of the reason thereof. It is well known how injurionsly the Kingdom of England was lately invaded by the Army under Duke Hamilton; contrary to the Covenant and 'to' our leagues of amity, and against all the | engagements of love and brotherhood between the two Nations. And not- withstanding the pretence of your late Deklaration, *** published to take with the people of this Kingdom, the Commons of England in Parliament Assembled declared the said Army so entering, Enemies to the Kingdom; and those of England who should adhere to them, Trai- tors. And havingf received command to march with a considerable part of their Army, to oppose so great a violation of faith and justice, — what a witness God, * Cromwelliana, p. 92. ** Cromwelttana, p. 113. **• To be found in Rushworth ; read it not ! f The grammar reqtüres "I having," bat the physiognomy of the len- tence reqaires nothing. 1648.] LETTER LXXII., NSAR BERWIOK. 65 belüg appealed to,* hath borne, upon the engagement of the two Armies, against the unrighteousness of man, not only yourselves, but this Kingdom, yea and a great part of the known world will, I trust, acknowledge. How dangerous a thing is it to wage an unjust war]; much more, to appeal to God the Righteous Judge therein! We trust He will persuade you better by this manifest token of His displeasure; lest His hand be stretched out yet more against you, and your poor People also, if they will be deceived. That which I am to demand of you is, The resti- tution of the Garrisons of Berwick and Carlisle into my hands, for the use of the Parliament and Kingdom of England. If you deny me herein, I must make our appeal to God; and call upon Hirn for assistance, in what way He shail direct us; — wherein we are, and shall be, so far. from seeking the härm of the well- affected people of the Kingdom of Scotland, that We profess as before the Lord, That (what difterence an Army, necessitated in a hostile way to recover the an- cient rights and inheritance of the Kingdom und er which they serve, can make)** we shall use our endeavours to the utmost that the trouble may fall upon the con- trivers and authors of this breach, and not upon the poor innocent people, who have been led and.com- pelled into this action, as many poor souls now pri- soners to us confess. , We thougnt ourselves bound in duty thus to ex- postulate with you, and thus to profess; to the end we niay bear our integrity out before the world, and may • on Preston Moor. ** Means ; "so fiur as an Army, necessitated to vindicate ita country by War, can make a discrimination." The "ancient rights and inheritance" are the right to choose our own King or No-King, and so forth. 56 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAS. [18 Sept. have comfort in God, whatever the .event be. Desiring your answer, I rest, Your Lordships' humble servant, Oliver Cbomwell.§ The troubles of Scotland are Coming thick. The "En- gagers/' thosethat "engaged" with Hamilton are to be con- demned; then, before long, come "Resolutioners" and "Pro- testers;" and in the wreck of the Hamilton- Argyle discus- sions, and general cunctations, — all men desiring to say Yes andNo instead ofYes or No, — Royalism and Presbyterian- ism alike are disastrously smking. The Lordships here addressed as "Committee of Estates" can make no answer, for they do not now exist as Cornmütee of Estates ;— - Argyle and Company are now assuming that character: the shifting of the dresses, which occasions some complexity in those old Letters, is just going on. From Ar- gyle and Company, however, who see in Cromwell their one sure stay, there are already on the road conciliatory congra- tulatory messages, by Lairds and Majors, "from Falkirk," where the Whiggamore Said and Lanark are making their Armistice or Treaty. Whereupon follows, with snitably vague Superscription, for Argyle and Company : LETTER LXXm. To iheBight Honourable the Earl of London, ChanceUor of Üie Kingdom of Scotland: To be communicated to the Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Bur- gesses now in arms,* who dissented in ParUament from tÄc late Engagement against the Kingdom of England. Right Honourable, Cheswick,*« isth Sept. iwb. We received yours from Falkirk of the lötk'Sep- § Thurloe, i. 100. • "The Whiggamore Raid," m Turner calls it,, now making a Treaty with Lanark, Monro, and the other Assignees of the bankrapt Hamilton concern. Expressly addressed, in the nezt Letter, as "Committee of Estates," they now. *• Gheswick, stiU a M anorhonse "of the Family of Strangeways," lies three or four mlles sooth ofBerwick, on the great road toNeweasÜe and London. 1648.] LETTER LXXH., CHESWICK. 57 tember instant. We have had also a sight of your Instructions given to the Laird of Greenhead and Ma- jor Strahan; as also other two Papers concerning the Treaty between your Lordships andtheEnemy, wherein your care of the interest of the Kingdom of England, forj the delivery of the Towns* unjustly taken from them, and 'your' desire to preserve the unity of both Nations, appears. By which also we widerstand the posture you are in to oppose the Enemies of the wei- tere and the peace of both Kingdoms; for which we bless Good for His goodness to you; and rejoice to see the power of the Kingdom of Scotland in a hopeful way to be invested in the hands of those who, we trust, are taught of God to seek His honour, and the comfort of His people. And give us leave to say, as before the Lord, who knows the secrets of all hearts, That, as we think one especial end of Providence in permitting the enemiea of Gtfd and Goodness in both Kingdoms to rise to that height, and exercise such tyranny over His people, was to show the necessity of Unity amongst those of both Nations, so we hope and pray that the late glo- rious dispei^sation, in giving so happy success against your and giut Enemies in our victories, may be the foundation of Union of the People of Gcod in love and amity. Unto that end we shall, God assisting, to the utmost of our power endeavour to perform what may be behind on our part: and when we shall, through any wilfuhiess, fail therein, let this profession rise up in judgment against us, as having been made in hypo- crisy, — a severe avenger of which God hath lately * Berwick «ad Oarliale, which by agreement in 1646-7 wen not to be garrisoned ezcept by consent of both Kingdoms. 58 PART IV. SECOND CIVIL WAR. [18 Sept. appeared, in His most righteous witnessing against the Army under Duke Hamilton, invading ns under spe- cious pretences of piety and justice. We may humbly say, we rejoice with more trembling* than to dare to do such a wicked thing. TJpon our advance to Alnwick, we thought fit to send a good body of our horse to the borders of Scot- land, and thereby a summons to the Garrison of Ber- wick;** to which having received a dilatory answer, I desired a safe-convoy for Colonel Bright and the Scoutmaster-General of this Army to go to the Com- mittee of Estates in Scotland; who, I hope, will have the bpportunity to be with your Lordships before this come to your hands, — and, according as they are instructed, will let your Lordships in some measure, as well as we could in so much ignorance of your con- dition, know our affections to you. And understanding things more fully by yours, we now thought fit to make you this 'present' return. The command we received, upon the defeat of Duke Hamilton, was, To prosecute this business until the Enemy were put out of a condition or hope of growing into a new Army, and the Garrisons of Berwick and Carlisle were reduced v Four regiments of our horse and some dragoons, who had followed the Enemy into the south parts,*** being now come up; and this country not able to bear ua, the cattle and old com thereof having been wasted by Monro and the forces with him; the Governor of Berwick also daily victu- * " Joln trembling with your mlrth n (Second Psalm).. •• Letter LXX. *** Uttoxeter and thereabouta. 1646.] LBTTEB LXXIIL, CHESWICK. 59 «Hing bis Garrison frorn Scotland aide; and the Enemy yet in so considerable a posture as by these Gentlemen and your Papers we understand, — still prosecuting their former design, having gotten the advantage of Stirling Bridge, and so much of Scotland at their backs to enable them thereunto; and your Lordships' con- dition not being such, at present, as may compelthem to submit to the honest and necessary things you have proposed to them for the good of both the Kingdoms: we have thought fit, out of the sense of duty to the commands laid upon us by thöse who have sent us, and to the end we might be in a posture more ready to give you assistance, and not be wanting to what we have made so large professions of, — to advance into Scotland with the Army.* And we trust, by the blessing of God, the common Enemy will thereby the sooner be brought to a Submission to you: and we thereby «hall do what becomes us in order to the ob* taining of our Garrisons ; engaging ourselves that, so soon as we shall know from you that the Enemy will yield to the things you have proposed to them, and we have our Garrisons deüyered to uß, we shall forth- with depart out of your Eongdom; and in' the mean- time be "even" more ijender towards the Kingdom of Scotland, in the point of charge, than if we were in our own Kingdom. If we shall receive from you any desire of a more speedy advanee, we shall readily yield compliance therewith; — desiring also to hear from you how affairs stand. This being the result of a Council of War, I * Neither doea the sentence end even here! It ia dreadfolly bad eom- position; yet containfl a yigorous clear sense in it. 60 PART IV. 8ECOND CIVIL WML [18 Sept.
| 0.367112
| -0.553447
| 939
| 3,671
| 240
| 240
|
royalty biographies
| false
|
99,791
|
github_open_source_100_2_8274
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
/* Copyright (c) 2015-present, salesforce.com, inc. All rights reserved */
/* Licensed under BSD 3-Clause - see LICENSE.txt or git.io/sfdc-license */
/* eslint-disable import/no-mutable-exports */
import oneOfRequiredProperty from '../../utilities/warning/one-of-required-property';
/* import deprecatedPropertyValue from '../../utilities/warning/deprecated-property-value'; */
let checkProps = function () {};
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkProps = function (COMPONENT, props) {
/**
* If illustration SVGs are added to SLDS in the future, we will deprecate the value
* of internalIllustration being true and give a warning.
*
if (props.internalIllustration) {
deprecatedPropertyValue(COMPONENT, {
propAsString: 'internalIllustration',
propValue: props.internalIllustration,
deprecatedPropValue: true,
replacementPropAsValue: false,
},
'Using illustration SVGs from inside this repo is deprecated. Please update your assets/images path to use the SVGs found in the @salesforce/design-system npm module.');
}
*/
if (props.illustration || props.path) {
// An illustration image must be accompanied with a heading text
oneOfRequiredProperty(COMPONENT, {
heading: props.heading,
});
}
};
}
export default checkProps;
| 0.180552
| 0.643242
| 3,365
| 13,515
| 57
| 57
|
SVG Icon Library
| false
|
99,792
|
github_open_source_100_2_8275
|
Github OpenSource
|
Various open source
|
# coding: utf8
"""
题目链接: https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-perfect-square/description.
题目描述:
Given a positive integer num, write a function which returns True if num is a perfect square else False.
Note: Do not use any built-in library function such as sqrt.
Example 1:
Input: 16
Returns: True
Example 2:
Input: 14
Returns: False
Credits:
Special thanks to @elmirap for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
"""
class Solution(object):
def isPerfectSquare(self, num):
"""
:type num: int
:rtype: bool
"""
if num <= 1:
return True
left = 0
right = num // 2
while left <= right:
mid = left + (right - left) // 2
p = mid * mid
if p == num:
return True
elif p < num:
left = mid + 1
else:
right = mid - 1
return False
| 0.564244
| 0.533916
| 3,186
| 12,644
| 251
| 251
|
Programming Examples
| false
|
99,793
|
US-201615064129-A_3
|
USPTO
|
Public Domain
|
FIG. 4C depicts features of an exemplary cannula or sample feed tube 400 c according to embodiments of the present invention, where the cannula has a length L. FIG. 4D depicts a longitudinal cross-section of cannula 400 d. As shown here, the cannula 400 d includes a distal flattened section 410 d, a central tapered section 420 d, and a proximal tubular portion 430 d. As depicted in FIG. 4C-1, an exemplary cannula or sample feed tube 400 c-1 can have a distal portion 410 c-1 and a proximal portion 430 c-1. In some cases, the distal portion 410 c-1 has a length of about 1.359 mm and a width of about 1.43 mm. In some cases, the exit port of the distal end has an exit width W(E) of about 1.359 mm. According to some embodiments, a cannula may have an internal flowpath geometry that is different from what is depicted in FIGS. 4C and 4D. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4D-1, the cannula 400 d-1 does not include a tapered central section having an expanded flow area cross-section. As depicted in FIG. 4D-1, cannula 400 d-1 has a distal section 410 d-1, a central tapered section 420 d-1 having a tapering inner diameter, and a proximal section 430 d-1. Corresponding to the tapering inner diameter of central section 420 d-1, the cross-sectional inner area of 410 d-1 is smaller than the cross-sectional inner area of 430 d-1.
A hematology system according to embodiments of the present invention can process a blood sample having a volume of about 150 μL. The aspirated blood volume can be about 120-150 μL. In some cases, the minimum available blood volume in the sample tube is about 500 μL for an automatic sampling mode and about 250 μL for manual sampling mode. The cannula or injection tube 400 d shown in FIG. 4D has an internal volume of about 13 uL. According to some embodiments, the cannula or injection tube has an internal volume of less than about 30 uL.
FIG. 4E illustrates a transverse cross-section of a distal flattened section 410 e. As shown here, the distal section 410 e has an inner width W(I) and an inner height H(I), through which a sample stream flows. Further, the distal section 410 e has an outer width W(O) and an outer height H(O). As depicted in FIGS. 4D and 4E taken in combination, the distal portion 410 e of the sample fluid injection tube has an outlet port P having a height H(I) and a width W(I), where the height H(I) is less than the width W(I). According to some embodiments, the height H(I) of the outlet port P of distal portion 410 e (or the inner height of the distal portion 410 d) can have a value of about 150 μm. In some cases, the height H(I) can be within a range from about 50 μm to about 250 μm. According to some embodiments, the width W(I) of the outlet port P of distal portion 410 e (or the inner width of the distal portion 410 d) can have a value of about 1350 μm. In some cases, the width is about 1194 μm. In some cases, the width W(I) can have a value within a range from about 500 μm to about 3000 μm. In some cases, distal flattened section 410 d can be manufactured by applying a clamping force to a tube or conduit.
FIG. 4F illustrates a transverse cross-section of a central tapered section 420 f. As shown here, the central tapered section 420 f has an inner diameter D(I) through which a sample stream flows. Further, the central tapered section 420 f has an outer diameter D(O). FIG. 4G illustrates a transverse cross-section of a proximal section 430 g. As shown here, the proximal section 430 g has an inner diameter D(I) through which a sample stream flows. Further, the distal section 430 g has an outer diameter D(O).
As depicted in FIG. 4D, the injection tube or cannula 400 d can have a proximal portion 430 d having a first flow cross-section area (e.g. π*(D/2)² shown in FIG. 4G), a distal portion 410 d having a second flow cross-section area (e.g. W(I)*H(I) shown in FIG. 4E) that is less than the first flow cross-section area, and a third portion 420 d disposed between the proximal portion 430 d and the distal portion 410 d. The third portion 420 d can have a third flow cross-section (e.g. π*(D/2)² shown in FIG. 4F) that is larger than the first and second flow cross-sections. In some instance, the outer diameter D(O) of proximal portion 430 g is about 1067 μm and the inner diameter D(I) of proximal portion 430 g is about 813 μm.
Cellular Structure, Content, and Alignment
According to some embodiments, to accomplish staining and visualization of white blood cells, it is helpful to lyse red blood cells in the sample and permeabilize the white blood cells so as to allow the stain to incorporate with the white blood cells. It is often desirable to obtain a stain of the white blood cells with little to no change in morphology to the cells. Further, it is often desirable to obtain staining properties which resemble a Wright stain. What is more, it is often desirable to obtain a high red cell alignment (e.g. target >90%).
FIG. 4H (upper panel) depicts results obtained using a stain formulation that does not include glutaraldehyde. It was observed that the cells fell apart as a result of shear forces encountered in the flowcell. Although a good stain of the nucleus was achieved, the nucleus itself appeared deformed, and the cell membrane appeared damaged. In sum, when imaged the cell appeared to be destroyed due to disruption to the cellular content and structure.
FIG. 4H (lower panel) depicts WBC results obtained using a stain formulation that includes glutaraldehyde. As shown here, the cell membranes are intact and the cells are round. Hence, it was observed that the version of the stain which did not use glutaraldehyde (e.g. shown in FIG. 4H, upper panel) resulted in resulting in weakened WBC's. Although the WBC's are more intact in FIG. 4H (lower panel) the nucleus portions are damaged.
The sheath fluid (PIOAL) used to obtain the FIG. 4H (lower panel) images included 30% glycerol. In contrast, the sheath fluid (PIOAL) used to obtain the FIG. 4I (upper panel) images included 6.5% glycerol. The lower concentration of glycerol resulted in a better morphology, with the nucleus mostly unchanged. Hence, it was observed that the cell membrane in FIG. 4I (upper panel) is even more intact that than the cell membrane in FIG. 4H (lower panel). The lower glycerol concentration in FIG. 4I (upper panel) can operate to reduce the viscosity difference, thereby reducing the shear force. If excessive shear force is present, the force can destroy the cell membranes. The glycerol may have some properties that are incompatible with the cells and thus a higher concentration of glycerol may also destroy the cell membranes. Hence, it is possible to conclude that the damage to the nucleus depicted in FIG. 4H (upper panel) can be the result of the 30% glycerol in the sheath fluid.
When the glycerol concentration was lowered to 6.5% as depicted in FIG. 4I (upper panel), however, the alignment of the red blood cells in the sample fluid was observed to diminish.
Various alternative PIOAL formulations were used in an attempt to obtain improved alignment in red blood cells, but these alternative formulations did not provide satisfactory results. For example, several different viscosity enhancers were tried, but many of them exhibited behavior similar to that of the higher 30% glycerol formulation, such that the cell contents were damaged.
It was discovered that by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 5% glycerol as a viscosity agent component, it was possible to obtain a sheath fluid having a viscosity that matched the viscosity of the 30% glycerol formulation (and hence improved alignment results were achieved) without the negative effects of destroying the nucleus. FIG. 4I (lower panel) depicts results obtained using a PIOAL with 5% glycerol and 1% PVP. Hence, it can be seen that the viscosity agent in the sheath fluid retains viability of cells in the sample fluid stream, leaving structure and content of the cells intact, for example when cells flow through the flowcell and are exposed to the flowing sheath fluid. According to some embodiments, the concentration percentage of glycerol is expressed in terms of (v/v) and the concentration percentage of PVP is expressed in terms of (w/v).
FIG. 4J depicts image capture results based on a traditional microscope wet mount technique (left column) as compared to a flowcell technique according to embodiments of the present invention (right column). The wet mount procedure can be considered as a target standard for image clarity and quality. It was observed that techniques involving sheath fluids and flow cell designed as disclosed herein were effective in achieving image clarity and quality equivalent to that of the wet mount procedure.
According to some embodiments, a flowstream ribbon can split when the viscosity differential between the sample fluid and the sheath fluid exceeds a certain threshold. According to some embodiments, a flowstream ribbon split was observed when using a sheath fluid containing glycerol at 60%.
As shown in FIG. 4K, a sample stream ribbon R flowing through an image capture site 432 k of a flowcell 420 k can have a thickness T of about 2 μm. In some cases, thickness T of the sample stream ribbon can be up to about 3 μm. Typically, cells or particles that are smaller than the sample stream thickness will be contained within the ribbon. An exemplary red blood cell (RBC) can be present as a biconcave disk and can have a diameter D of between about 6.2 μm and about 8.2 μm. Further, an exemplary red blood cell can have a maximum thickness T1 of between about 2 μm and about 2.5 μm and a minimum thickness T2 of between about 0.8 μm and about 1 μm. In some cases, red blood cells can have a thickness of up to about 3 μm. Exemplary human platelets can vary in size, and can also have a thickness or diameter of about 2 μm. Although not shown to scale here, the flowcell can define a flow path thickness H having a value of about 150 μm, at the image capture site. In some cases, the flowpath thickness F has a value between 50 μm and 400 μm. This flowpath thickness F can also correspond to the distal height 418 b of distal portion 461 b depicted in FIGS. 4B-1 and 4B-2.
As shown in FIG. 4K, the ratio of the thickness T of the sample fluid stream to the thickness of the particle (red blood cell) is about 1:1. According so some embodiments, a ratio of the thickness T of the sample fluid stream at the image capture site to a size of one of the particles is within a range from 0.25 to 25. In some cases, the thickness T can have a value within a range from 0.5 μm to 5 μm. A viscosity differential between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid can be selected so as to achieve a desired positioning of the ribbon sample stream within the flowcell.
Viscosity differences between fluid of the sample ribbon R and the sheath fluid can operate to align or orient particles in the sample stream, for example red blood cells, along the direction of the flow. When so aligned, as shown in FIG. 4K, the imaging device or camera can obtain images of the red blood cells such they appear round, because the major surface of the blood cell is facing toward the camera. In this way, the red blood cell assumes an alignment that presents a low resistance relative to the flow. Hence, the relative viscosity characteristics of the sheath fluid and the sample fluid can contribute to a high percentage or number of red blood cells facing toward the camera, thus enhancing the evaluation capability of the particle analysis system.
According to some embodiments, the viscosity characteristics of the sheath fluid operate to limit particle misalignment in the blood fluid sample. For example, viscosity differentials can be effective to limit red blood cells imaging orientation misalignment in the blood fluid sample to less than about 10%. That is, 90 or more red blood cells out of 100 red blood cells in a sample can be aligned so that their major surfaces face toward the imaging device. A symmetrical narrowing transition zone can provide a value of 20%. As discussed elsewhere herein, for example with reference to FIG. 4R, it is possible to compare alignment results obtained from an analyzer configuration that involves a symmetrical narrowing flowcell transition zone and a viscous sheath fluid to alignment results obtained from an analyzer configuration that involves a symmetrical narrowing flowcell transition zone without the use of a viscous sheath fluid. Use of a viscous sheath fluid can reduce the percentage of misaligned cells. According to some embodiments, the sheath fluid has an index of refraction similar to that of water (i.e. n=1.3330). In some cases, the sheath fluid has a water content of about 89%. In addition to alignment effects observed as a result of the viscosity differential, alignment effects are also observed as a result of a bilateral tapered transition zone. In some cases, it is observed that a bilateral (i.e. symmetrical) tapered transition zone is twice as effective at aligning particles as compared to an asymmetric tapered transition zone design.
Efficient alignment of the red blood cells can contribute to improved diagnosis. In some cases, the shape of the imaged red blood cells can be used to determine whether a patient from whom the sample is obtained has a particular physiological condition or disease. For example, patients with sickle cell disease present with blood cells having an abnormal shape (i.e. in the shape of a sickle). Hence, by obtaining high quality images of aligned red blood cells, it is possible to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Other shape variations in red blood cells, for example red blood cells having thin peripheral area and a large flat central area, whereby the red blood cell appears to have the profile of a bicycle tire, can effectively be imaged using the instant alignment techniques. Similarly, red blood cells having a small central portion, and a thick peripheral area, whereby the red blood cell appears to have the profile of a truck tire, can be imaged for diagnostic purposes. The improved imaging techniques disclosed herein are also useful for evaluating other red blood cell characteristics, such as hemoglobin content, iron content, and the like.
Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that a viscosity differential between the viscosity of the sheath fluid and the viscosity of the sample fluid produces a modified parabolic profile, wherein the profile is generally parabolic and has a central bump corresponding to a center area of the flow where the acceleration is increased, and the central bump contributes to alignment of sample particles or intraparticle organelles. According to some embodiments, the velocity difference between the sheath and sample ribbon and the viscosity difference generate shear forces to increase alignment of the organelles or intracellular particles. Exemplary aspects of the sheath fluid parabolic profile are discussed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/216,533, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
White blood cells are typically larger than red blood cells and platelets. For example, exemplary neutrophils and eosinophils can have a diameter of between about 10 μm and about 12 μm. Exemplary basophils can have a diameter of between about 12 μm and about 15 μm. Exemplary lymphocytes (small) can have a diameter of between about 7 μm and about 8 μm, and exemplary lymphocytes (large) can have a diameter of between about 12 μm and about 15 μm. Exemplary monocytes can have a diameter of between about 12 μm and about 20 μm. The configuration of the particle analysis system, including interaction between the sheath fluid and the fluid sample ribbon as they pass through the flowcell, can operate to compress white blood cells as they travel through the image capture site 432 l, as indicated in FIG. 4L. Hence, for example, a central portion of the white blood cell (WBC) can be positioned within the sample fluid ribbon R, and peripheral portions of the white blood cell can be positioned within the sheath fluid. Hence, as the white blood cell is transported through the flowcell by the ribbon, the sides of the white blood cell can extend into the sheath fluid. The numerical values or ranges for the thickness T of sample stream ribbon R, and the thickness F of the flowpath as discussed above with regard to FIG. 4K are similarly applicable to FIG. 4L.
According to some embodiments, viscosity differences between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid can operate to align organelles or other intracellular features which are present within cells such as white blood cells. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that shear forces associated with the viscosity differential between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid may act upon the white blood cells so as to align the intracellular features. In some cases, shear forces associated with velocity differentials between the sheath fluid and sample fluid may contribute to such alignment. These alignment effects may be impacted by a size differential between the particles and the sample fluid ribbon as well. For example, where portions of the particles extend out of the sample fluid ribbon and into the surrounding sheath fluid, shear forces associated with the difference in viscosity may have a pronounced effect on the intracellular feature alignment.
As depicted in FIG. 4L, portions of a cell such as a white blood cell can extend into the sheath fluid. Embodiments of the present invention encompass sheath fluid compositions that do not lyse or shred the cell, or otherwise compromise the integrity of the outer cell membrane, when the cell is exposed to the sheath fluid. A viscosity agent in the sheath fluid can operate to retain viability of cells in the sample fluid stream, so as to leave the structure (e.g. shape) and the content (e.g. nucleus) of the cells intact when the cell membrane or wall traverses an interface between the sample fluid ribbon and the sheath fluid envelope or otherwise extends from the sample fluid stream into the flowing sheath fluid.
Often, there are compressive forces acting upon the cells or particles as they flow within the sample fluid ribbon along the flowcell. Hence, the cells may come into contact with the sheath fluid while the cells are in a compressed state or are otherwise subject to compressive forces as a result of a narrowing transition zone. The viscosity agent of the sheath fluid can operate to protect the compressed cells from being shredded or destroyed when they emerge from the thin sample fluid ribbon and become exposed to the viscous sheath fluid, at least until the cells reach the image capture site. Hence, the viscosity agent composition of the sheath fluid can operate as a cellular protectorant, while also enhancing alignment of the particles or intraparticle content.
With reference to FIGS. 4K and 4L, in some instances portions of the cell or particle may extend out of the thin sample fluid ribbon R and into the surrounding sheath fluid. As discussed elsewhere herein, the sheath fluid may contain cellular protectants that inhibit or prevent the sheath fluid from disrupting or lysing the cells or particles. For example, the sheath fluid may contain cellular protectants that preserve the structural integrity of the cells walls as the cells are exposed to the chemical environment of the sheath fluid. Similarly, the cellular protectants may also operate to preserve the structural integrity of the cells walls as the cells experience any shear forces induced by flowcell geometry, and a difference in velocity and/or viscosity between the sample fluid and the sheath fluid. Relatedly, the protectorants can protect the cells or particles from forces resulting from the difference in velocity between the sample fluid and sheath fluid. In this way, the cells retain their viability as they reach the image capture site.
The shear forces can be significant at the interface between the sample fluid ribbon and the sheath fluid envelope. According to some embodiments, flow within the flowcell flowpath can be characterized by a parabolic flow profile. FIG. 4L-1 depicts exemplary aspects of parabolic flow profiles 400 l-1 a and 400 l-1 b. The parabolic profile 400 l-1 a in the upper panel is a typical velocity profile found in flows within certain flowcell embodiments of the present invention (e.g. where there is little or no viscosity differential between a sample fluid flowstream that is enveloped within a sheath fluid flowstream). As can be seen, a highest linear velocity is observed in the middle of the fluid stream and slower linear velocities are observed near the flowcell wall. Profile 400 l-1 a can also be observed in fluid stream with a slight viscosity difference between the sheath and sample fluids. In a case where there is a high viscosity differential between the sheath and fluid streams, a central bump is observed as shown in profile 400 l-1 b, where there is a localized central area with amplified linear velocities. According to some embodiments, particles that are sufficiently large in size will be subjected to some amount of shear force, even where such particles are fully contained within a single fluid phase (i.e. either within the sheath fluid envelope, or alternatively within the sample fluid ribbon).
In some instances, the velocity of the sheath fluid may be different from the velocity of the sample fluid. For example, the sheath fluid may be traveling at 80 mm/second and the sample fluid may be traveling at 60 mm/second. Hence, in some instances, the sample fluid exits the distal cannula port at a sample fluid speed that is slower than the sheath fluid speed of the surrounding envelope. Hence, the sheath fluid can operate to drag the sample fluid along the flowpath of the cannula, thus accelerating the sample fluid and reducing the thickness of the sample fluid ribbon. The sample fluid ribbon maintains the overall volume and mass, so as it travels faster it becomes thinner. According to some embodiments, both the sheath fluid and the sample fluid have a velocity of between about 20 and 200 mm/second at the image capture site.
Typically, the velocity of the sample fluid increases as the sample fluid travels from the cannula exit port to the image capture site. In some instances, the velocity of the sample fluid at the image capture site is 40 times the velocity of the sample fluid as it exits the cannula port at the cannula distal portion. According to some embodiments, the decrease in cross sectional area of the sample ribbon is linear to the increase in velocity. According to some embodiments, if the sheath velocity at the cannula exit is higher than the sample ribbon velocity this will also increase the final sample ribbon velocity at the imaging area.
The sheath fluid can operate to apply significant shear forces on the sample fluid ribbon and on particles within the sample fluid ribbon. Some forces are parallel to the direction of flow, and particles may also encounter forces which are perpendicular to the direction of flow. Often, as the sheath fluid and sample fluid approach the image capture site or zone, the sheath and sample fluids are traveling at or near the same velocity. Hence, the boundary or interface between the sheath and sample fluids as they pass the image capture site may present lower shear forces, as compared to the boundary or interface at the distal cannula exit port or at the tapered transition zone. For example, at the tapered transition zone, the boundary or interface between the sheath fluid envelope and sample fluid ribbon can be in transition, such that the sample ribbon which is initially slower and thicker becomes faster and thinner, and particles in the sample fluid become more aligned. Put another way, the shear forces may be prominent at the tapered transition zone, and can dissipate toward the image capture site. The shear forces at the image capture site can be represented by a parabolic profile, and can be much lower than the shear forces at the tapered transition zone. Hence, cells or particles can experience higher shear forces as they pass through the transition zone, and lower shear forces as they pass through the image capture site. According to some embodiments, the viscosity difference between the sheath and sample fluids can bring the red blood cells into alignment and thereby into focus. According to some embodiments, the viscosity difference between the sheath and sample fluids can bring white blood cell organelles into alignment and thereby into focus. Relatedly, enhanced imaging results can be obtained for cellular and organelle components that are aligned and brought into focus, resulting from the geometric narrowing of the stream and the velocity difference between the sheath and sample fluids.
As noted elsewhere herein, and with reference to FIGS. 4K and 4L, as the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R flow through a reduction in flowpath size or transition zone of a flowcell, and toward an imaging site 432 k or 432 l, a viscosity hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R associated with a viscosity difference between the sheath fluid viscosity and the sample fluid viscosity, in combination with a geometric hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R associated with the reduction in flowpath size or transition zone, provides a target imaging state in at least some of the plurality of particles at the imaging site 432 k or 432 l.
In some cases, the target imaging state is a target orientation relative to a focal plane F at the imaging site. For example, as depicted in FIG. 4K-1, the particle (RBC) can be displaced at a distance from the focal plane F. In some cases, the target orientation involves a target particle orientation relative to the focal plane F at the imaging site 432 k-1. The particle can be a blood cell, such as a red blood cell, a white blood cell, or a platelet. As shown here, the flowpath at the imaging site 432 k-1 can define a P plane that is substantially parallel to or coplanar with the focal plane F. In some cases, a portion of the particle may be positioned along the focal plane F, yet the central portion of the particle may otherwise be offset from the focal plane F. In some cases, the target orientation involves a target position relative to the focal plane F at the imaging site 432 k-1. For example, the target position may involve positioning of the particle so that at least a portion of the particle is disposed along the focal plane F. In some cases, the target position may involve positioning of the particle so that a distance between the particle and the focal plane F does not exceed a certain threshold. In some cases, the target position involves a target particle position that is relative to the focal plane F at the imaging site 432 k-1. In some cases, the target position is at or less than a distance D from the focal plane F, where distance D corresponds to a positional tolerance. A viscosity differential between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid can be selected so as to achieve a desired positioning of the ribbon sample stream within the flowcell (e.g. relative to flowpath plane P and/or focal plane F). In some cases, the viscosity differential can be selected so as to achieve a target particle position that is at or less than the positional tolerance D.
In some cases, the focal plane F has a thickness or depth of field as indicated in FIG. 4K-2, and the particle (RBC) has a target imaging state relative to the focal plane thickness. For example, the target position for the particle can be within the focal plane F or at least partially within the focal plane F. In some cases a high optical resolution imaging device or camera can have a depth of field or focal plane thickness of about 7 μm. In some cases, the depth of field or focal plane thickness has a value with a range from about 2 μm to about 10 μm. In some cases, the depth of the field of the camera is similar or equal to the sample ribbon thickness at the image capture site.
In some cases, the target orientation can involve a target alignment relative to the focal plane F at the imaging site. For example, the target alignment can indicate that a plane defined by the particle is aligned with the focal plane F, not to exceed a certain angle α relative to the focal plane F at the image capture site 432 k-3 as shown in FIG. 4K-3. In some cases, the target imaging state can involve a limitation on the number or percentage of misaligned particles in a sample. For example, a difference in viscosity between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R can be effective to limit red blood cells imaging orientation misalignment in the blood fluid sample to less than about 10%. That is, 90 or more red blood cells out of 100 red blood cells in a sample can be aligned so that their major surfaces face toward the imaging device (as depicted in FIGS. 4K-1 and 4K-2) or so that the alignment of those 90 or more RBCs is within 20 degrees from a plane substantially parallel to the direction of flow (e.g. RBC alignment angle α is 20 degrees or less). As discussed elsewhere herein, in some cases at least 92% of non-spherical particles such as RBCs can be aligned in a plane substantially parallel to the direction of flow. In some cases, at least between 75% and 95% of non-spherical particles such as RBCs can be substantially aligned, namely within 20 degrees from a plane substantially parallel to the direction of flow (e.g. alignment angle α is 20 degrees or less). According to some embodiments, 90% or more of certain particles (e.g. red blood cells and/or platelets) can be oriented transverse to the imaging axis of the imaging device.
In some cases, embodiments of the present invention include compositions for use with a hematology system as described herein, such as a sheath fluid or particle and intracellular organelle alignment liquid (PIOAL). Such sheath fluids or PIOALs are suitable for use in a combined viscosity and geometric hydrofocusing visual analyzer. The PIOAL can operate to direct or facilitate flow of a blood sample fluid of a given viscosity through a narrowing flowcell transition zone of the visual analyzer. The PIOAL can include a fluid having a higher viscosity than the viscosity of the sample. A viscosity hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the PIOAL fluid and the sample fluid associated with the viscosity difference, in combination with a geometric hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the PIOAL fluid and the sample fluid associated with the narrowing flowcell transition zone, can be effective to provide a target imaging state in at least some of the plurality of particles at an imaging site of the visual analyzer while retaining viability of cells in the blood sample fluid.
FIG. 4M depicts an exemplary neutrophil 400 m (a type of white blood cell) having internal organelles such as lobes 410 m. As a result of the viscosity differential between the sample fluid and the sheath fluid, the internal organelles can align within the cell, as indicated by FIG. 4N. Hence, the intracellular organelles can be effectively imaged with an image capture device 430 m, without the organelles overlapping one another. That is, instead of the lobes being stacked upon one another as depicted in FIG. 4M, when viewed from the imaging or optical axis of the image capture device the lobes are aligned and sitting side by side as depicted in FIG. 4N. Hence, the lobes can be visualized in the captured imaged more effectively. The internal organelle alignment is a surprising and unexpected result of the viscosity differential between the sample and sheath fluids. Accordingly, enhanced imaging results corresponding to cell alignment and in-focus are achieved using the viscosity differential, hydrodynamic flow, and geometric compression features.
As noted elsewhere herein, and with reference to FIGS. 4M and 4N, as the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R flow through a reduction in flowpath size or transition zone of a flowcell, and toward an imaging site of an image capture device 430 m or 430 n, a viscosity hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R associated with a viscosity difference between the sheath fluid viscosity and the sample fluid viscosity, in combination with a geometric hydrofocusing effect induced by an interaction between the sheath fluid and the sample fluid R associated with the reduction in flowpath size or transition zone, provides a target imaging state in at least some of the plurality of particles at the imaging site. According to some embodiments, the target imaging state may correspond to a distribution of imaging states.
In some cases, the target imaging state can involve a target intraparticle structure orientation (e.g. alignment and/or position) relative to a focal plane at the imaging site. For example, as depicted in FIG. 4N, the internal structures 410 m (e.g. intracellular structure, organelle, lobe, or the like) can be oriented relative to the focal plane F. In some cases, the target alignment involves a target intraparticle structure alignment relative to a focal plane F at the imaging site, similar to the particle alignment relationship depicted in FIG. 4K-3. In some cases, the target position involves a target intraparticle structure position relative to a focal plane at the imaging site, similar to the particle position relationship depicted in FIG. 4K-1. In some cases, the target orientation of the intraparticle structure can include both a target alignment relative to the focal plane and also a target position relative to the focal plane. In some cases, the target imaging state can involve a target deformation at the imaging site. For example, as depicted in FIG. 4N, the particle 400 m has a compressed shape as compared to the particle shape depicted in FIG. 4M. Hence, it can be seen that operation of the flowcell can produce a lateral compression effect on the particle shapes. Relatedly, the intraparticle features can be positionally or directionally oriented (e.g. aligned with respect to the focal plane F and/or ribbon flow plane) as the particle itself is compressed in shape. According to some embodiments, a velocity difference between the sheath and sample fluids can produce friction within the flowstream, and a viscosity difference between the sheath and sample fluids can amplify that hydrodynamic friction.
EXAMPLES
Any of a variety of hematology or blood particle analysis techniques can be performed using images of sample fluid flowing through the flowcell. Often, image analysis can involve determining certain cell or particle parameters, or measuring, detecting, or evaluating certain cell or particle features. For example, image analysis can involve evaluating cell or particle size, cell nucleus features, cell cytoplasm features, intracellular organelle features, and the like. Relatedly, analysis techniques can encompass certain counting or classification methods or diagnostic tests, including white blood cell (WBC) differentials. In some cases, images obtained using the flowcell can support a 5-part WBC differential test. In some cases, images obtained using the flowcell can support a 9-part WBC differential test. Relatedly, with reference to FIG. 4, the processor 440 can include or be in operative association with a storage medium having a computer application that, when executed by the processor, is configured to cause the system 400 to differentiate different types of cells based on images obtained from the image capture device. For example, diagnostic or testing techniques can be used to differentiate various cells (e.g. neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, and blasts).
The Examples provided herein are for the purpose of illustration only, and the invention is not limited to these Examples, but rather encompasses all variations that are evident as a result of the teaching provided herein.
Prior to the experiments described herein, there was no published protocol that allows for the development and the methods of use comprising PIOAL for aligning particles and repositioning intracellular content as disclosed herein. This is useful for image-based analysis and differential categorization and subcategorization of particles in body fluid (e.g. blood) samples. The methods and compositions disclosed herein can optionally stain and/or lyse particles in a suitable manner to achieve white cell staining, reticulocyte staining and platelet staining, that mimic's Wright stained cells seen on a whole blood smear.
The exemplary compositions described herein allow staining to occurs at a relatively low blood to reagent dilution and the staining can occurs rapidly (e.g. within 30 sec). If desired, the exemplary method can employ the use of a surfactant in combination with heat to achieve red cell lysis. The exemplary formulations can be modified to retain RBC integrity and still achieve WBC, retic and platelet staining efficacy.
Aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure are based on the surprising and unexpected discovery that certain PIOAL compositions have unexpected properties aligning cells and re-positioning intracellular structures when used to perform image-based particle/cell analysis.
By way of example, several exemplary PIOAL formulations and methods of use thereof were developed. The following are some exemplars of PIOAL formulations with the desired properties.
FIG. 4O shows a comparison of images obtained using PIOAL versus images obtained using a non PIOAL sheath fluid. Use of the PIOAL resulted in more in-focus cellular contents such as lobes, cytoplasm, and/or granule. In this example, a PIOAL comprising a viscosity agent (about 30% glycerol) was used to process the sample. The pH was adjusted to a pH of about 6.8 to 7.2 and the sample mixture was made isotonic by (0.9% sodium chloride). The results shown here demonstrate the efficacy of an exemplary PIOAL used on an image analyzer to align cells and intracellular organelles.
FIGS. 4P and 4Q show a comparison of images obtained using a standard sheath fluid (FIG. 4P upper and lower panels) versus images obtained using an exemplary PIOAL fluid (FIG. 4Q upper and lower panels). As shown here, the use of PIOAL resulted in an improved RBC alignment, for example by orienting the major surfaces of the red blood cells to face toward the camera or imaging device. The sample was analyzed using an instrument focusing protocol (on an exemplary target 44 as depicted in FIG. 1) and the target was brought into focus by a visual analyzer. The focusing system was then offset by displacement distance 52, resulting in the particles in the ribbon-shaped sample stream being in focus. The blood sample was previously diluted using a sample diluent. The sample flowed through a cannula and along a flowpath of a flowcell, thereby generating a ribbon-shaped sample stream (e.g. 2 microns in thickness) which was between two layers of PIOAL or standard sheath (in controls). The visual analyzer then generates focused images of the particles in the ribbon-shaped sample stream (e.g. at about 60 frames per second) to be used for analysis. The blood sample is obtained from a subject and processed for analysis by the blood analyzer. Images of RBCs in a flowcell are captured while the sample is processed using a standard sheath fluid or a PIOAL. Relative percentages demonstrate significant improvement in the number of aligned RBCs based on imaging data (e.g. FIGS. 4P and 4Q). The result demonstrated that PIOAL was efficacious at increasing the percentage of RBC alignment while in flow in the ribbon-shaped sample stream using the focusing instrument/protocols as described herein.
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Les conclusions delà commission sont adoptées. Il est 7 heures, la séance est levée ; celle de demain est fixée à 9 heures du matin. r "... ■ ■.--'■'■• "-■• ;&.'-■■'':■ Le Secrétaire, ; Lé Président,. DE LAMBEL. H. VARROY. SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. Présidence de M. VARROY. Sont présents : MM. CHEVANDIER -DE VALDROME, COLLARD, COLLIN, COSSON, COURNAULT, DÉBUISSON, DENIS, D^'AUX, FAYON (Félix),, FAYON '(Jules), FERVEL, GOURIER, D'HAMONVILLE, DE,LADOUCETTE, DE LAMBEL, MARQUIS, MATBIS DÉ GRANDSEÎLLÊ, MI-' CHAUT (Gabriel), MOLÏTOR, NOBLOT, PETITRIEN, ROLLIN, TOURTEL. , MM.: COMON et MIÇHAUT (Paul), secrétaires. ' Y " La séance est ouverte à neuf heures du matin. M. DE LAMBEL a la parole pour lire le procès-verbal "de la séance delà veille. Le procès-verbal est adopté après quelques observations de MM. Gourier, Varroy, Denis et Débuisson. '.' M. D'HAMONVILLE, au nom de la commission d'agriculture propose au Conseil général d'exprimer au peuple anglais la reconnaissance des populations pour les témoignages de sympathie que là France-en a reçus à l'occasion de la guerre avec l'AHemâa;ne, RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. Vous savez. Messieurs, les nombreux témoignages de sympathie qui nous ont été donnés par le peuple anglais, lors de nos terribles désastres, vous connaissez toutes les oeuvres de charité de là philanthropique Angleterre et si vous n'avez vu par vousmêmes, vous avez sûrement entendu parler de ces ambulances, de ces secours si abondants et de toute nature qui ont été envoyés à-nos malheureuses populations.. Un comité central s'est, constitué à Paris pour centraliser tous les témoignages de gratitude qui, sous forme d'adresses au peuple anglais, pourront être envoyés des divers points de la France. SÉANGÉbU 45 AVRIL. ; 263 Vous voudrez ;sans doute, Messieurs, vous associer à cette oeuvre, vous voudrez prouver que la reconnaissance est toujours une vertu essentiellement française, vous voudrez, sans Oublier nos généreuses soeurslâ Belgique, et la Suisse, adresser vos chaleureux remerciements à la; nation qui produit des hommes de coeur, coinme l'illustre Richard "Waïlacé. En conséquence, nous vous proposons de charger l'un de vos membres de. rédiger une adresse -au peuple anglais, adresse qui serait immédiatement soumise à vos signatures et sans préjudice de la Istitudê laissée à chacun de nous, dé nous faire les propagateurs de l'oeuvre, dans nos cantons respectifs, Y : -. ..','.;■' .. ..-■■"■ DELIBERATION;, : A la suite de cette lecture le Conseil décide ; à; l'unanimité que le rapport tout entier sera transmis à M. le président du comité central d'agriculture à Paris, ; comme "témoignage" dé reconnaissance duConseil général.du département. dé-BIeurthé-; et-Mosehe pour la noble conduite du; peuple anglais à. l'égard de la France pendant la dernière guerre. M. RôLLiN, au nom de la commissiondés voies de. communication lit un rapport sûr la demande d'établissement d'une halte au Gué-des-Arches, sur la ligne; dé, Sedan à Thioiiville. ' Y■ RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. MM. de Ladoucette, Offel et Comon ont déposé un vCêu ainsi conçu ,::Y".' '■'". •- « Le Conseil général dé Meurthe-et-Moselle, considérant que 42 Communes demandent depuis 40 ans qu'un tèmips d'arrêt soit établi au lieu dit le Gué-déS-Ârçhes sur la; ligne de Sedan à Thionviie ; ' Y :; :> ...Considérant en outre que le .Conseil général; delà Moselle a, exprimé plusieurs fois le même voeu et que le Conseil général -de:M«Hrthe-et-Moselle s'y'est associé le ,44 novembre dernier, : Réitère le voeuqû'un temps d'arrêt, soit établi au lieu: dit le Gué-dês-Arehesy ■:■ : -. . Y ' H. de Ladoucette, Offe^ : .'.Y, La persistance avec laquelle les communes intéressées récla 264 SÉANCE DU 15 AVRIL. ment depuis si longtemps qu'un temps d'arrêt soit établi au Gué-des-Arcliës, prouve tout l'intérêt qu'elles attachent à la réalisation de cette mesure. En conséquencela commission des-voies de communication a l'honneur de vous proposer, Messieurs, de réitérer lé voeu que vous avez exprimé dans votre dernière session. DÉLIBÉRATION. Les conclusions de la commission sont adoptées. M. CHEVANDIER DE VALDROME, au nom de la commission des voies de communication, Ut un rapport sur une proposition de virement de crédit pour des travaux exécutés sur la route départementale n° 3. Rapport de l'ingénieur ordinaire de l'arrondissement du centre. La rectification des côtes de la route départementale n° 3, entre Flirey et Bernécourt, qui a été commencée en 4869 est terminée en ce qui concerne les travaux à l'entreprise. La dépense était évaluée comme il suit : Travaux à l'entreprise ...... 23.5001') Somme à valoir................... 2.350 29.350 fr. Indemnités de.terrains et frais divers 3.500 ) Par suite de diverses économies réalisées en cours d'exécution, la dépense définitive sera réglée comme il suit : Travaux à l'entreprise...',......-.'. 22.450f 25 ) Somme à valoir........:..,....., 2.350, J 27.998f71 ■ Indemnités, etc..........,..,.;... 3.498 46) Il a été impute sur les exercices antérieurs à 4874 .......,.. 48.687 47 ,) ■•■'Ô',. (.ont //7Et //7Et 4874. .-. ..... 3.000 »j M:mi 4/ Un crédit de .................../......" ^ . 6.314f24 est donc suffisant pour solder toutes les dépens'es. Or dans sa sessiondô" 4874, le Conseil général de Meurthe-etMoselle n'ayant pas encore connaissance de l'économie qui a été réalisée, a affecté à cette rectification sur l'année 4872 un crédit SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. . 265 de 7,662 fr; 53-.-qui se trouve par conséquent trop élevé de 4,354 fr. 29.; ; :'-;.:: ; Y :''"' ' ■■'-■'' — Y^V^ D'un autre côte lés travaux de fédification de la même route dans là côte Saunard, pour lesquels les terrains avaient été, acquis en 4870, n'ont été commencés qu'en 4874 et n'étaient pas terminés à la fin de l'année. Or,le créditde 13,500 fr. alloué en 1871 complétait avec celui de 4898 fr. 74 de 4870 le montant total de la dépense autorisée de 48,398 fr. 74, lequel sera exactement atteint sans être dépassé, Dès lors aucun nouveau crédit n'a été alloué sur. 1872,; et comme les travaux s'exé^cutent enrégie, -nous nous trouvons danslà nécessité: de les suspendre jùsqu'àl'approbation du report des fonds libres de 4874 sur 4872, laquelle n'est ordinairement notifiée; qu'à la fin de l'année. '■■',■ Pour obvier à cet inconvénient, nous pensons qu'il convient de proposer, au Conseil général dans sa Session du mois d'avril courant d'opérer les virements; ci-après dans lés "Crédits de 1874 et4872::;., ;-:,. ■ ;:;;.;-.:" ','Y'YJ.-::Budgtiie.i872: :. :Y /,.: , ' Y" ■~ " " '' r"" "" ' ' ." " -_-..-■■■-. '..'--.". '* Crédits AugmentaJjimiriu".' Crédita '-"*'■ primitifs// lion. lion, -r -..} reciifiés. T^prfïfi ffitî CX PtitT*p ■ ' FlireyefBernécourt.. 7.662f53 : »^ 4.354f 29 6.341f 24 : Rectification de la côte Saunard....... » 4.351*29■■■ >;:Y 1.351f29 -''; TOTAUX ... 7.662?531.3541294.354*29 7.662f 53 Ces virements permettraient dé, poursuivre et ;d;achever sans interruptiotilés travaux de rectification de la côté Saunard. S'ils sont soumis trop tard au Conseil général pour que cette assemblée puisse encore Statuer en ce qui concerne l'exercice 4874, nous demandons subsidiairemènt qu'elle veuille, bien décider que le crédit de. 7,662 fr. 53 alloué sur l'exercice 4872 pour la rectification des côtes de Flirey et dé Bernécourt sera réduit à 6,344* fr. 24, et que Vexcédant de 4,354 fr. 29 '.: 4iJ72. ' ■ . "'■ 48 266 SÉANCE bu 45 AVRIL. sera affecté à la rectification de là côte Saunard, une portion égale des fonds libres de 4874 devant être annulée au lieu d'être reportée sur 1872.' _, '■;.'■' Nancy, le. 8: avril 4872. , Signé :,Bizalion. Vu ;ëtproposé, ... Nancy, le 41 avril 1872, " , L'Ingénieur en chef, ,; Y-, '' Signé : Dilschneider. , RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. La Commission des voies de communication a l'honneur de vous proposer la délibération, suivante : Le'Conseil général adopte lé virement suivant : Le crédit de 7,662 fr.. 53 volé sur l'exercice 4872, en totalité, pour lés travaux de rectification des côtes de Flirey sur la route départementale n° 3, sera diminué de 4,354 fr. 29, lesquels seront alloués pour continuer lès travaux de la côte Saunard en cours d'exécution sur la même route. ■DÉLIBÉRATION.. ' ., Les conclusions de la commission sont adoptées. M. .D'HAMONVILLE, au nom de. la commission d'agriculture lit un l'apport sur le projet d'exécution d'une carte du départeifnent... . . -: ' " .... VOEU. « Les soussignés émettent lé voeu qu'une" Çartè*départementale, extraite de la carte de France du ministère de la guerre: soit exécutée. T> Y Signé :; É. Cournault, d'Hamoiiyirie %. de : Ladoucette, dé Lambel, P. Miçhaut. SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. .-' 267 RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. La commission d'agriculture, saisie du voeu dont je viens de vous donner lecture, Messieurs, pour les motifs décisifs d'actualité et d'utilité, qu'il paraît inutile de vous'développer, conclut enprincipe à l'adoption de Ce voeu et vous la propose. Mais, comme la question demande une étude approfondie: au point de vue de l'exécution et de la dépense à laquelle le Conseil généraln'a plus le loisir dé se livrer, elle vous proposé de charger la commission départementale, d'étudier là question, de la résoudre et de la faire exécuter au mieux des intérêts du département. DÉLIBÉRATION. ■ M. VARROV pense»que si l'on obtenait pour le département des cartes du service de la guerre au prix réduit accordé à certaines catégories d'officiers, ce serait peut-être la véritable solution de la question. À cette échelle dul/80,000 on obtiendrait des cartes du département à bon marché dont on pourrait pourvoir toutes les écoles primaires^ Pour l'usage habituel, il -serait peut-être préférable d'éditer une carte à l'échelle de 4/200,000 qui serait plus commode. La commission départementale appréciera. Sûr l'observation de M. DE LADOUCETTE qu'il serait à désirer que les cartes pussent indiquer les chemins, les modifications de frontière, etc., M. le Préfet rappelle que il. l'âgent-voyer en chef,d'Une part, et M. l'ingénieur en chef des ponts" et chaussées, d'autre part, s'occupent de l'étude-de la carte du département, et il demande; si le Conseil entend engager immédiate:menf une dépense.: y. ...Si le Conseil général, dit, M. DE LAMBEL au nom dé la, commission départementale, entend simplement confier l'étude de la question à çette^ commission, elle .s'en chargera volontiers ; -mais; elle déclinerait la mission, si elle devait aboutir à un emploi de fonds. , --.:;,. ', ; M. RoLLiN proposé ; d'ajourner la question. Il a été proposé de procéder à une étude générale de révision du classement de tous les chemins et routes du département : n'y aurait-irpas lieu, dans la situation, d'ajourner la question? './ .. Après diverses observations, les conclusions de la commission réduites aux études seules, -sont .adoptées. 268 -■-..' .;.'' SÉANCE DU 15 AVRIL."Y M. DuvAûx, au nom de là commission d'administration, lit «n rapport sur deux voeux relatifs à la gratuité et à l'obligation de l'instruction primaire. .-.'.-' RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. Y.Y; Y Votre.commission d'administration a été chargée d'examiner le voeil suivant déposé par MM. Comonj: NobIet,.Petitbienj;Çosson, comté Molitor, Féfvel, Denis,. Tourtel et Duvâux: ;, « ; Le Conseil général émet le yoeu-." que l'instruction. primaire « soit rendue obligatoire et gratuite..'■»■"•'■'■ .-... Elle à été également chargée, de l'examen d'un autre: voeu déposé-par MM. Offel,/ GournaulV Jules Fayon, Félix F-ayon,: RoLlin, .Gabriel Michaud, Gourier ,et de Ladoucette, et: ainsi conçu: ■.-'. ';,;;-; : JY '" -.'."'. « Les soussignés prient le. Conseil général d'émettre le voeu «-que finstructioû primaire soit rendue obligatoire. » .-' : ;' ; ■■:-, Votre:; çQFnmission::a: considéré;;comme superflu de faire sur ces deux.;'voeux un, double rapport, le second se confondant complètement àvecla. première partie du premier, et lesargurnentsd'un second rapport ne pouvant■êtrev:que la répétition de ceux que nous: examinerons : dans le premier : Votre commission espère que les; signataires du voeu voudront bien accepter/cette décision. :";"; MESSIEURS, ' . : ;--'*Y, ';-;; ,-'-'-' Dans votre séance du 42 novembre 4874, vous avez,"sur la " proposition,dé votre commission ^d'administration émis le vcéu -suivant:': Y" '/-v Y'.n ."•'.'■•;_ ';:'.;;Y-:." " :/...-"; « Le Conseil général; de Meurthe-êt-Moselïê émet lé-voeu que «l'instructièn primaire soit renaue obligatoire pour tous 5, et « que les conseils municipaux à qui est confié le soin de fixer « là listé dès enfants admis à ta gratuité, dispensent de la ré; «■' tribution scolaire, non-seulement les indigents, mais encore «les pères de famillequi hé pourraient racquittér sans gêné. » C'est ce voeu,;Messieurs, que votre commission vient aujouf aujoufvous prier dé renouveler, .mais, en retendant ; et en; y Comprenantlà gratuité absolue. Votre commission n'ignore pas que Ia;réalisationdé;cèvo3U rencontrera de sérieuses difficultés ; ; mais elle a.pensé, qu'il -ne lui appartenait pasde les trancher, ■éf que, renierméê dans les limités étroites d'un, voeu, elle devait réserver tout entière à l'action du législateur l'étude dès détails et moyens d'exécution. Toutefois, Messieurs, la pensée de soumettre & votre âpprô '"*.' SÉANCE bu 45 AVRIL. ' ' . ' , 2é9 bation un voeu qui ne serait que rémission d'un principe stérile, d'une utopie irréalisable > n'a pu entrer dans l'esprit de votre commission, et elle nî'a chargé d'examiner devant vous les principales objections quf semblent combattre le double principe de l'obligation et dé la gratuité. C'est.pour cet examen que j'ai l'honneur de réclamer de vous quelques instants d'attention.' . — .■".-■ L'obligation de l'instruction primaire est une dès plus importantes parmi les questions multiples qui s'agitent aujourd'hui; et cette importance est surabondamment prouvée par l'ardeur avec laquelle elle est réclamée et l'ardeur non moins grande aveclaquelle elle est; répoussée.. La première, objection Contre le système de-l'obligation repose sur une prétenduelimitation de l'autorité paternelle. Votre commission ne pense: pas devoir insister" beaucoup .-.sur. cette objection. S'il y a eh face de to.usdroits de justes devoirs, il y a pour toute liberté des entraves légitimes ;.. la loi n'a pas craint de restreindreles droits de tous en vue d'intérêts, matériels ; et si pour causè"d'util.ité publique, on peut à bon droit forcer un citoyen à recevoir une indemnité. qui souvent lui est inutile en échange d'une propriété à.laquelle se rattachent les souvenirs les plus chers et .les''plussacrés, qui se refusera à admettre que la loi, qui force le père à pourvoir à la nourriture de ses enfants, qui dispose même en faveur du mineur contre le désordre ou l'incurie des parents, peut être autorisée à faire pour le patrimoine moral dé l'enfant ce qu'elle fait pour-son patrimoine matériel ? Il n'y a donc pas dans le principe d'obligation qui nous occupe, atteinte à la;liberté dû père de famille;' il y a, pour ceux" qui les " oublient ou les ignorent, un juste rappel des devoirs qu'imposent à tous ce sacerdoce sacré, qui s'appelle la paternité. Dira-rt-ôn que la liberté de conscience est atteinte par l'obligation ? Cette objection, plus délicate à traiter, ne nous paraît pourtant pas plus difficile à réfuter, car elle ne repose: que sur une confusion. Il ne s'agit pas en effet de forcer l'enfant à fréquenter telle ou telle école, mais à fréquenter l'école, une école quelconque ; il peut même, s'il le veut, recevoir l'instruction chez lui : Ce que veulent les partisans de l'obligation, c'est que les enfants s'instruisent. Sans doute, Une objection nouvelle se présenté. Que devient cette liberté de choix dans les communes si nombreuses où il n'y a qu'une école?; Nous répondons que toutesles écoles sont bonnes, si elles sont bien dirigées ; que, laïques ou congrègani'stesj nous les acceptons toutes, à là condition toutefois que l'école ne sera pas l'église, qu'on n'y enseignera que ce que les enfants de tous les cultes doivent savoir ; que les instituteurs, quels qu'ils soient, se renfermeront dans le cercle des matières d'enseignement, laissant aux minis 270 '■--..;; . SÉA4SGE.-DU-15 AVBfLV.. "■*-".'.'• '■' , très des; divers Jéultes l'éxph^atioiidu dogme ; fous y gagneront, maîtres^ ministres -et; élèves.Quant àYoéf enseignement; moiral que le maître,/ sll est ; digne: de ce ; nom,'doit incessamment: ar* rétèr à rensëignement,|)édàgogique, à-.Ces;notions d'honnêteté, déloyauté;' de patriotisme qui doivent faire le; fond ;del'éducaÊ<m première, et ; qu'à toute ; heure, en toute occasion, il faut, présenter àl'esprit et à la conscience naissante de l'enfant,,; hé pensez' voûspàSj Messieurs;, que c'estlairé aux maîtres; laïques. une ^injuregratuite que" dé: supposer que cet enseignement moral hé:peut être puisé; :quë dans les; écoles-congréganistes^; que-dé Se réfuser'a âdmettïe que si cet -enseignement prend, <eh tombant de la chaire Chrétienne, une autorité plus grande;, à * l'école,' unmaître honnête: et pénétré'dé ses devoirs,: peut : et .'. doit, quelque robe qu'il porte,' fairë-des écoliers honnêtes?;: Y Ylnvéquêrà-t-onl'ijhpossibte fréquenter l'école,x par l'absence: bu Péloighemént de eëtte école? Ici, : Messieurs,. Fobhgâtion ^arrête forcémôh|; devant TimpossibleJ et s'il était permis à votre rapporteur de pénétrer sur un domaine qui n'est pas: le sien; il invoquerait le vieil axiome de droit summum ' lus sujmna ïnjmia cMals ici.encore,: l'obligation sera un bien: fàft."L'Ëtat,-ien s'arrogeant un;: droit,, accepte tous lesdevoirs qui ^correspondent; et duloùr-bu 11 aura; imposé-a tous l'obligation de "fréquenter l'école^, il sera tenu d'en; fournir à tous les moyens ; et des/pâys, presque entièrement déshérités, d'é. d'é. rapidement sous la pression, dé la loi obligatoire'. Lés communes; joignant leur action à eëlle; de' f Etat, travailleront à ces bienfaisantes: constf uetions^ • et partout,, au-prix dé quelques sacrifices, on verra Surgirdies.écoles nouvelles.' Et d'ailleurs la loi y a pourvu déjà; La loi du 15:mars:4850, le règlement du 29ijuiiet de la"même année, obligent; les communes, le département et l/Etàt à créer des écoles. D'où résulte cette; étrange anomalie, que l'enseignement,; oblipitoiré en fait : pour l'Etat, les" : départemenfe et les commùnesY.n'est:resfê facultatif que pour ■ .celui-là qui.doitfle plus, im-niédïatement en profiter, ' pour l'enfant et le père de fa: fa: -.':"-.-.. ' ' " :'..:-,:"' ." ;.. -:, " Y,:.Y "-'■ ■' Nous arrêterons-nous; enfin;»: Cette considération d'un rapport célèbre,(1),. que cette multiplication des écoles oréèrala nécessité:d'une armée d'instituteurs, dlnstitutrices,; d'inspecteurs, été'.? Ces armées-ïà, Messieurs, neles redoutons, pas.;rce sont les bonnes, ce: sont celles qui .nous: coûteront:le moins et ^nous rapportefqhs le plus. ;: "---'Y Y-;; Y Nous'croirions j-Messieurs, abuser" inutilement des instants -du Conseil en insistant sur;cês considérations ;:;et,;fôrte de: votre vote du 42; novembre, persuadée que vous êtes tous comme (ï)Rappôrt de M, lecomtë Beûgndt, dii 6 octobrei%lf. Y Y-'..,, SÉANCE DU 4 5. AVRIL. ... 271 elle convaincus de l'utilité de ce. principe obligatoire,qui,.en préparant à l'avenir des générations éclairées, aurà-dés aujourd'hui cet avantage dé réprimer par la fréquentation de l'école, le , vagabondage et la mendicité qui affligent les rues dé nos villes et alimentent la justice criminelle, votre commission vous propose avec confiance d'émettre un voeu en faveur del'instruction obligatoire,• en laissant' au législateur lé soin de .pourvoir aux moyens d'exécution, aux dispositions pénales qui:'sanctionner ront la loi, et surtout aux justes .tempéraments; que; toute législation équitable doit apporter aux obligations qu'elle édicté. ; Nous arrivons à la: gratuité; Ici votre rapporteur a le regret de ne plus parler qu'au nom de la majorité, n'ayant pas trouvé dansla commission pour cette seconde partie dé la question l'unanimité qu'il avait rencontrée pour la première,. La gratuité aurait pour premier avantage de supprimer entre les enfants d'une même école cette distinction, cette hiérarchie fâcheuse établie entre ceux qui paient et ceux qui ne paient pas: Dans nos lycées, dans les écoles du gouvernement, les bourses données soif au mérite et au rang d'admission, soit en raison de services rendus par les parents, constituent pour les .bour-siers bien moins Une infériorité qu'une sorte d'aristocratie : Cela ne devrait pas être, mais cela est. Il n'en est pas de même dans nos écoles primaires -l'enfant qui paie regarde de haut le fils de prolétaire qui ne paie pas ; etsi heureusenient, le nombre est restreint des communes ou l'école communale est divisée en deux classes, l'une des payants, dirigée parl'instituteur , l'autre, des gratuits, confiée a; un adjoint , dans toute cette distinction blessante et injuste, existe un ..'..grand' dommage de l'éducation morale. Sans doute, il ne, faut pas rougir delà pau 272 SÉANCE DU 15 AVRIL. .. vfete quand elle ne tient pas à la paresse et I l'inconduite ;• sans doute 11 se faut pas s'enorgueillir dé là. richesse,, mais dévonsnous espérer" à l'école et: chez des enfants lé détachement:d'un préjugé.si profondément -enraciné dans là , société et chez les hommes ?. Mettonssur lés mêmes bancs le fils du riche etiefils du pauvre, mais qu'ils y soient égaux; et qu'il n-y ait entre eux que la distinction, légitimement fondée sur le travail, la conduite, et l'intelligence.;. ": ""'"r„ • = :■ Mais cette gratuité, nous dit-on, frève l'Etat "d'un nombre considérable de millions, et d'ailleurs il est juste que celui qui peut payer, paie ; et on invoque à là fois le devoir vdu père, dé fournir à l'éducation de son fils, et là; douceur* qui s'attache au devoir accompli. Rien de plus juste, -Messieurs -i aussi n'âvonsnous l'intention ni, de grever l'Etat, ni d'enlever au père l'obligation et la douceur' d'accomplir son devoir. Là loi du lômars 4850, qui n'est' pourtant pas une bonne loi, a toutefois quelques bons articles, et avant tout, l'article 36 | 3, qui permet aux communes d'établir chez elles la gratuité absolue, pourvu qu'elles Se chargent de la dépense. Or, Messieurs; ce que nous Souhaitons, c'est que toutes les communes soient tenues dé faire ce qui leur; a été laissé à titre facultatif, et que, pour celles qui nëlêpourraient pas, la solidarité de toutes permette lé fonctionnement d'un système d'où doit: sortir le bien. ■' ■ II; est Un point sur lequel tout le monde est d'accord ; c'est <pie l'ignorance est un mal, l'instruction un bienfait. Or, Messieurs, vouslêsavezj il n'y a dans là société aucun bien, aucun. mal isolé: le mal individuel pesé sur tous ; l'amélioration de l'individu contribue à l'amélioration de tous ; l'enfant instruit fera plus tard le citoyen utile, et "si vous voulez bien-nbuSr permettre une .citation, nous -vous rappellerons avec M. Michel Chevalier, que « l'accroissement dé puissance productive chez, le .citoyen.instruit fait, des dépenses relatives à l'instruction, des placements à très-gros'intérêts": » (Sénat,22 juillet 4867.) Dès lors, n'est-il pas équitable que tous acceptent dans une juste proportion leur part contributive à ce qui constitue un avantage générai. Onl'a dit avec raison : « Il "faut que le pays se pénètre » bien de cette vérité que l'argent dépensé pour les écoleSsera » épargné pour les; prisons.: » Toute l'amélioration sociale est là. Qui donc: alors peut:'revendiquer:gratuitement sa part dans un pareil bienfait ? La faculté, donnée aux communes par l'article , 36 est excellente surtout en ce qu'elle contribue à leur donner ùttè part d'autonomie ; il ne faut pas qu'elles hésitent à développer cette autonomie, même au prix de quelques sacrifices. Il est bien entendu que, dans la pensée de votre commission, l'Etat, par des subventions qui, nous l'espérons, deviendront de plus eh plus larges; suppléera à l'insuffisahee de ressources • SÉANCE DU 15 AVRIL. 273 des communes lés plus nécessiteuses, ou à la disproportion peu équitable qu'un système de contributions exclusivement locales créerait au préjudice dés communes qui ne comptent qu'un nombre restreint d'habitants. En conséquence, votre commission à--l'honneur de vous proposer d'appuyerle voeu déposé par neuf de vos collègues : « Le Conseil général, émet le voeu que l'instruction primaire » soit rendue 'obligatoire et "gratuite. ». DELIBERATION. M. DE LAMBEL a la parole. Il commence par j-emercier M. Duvaux d'avoir proclamé dans son rapport que tous reconnaissent ici quel'ignorance est un mal, et l'instruction un bien: il le dispense ainsi de protester de nouveau, comme il l'a fait au mois de novembre, dé: son chaleureux dévouement pour la diffusion de l'instruction, dévouement qu'il a prouvé-depuis longtemps par ses actes. :.-/; ■■•;'.. Le voeu peut se diviser en deux parties : Ie l'obligation, 2° la gratuité absolue.: M. de Lambel laissera à d'autres collègues le soin de traiterla gratuité ; il ne l'eût abordée que si .l'admission' aux écoles de tous les enfants dont les parents seraient gênés pour payer la rétribution était contestée ;, mais hèureument celte admission est acceptée par tout le monde. Quant à l'obligation entraînant une pénalité quelconque, il la "repousse énergiquement comme attentatoire aux droits delà conscience, à la liberté en', général, et en particulier à celle du foyer domestique. Il la repousse comme vexatoire et, subsidiairemênt, comme inefficace. Elle n'atteindra pas les vagabonds, ni les enfants privés d'écoles suffisantes, ou à leur/portée, et ces; deux catégories forment une partie notable des enfants qui ne suivent pasles classes, y Quant aux enfants, dont les parents sont trop pauvres pour 274 SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. •'" . ' " pouvoir :,se priver de leur travail, ce n'est pas-une amende,qui les attirera aux-,écoles, ce sont des bienfaits. Qu'on charge les délégations cantonales de.les rechercher, d'agir par voie de persuasion, et de secours, M. de Lambel sera le premier " à, voter cette,amélioration qu'il appelle de tous ses voeux. .-'■-,. Enfin, il y.;a des enfants qui ne ; fréquentent pas les écoles, parce que les.parents, 1 prenantçonseil; de leur conscience, trouvent, que l'éducation dè.leurs enfants est en péril dans ces écoles. M. dé Lambel parle ici en général et sans distinction, aucune entre lesécoles laïques et çôngréganistes. Eh bien,.pour ceux-là .l)obligatioh deviendrait une odieuse tyrannie .et conduirait aux plus désastreuses conséquences. ; La loi,, d'ailleurs, serait, inefficace, parce que les:pénalités ne. seraient pas; appliquées par les tribunaux honorables : auxquels on confierait cette; mission et qui en déclinéraientla responsabilité ; et si, par impossible, ces, tribunaux consentaient à, se charger d'appliquer la loi, , ils, se heurteraient contre une nouvelle impossibilité,;.celle de, faire payer les amendes. En ■"'effet, nous l'avons dit, en dehors de la dernière catégorie que nous venons d'ètàbli-iY les .récalcitrants qui refuseront d'envoyer leurs enfants à l'école seront, hélas ! lés pauvres, elles pauvres n'ont pas d'argent pour payer les amendes. Si l'amende.est remplacée.par. des-journées de travail, on recule la difficulté sans là vaincre, Car pendant que le pauvre travaillera pour acquitter ses journées de prestations pénales, il faudra nourrir sa femhie -et ses enfants pour qu'ils ne meurent pas de faim. '■■■ : ;'■'■'■■' ■-., ■'.'"."■ Après avoir, cité plusieurs passages d'auteurs autorisés et s'être: livré.àquelques.autres,considérations, M, DE LAMBEL terminepâr cette; .réflexion ■: lesriches>: les hommes aises coimprennentl'utilité de l'instruction, le principe de l'obligation ne les frappera pas ; mais les conséquences delà loi future, ^c'està-dire lés pénalités : frapperont les ouvriers, lès pauvres, ceux, qui vivent du travail dé leurs mains, c'ést-à-dire surtout ceux qui.ont besoin d'être aidés, éclairés, persuadés, et contre lesquels il faut bien se garder d'édicter de; nouvelles pénalités, Y. M,DUVAUX s'excuse d?avoir à subir:la nécessité subie déjà -par 'M'.' deLambel, de ne présenter au Conseil général que-des considérations: déjà émises à la: session: de novembre. M. DE : LAMBEL invoque contre le : .principe, d'obligation la liberté du père de famille; forcera-t-on à-fréquenterl'école les enfantsque leur état de santé ou l'éloignement en.écartent? M. Duvaux ne peut s'expliquer cette; objection,, puisque jamais pareille exigence n'est entrée dans la pensée: de la commission. L'enfant-malade est de: droit dispensé ; quant à ceux; qui sont trop éloignés des écoles", la commissiona: également prévu l'objection, et a bien entendu remettre l'application complète SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL, 275 de la loi' au jour.où des écoles se seronfpartout élevées, résultat auquel: contribuera puissamment l'établissement: dé l'obligation; Y-, . Y -.;-'•: '-. La pénalité que sanctionnera la loi :n'à rien: non plus qui doive effrayer M. de Lambel :,1L ne faut pas s'exagérer cette sanction pénale et ses 'rigueurs ;. quelques mesures sages et efficaces,: comme interdiction des droits électoraux, suppression, des recours: donnés par les bureaux de bienfaisàhce, maintien sous les drapeaux des illettrés,. et autres mesures de ce. genre rendront inutiles l'inter^'ention. de l'amende, delà prison et des gendarmes. D'ailleurs la crainte: seule de l'application possible des peinesédictées; suffira à empêcher les contraventions. Les vagabonds échappent, dit M. de Lambel, MDuvauxle reconnaîtj mais peut-^on espérer .une; action complète • sur; eux ? Et si l'on réussit à en sauver la moitié, le tiers, le quart, n'aura-l-iôn-'pas atteint un résultat heureux? On dit que la loi serait inefficace, puisque l'amende infligée à des indigents ne pourrait être payée-par eux. Mais il eh est de: même pour tous les autres cas ;'faut-il donc supprimer de la loil'amendej.parce que quelques-uns ne pourrontla payer? ' La commission d'ailleurs ne réclame pas l'application,immé*diate de la loi obligatoire ; le principe, s'il est admis, sera un stimulant puissant pour amener l'application facile de la loi. M.; DUVAUX ne veut pas porter la discussion sur la question de la liberté de conscience, puisque M. de Lambel a paru désirer l'écarter : Il tient seulement à déclarer que dans la pensée de là commission, la loi obligatoire ne porte aucune atteinte à la liberté de conscience. ; -M. Duvaux termine eiï citant un faitjqui lui paraît significatif. Il a visité, à titre de délégué cantonal, les écoles, çôngréganistes de quelques communes ; clans toutes, lés religieuses lui ont déclaré que, dansleur opinion, tant que l'assiduité des enfants ne serait pas obligatoire, leur enseignement serait peu fructueux. M. P. MiGHAUT, dans la discussion quia eulièu à la dernière session, s'est rallié au principe de l'obligation et l'a voté malgré les dangers. et. lés ' inconvénients, signalés : par M. de Lambel. Aujourd'hui il votera dans; un sens, opposé ;Tobligation aura des avantages, mais elle peut présenter les -périls les plus graves, si une liberté absolue n'est point laissée aux familles et aux populations de choisir : les hommes chargésdé l'éducation des enfants. Or; dansl'état actuel des choses, il faut tenir compte des institutions qui régissent notre enseignement, et.il est effrayé: des tendances de l'administration de l'instruction publique, Contre lesquelles ne le rassurent pas suffisamment l'esprit; libéral de l'administration préfectorale actuelle: et celui du conseil académique. Dans ces conditions, et sans s'engager .pour l'avènfr, il votera contre le :prin;cipe;de l'obligation. 276 SÉANCE DU 15 AVRIL. M. COURNAULT, à la suite de ces diverses considérations, exprime l'opinion, que la question est suffisamment étudiée ; il demande la clôture en proposant la^division du vote sur les deux questions en discussion;. Y Après quelques observations de M. CHEVANDIER contrôlaproposition qui précède, la clôture est repoussée. -'-•...' • Y M. MATHIS prend la parole : il demande si véritablement l'application du principe de. l'obligation "est possible. Gomment fonctionneront les inspecteurs qui devront s'assurer que lès enfants reçoivent l'instruction-.-?: Quelle sera l'autorité locale chargée de les accompagner dans leur contrôle? Priverat-onles familles pauvres du concours nécessaire: de leurs enfants ? s'-im-^ miscèrà-t-on dans la famille au milieu dé laquelle une mère s'est résignée, à être institutrice ? Tout cela est impossible en pratiqué; de telles mesures sont inadmissibles et deviendraient "tyranniques ; nous vivons dans un, payslibre," conservons le mérite de nos institutions. : ■ " Laloi nouvelle, réplique M,, DE-LADOUCETTE, ne: sera ni despotique,ni attentatoire à la liberté. En Allemagne,, le père d'un enfant inexact, à l'école comparaît devant une commission et tout se borne là, ordinairement ; il est bien rare, que les; faits soient portés jusqu'aux magistrats, la justice n'intervient que dans les cas de vagabondage. Il est bien entendu que les excuses prévues, par la loi seront très-larges, cette loi qui établira l'obligation donnera sous le rapport de la liberté toutes sortes de garanties. Quant à la gratuité, il en croit-le principe bon, mais les détails d'exécution sont importants, et il voudrait réserver lés voies et moyens. La gratuité absolue n'existe nulle part. . ; M. DUVAUX, répondant à M. Mathis,. rappelle que l'obligation existe chez les peuples les plus libres, la Suisse, l'Amérique, etc. Ces peuples s'en trouvent bien. On pourrait citer; certains cantons de la Suisse dans lesquels, on ne trouve point d'ignorants. IJhe expérience récente nous apprend que dans les communes annexées la crainte seule dé la pénalité rend lés enfants assidus à l'école, Sans {qu'aucune pénalité soit appliquée. Dans les communes restées françaises, on constate; au contraire la même indifférence que par le passé. ;, N'avons-nous -pas lu tous les réflexions douloureuses d'un habitant dé Mulhouse, qui constate que l'Alsace doit à la perte de sa nationalité d'avoir conquis l'instruction obligatoire qu'elle demandait depuis si longtemps.? Quant à la gratuité, tout lé monde paiera par l'impôt ;. si le principe est bienfaisant, n'hésitons point à le poser. L'examen nous obligera; bien ensuite à trouver et à corrigerles difficultés d'exécution. M. DÉ LAMBEL ne peut point accepter que les résultats soient SÉANCE bu 45 .AVRIL. 277 si brillants qu'on le prétend, dans les pays où règne l'obligation. Il cite des chiffres desquels il résulte que'dans la province de Prussela moyenne des conscrits illettrés est plus considérable qu'en France. Eh Amérique, les opinions sont loin d'être unanimes surle mérite de ^obligation, tant s'en faut, En Autriche, l'inefficacité du même principe n'est que trop réelle, . ■ " -; Enfin en Alsace, avant les derniers événements, les statistiques établissaient que les écoles y étaient plus fréquentées que, dans le duché de Bade.' MCHEVANDIER regrette que M, de Lambel ait été chercher dés arguments dans la province de Prusse qui est une dès plus arriérées de l'Allemagne: l'argument ne porte point. lia vu luimême, il constate, tous les jours les conséquences de l'obligation dans les communes annexées, la crainte de la loi suffit pour assurer la fréquentation dé l'école. Nous reconnaissons tous la nécessité de changer notre loi militaire, eh bien, nous le savons, l'instruction moyenne des Allemands est supérieure àla nôtre, et puisque l'instruction des militaires est une cause de force pour une armée, n'attendons pas une seconde expérience pour changer notre loi surl'instruction primaire. M. DE LAMBEL proteste contre les allegations.de M. Chevandier, Un militaire distingué lui tenait le discours suivant : Je suis partisan de l'instruction obligatoire, et cependant j'ai rencontré des ignorants qui étaient d'excellents soldats, et des gens instruits qui faisaient des militaires fort médiocres. C'est beaucoup plus la discipline qui nous fait défaut, que l'instruction. Corrigeons et fortifions chez nous l'éducation, c'est là que nous trouverons le remède au mal. Après ces diverses observations, la clôture est mise aux voix et adoptée. Les conclusions de la commission sont divisées : 4° Les conclusions relatives à l'instruction primaire obligatoire sont mises aux voix et adoptées à la majorité de 22.voix contre4. " M. LÉ PRÉSIDENT fait observer que M. Offél, qui n'assisté point à la séance avait signé le voâu relatif à l'obligation. : 2° Les conclusions relatives au principe''del'instruction primaire gratuité sont rejetées. :M. D'HAMONVILLE au nom dé la commission d'agriculture, lit un rapport sur un voeu ayant pour objet d'autoriser les Conseils municipaux à interdire l'accès des prairies aux animaux de toutes catégories, .'■■". 27^: , SÉANCE .b'U 16 -AVRIL. : :' YRiypPOJlT Ï)E LA COMMISSION. Lé Conseil général, après avoir adopté dans sa session actuelle le voeu que les Conseils municipaux fussent autorisés, paï la loi,à interdire fàceès des prairies aux moutons: etâùx; chèvres a renvoyé à la commission d'agriculture un amendement tendant à étendre : cette possibilité d'interdiction à, tous iës: ariimaux, ,:. ,;..:. ■■.'.'■'-_■•'. ;:; '.'.,--...Y-Y:^: '•/■'■■ ■■' ;-,;Y -'-.' '-'Y'-:■■/■■■: Votre commission, Messieurs;: ;. ; Gonsidêrant :que les Conseils municipaux Sont, les meilleurs •juges des: intérêts.dés communes-iqu'ils représentent ;'-vous;pro-' pose l'adoption de I-amendement suivante. Y « La faculté accordée-aux: Conseils .municipaux d'interdire le pacagé dés prairies; aux aihmaux. des -espèces ovines et caprines pourra s'étendre au animaux de toute espèce, » Y : r DÉLIBÉRATION'; ':..-"--;; -'f':".": " Les conclusions sont adoptées.».-; -■'■;'.;:■'"■:-.-: '..Y.'Y La,séance est suspendue à 14 héufes .3/4, elle est reprise à iheure 4:/2;.;.;Y. ;,:y ..,.yy -,.Y: . - ., M. -LE PRÉSIDENT,expose,que, d'après la, déclaration;dë qùel,_ quës-uhs des membres duConseil, il y. aurait ieu; malentendu sur le;,vote relatif à la,gratuité de l'instruction:primaire, La ..cbmmlssfom entendait bien réserver les moyens d'exçeutiph,: et çlusieurs':membrèS. ont voté-sans .que cette: réserve,! qui n'était peut-être point:assèz^iexplicile dans les,.conclusions delà cohir-. mission, fût comprisei par eux. y .';.% a: été déposé um VCEU ainsi, .conçu::,« Les soussignés;de» mandent au Conseil,d'émettre le voett,de la gratuité,;spusla Y?-réserve lie l'étude dé la .question des voies: et ;méyens,. et;, au r besoin,, demandent l'urgent de Ladoucette,. Duvaux", Chevandier de Valdrpme. Il appartient au Conseil d'examiner's'il"y à lieu de déclarer l'urgence,. L'urgence mise aux voie est adoptée. .' , M. MATHÏSDE. GRANDSEILLE, dans: le. but de rallier tout le mondey proposerait;de déclafer que l'instruction sera gratuite pour tous ceux quiéh Ont besoin, y.-Y, ■ -, y M. ÏCOSSON trouvé l'expression du voeu plus large et en demande lé maintien. . ;■■-■..".'.;.. SÉANCE"DU 15 AVRIL. .. 279 Ml DE LAMBEL rappelle ah Conseil'cômbieh Pétât actuel des choses est déjà satisfaisant au point de vue delà gratuité. Il ne hé Croit pasqu'il y ait lieu de demander davantage. Dans chaque commune le maire et le curé dressent la liste des enfants appartenant à des familles qui ne peuvent payer les écolages'; cette liste est soumise au contrôle du Conseil municipal et enfin approuvée par M. "le-Préfet. y.". M, CHEVANDIER dit que pour lui le principe de la gratuité consiste, dans un tènips donné, à assurer l'égalité dé tous les enfants dans leurs titres d'admission à l'école. M. MATHIS demande que l'on ne revienne passur le vote émis au commencement, de la séance. "y Y M. DÉBUISSON rappelle qu'à la dernière session il à proposé le voeu delà gratuité «sous la réserve des voies et moyens. » Le voeu a été repoussé et l'orateur a voté contre les conclusions du rapport qui reproduisait incomplètement cette réserve et contenait d'ailleurs Certaines considérations qu'il ne pouvait accepter; Le voeu repoussé l'an denrier serait peut-être accepté cette fois ; seulement il y a là une question jugée, et il ne maintiendra sa signature au bas de l'amendement qu'autant que les membres qui ;ont pris part" à la discussion ne s'opposeront pas . à-la miseaux voix. '.':'?."'. MCôssoN fait observer que la réserve des voies et moyens est entendue danslè sens le plus large, dé façon à"obtenir-qu'il ii'y ait plus de distinctiond'enfants payant et non payant, ; M. DUVAUX ajoute que cette réservé était comprise dans là pensée de la commission.. Il est déposé un autre amendement portant, « que la gratuité » soit accordée à tous ceux qui la demanderont, ;) ont signé : MM. Collard, Gourier, Mathis, d'Hamonville,, / ? . ."';"'"'.". " M. COLLARD déclare qu'il à voté contre la gratuité, quoique partisan du système dé l'accorder à ceux qui la méritent ; mais ce n'est pas ainsi qu'on procède dans sa commune où le maire et le curé s'arrêtent à un certain chiffre d'enfants qu'ils croient ne pas être autorisés à dépasser. Ce mode de procéder lui semble contraire,à la loi de 1850. II. ajouteyqu'il se range volontiers au;: yoeitqui précédé et crai lui semble être, un moyen de marr Cbér Sagementdànsla'voie de,ià gratuité. Y: Y ,>, . ? ?.. M, GÔLLÏN. reconnaît que le principe "de la gratuité est largement appliqué dans les communes, mais au préjudice des finances municipales qui. en ressentent .parfois lourderoentla charge. Si l'on,doit se montrer encore moins sévère,en matière; dè;disr pjnsé des. frais d'ëcolàge, croit-on que les communes pourront Subvenir à ce surcroît de dépense. . ' Y' ; ,M. CHEVANDIER répond que le département et l'État suppléent, le cas échéant, à l'insuffisance des ressources communales. M. LE PRÉFET complète cette observation en ajoutant que l'on .280, SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. ' , vient en aide? aux communes après épuisement des centimes spéciaux affectés à l'instruction publique. M. PETITBIEN pense que la première proposition qui a pour objet de réserver les voies et moyens est de nature à rassurer M, Collin sur les craintes qu'il a exprimées. • Après une discussion sur l'ordre de priorité des voeux proposés, il est décidé que celui présenté MM. Cosson, Débuissôn, etc. sera le premier mis aux'voix. Ce voeu, qui constitue par le fait un article additionnel, au vote précèdent est adopté, Y ; M; GOURIER, au nom de laycommission d'administration, lit un rapport concernant l'établissement d'une ligne télégraphique entre Lunéville et Sâint-Dié, "Y VOEU. "Les soussignés, Vu la délibératiohdû Conseil général en date du 48 novembre 1871, exprimant l'adhésion la plus complète au projet d'une ligne télégraphique de Lunéville à Saint-Dié, et le désir que les travaux d'établissement soient conduits activement:; ' ? ..?'■'-. Ekpriffient le voeu que le Conseil général confirme par un nouveau votel'importance qu'il attache à l'exécution trèsprompte d'une communication télégraphique entre Lunéville et Saiht-Dié."^ ■-..' -•■". ..-.--,?;: •.-■'.-,"'■'■ --;->., Signé ;: Chevandier de Valdrômé, Cosson, Denis, P. Miçhaut ; Y?. '.,.'-. . RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. ? Votre commission dans";le' court espace de temps quilui a été donné pour vous présenter son rapport n'a pas pu Se mettre en relation avec M. le directeur des lignes télégraphiques du département, pour lui demander où en était la question soulevée parle voeu émis dans votre précédente session. Elle vous; proposé donc'd'appuyer de Votre vote la proposition qui vous est faite et de prier ?M. le Préfet de presser autant qu'il sera en son pouvoir, l'établissement d'une communication télégraphique aussi importante. ' SÉANCE DU 45 AVRIL. . . 284 DÉLIBÉRATION. Les conclusions de la commission sont adoptées. M. GOURIER, au nom de la même commission, lit un rapport sur un changement de distribution dans les bureaux de la souspréfecture de Lunéville. RAPPORT DE M. LE PREFETJ'ail'honneur PREFETJ'ail'honneur vous soumettre, avec une copie de la délibération du Conseil d'arrondissement de Lunéville; et un rapport de M, l'architecte du département, le projet des travaux à effectuer pour changer la distribution des bureaux de la souspréfecture de Lunéville.. Y. Ces changements ont notamment pouf objet d'isoler les em-_ ployés du public ; d'abréger le trajet qu'ils ont à faire pour se rendre au -water-closet; de créer un cabinet de travail pourle chef dé bureau ; de placer sur la rue le cabinet de M." le SoUsPréfet ; enfin de convertir le cabinet actuel en une salle de commission. .. Le Conseil d'arrondissement appuie d'un avis favorable F exécution de ce projet estimé à 4,9.00 francs, mais M. Bottelin ne partage pas cet avis. Il pense que les facilités de service que M. le sous-préfet se promet seraient trop chèrement achetées tant en raison du chiffre assez élevé? de la dépense que de la nécessité où lé département, qui n'est que locataire de l'immeuble, pourrait se trouver de remettre en fin de bail les locaux occupés dans leur état primitif11 se demande dès lors si on ne pourrait pas se contenter de la création d'une sorte de tambour d'un mètre 40 centimètre de large sur 3 mètres de long, dans' lequel on : pénétrerait de la rue Sainte-Elisabeth, afin de ne pas entrer d'emblée dans les bureaux et si on ne pourrait pas placer le cabinet du chef des bureaux dans la salle des commissions. "'■'.■. 4872.. 49 282 ; SÉANCE :DU 45 AVRIL. ? Il vops appartient d'examiner, Messieurs, si Fexpédient indidiqué par l'arehiteçte du département remédierait suffisamment y aux inconvénients dont se plaint M. le sous-préfèt, ou s'il faut adopter les changements de distribution demandés itérativement par ce fonctionnaire, que le Conseil d'arrondissement considère comme nécessaires et urgents. Je serais assez de ce dernier avis, sauf à renoncer à la cage d'aisances qui ferait le plus fâcheux effet et qui ne semble pas : indispensable, puisque les employés n'ont actuellement qu'un trajet de 22 mètres à faire pour aller aux lieux situés dans la cour. Dans le cas où vous le jugeriez ainsi, vous pourriez approuver les travaux et en autoriser la mise, à exé?cution, sauf à inscrire ultérieurement la dépense au budget rectificatif del872. RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION. En présence des objections faites par M. l'architecte départemental, objections qui paraissent très-fondées, votre comimssion a pensé qu'elle ne pouvait admettre le projet qui lui est soumis. En outre, l'autorisation donnée par le propriétaire de l'immeuble lui a semblé trop vague pour être suffisante. Dans un cas -■ semblable il faudrait qu'elle fût mise au bas du devis . lui-même et que, de plus, le .propriétaire s'engageât à ne pas demander la remise des lieux dans leur état primitif lors de la cessation du bail. Votre commission vous propose donc de prier M. le Préfet de faire mettre,à l'étude par M.l'ai'chitecte du département, la construction du couloir dont il parle dans son rapport, pour donner accès au bureau actuel, des employés, " en y ajoutant la construction cloisonnée d'un cabinet -pour le chef de bureau dans la rétraite que produira dansla salle l'extrémité du couloir projeté, sans qu'il soit interdit de présenter au Conseil général tout autre étude qui pourrait être plus convenable. "' -■-..' DELIBERATION.
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Desperate Desmond jThe Villain Bribes a Turkish Bath Attendant to ByHershfield Keep Claude Eclaire Out of the Way. Claude Eclair, fattened beyond belief by his course of "Tiger Marrow Fat." toddles over the desert. He cannot proceed at much faster pace than a walk, but Desperate Desmond la equally handicapped, a ha had Incautiously drunk aoma of the aame remedy and la Jut an fat aa our hero. When Claude aeea a Turkish bath, he naturally heads for It, In (he hope of reducing: his weight, so that ha can flit mora lightly over the pawls. Claude's schema Is a good one, and If ha can get back to normal he seems bound to win out. WANT ADS Want ads received at any time, but to Insure proper classification must be l)reenteI before 12 o'clock m.. for Uia evening edition and before 7:30 p. m. for morning and Sunday edi tions. Want ada received after audi hours will liave their first Insertion ! under the heading "Too Lato to I Classify." CASH nATEsTxm WANT ADS. IUXiL'LAIt CLASSIFICATION One Insertion 1 cent per word and 1 cent per word for each subsequent j Insertion. Karh insertion made on (odd days U, cent per word. .J 1.50 per line per month. Want ads for The Ie may be left r at any of the following drug stores 'one Is your "corner druggist" they "re all branch offices for The Dee i and your ad will be Inserted Just as ' promptly and on the same rate as at 1 the main office in The Ilee building, Seventeenth and Farnam streets: I bach. W. C, 40th and Farnam. Ilium Drug Co.. 2t31 N. Kith Kt. Benson Pharmacy, Benson, Neb. Bemls Park 1'harmary, 3i'd and Cuming, perenek. 8. A., 1403 8. lit h HI. Blake-Brandish, ".-9 Phetman Ave. Caughan, C It., 47iS leaven worth. Crrinak, Kmll, lJn4- 8. lath fit. Clifton Hill I'harmaey. 2213 Military Ave. Cooney I'harmaey, 'ISXh H. Pith Ht. Crlesey Pharmacy 24th and Lake. F.hler Co., ZH I.eavenworth. Foster A A mold I, 21.1 N. tf.th BU Freytag. J. J 1UU N. 24th Ht. Kremcer Drug Co., Jsnj N. lBth St. , Florence Drug Co.. Florence, Neb. (ireen's Pharm'y, Park Ave. and Paclflo. Oreenough Co., l"th and Hickory. Ooldman Pharm'y, 24th and Ieavenw'th. Johanson Drug Co., 24th and Hpauldlng. Johnson I'harmaey, HrJU Farnam. 11 an scorn Park Pharm'y, loOl 8. 20th Av. Hlnterlnng Drug Co.. Slat Ave. and Far. Hoist, Jake, KM N. 16th 8t. Huff. A. L., 29.4 Leavenworth. King, H. H., 24lh and Farnam. Kotiatse Place Pharmacy, 2302 N. Kth. I.athrop Pharmacy, 24th and Hamilton. 'Maree. Fred I.,. t01 Central Hlvd. "Monmouth Pharmacy, Kid and Ames Av. Patrick Drug Co., l&iii N. 2Hh Ht. Saratoga Drug 4'n., 2lth and Ames Ave. 8 haefer's Cut Price, 16th and Chicago. Vachal. P. J , 692 pierce Bt. Walton Pharmacy, 2uth and Grace. Walnut Hill Pharmacy, 4uth and Cumlnf DEATHS ASD Pl'5EI(AL NOTICES, CARLKON-Claus W., aged 70 yeara. It) months and Id days. Beloved father of Miss Christina Carlson of Omaha rand Mrs. 1). O. Wallace of Bloomlngton, III., died December 2;, 1M1. Funeral Thursday afternoon at 2 o'clock from residence, ttnl Manderson (neet. Interment Forest Dawn cemo- tary. Fi le ids Invited. GRIFFITH Owen Fills, aged years. Funeral private, Thursday, December 2s. i p. m., from residence of W. 11. OHf flth. 4MQ North Thirty-fifth street. In terment, Forest Uwn cemetery. ItlNCl Anna L., beloved wife of Oeorge E. King, died Tuesday evening at their residence. IS South Twenty-fifth ave nue. Mrs. King leaves a husband, a son, Carl B. King, and a daughter, Mrs. Fred 1K Ooodrich. Funeral will be held from residence, 1.108 South Twenty-fifth avenue, Thurs day afternoon at 1 o'clock, and will be private. . ANNOUNCEMENTS J. A. GENTLEMAN, uniS"kr. embalmer. 1614 Chicago Ht D 11, H-1W. iijWFilEXFlIyrS.Va: Moved to 2611 Farnam. A-S2i. II. 2o. 1 K. Wonrtll. olu paint, lirandeia Th IlULSE & KIEPen; 70S Ho. Kith St. Doug. IK8. A-2all iFREE SIXTEEN Colored Portrait with each wedding or- HEYN A U HOWARD 8 T R E K T 8 MOVING picture murhtna anil auiipUtt, irui mmnm runt k o., ui r riift.ni l BAltKElt BKOS. PAINT CO. leCWH Farnam Ht. Itoug. 47A Ind. A-22L A beautiful assortment of stencil out fits and Hherwln-Wllliama goods. We do glaxlug and plctuie framing at moderate prices. ltoILKK, ahurl irm and tank work. Omaha structural Hteel Works. iMJl.tJLAS Printing Co. Tel. loug. t41 4. F. O Uiy fr sillies. 412 N. 24. Ko. Oni. Hwitcitsa trom coinbinss. 17u0 Leavwlh. 80DOAB18 LCNCHP.8 HOT In our beautiful downstairs lunch and sih water room at pith and Dodge we are serving dainty iunchea and but and cold drinks, 'i'ry them! tiilKKMAN tc McCONNELL, DRUO CO. Five Cloud Drug Stores in Omaha. Neb. Heed Co., 14 Jones, lloth i'hones. LLAHTIO slixkius". aupportera and bandagea; stock always new, txauause we eU iro many. Trusses fitted. Fver thing guaranteed. W. O. Cleveland Druu ,l'u,. the largest surgical aupply house. J410-U liarney m slaiiKard Vail k bturage. Pack, move. S'.ois una snip it. ii. goods. I). I4u, H int. your oiainuiids at llrudesaard'a. an t.or.Jun s liorse, dug huspilai ll N. ii. MONEY S TO LOAN-IXJW rate, in sums to tull. 110 lies lilda. 1'iione Lmiujc. txn. UNION UUN ro. M.riil iM-il! and doora. Wrlrlch. Web. En lLJUlt GRAND Turkic liathg Finest in the west VJI it. loth afreet 'i tssuly ix-r ei,i It-n tlisn Omaha pricea ."-ii, . i r..i i tiir. to., Xynty.-ur" '" L Hts.. liouth Omaha. NtjRTHUL'P Leltrr Dupdcatlug Co. iu i iilun liiock. csrcuiar Intpn. any uuau ny; oldest eatabllahed coiii.Muy; pvits of siultigrupu and Nevel.. ANNOLXCEMENTS Kd liarrlck, gravel, tar roofs, loth & Lake. H. II. Cole man Co. I . aTtiX. !.(! Farnam. I. Iiholstering, piano, furn. rej. 2jo4 Far. YOU'LL always be happy if your wed ding ring come from Krodegaard'e, llj H. li'.th Ht. At the l g n of the crow n. Safety razors sharpened, 21 itamge Hid. 'I UK mre you eat the more you want of It. J. ' Ililen's candy. Delicious and tasty. If Mrs. Clarence Hughes. 4717 N. 40th Ht., will come to The Ilee office within tlirfm days we will give her an order for a, 60-cent box of O' linens candy. I HiUfSter paiwr hanging, paint, ii, Jool. xitrj iiTinu rur.niiu ui coo pleatings, buttons covered, all sites and 'I' II II.I.-AI L. I l.A'l'ft,1 .1. h ... styles. uiiun. iik. vouvt. ivsn; a-iw. Gold lettering on Pooka, purses, leather goods. K. A. 'lryon Co., UU Farnam. J. Knox O'Neill, artist and photography Pictures enlarged. Htudlo, 21E 8. luth Hi. Amas packages, candles, perfumes, ci gars, lJthrop f harnmcy, 14 Hamilton. FINU LINE .mas candles, cigars, per fumes. Crissey Phar., 24lh fc Ijike. W. DO). AUCTION HAI.K. Big lot of diamonds, watches, Jewelry and clothing will be sold at public auc tion every eve,, t.M p. m., until New Year's. FRIKDMAN'H IjOAX RANK. i:ith and liotiglaa Hts. MOl tH HrAl loM-JKi CO., lt.li Farnam. Chilstmas novelties, cards, calendars. Wedding Anniium emeiits. Doug, l'la. peraistent AdverllsUig is the lioad to Big Returns. AUTOMOBILES HONK. t mash auto, HONK tear ton. snianh wheel. UF.RE'H THE UKST PLACE IN OMAHA DRUMM0ND IRth and Harney fits. ' Murphy Did It"S RINO. 1NU, ING. OMAHA MACHINE AVOlllvS. General machine and automobile repair Ing. Pattern making ; special machinery' di-Hlgned. Expert die work, patent draw Ings. 12 8. 14th Bt. Doug. t7. REBUILT STODDAlD DAYTONS ' 7. I 7-passenger 7( . f. 7-passenMer lw K. y. Limousine 2. I'D A. 6-passenger (KiO BttVEKAL OTIIKR MAKKH OF CARS AT VF.HV LOW PRICK. 3. J. IHJiilGllT COMPANY,, 1S18 Farnam Ht. Omnha, Neb. AUTOMOHILK atorage. fireproof bulloN Ing, do towu; very reasonable. Phone Douglas l. i WIIOLK8ALK prices on oil. Doug. 62JS. FOliEDOOKS A.ut0 b"dlM' iuuuiuuiio slipcovers, painting, Douglaa i22. Pfelffer Carriage Works. McINTYRE Auto Co- Oakland and Auv.iii x x IXU 8le(lrn, Kn'ght; bargains in utu ran, itua rarnsm. loug. 24os. Auto lampa repaired. Omaha Silver Co. YOL'lt huMhand an.l mi,n l.u.Llnu nH ward to dessert time they know that you have ordered some of Dalsell's Ice cream. If Mrs. A. 1'. Dennett. 47u3 N. 2Mth Ave., will come to The llee office within three days we will give her an order for a quart brick of this fine ice cream. mslNES.H CHANCES. i 1 I I .1 V L It V - - i , . " tlon. Moa H, Albion, Neb. M0UT0 AO ES, 6 ON GOOD FAKMS Savings bonds secured by first mortgages and our capital and aurplua of .uo,). Ronds for 1100. 250 and up, as suits your a good Income. Ask for partlculara. PAYNE INVESTMENT CO., unn ano Farnam Bta.. Omaha. Neb. FOR EALE Hooper Hottllng woi Dlscunt glyen If taken before Jan. L works. Hooper, Neb. WANTKIl.1 ....ii. ... .. (-II.I.IIIOIII ui ineana lo act as secretary of a .Usl.uOO corporation: mUMt Ikes aa Iiiaa I m. a .. . ' K. KuKersdn. Sun fhlcM r'. ! ANY rh.ilss.i.s t : -T7T - ..-... v v,n i t-vt luiivry will readily tell you that there are no candles & hit' Ft null imtahli. Sk'lti. r I 111 matsiai 9 k. I. ...... ' '1,.l?'l,..8t WJ" Come ,0'Th office """" " win give her an order of aiw-nt i,- .... candy, v, oncn s OA N1K8TAD 4M Meal Ithlg. Tel. U 47I. FlK MAI.h'.n.s.n ei.t-a.. ". ' nUtel. tlfllV Hulntr u.v i tSiricklrr. Hvrit-uM. N-h ' 10W UH In liiUrsa - Hniirf . H a - as. sjuuu uusi riMJia : pr re reasonable It taken at once. fc. A. HT .NT INVKHTIUATIi our Florida proposltlonT It Is good. M ItulifcaiT c. DHUF8F.DOW CO bil ... tBalea Agents.) ,.5)l,b..Nt llk- uw- Omaha. Neb. IU'SINESS MUISONALS. Aaairarili, oTvuRF f""1. f,h " lt the OLYMl I A fur Ue cream and candies. Arlvalast Hrlia, NFRKR(1alTT1u11-1I City Nat l. F.l HoWK, Well bJin.a. Hennnte Areklieaia. i Bldg.'' Bow"' rehltct. 171 JlrandeU Alivraeya. P. W. Shields. aUornevtn R. nf Trade L1HTON L. II ALL. LA W V t:H ZU C. E. Smith, att y at law iliUiri)TLu?; teats, OMAHA TENT CO. Tel. Douglaa. Uaat Nssslscicnra. BEMIS OMAHA BAU CO., Omahg. N.b. IIC8INESS CHANCES. Uaaaaae and Taslrabs. THE ONLY WAT. R&ggage checked to destination. Taxi cabs and touring cars. Tel. Douglas 296. lllrd Storea, nmny dogs, gold fish, cages. Max ijeia.uf i". lrd Co., 1U17 Farnam. Uu aud Package Ma natactarers. Wooden Boa & Package Co. l.Ht N. 18th. Carpets, Hags aud Draperies. POLCAR & CO Flu" ru8"- n' mr- l yjisviu (X VU-ppt, Bilk portlerea, carpet cleaning. 15-4S 8. 24. D. Z121. A-4.'4i. Carpenters and Contractors. W. P. Deverell. contractor. Ramge Rldg. Btevenson. carpenler. cont. Both phones. Chlrupodlsts. DR. ROY, 1505 Farnam. Douglas 47. Cigars and Tobacco. TUB Sanitary Crown Pipe. 115 8. 18th. Clothing Manafactorers. Wear Ideal dress shirts. M. E. Smith Co. Coal Dealers. Powers-Heafey Coal Co. Tel . D. gs. Hotter Feed at Coal Co.. Wi2 Far. H. oik C. H. .lolinson, coal, Isth Isard. 2 'phones. Rh-EDKR FURNACE COAL. D. IjU. Clharles A. Westerfleld. A-l'iS3. COAL and kindling. Wagner, 201 N. Hi. Coffee, 'l'ea tlpteea sail Sugar. Moyune Tea C, 40 N. 11. Both 'phones. Creameries, Dairies and Bappllea. Fairmont's Diadem butter. Always good. DAVID COLK CREAM KRY COMPANY. tursk's and ateel Ceilings. CARTER SHEET metal works, Omaha. Dancing; Academies. Maekles Dancing Academy, 1S16 Harney. Dally (Masses Mini,, Tliurs.. Hat. evenings. MIH8 MARY COLL. WKU. HkX). 1 O lessons Mon. or Frl. p. m.. at Uo rand'a. ladies, 3; gentlemen, fi; private lesstins during tiie day, II. dentists. Bailey, the dentist, 706 City Nat'l. D. 23, Mach A Mach. 3d fl. laxton. D. lost. Detectives. Omaha secret service det. agency. Inc., bonded. 4M-D Paxton Blk. I. 1319, A-131D. L. W. Longnecker, 617 Karbach block. " jAMKri AL LAN, Neville Hik. Tyler 11. Ureaaninktng. Terry's Dressmaking college, 20 A Far. Druggluce. , DRUOS at cut prices; freight paid on 110 orders; catalogue free. Hherman ei McConnell lruj Co., Omaha, Neb. KverytklnK cClectrlval. Burgess-Orandcn Co., lull Howard. D. SL Electrlo lighting fix., wholesale and retail. BfcCONU-liANU ELEC'iUlC rA.Vli, dynamos, Igniting dynamos, moioia, re pairs. Le fcron. sll H. Utb bt. Doug. SU7&, Keed Mliia and stores. Teed, all kinds. Olencoe Mills, mi Isard- Florists. HENNETT'B, cut flowers. Doug. 137. A. Donahue, luU7 Farnam. D. l'l, A-1U01. HEHU 4k HWOHODA, 1415 Farnam Ht. biewart'a, Florist at seedsmen, lilt N. !. PACLHKN, florist, 1712 Drown HU HRANDKI8 FLORIST, Mrandeia Bulg. L. 1IENDKH.SON. luiy Farnam. D. i1. HATH H F1AR1STH. boyd '1 heater Bldg. 1 IRCBA N cu tt 1 o w e is. uh & Dorcas. PROSPKCl' HlllFTurrsT W." 44S1. w ssasnei, McDonald brass and bronse foundry, alu minum, tin, lead castings. 16th A Jackson. Fnrnaca and Stovo Keoaira. Olaon Bros., furnace repairs. 2570 Leav. Fl'KNACK AND HTOVU RKPAIR8 to fit your stove or heater. New furnace, laundry tank beatera, gas beaters, ther mostat and combination warm air and hot water heating. Omaha JStove Repair Worka, l."0-l!iii Douglaa He Tel. Douglaa CU); Ind. A-3S.1. ltarnesa, Saddlery, Leather Uooda. Wlohert. harness. leather goods. CM 8. It HAKNKSrt, saadlea and traveling goods. Alfred Cornish A Co.. 1210 Farnam Ht. lloanitala. WISH MEMORIAL. Mth and Harney HKTHANY. KM Marcy. pwig. Issaraact, Rhodee-U ntscmery Co. Ins. Ramge Blk. Iron and Wire fencing. Anchor Fence Co., 207 N. 17. Tel. Red 14. Laandrtes. FRENCH Hand Laundry. Tel. It. 6K4, KUEUSON Luudiy, IJui N. Mth tL Botn phones. ODARANTKJS 1 -sundry. High grade work. IMiuglas W,l Curtains laundered, sue er pair. D. 27U. Llgktalnif Hvda. Nebraska Lightning Rod Co.. tOC N. 17th LsMSr. II. Oross Lumber & Wrecking Co. Bar gains in lumber, plumbing, machinery and steam tilt: n. 21st and Paul. Web. 2AM. Alaearnat Maanlaclarere. Skinner's macaroni and spaghetti. 10c pkg Mas'le,Art and Laagaagee. VIOLIN lessons, experienced teacher. Wm. L. Patten. lsil lxx.ut. Web. Oichsslra. plauist for deuce. D. iJiaT And, of course, Desmond does not overlook the bath either. He Is Just as anxious as Claude to get to his former sllmness, for a fat villain Is at an even greater disadvantage than a fat hero. When the scoundrel discovers that Claude has reached the baths ahead of him, he Instantly begins to plot some means of ruining him.' And, naturally, he steals Claude's wallet, for even a hero doesn't count for much without a bank roll. Claude little knows that while he Is losing weights he la also losing money. UrSINESS PEItSONALS Monanients and Maaaoleams. J. F. Rloom tc Co., 17th and Cuming 8ts. Moving, Storage aud Cleaning. EXPRWSSMEN'S Delivery Co -Moving, furniture packing, fireproof storage. City office, 21 8. 17th. Ixug. VA. Ind. B-L!4. OMAHA Van and Htorage ' Co. cleans your carpets on your floors; electric vacuum cleaners. t04 8. 16th, 3U9 8. 17th. Douglas 4161. CALL Vernor for moving and fireproof storage. Office. A-21S7 and Doug. 21o6: WAREHOUSE, Tyler Hid and B-6118. Twin City Express, 1214 Howard. Both Tel. Optlriane. B. F. Wurn. fitting & rep'g, 443 Brandels. Usteopatky. Alice Johnson. 3W- Brandels The. Bid. Katheryn Nikolas. 634-6 Brandels TheaterT Clysters. David Cole Oyster Co. Wholesale only. Plumber. a Omaha Plumbing Co., 2f12 Sherman Ave. T. F. Unite, plumbing and heating, 1S7 Howard Ht. Tel. D. 743. Ind. A-2741. Patents. HIRAM A. BTUROES. patent lawyer. V. 8. and foreign patents, trademarks and copyrights; 2a years' experience. 646 Brandels Theater Bldg. Tel. Doug. 3468. D. O. Darnell, Paxton Blk. Tel. RedTn7T Wlllard Eddy, U. 8, patent attorney and solicitor, im City Nat I Bank. Tyler 1530. Paper Com pa a lea. Western Paper Co.. lMh and Howard. I'hotoitraphers. V Rlnehart, photogrspher. Mth & Farnam. Handlierg's Studio. 107 8. liith. Take elev. I'kouourapha. Edison phonographs, Hhults Bros., 1401 Far Plat inn. OMAHA SILVER CO.. S14 8. 13th. Printing, Lew W.Raber, Printer KwioiS HUlll. lyiSTKANCH ON COURT, Phone ind. A-Hsai for good printing. Lyngstad Printing Co.. loth A Capitol Ave. AM. Printing Co., 2304 Cuming. D. 1477 Rles-Hall Ptg. Co. 109 8. 14. Ind. A-S.i24T Hestaarauts. Baxter's fine quick lunch. 161S Famsm. EAT CAFE. Everybody eats with me. 1610 Capitol Ave., north side postofflce. Clerk Cafe, home cooking. liilS Dodge. PET the habit; eat at L' need a. Cap. Ave. MORRIS Cafe, home cooking. 816 8. 20th. ktsunucrlsg and Stuttering. CURED. Julia Vaughn. Ramge Bldg. Sporting Uooda. NEW shopworn guns at low prices. Townsend Qun Co., 1514 Farnam. Stenographers and C'oart Heporters. Myitis A. Kelley. 708 Bran. The. D. 6683. Sleet ituk sail Calvert Companies. NEBRASKA and Towa Steel Tank Company. 14th and Nicholas. D. 3SS3. Tailoring. R. A. Williams, clothes altered, 24 A Lake. FINNEY Tailoring Co.. Web. 2i4. Out-of-date gaimeius ex. for new. W.302O Taxidermists. Aulabaugh. 1701 Leavenworth. Doug. 3SH. Tenia and Awuings. OMAHA Tent Co. Tel. H22 Doujlas. 'trunks and Salt casea. Frellng A Stelnle. 1803 Farnam St. Wig; Manufacturers. P. S. Griffith, wig mfr.. H Frenxer Blk. Wines as4 Lliiaora. MAT A CO.. family liquors. 1308 Douglas. WILLOW Springs beer, liquor, cigars, sandwlchea. Alex Jetea. 1302 Douglaa. LgftmanJ-yr-old why. 10c drink. 14 A Har. Hansen's. Family Uquora. 122S Chicago. .FV0ir Xm wines and liquors at Griffith A Schmidt. H24 Capitol Ave. MR. HUSBAND. If you aro looking for something to take home for an extra fine dessert, step Into Daiseirs. If E. Rich ards. 4641 N. 41st Ht., will come to The Bee office, within three days we will give him an order for a quart brick of this fine ice cream. KDICATIONAL THE MID-WINTER TERM B0 YLES COLLEGE Opens Tuesday, January 2 In the day sessions. Night school Wednesday evening, Jan. uary 1. 7 p. in. Complete courses In Business, Book keeping, Htenngraphy, Telegraphy. Civil Service and Salesmanship. The catalogue la ready and free for the asking. Call, write or phone for it. at once. Address H. U. Hoy Irs, President, Bojles College, Omaha. Neb. OMAHA COMMERCIAL COLLEUU "BEST IN THE WEST." Day and evening sessions ail the year Shorthand, Type willing. Bookkeeping, Agriculture. Civil Service, Salesinanahlu. E A. Zartman. Pres.. lath and Farnam. THE VAN SAISCliOOlT Complete courses for Stenographers. Twenty yeara of success, lone C. Unify. Prop.. Elisabeth Van Bant. Prln. Corner Utli and Farnam Hta. Tt'ToltlNU. 1st to bill tirade. , Jul. UK LP WANTKD FEMALE Factory and Trades. WANTED Young lady In wholesale house; enmanship and one good at fig ures preferred, fc km. Bee. HELP WANTED FEMALE Housekeepers aud Domestics. THE SERVANT GIRL PROBLEM SOLVED The Bee will run your Domes tic Help Wanted ad FREE until you get the desired results. Bring your ad to The Bee office or telephone Tyler 1000. WANTED A competent girl for general housework 210 S. 37th Ht. WANTED A girl for general house work; small family. Phone Harney 633. K2 Pacific St. WANTED A girl for general house, work; must bo a good cook; bring ref erences. Apply Lieut. Bowman. Ft. Crook. WANTED A Hlrl fur vonnral t,r.ii.- worK in a small family. a.123 Harney WANTKIl-dlrl fnr eenaral hn.i...,l,. good wages; small family. 1210 S. 37tli Ht. Harney 6314. GIRL for general housework;. 110 laun dry work; Id per week. US N. 39th Ht. WANTED Girl for general housework. 'Phone Benson 774 J, or 315 Reed Ht. WANTED Young girl to assist with housework, small house, no cooking. iiarney osi. ;u in. Xitn. . . . ..ni.is n, i.ib 111 wiuiuieil all day: must ko home nlifhts. Call hiiiielaa 6.140. WANTED Young girl for general housework. Tel. Harney 7411. 1304 S. 3ith St. Miscellaneous. YOUNG women coming to Omaha as strangers are Invited to visit the Young Women's Christian association building, at Ht. Mary's Ave- and 17th St., where they will be directed to suitable boarding places or otherwise assisted. Look for our travelers' guide at the Union station. Apprentice girls to learn hairdresslng. Oppenhelm, SS! City Nat'l Ban Hldg. WHAT Is New Years without a nice box of the famous candy made by D. J. O'Brien? If Mrs. E. Beardsly, 5016 Daven port St. will come to The Bee office within threo days wo will give her an order for a 60-cent box of O'Brien's candy. HELP WANTED MALE Agents! Salesmen nail solicitors. WANTED -SEVERAL EX PERIENCED STOCK SO LICITORS AT ONCE, GOOD PROPOSITION. ADDRESS IN WRITING 802 CITY NAT. BANK BLDG. E. M. GRANT. WANTED. SOLICITORS AND SALESMEN. MEN AND WOMEN. To solicit apilcutions for tours to the Panama Pacific International Exposition to be ha4d In San Francisco In 1916, on payments of 11 per week. Entire ex pense of trip (except mealsl, included In tale contract. Endorsed by the banks ai d commercial Institutions of San Fran cisco. This Is a seller. The right men and women, with references as to ability and Integrity absolutely necessary, "WANTED." Address or call on T. R. M'CLURE. Field Mgr., m 8. 17th St., Omaha, Neb. LOCAL salesman to sell 16, su and 40 scre tracts and upwards of Columbia county, Florida, land. Produces splendid crops. A first-class proposition that will stand the closest Investigation. ROBT. C. DRUESEDOW & CO., 860 Omaha Nat'l Bank Bldg., Omaha, Neb. A I"! L" ?TO mail. t'Hl " Aaxt ITZlllrtcr t ,Q ented specialties; send for free catalogue anu sample; every article a soiu mine. Oscar Malr A Co., 2W6 N. Falrhlll St., Philadelphia, Pa. SALESMEN Two or three live, up-to-date, energetic salesmen Wanted for western territory, for a snappy, quirk selling Una of Jewelry, neckwear and novelties. Give references nnd experi ence first letter. Address Sain Man ager, Station D, Box 413. Waterloo, la. AGENTS Free Ul'.tstrated catalogue of big money makers ready; write for it and free sample of latest patented necessity. W. E. Thomas A Co., 11. F. D., 2, Box S7o, Han Diego, Cal Live city and road salesman. O 794. Bee. Id 1 I LVU A KI Tn Hull llniik.m'. f nut. Apply mornings, t to 12, 2H0 Daven port St. WANTED Young man to travel, salary and expenses, temporary or perma nent. N. H. Winder, ilia Dodge. Clerical and Office. FULL dress suits, evening party dresses for rent, fl to 1.60 a night. JOHN FELDMAN, 206 N. 17th. D. 812. "CANO" HlKh-grade positions. COO Bee. AUDITOR A young man of hlith char acter and ability tn act as office manager and auditor in a large mercantile hound in Omaha. Must be capable of handling cost, stock and analytical earnings ac counts, as well as complicated system of books. Must be experienced and able to furnish complete references as to quali fications and former emnloyment. State age. references and salary expected In application. All applications will be strcltly confidential. Address K-95, Be. Factory and Trades. Drug store (snapst Jobs. Knlest. Bee Bldg. Miscellaneous.' WANTED-Muslcians for the Uth Inf. band; must be alngle. Address all let ters to Emanuel Klein, chief musician. Fort MacKenxle, Wyo. WANTED, for U. S. army, able-bodied unmarried men, between ages of U and Id; cltlsens of United States, of good character and temperate habits, who can speak, read and write the English lan guage. For Information apply 'to Re cruiting Officer. 13th and louglas Hts., Omaha. Neli. ; 007 4th St., Hloux City, la.: 1.0 N. 10th Ht., Uncoln, Neb. TELEGRAPH position guaranteed you by both Union Pacific and Illinois Cen tral railroads if you gain your training in our school. Practice on R. R. wires. Ad dress for particulars. H. B. Boyles, Pres. Boylrs College, Omaha. Neb. WANTED Men to learn barber trade. Few weeks completes. Come now. Finish at bualaat season. We control many ex cellent positions. Thousands of graduates sending for barbers. Our diplomas recognised everywhere. See our offer. Country or city applicants. Moler Barber College. 110 B. lllh Ht. YOU are wanted for government Job. ISO per month; send postal fur list of post, tions open. Franklin Institute, Dept. .i K. Rochester. N. Y. UO I' month autoi.no. Al'To SCHOOL. OMAHA. NEB. Guaranteea more actual repairing Uian any threo other schools. Cows see. "I'm the boy!" cries Desperate Desmond, "and Claude will stay fat enough for two." He eaKlly bribes the attendant, to whom Claude was unable to give a Christmas tip, to turn off the steam In our hero's room, and so Claude has to keep being fat. It Is a low-down trick on the part of Desmond, but villainy ! villainy. And so Desmond, slim once more, rushes to the consutato to cap ture Kosamond. The result of hts expedition will be told tomorrow. HELP WANTED MALE JUIacellnneoas. GOVERNMENT positions open; list showing salaries free. Franklin Institute. Dept. 213-K, Rochester. N. Y. DON'T slave for waves; we will show you how to be Independent; particular free. MILLHOLL1N SUPPLY CO.. Mes sena, la. ABLE bodied men, wanted for the U. 8. Marine Corps between the ages of 19 and ib. Must be native born or have first papers. Monthly pay, $15 to $ii. Addi tional compensation possible. Food, clothing, quarters and medical attend ance free. After 30 years' service can re tire with 75 per cent of pay and allow ances. Service on board ship and ashore tn all parts of the world. Apply at U. 8. Marine Corps Recruiting Office. 11W Farnam St., Omaha. Neb. STOP! Rt AD! Get Into a paying Learn automobile engineering In our large training shop. Hundreds of- suc cessful graduates. Complete equipment of automobiles and machinery. Address National Auto Train Aisn., 628 Brundels Theater Bldg., Omaha. Neb. TAKE Instructions In massage and Swedish movement cure. 401 Ware Block. MAN wanted with rig to take charge of salo of our medicines, extracts, spices, soaps, perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations, etc., in your county. One man made $! one week; steady work guaranteed; work healthful, pleas ant, very profitable; references required. Write us. We mean business. Shores Mueller Company, Dept. 1, Tripoli, Iowa. MEN of Ideas and Inventive ability, write Greeley A Mclntlre, patent attor neys, Washington, D. C, for their list of inventions wanted, and prizes offered by leading manufacturers. SHE naturally is looking fur a dessert that needs - but little preparation. Tell her of Dalzell's ice cream. If Mrs. Al fred J. Latey, 4,'i30 N. Xitli St., will conn to The Bee office within three days we will give her an order, lor a quart brick of this fine Ice cream. HELP WANTED MALE OH FEMALE. MAN and wite to work on small place on outskirts of city; man to do chores, wife to do housework; man must have some knowledge of gardening. Call Web ster 21)40. LIVE STOCK tXJlt SALE lloraca aud cnlvlcs. FOR SALE All kinds of good horse. 818 N. 21st 1st. Phone Douglas 6000.' SLivlGHS I single cutlers, It-seat; sev eral strings of bells, aet of bobs for laun dry wagon. Hurney Street Stables. LOST AND FOUND PERSONS having lost some article would do well to call up the office of the Omaha A Council Blutt's Street Railway Company to ascertain whether they Kit It in the street cars. Many articles each day are turned tn and tno company Is anxious to restore them to the rightful owner. Call Doug las 48. OMAHA A COUNCIL BLUFFS STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. IF PARTIES who lost good vision will call at COLUMBIA OPTICAL CO., 208-11 So. 16th, same will be restored. WATCH FOB, wltn Phi Oelta Tliolu pledge pin attached. Finder please call Harney .Mt7. LOST Lids and doors to Return to 24:41 Camden Ave. toy stove. LOST Silver mesh bag on 16th, between Haydens' and Central Meat market. Please return to Bee office. LOST Small ladles' gold watch with Initials A J W from Uncle Jim. Return to 471 Brandels Bldg. (Suitable reward. LOST A roll of bills in Burlington ticket office envelope Saturday afternoon In Paxton 'hotel or .way to Farnam car line. Harney 34!. Reward. 1 RECEIVED In change a trade dollar which bears date of is?, which provoa. by close examination to be a locket by being opened on inside of cover. En graved "R. V." Also contains photo. All questions answered If postage Is sent fur reply. Wm. Masslnger, Guide Dock, Neb. DECEMBER 24 A young red and white cow; no horns. 'Phone Webster 4S24. Re ward. jfKDICAL NO MATTER Wh.VT YOUR TROUBLE. NOR WHO SAID Y')U WERE INCUR ABLE, BOHEMIA. ADJUSTMENTS WILL PROBABLY DO THE WORK. WHY NOT TRY? CALL OR WRITE "BOHEMIAN INSTITUTE," 82 NE VILLE BLOCK. BEST oracer for men. Gray's Nerve Food Pills, l per box, prepaid. Sherman A McConnell Drug Co., Omaha. Neb. MONEY TO LOAN Salary and Chattels. STOP Right her it you aro Looking for the Best Place to Borrow Money. LOOK Tbs city over and you can do no better, no matter how cheap others advertise. LISTEN We will loan you all the READT cash you need on your FURNITURE. PJANO, nAKtHUtaii KtLtin ALIO, REAL ESTATE or ON YOUR PLAIN NOTE, if steadily employed. Such loans are procured In a tew hours' notion, orl. lately, confidentially and tn a way ulcus nig to all. Why take chances of having your busi ness peddled about the city when you can get the money promptly of us, THb OLDEST, LARGEST ANU BEST RELIABLE CREDIT CO., Id Floor. MS Paxton Block, ill S. Kth St. -pnones uougiaa 1411 and A-1411. MONEY loaned salaried people, omen keeping house and others, without se- cuilty, easy paynxnts. ottlces In ti prin cipal cities. Tolman. W Omaha Nail Bank Bldg , formerly is. r. l.ile Bldg. MONEY iX)Ii CimiSTMAS Loaned on furniture, pianos or teams at low rates and eay terms. STATE MORTGAGE LOAN Room U Arlington Blk , 1U1V Dodjra St Pnoues; Douglas 24tjs, Independent A-Iti. MONEY TO LOAN Salat-jr and Cliotiela. CHATTEL SALARY LOANS. If you can use from lo to $100 or mora to a good advantage, come to us. Ws do not advertise any misleading rates, but we have the lowest rates In the city. We guarantee you a square deal. Y'ou can repay us In small weekly or monthly payments. We allow a discount If paid before time. Call, write or phone appli cation and you will get prompt attention. NEBRASKA LOAN CO., Don gl as 1S6 2.X) Bee KJdg. A-1S54. limHWWWWttWJMWWWjllWti, It II MONEY FOR ii EVERYBODY $10 TO $100 U LOANS ON FURNITUUE, PIANOS. W SALARIES, ETC., I at charges you can afford, and ti without the red tape and delay you U experience with oilier companies. M ESTABLISH YUlt CREDIT M HERE. It's as GOOD AS A BANK M ACCOUNT IN TIME OF NEED. J VHTLI Tllii'01.1 T, . , n t-... IT- 10, you pay back $11.60. ii, you pay back 117.00. 25, you pay back fca.oo. It yy'. you pay back ffu.OD, wo LrrriHitt charges. tl Weekly or Monthly Payments. Is W OMAHA FINANCIAL CO.. U it 4no-iii u ..... tin. r - , , : : 8 vieis. b. h. v:or. mtn and Douglas. IS ' Phone Douglas 203C i .wsi$;ti$$wit$w?;?i;tmiim$iiii $10 TO $100 LOANED TO AM YONE ti w Will OrOi.ule u 111. in fnr anv. uuuy who jwns lurnuure, pianos, horses, wagons, or anyone holding a steady position at the most rea sonao.e charges. All we ash la your promise to pay. No red tape. No Oelay. Quickly, privately, cheaply. Hi in installments of l.o6. ,4j in Installments of l.t6. fcsJ In Installments of 1J.46. Loans made trom one month to one year. Terms to suit you. GUARANTEE LOAN CO., (binau Loan Ueuartnient.1 H 204 Wlthneli Bik. Over Neb. Cycle Co. H n. cj. Lur. 10 tn ana iiarney. ft Dougiaa Soiu; Ind. A-l&ft. i wwwwiiwtwftwiwn$wmtji IF you have a sweet tooth be sure to try a box of D. J. O'Brien's candy. Al ways fresh and pleasing to candy lovers. If Mrs. Frank Malioney, J119 Stanford Circle, will come to The Bee office within three days we will give her an order for a wi-cent box of O'Brien s candy. GET IT OF Miss Snow. C. L. B.. at Star Loan Co., 644 Paxton Block. $5 to 10o, without security; to suit you. DIAMOND LOANS at 2V4 and 6 per cenU FLAT A U. 1514 Dodge. Tel. Red 6813. OFEEJiED FOIt ItEST Board and Booms. O. M. E. hauls trunks. D. 611. A-ttlL Portoia. lamiiy hotel. 2ix.h Ave, and Han Bt. Jamee, mod. tl.H iay; week IS up. BEAUTIFUL suite of rooms, excellent board; West Farnam. Call Harney 46. MODERN rooms for two gentlemen, hot water heat, walking distance. 2uJ N. 20th St. Fornlskl lipoma. Dewey European Hotel. 13th & Farnam. FOR RENT Two furnished parlor rooma with heat and gas. 633 8. 22d St. ROOM 3 for rent by day or week; easy terms to two or more; modern; special attention to transients. Ui bo. 20th Su Douglas 15M. C. 11. Brown. 411 NoKlli lath street, warm, comfort able looms. 1 MODERN rooms for rent. Tel. Doug. 44Jil. CHICAGO ritrictlv modern a I tru ing rooms. Furnished House keeniug Hoom. THE MANUEL Two-room apartment. 123 09. The Howard, it-room, private) bath. $35.00. 21st and Howard. LARGE front room ana smaller room; private family. Doug. 61-2. Uutela ana A partments- N1CELY FURNISHED ROOMS for gen tlemen. THE CHATHAM. 110 8. 13th St. Hun Hotel, sieain-tieaied. I Ms Doug. BU Excellent meals, .uj N. oth, 80. Omaha. Howard Hoiei, elegant rins. luoi Howard. HOTEL Flomar, lltii and Capitol Ave. Burlington, nice ruou.a. 1 block to depot. I Asa tioifc.1 uice rooms, 1ms case St. OXFORD and Arcade, special w'kly rata. Apartiuruta ssd Flats. MODERN It-room heated apartment oa West Farnam street, very clioloe. JOHN W. ROBBING, UK)J FARNAM BT lula VINTON St. t-iooiii brick flats, modern except beat; water free; lii-JO. kltuo per month, i'lione Doug. 3474. NEW 4 -room modern suite In the Tha lia 11, opposite Clarkaon hospital; also an other suite March L Writs W. bedgley, 44 ...nicaKO bt. I-HOOM apartment In the Uintah. Ap )ly 418 Omatia Nai 1 Bank Bldg., or phona Douglas livifc K-ROOM APARTMENTS in the Cali fornia. See Janitor, Douglas 237. THE STANDARD STEAM HEATED CHICAGO FLATS. High grade, 6-r., full modern, private halls, baths, pantries, closets, shades, gas range, janitor; free hot water all year; one left at 133 winter; 1 10 less summer. Why Py i0 for not as good. Itefereucea required- I PAYNE SLATER CO., Sole Agts., 6tb Fl. Om. Nat. Bk. Bldg. C-room flat on Herman Ave. Web. I7(s. I and 4-r. niud. apartmenta. 1 8. 6-ROOMS-STEAM HEAT I91S Farnam, a strictly modern, heated apartment, with gas range, shades, cur tain rods, hot and cold water the year around and' steam heat furnished, (23 la winter and J In summer. PAYNE & SLATER CO. Sole Agts. tith Floor. Om. Nac Bk. Bldg. NEW 4-ioom modern suite in the Tha Han. opposite Clarkaon hospital; also an other suite March L Write W. bedgley. 2J44 Chicago fct..
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Historical Ads & Descriptions
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CLASSIFIED COLUMNS ONE CENT A WORD EACH INSERTION. POSITIVELY ALL CLASSIFIED ADS CASH WANTED WANTED: Hoorn, with modern conveniences, and board for gentleman and wife, in private family. Address, this office. WANTED: Lady bookkeeper, experienced, desires position as cashier or office clerk. H. L. His office. WANTED: Errand boy, Singer tailor, either to work all day or all school, 11th Street, opposite publican and Milwaukee hotels. WANTED: Colored woman middle-aged, good cook. Two in family; no washing. $5. Write Box 15. WANTED: We buy, sell and exchange new and second-hand furniture. Old mattresses made new. Landers Mattress Co., J. H. Reynolds, Prop. Phone. WANTED: Palmist, clairvoyant, consult, the oldest and the best. Spiritual meetings Sunday at 8 p.m. Receptions daily. See Hr Wheeler, 22 mi South Central avenue, and I. H. Stevens, Main avenue. Take Oak lawn car. WANTED: Plain sewing. Apply 121 Hill St., phone 1772. WANTED: Persons of all ages to enroll in our day and evening classes. Hot Springs Business College. WANTED: Ad kinds of carpenter contracts. Let us figure on your future. Work No job too small or too large. Phone 2075 or 2053. 8-11-lm. WANTED—Carrier for Oaklawn route. One preferred living in that section of city. Must be good reliable boy. Apply this office at 5 p.m. 8-8-tI WANTED TO BUY —Sacks. War prices paid for second-hand cars. C. J. Horner Co. 10-29-tf WANTED—First class vulcanizer. Permanent work. Address J. H., this office. 7-7-tt WANTED—Best prices paid for ladies and gents’ second-hand clothing and shoes B. Shay, 408 Main Ave Phone 2000. 6-6-tf I WANT to clean your CARPETS and RUGS. Telephone 347 and wagon will call. Chas. Hotchkiss, Mgr. 2-10-tf WANTED—To buy two carloads of second-hand furniture and stoves. Arkansas Furniture and Stove Co. 211 Third St., Phone V.*S f.-lS-tf WANTED TO BUY SECOND-HAND FURNITURE WILSON FURNITURE CO. 4236 Oudbita Ave. Phone 2222 Warehouse 2024 Third St. Phone 71. WANTED—Highest cash prices paid for second-hand clothing, shoes, hats, etc. 719 Central Ave. Phone 1(V6. Cleaning, pressing and repairing. Free auto delivery. 12-12-tf FOR RENT FOR RENT—Furnished rooms; also light housekeeping rooms. 117 Qua paw avenue; phone 2(3. k-i '|,|l> FOR RENT—Beautifully furnished rooms and apartments, Ola Path ave nue. Phone 777. 8-29-1 m. FOR RENT Five room apartment, gas, water, light furnished or unfurnished. Phone 1717. FOR RENT Five room house, (ila Third street. Modern. Except as good neighborhood; large lot, near the line; also a room suburban home, 2 acres of good land, fruit trees. Phone 1594, M'vU 1. FOR RENT—Modern appointed furnished cottages, on Cedar Street. Apply 209 Cedar Street or telephone 299. FOR RENT—Close in, modern furnished cottages, apartments on rooms. Mrs. Joe Stone, 416 Quapaw Avenue, Phone 132. LIGHT, airy housekeeping rooms, one block from the bath house; electric lights, $11.60 per week and up. 215 Court Street. Phone 1448. FOR RENT—Tombler Apartments; 5 room, with bath and sleeping porch on third floor; furnished or unfurnished, for six months. Attractive rates if taken at once. Tel. 476, or call at Algonquin flats. APARTMENTS FOR RENT. Five and three rooms, beautifully furnished, with bath; close in; best location and near bath houses; $15.00 and $20.00 per month. 414 Prospect Avenue. VULCANITE COTTAGES 23-429 Whittington—apply 473 Whittington. Phone 534. 6-10-tf FOR RENT FOR RENT FOR RENT Elegant Bedroom in modern home, 112 Garden Street, 9-8-31 SIMONTON'S Mud Baths, furnished cottages and hatching apartments, no having St. 100 feet off Park Avenue. 2-8- If FOR RENT - Cottage in rear of St. John’s church. Phone 2983. 8-28-2 wk FOLD RENT - Beautifully furnished apartments and rooms, centrally located. Phone 2315. Maurice apartment, Flat E. Take Park Avenue car 9-6-lmo FOR RENT - Nicely furnished cottages and flats; all modern conveniences; $10 per month up. Take Park Avenue car to Dell at. Inquire 14 Dell. Phone 2062. Free garage. FOR RENT - Cottage, 1-room and both. Call St. Johns Place or phone 1582-22 tf MOTELS AND APARTMENTS THE OCHACA FURNISHED ROOMS—Nowly furnished throughout; near bath house. All conveniences. Rates reasonable. The Misses Busch, Props, 230 Ouachita Ave. 2-14-tf PARK PLACE APARTMENT MENTS, Thone 1957. No. 16 Park Place. Strictly modern, nicely furnished apartments, with hot and cold running water, gas, electric lights and bath. 1-2 block Park avenue car line. Modern, homelike apartments. Everything furnished. Prices reasonable. Best or references. Phone No. 20 or G91. M. Yager. 8-15-tf THE PLAZA — Light housekeeping apartments and furnished rooms—all modern, enclosed sleeping porches; 1 beautiful location; opposite U. S. Superintendent's residence. 610 Reserve Ave. Phone 954. Mrs M. F. Green. THE LEADER, on the corner of Main and Washington streets, offers modern rooms and apartments; everything furnished for housekeeping; gas for cooking and heating; rooms $11.50 per week and up; free garage. Phone 1102. Mrs. C. L. Brady. MILLSTAD—APARTMENTS—Modern light housekeeping suites; brick building, ideal location. Also single rooms with running water; gas included. 137 Chapel St. Phone Mrs. Chas. Barr. Mgr. LOST AND FOUND LOST—Extra Republic fire, female, new, never been used. Return to Dr. J. H. Shaw, and receive reward. 9-10-1 LOST—Two $5.00 bean Liberty bond at the post office Friday of Saturday. Call 13. Mountain Valley Street, James McKown. Phone 1139. 9-X-3t WANTED IN ORDER. In the Chancery Court of Garland County, Ark. Mabel Counts, Plaintiff, is the defendant. The defendant, Mabel Counts, is warned to appear in this Court within thirty days and answer the complaint of the Plaintiff, Mabel Counts. Witness my hand and the seal of said Court this 29th day of Aug., 1918. F W. ROWLES, Clerk. J. K. Hodges, Esq., Attorney and Litem. MEN FEE LITTLE RED, TOO While much is said about tired women, it must be remembered that men also pay the penalty of overwork, when the kidneys are weak, inactive or sluggish, when one feels tired out and miserable, lack energy and ambition, Foley Kidney Pills are tonic and strengthening. Win. U. Clark, Springfield, Ohio, writes: “I found no relief from kidney trouble until I discovered Foley Kidney Pills. Now I am in a shape." They act quickly and surely. Dr. Irn A Williams, Chiropractor, six years’ experience in Hot Springs Office, corner Central and Court streets, opposite Arkansas National Bank Building. Telephone 1118. The Eastman Kodak Department of Sorrels Drug Company established for so many years is now the largest in the South. Let our professional pho tographers be your “Truble Men" and give helpful criticisms and instructions. Prompt service. J-2C-U FOR SALE FOR SALE Best all around suburban hotel in Hot Springs, conveniently located, 15 rooms, nicely ventilated and furnished; kitchen and bath; always good business. Small rush investment. Owner going to army work. Bargain P. O. Box No. 725. FOR SALE 1917 Kuril touring car $150. See note at 22s Court St. Phone RSIO. G. W. Clarkson, It-7-1 FOR SALE—“Cheap account of new draft The Camouflage, 015 cent avenue. Good paying soft drink and light lunch stand. Inquire on premises. U-6-tf FOR SALE Hupp roadster; in good mechanical condition; can easily be used for truck or five passenger touring car, also good sound, gentle horse, wagon and harness. All can He saw at the Arsenic spring, Heinmüller's ion of ear in afternoons. Plume mo. 9-5-1 r FOR SALE, V around horse, cheap if taken at once. Apply emporium Cleaning and Dyeing Plant. Phone 187. 8-17-lmo. FOR SALE, V large gas range suitable for hotel or large family. Phone 1990. FOR SALE—Suburban home, ten acres, all tillable, good spring, new modern house, gas, electric light, water, telephone and garage; on Malvern road, one mile from city. Price $7,500, easy terms. Phone 798. 3-10 -tr FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—A splendid, modern apartment house, 19 rooms; elegantly furnished. Phone 1210 or 2500. 6-15-tf FOR SALE OR RENT—6-room house corner of Ash and Palmetto Sts.; easy terms. Apply Dr. M. G. Thompson, over Schineck Drug Store. 7-11 -1f FOR SALE—Ford car in good condition. Phone 2892. 8-21-tf FOR SALE—Furniture of a 14-room apartment house; cheap rent. Owner leaving city. Address "Bargain," Sentinel-Record. 6-7-tf FOR SALE—Extra fine milch cow and young calf. Mrs. Tom Milan, corner 1st and South street. 8-24-6 FOR SALE—The best small hotel in the city, centrally located; will sell at a bargain if sold before July 1. Address, H. J., this office. 6-9-tf Mill Wood Hickory and Oak $2.75 per load C. J. Horner Co. PHONE 406-40771. LEGAL NOTICES notice for publication. Department of the Interior, U. S. Rami Office at Little Rock, Ark. August 19, 1918. Notice is hereby given that John W Howard, of Rochester, Arkansas, who on August 1, 1914, made homestead entry No. 011120 for NE 1-2 SE 1-4, NE 1-1 SW 1-1 and SE 1-1 NW 1-1, Section 8, Township 1 N, Range 18 W. with principal meridian, has filed notice of intention to make three year proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before United States Commissioner, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, on the 17th day of September 1918. Claimant names as witnesses: David D. Levy, of Electric, Arkansas; Sam S. Duncan, of Electric, Arkansas; George Kiestor, of Electric, Arkansas; John Geurin, of Electric, Arkansas; JOHN W. A. ELEN, (Tues) Register. WARNING ORDER. In the Chancery Court of Garland County, Ark. Gus Strauss, Plaintiff is. W. H. Newton, et al, Defendants. The defendant, W. H. Newton, is warned to appear in this Court with thirty days and answer the complaint of the plaintiff, Gus Strauss. Witness my hand and the seal of said Court this 18th day of August 1918. F. W. ROWEES, Clerk. By D. W. PARKER, D.C. Berry H. Randolph, Att’y for Plaintiff. H. P. Chappell, Att’y ad litem. NOTICE! In the Chancery Court of Garland County, Ark. Georgia State Savings Association and Edward W. Bell, Trustee, Plaintiffs, vs. Alinnie O. Webb, Calvin J. Webb, et al., Defendants. The defendants, J. W. Jenkins Company, Eastern Cloak and Suit Company, Brown Shoe Company, The Morgan Anderson Company, Singer Moss Clothing Company, Selvwarz & Wild, Hargadine-McKittrick Dry Goods Company, C. N. H. In the Trustee, are warned to appear in this court within thirty days of the complaint of the plaintiffs, Georgia State Savings Association and Edward W. Hell, Trustee. Witness my hand and the seal of said court this 26th day of July, A.D. 1918. F. W. WOW RES, Clerk S. W. HARLEY, Attorney and litem. S-2-Ow WARNING ORDER. In the circuit court, of Garland county, Ark. The Garland Whetstone and Realty Co., plaintiff, vs. The Pike Manufacturing Co., defendant. The defendant, The Pike Manufacturing Co., is warned to appear in this court within thirty days and answer the complaint of the plaintiff, The Garland Wheat and Realty Co. Witness my hand and seal of said court this 17th day of June, 1918. F. W. ROW RES, Clerk. By D. W. Parker, D. C. NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Department of the Interior, U. S. Land Office at Little Rock, Arkansas, Sept. 6, 1918. Notice is hereby given that Thomas H. Parker, of Jesseville, Arkansas, was on October 1, 1918, made homestead entry No. 011:1:46, for E 1-2, NW 1/4 SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 2, and S 1-2 NE 1-4, and S 1-2 NE 1-4, Section 1, Township 1 N, Range 19 W, Principal Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make Three Year Proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before U. S. Commissioner, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, on the 15th day of October, 1918. Claimant names as witnesses; Haywood Smith, of Jesseville, Arkansas; Tom McRey, of Jesseville, Arkansas; Albert L. Magby, of Jesseville, Arkansas; and John W. Allen. (Tues.) Register. WARNING ORDER. In the Chancery Court of Garland County, Ark. A. G. Hinton, plaintiff, vs. Hassle Hinton, defendant. The defendant, Cussie Hinton, warned to appear in this court within thirty days and answer the complaint of the plaintiff. A. G. Hinton. Witness my hand and the seal of said court this 11th day of August, 1888. V. W. ROWNS, Clerk. CHAPPED, Atty. ad interim. NOTICE TO CREDITORS. Notice is hereby given that letters of administration on the estate of Dowitt C. Hugg, deceased, were issued to the undersigned by the clerk of the Probate Court of Carlin County, in the State of Arkansas, on the 11th day of July, A. D. 1916. All persons having claims against said estate are therefore hereby notified to exhibit the same to the undersigned, properly authenticated, within six months after the date of such letters or they may be precluded from any benefit in said estate. And if such claims be not exhibited as afore said, within one year after the date of such letters, they will be forever barred and precluded from any benefit from said estate. Given this 21st day of July, A. D. 1916. J. H. AVERY, Administrator with the annexed, of the Estate of Dowitt C. Hugg, deceased. Department of the interior, U. S. Land Office at Little Rock, Ark., June 14, 1918. Notice is hereby given that William T. Plummer, of Gladstone, Arkansas, who, on March 21, 1912, made Homestead Entry, No. 09510, for SE 1-2 SE 1-2 SW 1-4 NW 1-4 SW 1-4 SW 1-4 SE 1-4 NW 1-4 SE 1-4 NW 1-4 NW 1-4 NE 1-4 SW 1-4 SW 1-4 SW 1-4 NW 1-4 NE 1-4 SW 1-4 SW 1-4 SE 1-4 NE 1-4 SW 1-4 SE 1-4 NE 1-4 SW 1-4 SE 1-4 NW 1-4 SE 1-4 NW 1-4 SE 1-4 NW 1-4 SE 1-4 SE P. Parker, of Cedar Glades, Arkansas. JOHN W. AM.EN, Register. , (Saturday) -a-- < SACRIFICE. I On account of tho continued bad health of Judge Cobb 1 am forced to sell our home on Fourth street. This is < an eight room house with good o it buildings. The lot is 100 by IDO feet and ihe improvements could not now be replaced for less than ID.OOO.'tO There is not a more desirable subur ban homo in the city. If sold within the next ten days $800.00 cash wilt handle it. Phone ilfii Mrs At S. Cobh. 8 2--IC _ LEGAL NOTICES COMMISSIONER S SALE. Notice ie hereby given, that in pur sitaUco of the authority ami directions contained in the decretal order of the Chancery Court of Garland County, made and entered on the loth day of June, A I*. l'Jls in a certain cauaoi t.\o. tit;:; 11 (hen pending tl’crotn be tween I'lio Southern Surety Company complainant, and M I. .Murphy do fondant, the undersigned, as Commit! sioner of said Court, will offer for sale a‘ public vendue to the highest bidder, at the front door or entrance of the] County Courthouse, in which eald Court is held, in the County of Garland! within the hours prescribed by law for judicial sales, on (he 23rd day of Se i tem'bcr A.l). lifIS, the following tie scribed personal property, to-wii 2 1-3 in. taps; 1 1-1 in. tap; 1 3-8 In tap; 1 1-2 In. tap; l 3-1 in tap; I 1-in. Tap; 1 1 1 -1 in. tap; 1 11-2 in. tap; 2 1-2 in. threading machines; square shank drills; 1 1-2 in. wood bit 17 in. long; 1 7-8 in. wood bit 2 in. long; 1 3-4 in. wood bit; 1 extension bit; 2 braces; 1 stove drill set; 1 pair snips; 1 3-lb. soldering iron; 1 2 lb. hatchet soldering iron; 1 Janu No. 1 A stock and dies 1 1-2-in to 1 in; 2 No. 1 Armstrong stocks; 3 No. 2 Armstrong stocks; 1 No. 2 1-2 Arm strong stock; 1 No. 3 Armstrong stock; 1 No. 2 Handy with dies 3 in to 1-in; 4 No. 2 Beavcrettes; 1 No. 1 A Toledo; No. Toledo with dies 2 1-2 in to 1 in; 1 No. 6 P.D. pipe machine colli pieto (Improved) with 3 1-2, motor also dies, guides and nipple chucks 2 dies for pipe machine, sets 1 1-2 in. dies; 1 set 1 1-2 in. dies; 1 holders; 1 No. 1 A Heaver cutter 2 No. 2 Trimo cutter; 1 No. 1 Sander cutter. 1 No. 1 Barnes cutter; 1 No. 1 Barnes cutter; 1 No. 1 Barnes cutter; 1 18-in Trim, wrench; 1 18-in. Trim, wrench; radiator spud wrench; 1 3-in. Colonola rad. wrench; 1 No. 1 Grealy chain tongs; 1 crow bar 60 in. long; 1 3-in. star drill; 1 102-in. drill; 3 11 I in. drills; 1 1-1 in. nip ple chucks; 3, 1-2 In. nipple chucks: 1 set 5-in. dies; 1 set nipple rhuctc blocks; I set 2 in. nipple holders; I No. :! Triiuo cutter; 2 No. 1 Trim.) (Utters: 1 No. 1 Saunders cutter; 2 No. 2 Barnes cutters; i No. Barnes cutter; 4 21 In. Trimo wrenches; 2 21 In. monkey wrenches; 1 2-In. Co lonial rad. wrench; t radiator bar wrenches; 1 No. 1 (irealy chain tongs. 1 crowbar 12 in. long; I crowbar tin i : long. 2 1-in star drills: 1 2-in. drill; 1 Tin. drill; 2 cold chisels; 4 3-8 in. nipple chucks; f. 2-4 in. nipple chueke; 11 1-1 ill. nipple chucks; 2 2 in. nipple (bucks; 2 2-lb. hammers; 2 12 It) ha miners; 10 bastard files; I No, R Van dor m a n vise; I No. 1 Toledo vi-e; 2 No. 2 Crane vises; 1 No 22 Reed vise; 2 1! in. rad.ator spreaders; 1 No. <12 Chatnlon post drill, X bits fa same; 2 sets 1-2 in. dies for No. I Armstrong stocks; 2 sets 1-1 in. dies for No. 1 \rtn. trong stocks: I scr .i-a in dies for No. 1 Armstrong stocks; 1 set 1-2 in. dies for No. I Armstrong stocks; ;i acts 2-8 In. dies for No. 2 Armstrong etocks; :t sets I 2 in. diet fer No 2 Armstrong stocks; 2 sen die lor No 2 Armstrong stocks; 2 sets 3 t Inch dies for No. 2 Ann strong stock'd; 2 sets 1 Inch dies for No. 2 Armstrong stocks; 1 sot 1-2 in dies for No. 2 1 2 Arm strong stocks; t set 1 to 11-1 in. or 2 1-2 in. Armstrong stocks: I set 1 t I in. dies and guide for No 2 Armstrong dock: I set 1 1 -2 In. dies and guide for No 2 Armstrong slock; 1 set 2-In. Lie, and guide for No. 2 Armstrong locks. 1 sets dies for No. Barnstutters; 2 jaws 21 in. Stilsou wrench; 1 Warren Webster socket; 5 plumbers' furnaces; 2 7 in. to 4 B-in pots; 1 28 in. level; 1 pair scales Cap. No. 24; 2 10-In. back and dikes; 1 cut off 1 1-2 in. to 2-1 H rni in or 1, mIiiITjuu uati • 1 ’ftl doset cleaning wire; 1 wooden mat; 1 wire brush; 1 electric extension oil; 1 mop; 1 funnel; 1 funnel; 1 funnel; 1 fan; 7 gal. oil cans; 7 copperized oilers; 0 2-in. test plugs; 1 6-in. test plug; water bucket; 11 picks; 1 asphalt pick; 1 75—ft. sewer rod; 1 20--ft. exile rod; 1 smoke test machine; 1 Singer display stand; 1 solder mold blow torch; 7 6-in pots; 1 Kmort wheel; 11 Fair scales Cap. 202 4; black saw frame; 1 street key; 1 construction pump; 2 hand saws; 2 commission saw blades; 1 2.7 ft. closet cleaning wire; 1 27—ft. tape measure; tully; 2 brooms; 1 well pulley; rowel; 1 window cleaning brush; gal. oil cans; 1 qt. oiler; 7 4-in. tes dugs; 1 2-in. test plug rubber; 1 Upper; 8 shovels; 1 wire flue brush. 10-ft. sewer rod; 1 wheel barrow, plungers; 1 closet brush; 4 wood horses; 1 10-ft. step ladder; 1 pair rugs, rubber the; 2 benches; shelving partitions and machine foundation; 1 wood sink and frame 22x74; 1 1x10 F R. enameled iron sinks; 7 7-x20 d.R, one piece enamel iron sinks; 1 16x24 enamel iron drain boards; 1 18x26 wood drain boards. LEGAL NOTICES Board, 1 pulask legs; 1 3-in. urinal with back; 2 hopper closets howls; 6 wash down closet howls (high tanks); wash down closet howls (high tanks); 2 cant split closet neats; a white closet scats; 1 No. 1 Hudson snower; 2 low down closets; combination; 2 a 1 2 foot porcelain bath tub; 1 good cabinet No. 2 complete; 1 Sun O-l.i outfit. 17 tans pipe solvent. No. 3 Heater water healer; 2 No. 1 New Process heaters, gas stoves; 2 No. 1 12. New Process heaters, gas stoves; 1 21 galkin Hasten Morley tank heater; 1 steel safe, 1 6 ft. extension ladder; 1 tool box; 1 in frames; plates; enamel high laid. Dr. B. W. Breedlove, Dr. J. R. Wilkins, Res. 811 Malvern. Phone 2133. Dr. Breederlove A. Wilkins, Physicians and Surgeons, Arkansas National Bank Building, Office hours: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., 2:00 to 5:00 p.m. Office Phone 31. City calls answered day or night. Dr. Breederlove's Tea for making Iced tea. This tea is procured only from the early flower pickings, which in the country is found in but few of the most exclusive stores, and then at prices varying from $2.00 to $5.00 a pound. Price on request. Drug Co., Phone 242-8-10. Dr. H. A. Simpson, has returned and can be found at his offices in the Arkansas National Bank Building, ground floor, elevator entrance. JAMES L. GRAHAM, Attorney-at-Law, General Practice in All Courts, Office, Lopez Bldg. Phone 740. J. N. Foote, Attorney at Law, Tint of the buckwheat cake, stop over on his fare, Green Bacon, dance around, says: "One good thing deserves an nutmeg." Meanin' dat of de snjer hoys so en de fichtln' for ids, de leas- we alls kin do is ter sen' 'em all de wheat—en eat buckwheat instid. Co'n meal, ryo en barley flour for us will be a lot too. Always at Your Service for Printing Needs! Is there something you need in the following list? Birth Announcements Wednesday, Saturday! Payment for tickets! Sale Bills Stand Bills Price Lists Admission Tickets Business cards Window Cards Time Cards Letter Heads Note Heads Bill Heads, Envelopes Calling Cards, Leaflets Statements Milk Tickets Meal Tickets Shippling Teds Amended Ar. Briefs Notes Coupons Pamphlets Catalogues Blotters, Circulars Invitations, Posters Folders Checks Blanks Notices Books Legal Blanks Manuscripts Posters Prodrams Prompt, careful and efficient attention given to every detail. Don't Send Your Order Out of Town Until You See What We Can Do! TIME TABLES Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific. Trains arrive daily, New York and Chicago, connecting at Memphis for all points. Daily, Little Rock and Mobile through train—connecting at Little Rock. It is the only route for Oklahoma and the Gulf. Memphis and Oklahoma. TRAINS ARRIVE: From Memphis and Little Rock, Memphis, and Oklahoma. From Memphis, Memphis, New York, Chicago, and all points. From Memphis, the train leaves Memphis, New York, Chicago, and all points. From Memphis, the train leaves Memphis, New York, Chicago, and all points. IClegant coaches! to Memphis and Chicago makes connection at Memphis for all points. No. 31, the 8:00 pm train, has a through sleeper to Memphis, also makes connection at Little Rock for Oklahoma City. Memphis, Dallas, and Gulf. Depart. No. 1 Daily except Sunday, 7:00 a.m. Direct connections at Ashdown with Kansas City Southern, Frisco, and Cotton Belt for Hope, Paris, Durant, Fort Smith, Joplin, Kansas City, all points in Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, and Oklahoma; direct connections for all points diverging from Texarkana. No. 2 Sunday only, departs at 10:15 for all points as above stated. Arrive. No. 2 Daily except Sunday, arrives at 2:50 p.m. Connections from points as stated above. No. 4—Sunday only, arrives at 5:00 a.m. from points as stated above. Missouri Pacific TRAINS DEPART. 1:00 p.m.—No. 1 to Little Rock and Memphis. Parlor car and diner to Hot Springs to Memphis. 6:00 a.m.—No. 5, to St. Louis, St. Louis, and Chicago. 6:00 a.m.—No. 5, to Little Rock, St. Louis, and Texas points. TRAINS ARRIVE. 1:00 a.m.—No. 17 Hot Springs Special from Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, Little Rock. Parlor car and diner. No. 219, from Memphis, Little Rock. Parlor car and diner. No. 5, from St. Louis and Little Rock. Secret Societies MASONIC. Hot Springs Commander, No. R, K. T., meets every first Monday. HUTTERFIELD, E. O. M. C. HICKMAN, Recorder. Hot Springs Chapter No. 47 R. A. M. meets every second Monday. Chapter. J. J. KEN, T. I. M. M. HICKMAN, Recorder. Hot Springs Chapter No. 47 R. A. M. The service will be held on the fourth Monday of each month. M. H. XMPBEI, H. P. M. M. C. H. R. M. AN, Secretary. Hot Springs, due No. 62, F & A M. Masonic Temple, first and third Friday of every month. T. R. RICHMOND, W. M. M. C. HICKMAN, Secretary. SUMPTER LODGE NO. 419 F. & A. M. South Hot Springs, corner West Grand and Fifth streets. Regular communications second and fourth Fridays at 8 o’clock p.m. Sidney L. Sim, W. M. Roy 12, Ermey, Secretary. B. P. O. W. Hot Springs lodge No. 30, F & A M. Meets every Wednesday evening at 8:30 sharp, at their new hall, corner Spring and Valley streets. Visiting brothers cordially invited. E. H. RANOROFT, E. R. Robt. Wilson, Secretary. Eastern Star. Hot Springs Chapter, No. 69, O. E. S., Masonic Temple, second Monday, 8 p.m. M. A. DEAN ELLSWORTH, Secretary. Camp No. 8, W. O. W. Shrader Chapter No. 5, O. W., meets second and fourth Friday nights at W. O. W. hall. UJJ* Valley Street. H. A. W. EATUSY. C. C. John E. Jones, Clerk. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS. Hot Serines Council No. 1746, Knights of Columbus, meets every first and third Thursday in their new hall, second floor of the hall at the southwest corner of Baths and Exchange streets. Visitors cordially invited to attend. W M. T. CODE, O. K. HARRY DOUGHERTY, D. G. K. ROYAL NEIGHBORS. Vapor City Camp No. 5777, Royal Neighbors of America, meets first and third Wednesday of each month in the M. W. A. hall. Visiting members are welcome. MRS ANNA WIDUAMS, Oracle. Emma Harsh, Recorder. MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA Hot Springs Camp 1334, meets second and fourth Wednesdays at the K. P. hall. George D. Midkiff, consul; E. E. Kyle, clerk. Clerk-office Wash That I Itch Away There Is absolutely no sufferer from arthritis who our used the simple wash D. D. D. and did not feel immediately that wonderfully calm, cool sensation that comes when the itch is taken away. This soothing wash penetrates the pores, gives instant relief from the most distressful skin diseased. D. D. D.
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L'arrachage s'effectue en octobre, généraliment à la pioche. Ces cultures sont trop restreintes dans notre Midi pour pouvoir employer une aracheuse. Après l'arrachage, on# expose les tubercules au soleil pour les faire, sécher. Le rendement est assez variable il varie entre 10,000 et 20,000 kilog. à l'hectare. selon les variétés la patate minime est une des plus productives. La patate demande des engrais comme leautres plantes le fumier de ferme très consommé produit les meilleurs effets «arlenijplui des engrais chimiques sulfate de 1 notaet superphosphate, on arrivera certiiu> ment à augmenter la production. A r.dtre avis, la culture de la patate dans noso'ntrct's méditerranéennes ayant une ceriai:i importance et pouvant être la source Jui: revenu non négligeable, mérite d'étiv pri>een considération et soignée par nos agricu'À>ifs méridionaux. L:wn.ve. II. Latikrk. GÉNIE RURAL Charrues JMultiplos M l'.ingelrnann.dans son f otit traité sur/>x .1/ "iifi agricoles tome i;, nous raconte que les ii, irrues multiples furent proposées pour la première fois eu 157$ par Bressan! Leur t'iiijkii lie date cependant que de ce siècle. <> jo'il des charrues pouvant l'aire plusieurs rai'-s la lois, hlles sont, par suite, formées d'autant d, '1"1'5 de charrue qu'elles •luisent ouvrir de raies. ''l'Liiuiunéinent ou les dé.-îiiaie sous le nom de Poi.yynr, mais ce terme n'est irueie précis, car une charrue peut avoir plusieurs S"t-< sans pour cela tracer plusieurs raies. Il existe, par exemple, .les charrues ̃li'l'uiuTUses, comme la délonci'iise de Sack, ayant iixés à un âge unique, et l'un derrière l'unir?, deux cui'ps de charrue, le soc et le versoir d'avant é!ant, b'u-n entendu, de petit mode! Cette charrue polysoc ••h i sert à défoncer, eiî rai meu.uit le sous-sol à la sur ace, ne fait qu'une mil1. '.Moi qu'il en soit, charrues multiples ou polysoc, ces instruments se eoinuo seul ae plusieurs corps de charrue montés -ur mi bâti en fer forgé le plus souvent et de i"r.ne triangulaire, porté par deux grandes "Ui-s et muni d'un support à l'avant. Sur ce bâti, les corps de charrue sont pla'̃s de telle manière que chacun d'eux fera sa nni En général, ces charrues ont deux, trois ̃ 'il 'inatrë corps de charrue et font deux (biM"' Irois (trisoc) ou quatre raies. '̃̃-s instruments sont munis à l'arrière. ̃Hi'Miit pour les modèles faisant trois raies ̃• l-!us, d'un levier de d été, -raye: un second le-er permet d'abaisser ou d'élever les !i;e< et conséquemment d'augmenter ou de 'iiiiiier l'entrure. U ligure que nous donnons représente un ii'1<̃̃̃̃ C'est le modèle de la maison Bajae, de i i x'iir{ (Dise1. Ses constructeurs l'ont ap!"̃'̃ le modèle « La l-'rançaise 11 y a deux » ïtos de cette charrue; le trisoc léger !'̃ ̃ environ 180 kilos et le trisoc fort pèse -̃̃̃'l-ilos. 1 "t instrument est tout en acier. Il peut ̃niier, avec deux petits chevaux, un travail (i-'chaumage de à ù centimètres de pro"J'i'ie.ur et un lahour de 18 centimètres avec. ̃ chevaux ou bœufs. Son réglage est des i'iu:, simples et il se manie avec la plus •̃f;u".de facilité. 'Jiiel est l'inli-rèt des charrues multiples? 1 l'ts charrues, dit .M. Miugelniann, pré~r'nieut différents avantafres, noUmimentdans ̃ labours légers. Leur traction relative est :N iaible, toutes choses égales d'ailleurs. 'i' 'elle des charrues à une raie; le tirage '̃^i Plus régulier, il n'y a pas du-coups: celte >i:!iiornnté de traction se conçoit facilement. ̃ 'es résistances de la terre à deux ou trois "isoirs solidaires oscillent dans des limites ̃•iremtes, tandis ^ue dans les charrues simples les écarts entre le maximum et le uiinimuiu sont très étendus. « D'un autre coté, elles permettent d'exécuter le travail beaucoup plus rapidement et économiquement. Si pour labourer dans une lene d'innée, l(j '> il tant deux chevaux, pour faire dans le même temps une dimension double ;ltj 4. lartre il faudra employer deux charmes, quatre chevaux el deux conducteurs. Avec une charrue a deux raies on aura besoin de dois chevaux el d'un conducteur, don économie d'un cheval et d'un homme. Ilans les deux cas. un labourera soixante-dix ares par jour il y aura donc, en faveur de la charrue à deux raies, par hectare labouré, une économie de près !.ue journée et demie d'homme el autant de cheval. :> on l'ail aussi des charrues brabants multiples, c'est-à-dire à double liisoc ou à double insuc. Le travail de ces instruments est aussi régulier que celui des bruhunts doubles ordinaires. La maison Biijac, par exemple, eu construit de toutes forces, suivant la nature des terrains où ces machines sont appelées à fonctionner, aussi bien pour lus déchaumages que puur les gros labours. Comme pour les charrues brabants ordinaires, chacun de ces types est construit, le plus souvent, de telle surte que t'on peut lui adjoindre, à l'avant, des rasettes puur l'enfouissement des fumiers et des mauvaises herbes. Naturellement, ces charrues sout d'un poids assez, élevé. L'ne charrue brabant double trisuc pèse environ 300 kilos, sum traîneau, et il faut de quatre à cinq chevaux si l'on veut lui faire exécuter un labour dépassant 1-' à !̃") centimètres. n'en est pas moins certain que dans la yraude culture, en économisant de la main-d'œuvre, en permettant d'exécuter rapidement un bon travail, la charnu: brabant double liisiic et même la rkairue hrabanl double Irisoc peuvent rendre de grands services. Cetti; dernière fait le travail de trois brabants ordinaires, tout en n'employant qu'un seul conducteur et en supprimant deux chevaux. Dans un prochain article, nous dirons un mot des charrues dél'onceuses et des charrues fouilleuses..Naturellement nous reviendrions avec plaisir sur les sujets déjà traités si nos lecteurs nous demandaient des renseignements complémentaires, VAy rien Hure Xoucelle ayant pour unique objectif d'être le conseiller de ses lecteurs. K. .<». Nous rappelons à nos correspondants que VAijricultur? Sonve.lle inséi1'1 t;Tatuileni';ut loutes les communications ofiicielles des Association s iigricoles (Sociétés, Comices. Syndicats, etc.' et iiuuuncH toutes les Exposition* et Concours dont les programme:: tui sunt adresses à cet etl'et. .V'ii.s en^a^euns iemenl les intéi^ss. s k profiter de cette pv^licité considérable que nous mêlions si gr.ici«us';iinj[it à leur disposition. ––––––––––––~t––––––––––––– A. F» I C XJ H. TTTLT Et SS Observations sur l'hivernage des abeilles Plusieurs fois déjà j'ai entretenu mes lecirurs .ius conditions les plus favorables à l'hivernavi! des abeilles, et je pense? que l'on ne saurait trop revenir sur cette question. assez mal comme du plus grand nombre des apiculteurs, qui p issedent des idées souvent 1res incomplètes ou 1res fausses sur la manière dont les colonies traversent la mauvaise saison. Pendant l'hiver, les abeilles ne sont pas endormies et immobiles comme le croient encore beaucoup de personnes: elles ne sur teut plus, il est vrai, que rarement, lorsque lu température s'adoucit, et sans s'éloimier de l'habitation; mais la vif dans l'intérieur n'en existe pas moins. Dès tes premières manifestations ilufr-iid, les mouches qui. pendant la saison chaude, étaient répandues sur un gnind nombre de rayons, (|uil(i!iit ceux des extrémités el se groupent en masse dautanlpluscouipacte que bfroid est plus vif. Le groupe, toujours placé en leur du trou de roi, sur un nombre de gâteaux variant avec l'importance de la famille, prend lafornied'unesphère aplatie au lieu de la forme allongée qu'alleeto un essaim à la branche, pendant la bulle saison. Les insectes sont accrochés les uns aux autres, chacun ayant sa tête sous l'abdomen de celui placé au-dessus. Le miel destiné aux provisions csl toujours disposé à la partie supérieure des rayons, au-dessus du groupe, et non pas sur toute leur étendue. Les abeilles se massant alors sur les cellules vides, la station sur des alvéoles pleins leur est, en eil'et. fort désagréable. Les premières seules accèdent aux provisions, elles s'en emparent au fur et à mesure des besoins, les passent à celles plaj ̃̃('̃es derrière et ainsi jusqu'aux extrémités du groupe. Tout en conservant sa compacité, les élénients qui le constituent changent de. place. les mouches de la partie inférieure grimpent au sommet pour se rapprocher, a leur tour, à la fois de la matière sucrée et Ju point le plus chaud. A mesure que les provisions s'épuisent en un point, le groupe tout entier se déplace lentement, de bas en haut, dans les rayons plus hauts que larges (cadres Layers.i et d'avant en arrière dans les rayons bas (cadres Uadaut'i. Dans lois les cas, on comprend de suite la nécessité d'un rayon assez urrand pour contenir toute la nourriture nécessaire aux abeilles qu'il porte, sans que cellessoient obligées de passer sur un autre avaivt la lin lies froids. Il arrive, en eilet. dans les ruches petits cadres, que par les 1res grands froids la niasse des abeilles devient presque immobile, et l'on trouve des colonies mortes de faim et de froid ;'i c<>té de rayons encore remplis, sur lesquels elles i n'ont pas eu la force de passer. Le Congrès des apiculteurs de France a adopté comme dimension la plus favorable des cadres une superlici. de 1J d. m. c, soit j 30 ,40 c m. ou 3ô <:•£> c. m. Cette superficie | répond ù tous les besoins, et 'engage mes lecteurs à l'adopter. Le cadre de 12 d. m. c. jouit, en outre, d'un grand nombre, d'avantages il contient exactement 1O,tKX) cellules d'ouvrières plein, il renferme environ i kilos de miel chargé d'ouvrières pressées, il en porte près de r>,n'iK) ces chiffres simples favurisent au plus haut degré l'évaluation des provisions, du couvain et de la population. Lorsque le froid devient très vil. les abeilles s'agitent par des vibrations continuelles pour élever le degré de chaleur il en est de même lorsqu'une cause quelconque met le groupe en émoi. Cette agitation pour résultat immédiat la consommation dune plus grande quantité de nourriture. Si. par suite île visites ou de secousses intempestives pendant l'hiver, l'agitation devient telle que le groupe compact se rompe, les abeilles isolées sont impuissantes à maintenir leur température au degré voulu et ne tardent pas à périr. Un apiculteur déplorait, il y a quelque temps, devant moi. la mort de plusieurs ruches que des enfants avaient prises comme cibles pour leurs boules de neige. Il conviendra donc d'éviter, avec le plus grand soin, toutes les causes qui pourraient troubler la tranquillité des colonies el laisser les ruches dans le repus le plus absoln pendant tout l'hiver. L'apiculteur soigneux prendra, dès l'automne, ses précautions pour que les abeilles soient nhondainme.nl pourvues de tout ce qui leur sera nécessaire jusqu'au retour des premières Heurs. L'introduction d'un thermomètre, à longue tige au centre de la masse montre que dans des conditions normales, la température s'y maintient entre 10 et I-"C; une agitation provoquée par une secousse brusque fait en quelques secondes monter la colonne mercurielle jusqu'à 2."j ou :iO"C; elle redescend ensuite très lentement à son niveau primitif, au fur et à mesure que tes abeilles se calment. Ce qu'il y a de mieux, par conséquent, est de s'ahstenir île visites pendant la durée de l'hiver, surtout pendant tes journées froides. .Si, par suite d'un accident. la chose est absolument nécessaire, on devra opérer très rapidement et très doucement, par une belle journée où le thermomètre marque lu à 1^ Dans certaines régions de la France, les paysans prolitent cependant des périodes ou la température est la plus basse pour effectuer la récolte du miel, parce qu'à ce moment les abeilles engourdies pur le froid sunt moins capables de se défendre. est la une pratique des plus vicieuses, dont le résultat presque infaillible est d'amener la mort de la colonie. Pendant les belles journées d'hiver où le soleil luit et lorsque la température remonte ii-l-Oà l'ombre, on voit les mouches effectuer des sorties, sans s écarter cependant de leur demeure. Ce sont là des sorties de propreté très favorables, les abeilles éprouvant le besoin de vider leurs ititestins jamais eu effet les excréments ne sont rejetes dans l'intérieur. lorsque la nichée est bien portante. Si par suite d'un froid trop prolongé ces sorties ne peuvent se faire, les matières s'accu.niilent dans l'intestin et il en résulte des maladies graves qui déciment les familles. Cet accident a surtout lieu lorsque la nourriture hivernale est de mauvaise qualité, constituée j par exemple par des jus de fruits, des sucres impurs; il est très rare au contraire avec le bon miel ou le sirop de sucre blanc, ces aliments laissant après la digestion des résidus insignifiants. Certaines colonies nourries trop tard et avec une nourriture trop liquide souffrent souvent dès les premiers jours de réclusion, si la ruche n'est pas abondamment ventilée, par suite de l'excès de vapeur d'eau provenant de lévaporation du sirop et qui reste enfermée dans l'intérieur. On a préconisé quelquefois la rentrée des ruches, surtout des ruches faibles, dans des caves ou des celliers, ou même leur enfouissement dans la terre, sous prétexte de les tenir plus au chaud. Les enfouisseurs de ru.cbes n'oubliaient qu une chose, c est qu'une colonie bien nourrie craint beaucoup plus le ̃oanque d'air que le froid: ceux de mes lecteursqui ont des niches faire périr peuvent essayer, cela manque rarement, «.niant à la rentrée en local clos, je la trouve pour le moins inutile et encombrante: en tous les cas, la température île la cave ou du cellier ne devra pas être supérieure à +̃ lu" C, sous I peine de voir les abeilles vivre dune exisI lenre plus active que de raison et par suite consommer plus: nous avons vu que ce degré de chaleur est celui qu'elles maintiennent normalement dans leur groupe pendant l'hiver. La lecture attentive de ces simples observations donnera à mes lecteurs la clef de quelques insuccès sur lesquels j'ai été souvent consulté; je souhaite que leur mise en pratique puisse les faire éviter l'avenir. R. Hommki.i,, l'i-ol'es^eur d'agriculture à Riom l'uy-dc Dùmei. l/Ar.nicui.TURE nouvkllk n'autorise la repntthirliuit lie s?s tirtirle* i/it n ttt < owlition d'en inilii/tter io/'iyiitr et le nom de l'auteur. L UiRICUTlRE ET L'ARMEE l.p journal Agriculture Nouvelle n'a cesse de réclamer dans maints articles l'abandon df la dispersion à de grandes distances pour l'affectation des jeunes soldat» de chaqne classe du recrutement, et de demander qu'on laisse ceux-ci bénélicier des avantages dune répartition faite comme autrefois dans la région de leur corps d'armée ou du moins à une distance modérée du domicile, de leur famille. Ht cette faveur est même un droit décision ministérielle de février IS90 pour ies boulines qui ne sont pas incorporés dans l'armée, mais seulement soumis à une année d'instruction militaire. lin un mot. il faut faciliter le jeu latent et incessant des petites permissions dans liiiléret des familles el des travaux des champs, puur réaliser des économies sur les dépenses de la solde, pour dégager le casernement, l'assainir et prévenir les lièvres éruplives qui résultent surtout de l'encombrement des hommes dans les chambrées. D'une manière générale et devant les mécomptes dus aux errements qu'on suivait depuis le vote de la loi du lô juillet 1889. on est revenu à une dispersion à moyenne distance, sauf les exceptions fâcheuses qui suivent Les jeunes soldats de la Seine et de Seineet-Oise, surtout pour les hommes qui ne sont tenus qu'à l'armée d'instruction, pourraient j être facilement disséminés à faible distance j en les répartissant dans les 7S corps qui tiennent garnison autour du gouvernement militaire de l'aris, dans les :£̃ 3e, Ie et ~>' régions. II n'en est rien et l'on abuse pour ces hommes de l'envoi à grande distance, par exemple, au milieu de la G« région et même sur la frontière de l'IOst. Un département du Sud qui aurait dû garder dans sa région ses hommes à l'instruction, en envoyait au contraire un cinquième à Lyon. Et eu IS9i il en disperse une fois plus, deux cinquièmes, et il ne les envoie plus à Lyon, niais à lielfort, à Langres et même à Commercy. Où s"arrêlera-t-on Un corps de l'Kst a reçu des hommes venus des liassesPyrénées et des Charenles. Pourquoi ces excopiions et où s'arrêtera-t-on si l'on peut inij puuéinent faire une dispersion arbitraire et contrairement aux décisions ministérielles.' '1 Pour l'assainissement des casernes, il ne suffit pas qu'un département conserve ses propres conscrits dans sa région. Il faut aussi qu'on ne lui en envoie pas qui viennent de points trop éloignés et qui de la sorte ne peuvent pas prendre part au mouvement continu des petites permissions. Ainsi tous les dépar tements sont solidaires et ils doivent faire cause commune pour réclamer la généralisation du mode de répartition des classes de recrutement à faible ou tout au moiin à moyenne distance dans la région oudausdts départements limitrophes. C. B. VITICULTURE La Vinification par l'eau oxygénée Nous avons reçu la note ci-jointe, que nous 1 reproduisons avec l'intention de iloniier prochainement notre avi^ sur cette, question La fermentation tumultueuse, provoquée par une trop grande variété de germes, suus lïnlluence d'une chaleur trop élevée, nuit toujours à la qualité des vins, et très souvent 1 occasionne leur altération. Dans le but de l'éviter, j'ai découvert le moyen de déterminer une fermentation nurj maie, en stérilisant tes inoùts. après avoir foulé les raisins, par l'addition d'un peu d'eau oxygénée pure, et de les conserver ainsi, mélangés avec les marcs, s'il s'agit de vins rouges, jusqu'à a que la température soit favorable. La quantité d'eau oxygénée qu'il faut finployer varie suivant sa concentration, et suivant tes pays toutefois, d'après les résultats de tues essais, deux à trois litres, à lu volumes, suffisent pour 10 hectolitres de vin, mais une expérience plus complète peut amei lier à modifier cette proportion. Mais pour que cette stérilisation soit el'Rcace, il convient de maintenir les grappes dans le nioi'it, si la conservation s'effectue dans des cuves, et de tes préserver du contact de l'air. Lorsqu'on veut faire fermenter ces inoùts stérilisés, on tes chauffe, après avoir pressé le marc, à un degré de chaleur de 00" à ij.>. en se servant, de préférence, d'un appareil ;t pasteuriser, et en évitant l'action directe ih feu, pour les autres genres de chaudières. A cette température de 00°, l'eau oxygénée se décompose, il n'en reste rien de nuisible si elle est pure, et dès que les moûts se sont convenablement refroidis, ou les ensemence avec une levure de vin sélectionnée. La fermentation s'établit alors d'une manière régulière, et les vins obtenus se conservent mieux, tout en gagnant sous le rapport de la qualité, leur go.'it étant devenu plus franc. La facilité de pouvoir faire fermenter les vins, par petites cuvées successives, en temps propice, et en opérant presque iudintrielleinent, rendra donc. il me semble. l'application de mon procédé très avantageuse dans les pays chauds, comme l'Algérie." L. Eue Mouline. Échos Viticoles Stations œnologiques Par arrêté du Ministre de l'agriculture en da •; du tu janvier courant, une station œnologiquest créée à Narbonne. Le Phylloxéra Par arrêté préfectoral en date du 21 décembre 18'Ji, la libre circulation des cépages exotique est autorisée dans les communes de Durtal de ltuillé. canton de Durtal, arrondissement c Baugé Maine-et-Loire). Par arrêté préfectoral en date du i7 décembriS9i. la libre circulation des cépages de tout?; les provenances est autorisée dans la commuw Ij^aviKiH'-Sous-le-Lude, canton do Lu de. arruu.ligsement de la Flèche ;Sarthe;. Par arrêté préfectoral en date du 10 décembre Iflii. U libre circulai ion dos cépages de toutes ,,iiif; ̃<H'I'< a été autorise ilnns la rommiinr lr I,i ̃< .m. canton de (jli.'iteau du Loir, uirundisït-uieiil <lf Suint-<:alais (Sartln Mil relié aux vins ljN_ie Ip mauvais temps et les communiraioii';iii étaient très difficiles, le marché au .,117 janvier à iNolay iCôte-d'Or u eu ont, prl.ii •' animation et j. été très fréquenté, l.i"i-itantillunsi do vin étaient liion choisis. li. mvi'ps de la recolle 18 H uni été vendues ·: ,!i le lïl et iiti fr. Lies ventes de détail ont -̃ r.nt>-s île 70 à !'i fr. en vin roui:e les vins • I ;• 1 1 < • sisunt vendus ù raison de 43 francs la euillt-lle. I. marcs snnt toujours tenus au môme prix. I.' v.uclie des bois |inur j; relier a été très iniiii'i:ii plusieurs propriétaires du Midi et du |.iivunais avaient amené leur récolte il en ;i élé t'iidu environ luo mille aux prix suivants îM'l.uiis île IS à ?2 l'r. les lUOO de l'"XM.lini inpiria.ordinaires de .>r> à 10 fr. – Ilifiarius liloire de 15 à r>ij fr. t.prochain marelle aura lieu le 22 février. l', Imposition <l«> vins A Ici iiù du inuis dernier, le Comice agricole de vu-bonne (Aude', présidé par M. Andrieu, avait .•̃i.uii^é une importante exposition de vins. Les prix 'I honneur ont été remportés par MM. A. liflissenl Mis. de Kilou. Alexis Millet, de Narbonne v ns rouges.. Cathala. à Paraza (vins blancs,. Les cuves Toulôe Imns une note publiée par le Bullelin de la clMiulire d agriculture de Tunis. M. liiban donne <nii •̃[̃iiiion sur le sylènie de vinification de M. 'l'uni. -e i|ui consisle ennime on sait à employer. ̃ i u i rles pays ehauds, des cuves en tùle émailiéu nm >̃ permettre le refruidissenienl plus rapide ili's nioûls. M. Hiban pense que la surface de. la i-iivh Toutée n'est pas assez développée pour agir sur toute la masse du moût, que le viticulteur ?w:i obligé quand même de recourir au remonl;iat: ii ii liquidée! aux réf libérants, qu'en résumé il st!i-:iil dangereux, pour le moment du moins, ilen^u-er les viticulteurs algériens et tunisiens à rem. i nier leur outillage pour des avantages enrure prnbléniaUques. Ce qu'il y a de certain. ajoute M. Hiban. c'est que les cuves Toutée cuùtent à peu près aussi cher que le bois et ne peuvent le remplacer comme logement arnélio Min i" vin. » II > ol de noire devoir d'enn-yir-lrer ces obser1. ^undance des matières nous met dans l'oblii; ilini de renvoyer notre prochain numéro l.nl.lede notre collaborateur M.A.Bernard. iliree.fM.ir du laboratoire agricole départemental '.ei.ie.ny (Saûiie-el-Loire;, sur rKchantillonnatîe dvs l-ries. :IIZa.s: HORTICULTURE LtCS COUCHES 'ii nomme ainsi des amas de matériaux susceptibles d'entrer eu fermentation et préparés en vue de l'utilisation de la chaleur que 1" 'ermentatioa détermine, pour la culture plantes qui exigent un sol plus chaud (1'̃̃ I;1 pleine terre. Lts matériaux les plus couramment employés sont le fumier frais, et de préférence celui de cheval, et les feuilles mortes. La. confection d'une couche n'est pas chose ̃uissi facile qu'on le croit généralement, cl beaucoup d'insuccès dans les semis, les boujtures, etc.; sont dus aux couches mal faites. La chaleur qu'une couche peut dégager est u autant plus forte et moins prolongée que le mimer est plus frais et moins mouillé. II "•nsmt que. fins sa durée devra être longue «• a température prolongée, plus un emploiera du fumier fait fit plus ou t'additionnera de feuilles mortes qui ont la faculté de développer une chaleur douce et très soutenue mais l'épaisseur de la couche doit aussi être prise en considération. Après avoir apporté sur l'emplacement les matériaux nécessaires, on les mélange aussi intimement que possible et on les mouil!'1 jusqu'à ce que tout dégagement de chaleur j suit iiioinenlanéinenl arrêté; on brasse ensuite le tas plusieurs lois successives à un ou deux jours d'intervalle, et ou arrose chaque fnis de nouveau selon le besoin, Un proI cède ensuite au mnnhigo de la couche, qui i doit être fait avec la plus grande régularité possible, pu piétinant fortement et partout chaque lit de fumier et en arrosant encore si besoin est. un place enfin le ou les coffres. j puis l'épaisseur de terre préparée ou terreau nécessaire aux plantes qu'on doit y cultiver. Mais, avant de semer ou de planter quoi que ce soit, il est nécessaire de laisser la couche dégayer sa première chaleur, ce que les jardiniers nomment le coup iii> far. puis, lorsque la température sera redescendue au degré voulu, ce qui arrive au bout de cinq à huit jours, et dont il est bon de s'assurer à l'aide d'un thermomètre, ou peut sans crainte lui conlier ies graines au les plantes qu'on lui destine. Les dimensions à donner aux couches sont subordonnées à celles de l'emplacement dans lequel on les construit; lorsqu'elles doivent être garnies de coffres ou cadres mobiles supportant les châssis ou panneaux, on leur donne généralement .0 ù 3U cent, de largeur en plus sur toutes les faces de ceux-ci. Quant a leur épaisseur, elle varie selon la température exigée et selon la durée, épaisseur qui varie de 25 à 80 centimètres. Le plus souvent. les couches sont construites en plein air. au niveau du sol. mais quelquefois dans une tranchée, dans des châssis ou bâches fixes et quelquefois même dans les serres. La chaleur que dégagent les couches est nommée chaleur il<; fond par les jardiniers, afin de la distinguer de celle de l'atmosphère environnante cette chaleur a une inlliienct' des plus heureuses sur le bon et rapide déve loppement de beaucoup de plantes herbacées, et est même indispensable pour quelquesunes. Lorsque la chaleur d'une couche commence à s'affaiblir, on peut lui redonner une certaine activité en enlevant le fumier qui dépasse le coffre et eu le remplaçant par une bande de fumier neuf, préparé à cet ellét et que l'on applique avec régularité, en le faisaut monter jusqu'au bord supérieur du coffre. Ces bandes de fumier neuf se nomment réchauds on peut les renouveler autant de fois que le besoin s'en fait sentir. Les réchauds fournissent aussi un moyen précieux de protéger les châssis pendant l'hiver. Les couche. son.rd.es, encore nommées capolx, se distinguent des couches ordinaires en ce qu'elles sont construites dans une tranchée et destinées à réchauffer pendant longtemps la terre dans laquelle on cultive certaines plantes, telles que les courges et les cornichons, les melons dans le Midi, pouvant croître en plein air sous notre climat, mais ayant besoin d'une certaine chaLur de fond. Les horticulteurs donnent encore le nom de couche en jtlancher a celle qui couvre une grande surface devant recevoir plusieurs coffres, ceux-ci n'étant séparés que par d'étroits sentiers. Il est bien plus rapide et plus économique de monter une seule grande couche que plusieurs petites séparées. Les maraîchers emploient très généralement ce procédé. Il est peu nécessaire d'insister sur l'utilité | et les bons résultats que donnent les couches. L'usage qu'en font les horticulteurs et surI tout les maraîchers de la région parisienne le démontre suffisamment. Le fumier étant employé comme engrais dans tous les jardins, on a là un moyen économique d'obtenir, en utilisant la chaleur qu il dégage pour se décomposer, une foule de produits ou <1«»' jeunes plants bien plus tôt qu'on ne pourrait les avoir eu pleine terre et parfois inème sans chances de succès. C'est surtout pour la Gulture des primeurs potagères, pour les semis de printemps et pour la culture des planter destinées a 1 ornementation estivale des jardins, que les couches rendent des servi.es: on Ifs emploie aussi fréquemment pour la multiplication par boutures d'un certain nombre de plantes molles. Avant de terminer. Faisons remarquer que la couche réunit mieux que n'importe quelle autre couslructkuu 10s conditions nécessaires an développement des plantes herbacéesà végétation rapide, relle-ci y trouvant d'abord la chaleur de fond lente el régulière, puis la chaleur et l'humidité atmosphérique indispensables, et uulin la proximité du viI trage qui évite leur élioleuiPiil. 1l~t~t ïGT. S. M'Uïrt. LA PRODUCTION ♦ CIO:894 LA PRODUCTION OES CIDRES Eîi 1894 l.i récolte des cidres s'est élevée, en l.i, à. Ki.Vil.uril hectolitres elle dépasse de '-i millions 1>1. Ilo hectolitres la moyenne des dix derniêre-j années, mais elle est inférieure do 10.iWi.it i hectolitres à la récolte de 18! qui. colonie on sait, avait été tout à l'ail exceptionnelle Malgré cette diminution, à laquelle on devait néee-sairemeul s'attendre, le rendement de la reeolle est généralement considéré comme satis-' faisant. l. l'ouïles 10 premiers mois de lS9i. ii-Vi hectolitres ont été importés au lieu de. l.&iZ ..moyenne décennale) et 815 (Cil 189:i); et lti,:)r>:i hectolitres ont été exportés au lieu de 13,313 (moyenne dé-, cennalet et Ii,i>o7 en 1893. Les départements où la récolte du cidre a été lii plus considérable sont: llte-el Vilaine. 'i.THl.tll hectolitres, au lieu de 5,1111.0110 en IS'.i: Calvados. l.^y.i.Wi, au lieu de 3,55>i.^i:>: Eure. 1 .01*3,079. au lien de 1,971,321: Cûtes-du-Nord. l.9*.97O, au* lieu de i.731,010: Seine-Inférieure, l.:»9.!W5, au lieu de 1 .543,1 il 0: Orne, 1,070,100, au lieu de 2,753,050: Morbihan, «70,307, au lieu de 2.CH).oU0, etc..etc. En résumé, pour 11 départements, larécolte de 1894 a été en augmentation 'inr-igniliante d'ailleurs 'au lotal, îS.767 hectolitres) sur l.S!>3: et pour 00 départements elle a été eu diminution. X.' «>_ TOUJOURS A JW08_ CD PÉCHER A M. Si., à Alhtivloilli'. Vous dites dans votre lettre que. vos murs n'étant pas crépis, mais seulement garnis de lils de fer, il ne vous est pas possible de donner à vos pêchers les formes régulières qui' sont décrites dans mon traité sur la culture de cet arbre, Il est évident que sur res lils de fer on ne peut arriver que difficilement à une régularité parfaite; cependant, en y adaptant des tringles de bois, dessinant le squelette de la charpente de la forme qu'on vent obtenir. on arrive presque au même résultat obtenu par le palissage à la lointe, surtout quand ou Italique ces tringles, qui doivent être assez résistantes, de deux autres plus petites servant, de chaque coté des branches cliarpenlières, à attacher les petites branches. Selon moi ou tort pour la culture du pècher de se servir de lils de fer tendus sur de* supports. Ce mode. qu'on adopte maintenant pour remplacer le treillage en bois, aux ay-anliiges de durée et de propreté qu il a sur ce. dernier, a malheureusement de graves incoirvéuients que n'a pas le treillage. Le contai du fer sur les branches du pécher y pro oytte souvent la gomme. Avec le treillage cela-nAir-1 rive pas, et de plus sa rigidité permet lin'dressage de charpentemieux suivi et ph.ts: régulier. Quand la lurme du treillage est iec> tan~ntairp.fitcfj'.itit'-ia direction ftf h ctMrpfnt~d<'sarhrfs''nUsitnp~tit~o)))df. fi)<:mt)~tabrp.fnp.ttn))'ttfsin(ptf.<io!)tdf. et eu rordunst'roiscs.~uaitd cette furn'f est fn fusante, etit'stt.tvorab)fauxror<Ions ubtiqm".ft:m.)c'r)!s~Ye))tai)''t(aî!f.K)t uutre le t.rf titube est he.mcuup pins roquât et. soit uvattt la tur~.diutt des sujet' suit qua)td (}m'')q)~s-uttsd't'ntrm'uxYi)'fnifnt.) manquer. ilin't.tissfj;t)))aisleum)anu..Maisjei''r~pt'tf,ousbifndf's rapport, itnesttftqn'' d'avuir des murs crépis en pi.'ttre.r, )n:n!itftt.utt qu~kprix de c<'<h'r)tit.')'cst partout :t)j~rd;)h!f.û)t~t(')'t dpncpascncn'pit'tt's mm'sdcs~spatit'ts. Quoi qu'i)~~ suit puis()uf'Yo'!mur': sont autrement disposes.mntih'tif f.nt'cplustf~ti;tftnps <'otmiU')''ina.ijris)t'rd~nslatahtcd'' not)'t'rattdL:doutai[tc:A'«/(f<if''<j'f,'M«/f/~ <f'.U<C. Pour faci)itf*r la formation rt'E'u)i'')'pdrs pi'cht'rssnrdt's titsdctfrt'tmt'mt'snrh' 'reiHa~e, surtout si! t'stu.Kt'<t)tdeea)t.empnt. voici couonfnt 01~ doit préparer les squelettes dt'srharpfntt's: Suppusutis d'a!)0['d la formp en ~Yt'ntait. Vou? prenez un piquet A!<t.s'ure1").puis au pied du mur,juste derrière te jeune sujet. vous t'enfonccx eu terre jusqu'à ce quit se trouve dfscfndu.tin. hauteurdt'sdt'ux rameaux qui doivent form'T les branches mères d'où partirout toutes les autres. Aux deux angles du piquet, vous m<*tte/ deux pitons t.f: puis vous prenez deux tringles H. H. sur lesquelles serotd attachées les deux brandies mères. A leur extrémité' inférieure, vous fixez au bout deux pitons 2, et vous eu mettez c.uah'mentdeux ou trois autres :t,:j, a la hauteur doù partiront les premières hraucru'ssecotidaires inférieures puis'paiement trois autres, i, 4, pour les deuxièmes secondaires int''rieures. Si je dis deux ou trois,c'estpour qu'il s'en trouve un des trois à peu près exactemeut a la hauteur des yeux qui doiveutfot'tuer ces branches. Quaud, pour fixer ces pitons on attend <)ue les bourgeons soient développes pour les placrt', connaissant alors leur place exactement, ii n'est plus ))ecessaii'(i d'en mettre plusieurs, i'e plus, ces pitons, servant a relier les tringles entre elles, it faut que l'un des deux de chaque attache soit un piton ouvert. On accroche donc les tringles R, B, aux pitons f,f, du piquet A; puis on les attache en V sur le treillage ou sur les fils de f;*). Les pitons formant ainsi charnière permettent chaque année d'ouvrir le autant qu'il est nécessaire. L'année suivante vous ajoutez, de chaque 'cùt6 de 1 arbre, une nouvelle thn-~e C, C, qui laide du pilon r., hxc en bout. vient s'accrocher a son tour dans celui des pitons 3 qui, sur )a tringle de la branche inere, est à la place d'où doit partir la branche secondaire inférieure ~trin~le h). On répète c~atement sur cette tringle ce quon a fait sur la première c est-à-dire .qu'un place plusieurs pitons C, 6, pour qu'il s en trouve un juste à l'endroit d ou partira -une troisième branche secondaire inférieure. Pour l'année suivante, vous aurez donc à pr'-parer quatrf n~~iv~Hes trir)?)fs )t. D, ft t'{[~qui.t'.t)'dt'nh~quHtut' s adapteront cumme les autres .mx endt'uits d'ou partiront les dernières In'ancites secon~dairesi![fetieures,soitaux pilous i.i,et u.('. ,)',usuite ou continue d'ajouter de nouvelles trustes jusqu'.t ce quêteur nom!)['e corresponde a celui des branches de la charpente. Unaifit de la même manière pour cfiaque forme en en moditun~t.hieuetitendu, les dispositions suivant l'exigence de chacune d'elles. Ainsi, dans la forme en palmette simple ou Verrier, le piquet va jusqu'au !sommet du mur. Les pitons serotit mis, de chaque côté, a tahauteur ou doivent être les cordons, endroit, en conséquence, on les tnn~les doivent être adaptées, toujours conmte il est dit plus haut.'Voir np;i.) <.es tringles seront d'abord accrochées plus ou moins obliquemoi~t.selou laforreque preudra. tout de suite, le dé'eloppement des rameaux qu'on pansse dessus. Cestensuite partedeptacemt')ttplusoumoit)si)u'lincdes supports que l'un peut iaciletuent équilibrer taseve. Pour la palmette double, on metdeuxpiqu.'ts:m)ieuduuet Ion y attache It's trin:;iescorrespuudaut aux cordons, cunnue un. fait pour les patux'ttes simples, t'ourla pal-; mette'errier,Iestri)tn)esd''scor()onsdoivent. ''tre articulées a t'endruit ou les cordons seront, redresses verticalement. t/t,'simple,l'L! double,te caude)a))re. toute f~)rme en un tnot'-e traitera de moue. permettant ainsi d'ol'tenir une régularité par~faite, aussi bien eu. espalier qu'eu coutre!espa)ier. rji)))ace de pitons on pourrait employer des cttarnieres, qui paraissent plus ration-. nt'Hes; mais, pour moi, te piton, quoique nmins ajuste, est beaucoup plus pratique. !'lus facile àposer.onu'apasacraiftdre que la rouiite eu etupeche le fonctionnement. uuoiqu'iiensoit,ilcstl)ouavantdetixerce))X qu'on place en bout, d'eutom'er 1 extrémité des ,[riut:lesduue)~asueeufildeferpourempecl~er que la pose du piton, faite sans cette précaution, testasse éclater. Cette tn.nuere certaine d obtenir des formes de pêchers tellement régulières qu elles sont, on peut le dire, presque fi~athematiques, est naturellement applicablenon seulement aux .tr))res cultivés en espaliers, maisaussi en plein air. La faihle dépense qu'elle mutive en plus est largeiuent compensf'e par la be.xue quelle donne auxarbres et la facilité qu'ona a pour l'obtenir. A propos du pec)!er en plein air, nous avons reçu d un de nos oldigeants abonnes de )''ontaine-ViH°neuve une lettre relative à leur culture, et motivée par la repense que ] ai laite danslen''1<)4del'~g<'iC)t«t«'e~'oMMe«e,ou un mut oulme a completemunt dénature le sens d'une plirase. Apres avoir conseillé cette culture sur des supports, comme ceux dont je parle plus haut, j'ai écrit Quant a wot,~ ne s<m ctMcu<t Mn~t/ffu~xi'e qui soit jo?'c'fra6~ poMr/e pfc/t~' en plein at/ or, je voulais dire Quant à moi je ne connais aucun aM~'f mode deculure, etc. ~fotre estimable correspondant nous indique dans sa lettre la manière dont un de si;s t'atnaradi'-et )uitr.uteutf'pethereupitin air depuis ptusteursanuees et dont ils-jt fut.ifrfun'ut satisfaits. Je lui passe la ptuim. "uuspre))nus)ept'('herduu.tU.tJesqu"sa "ti~aatU'i)itnn''h.njtem de )"«) uu)lt~)Ust''t''tut)Sit)mdftafiitebifmqup)<ur "trois un tju.ttt't* branches qni devront, nuus "fu!')n''tnust)t)ncht'ntf['us:fnsu[t~.p.~t. "d.Uttd''Huut!'ois:ms)l~)tsdotmut!S.')!tus hraorttt'sprincipaL'sunftt'nmtfurd~t~i~ dt~)'?t).[t~).atin(h'do)mpràt'ar))rpun 'rt'i'taiitdt'vp)opi)(')nptit:apr~sce tapsd!' "tf)t)ps,nousprati()no))s trois ou quatre hjis para)tIataiUed'tccnconunt;rn;autta)))e~'micretaiHc aussitôt que hL's.juuttes pouces "outun~)o)t~ut'()rde"°'U8ouu'"tU,a(i)~de produire <h'st)rindiik's,.mssirnpprorh''e! que pussiidc du bois de t.nnn''c prcccdt'nte. A tautumue, nous )'t'tr!un'i)ons dab~rd "toutes nos brauctu' qui pourraient M croiser ou qui ser:u''nt trop [approetn'cs. et uoustai)tous)~s autres sur les ~h'nx "hri<~di)ie-.[espu)srapprot'ttëesduvi"ux Khoiseudonnautatarbretaformesphe"riqut'uuduuedeuti-sp)K're." » Quand on est satisfait d'un système, on ne heu) pas urdiuairementaeu changer; cependant. qua)id je rencontre de véritables prati~.ieus aussi sérieux et aussi togiquesque ~parait être tautt'ur de cette lettre, je serais 'tr!stteur~;uxd'o))tenird'euxd'pnessayerd'.tui très pour qu'ils puissent tes comparer entre eux;carlanatur('du"at etcei!edu!rrrainontuneteDeinttnencesurIesvegpt.tnx, qn'H est bieaditticitedetabtir de justes'.untpar.usons sur les cultures diverses quun ieur.u)p)iquedausdittereutes contrées..Mais ap;)rtlesysten)edelataiii.edete,cest-a-dire dupi!)ca!eqneje trouve trop court et t''up .souventrcpet~voir le n°)t)-'de I'.t<<«" )<«t«;f~f) opération du res<)'pour )aque)tcL's professeurs sont ioind'ctredaccord, les t"tmes que notre correspoudant indique sunt ceUesdu~obe)et.etd'unë'enta't cinti~. )~)es sont très rationueUes quand on rte veut pas etnpioyer les supports. EDMOND CotTURIER. -.0» UN NOUVEAU PROCÉDÉ DE CO~SER~ Art0 UE!-) MAtSt~S t) La culture du raisin de tah)e à l'air )i)'re a pris aux environs de i~aris. notamment~ à rhonery, Argenteuil, ConHans,Mireco!ut. Audresy, etc., une fj-rande extension, c.jt ainsi qu'a a Ttiomery seulement, la production .uinneite dépasse rniHions de kilogr. Les cultivateurs cherchent à conserver le raisin aussi longtemps que possible après la récolte, car son prix de vent~' subit nue hausse énorme pendant t tnver. )'après les renseigoements fournis par un des grands cultivateurs deT)tomery,Iephxdukito~r.deraisi)tde i' choix était, dans ces dernières années. de a fr. de septembre à novembre. ft! Communk-ation présentée par~. Tisser&n'J. directeur de l'Agriculture à la ëucit-te fMUL'n~e d<t~rt(;nHme. ~i~.titSfr.c'i février-mars et même t.; à j~t;. eu avril-mai. Cette progression indiquer ,ufti'i:iin)e)tt que la conservation de ce fruit! nrt-sente de grandes ditticultés et que les pro-' ,jf~e[t usage sont encore très imparfaits. Lf[!J~'ct'tteqm'r-ti<j[tut)rHd~ncnjt intérêt J'p''fnnerord)'f. t~ des expériences relatives a ta conserv.tttun des fruits, que nonsavons entreprises .)ti!iH.ttiondeM.anot.dn'ectenrdeIKcote ,tti.'tted't)0)ticn)turede Versaittes.nons ai. été frappé de laction énergique des Y,)[j.dalcoot sur les moisissures qui se JfVr..ppentha))itue!t)')n<'nt a la surface des fr!)i~ dans un milieu Itumide. t'es poires et J~ j~j)]unes, maintenues plusieurs mois j.tu' "Ht:! atmosphère saturée de vapeur Je.m et de vapeurs aicootiques ne présentait'h~~as trace de moisissures, même ceUes q))i''trouv:uentdéj:tenvoiededécon)po:.itu. tandis que des fruits de même uatur. 't de nn'me origine, placés dans les H~Me s co)tditio)tS, sauf qu ils notaient pas ep's a laction des vapeurs d'alcool, en êtaieNt largement pouvus. .n~avottscherchéà tirer protit de ce fait pnuria conservation des fruits e)t.nouerai, )!ti-. tout particutiurement du raisin, car ces~urtout dans la conservation du raism qt[''b.moisissures constituent Uttohstacte de [n''miere importance. Il était à prévoir qu ~nnuuntenfLnt des raisins, dès la cueilt'-tt' dans une atmosphère à peu près satur.'f ~e vapeur d'eau et de vapeurs d alcoo!, on .uriv~rait,non seulement àlespreserver des OK~sissures. mais aussiàteuruouservf'r leur asp~.t.par suite du retard apporteàla transpir.t(i~u.Uesorteuue,sileMt/tf<f'<i/< fM«t~Mttf<Mt/)e/'f<<f()'ë~a.'f.<<K/t'< )ar(~isnrvation pourrait, être poussée très ioin et dans de bonnes conditions. ~o~ prévisions se sont pleinement réalisées. i.e3i octobre 18i't,cest,-a-direaune ppc()ne des plus tardives et, par conséquent. des [uoius favorables, nous avons p)ace, avec dnutres fruits, des raisins .chasselas de i-'ontaittehieau'' fraîchement cueillis, dans une eas~ paralteïipipedique en I)riquf's, cimentée "!t're!nentet fer!e,i'i b'en nne pu-ihie, par une petite porte ordinaire eu L(..i>.tf~ même temps, nous y avons introdui'~n petit hocat renfermant 1<JO centilitres d atru.!t a '~C°. tjans deux cases de construcUui~i.ientique et attenantes à la précédente. d).!)Lt[unea été maintenue ouverte et l'autre ft'n~e. niais sans atcooi, nous avons placé ct!<')ne jour des fruits de même nature et d'meprove))ance. Les fruits reposaient sm~utit de frisure de t'ois. Ces cases sont f!.)!~i)/s dans une cave de t'Ecote dhortirniture. très humide, et dont la température se.)..baissée régulièrement de tO a 8" centigrade;pendant la durée de l'expérience. Le ru novembre, les raisins de la case ouve:!tet surtout ceux de la case fermée, sans ~eu'd,étaient en majeure partie pourris et L'oi~erts de moisissures: aussi ont-its été entevés immédiatement. Dans la case à alcool, au contraire, les raisins étaient de toute Le.Luté un seul on'rait deux grumes de cou~r 'trune celles-ci étaient fermes, avaient cui)-;n'vë tout leur volume et se montraient tutoiement dépourvues de moisissures au gu~t. elles ne présentaient aucune amertume et digéraient ainsi nettement des grumes -'tt:K]t)ées par les moisissures, surtout par le fenicitlium glauemn. L'hygromètre i'njtteveu placé dans cette case marquait '.?". Le '7 déconbre, les raisins de la case à atcoot avaient toujours leur betle apparence toutefois, la ptupart offraient i ou ? grumes de couleur hrune, aux caractères indiqués "-d.sus. ~-e ?t décembre, mêmes constatations; la P'part des raisins montraient encore 1 ou ~r~unes en voie de décomposition. Uepnis début de l'expérience, c'est-à-dire après 'nuis environ, citaque raisin n'avait donc ~ore perdu que de ? a grumes. "enreux de ce résultat, nous avons soumis ce" raisins a l'appréciation de diverses personnes: d'un avis unanime, ils ont été trouves mamntiques. Les ranes étaient eticore parfaitemod )'f<<<et les grumes avaient conserve te!.rfermet' leur volume et s!n'tout leur saveur. i-.nunmot, ~< ~<'<«f«< <'«(<<< <f.< ~«ff/t/e.s </f <'t<ttf«.< /ra'c/t<'Nt''«/ <<t~ Ce r~'sultat nous parait offrir d'autant plus de valeur que les raisins ont été cueillis le~ :!0 octobre, cest-a-dire a une époque trètardive. Lfp)'oc)''dc que nous 3vonspmn)~itant. dfspius-iimptes, nous osuust'roire qu'il ~'st~ appet)' a s'' rép.mdru et a renipiacet' celui qui estact)n'nen)(jute<tu-)se. Tout toc.dà température ~'f!.<f et re~tf/fff. nu''nie)a cave la plus h~nniuc. pourra st'tir d''than)bre de CL'nserv.Hiû! Il suffira d'y<uh'rutcr tes raisins,des )actu'i)tt.'[t'Ians())'s (.'u)npartuuentsc)os aussi hit'u que p0!ih)e. outuuumiutit'udra une atmosphère ctiar~c de vapeurs a)c<joti([ues,et~ y expusautde t'.dcootdaus des récipients a tar~e ouverture. Le nneux serait de construire, une fois pour toutes, ces cumpartitnents eft briques creuses, de les cimenter intérieurement, et d y établir des claies superposées, recouvertes an besom de frisure de huis, pour recevoir tes raisit~s. 0)t devra t'videnuneut s'enorcer dohteuir une bonne fermeture des portes. La quautite d'atcoot nécessaire est relativementfaih)e.Dans notre case, où nousn'avo! pris aucune précaution spcria)e pour assurer une ))onue fermeture, il restait an hout de deux mois, des tu~centititresd'atcoo) introduits au début, 28 centilitres d'tui liquide atcooiiqueat)))". !)'aiHeurs. nous espt'-ro!t-; pouvoir donner plusdeprecisionacesdeiaiistanprocttaitt. car nous nous proposons de repreudre ces essais sur une plus grande echeMe. PETIT Cher dt. Laboratoire de HRcherchfs~ A à.t't'cnte))atioaated'ttorticu)tm'ede VLit'sauh's. II. f!TT!~ifT! T"n TliOf" nnïm tjLbtAtib bi EASS~UUîi Meihods pour reconnaître l'âge DE TOUS LES ûtSEtUXOEBtSSECOURETDE CHASSE Depuis bien ton~temps. tonstes aviculteurs chercheut un moyen pratique de marquer les poules, afin de reconnaitre teur a~e. fis se servent ordinairement de !)aH'nes en caoutchouc. en ceUntoïd on en tnetat; j'ai essaye de tous ces systèmes, qui ont du bou. mais qui ne remplissent pas le but qu Ot se propose. Il snint souvent d'un lé~er efTort ou d'un accident pour que t'oisean se débarrasse de sa tta~ue, dont le prix est .~eueraietneut assex eieve, puisqu'il faut en avoir de piusieurs tailles à sa disposition, selon l'espèce ou la grosseur des oiseaux. (avais donc pensé, il y a quelques années. qu'il était plus simple de marquer les oiseaux x sur leur corps même aumoyendutatonage, et j'ai aussitôt applique cette metttode a l'Ecole d'Aviculture, je l'ai enseignée à mes élevés, et après une pratique de plusieurs antiees qui me donne pleiue satisfaction, je viens inviter les aviculteurs a 1 essayer. Le tatouage reste visilde une année entière, il pourrait être indélébile en employant d'autresmatieres que le cl)ar))on; mais cela est inutile puisqu'il se renouvelle tons les ans en moins de temps qu'il n ett faut pour poser une tta~ue quelconque. ilasurlesbaarues l'avantage de ne point se perdre, ni se briser comme le celluloïd, (le ne pas se couper comnelecaoutcltouc, de ue pas ijlesser les oiseaux comme le métal. Cfux-ci sont frappés d noe marque qui ne peut être pntev' '') qa its soient pfrdns uu (j)''s,)[spenf;nttuujou)"!<'tmt'nco!mnt'unr (au'ert'ttH~pfr:)th(t).itsnftit d'un ('afhftap')i~()*s)):)cier v~h'I.ttt~m'~A. ~nn)«'ti! t;u))p~ni'ctt'atmd)UtpMudH pu)ni)''d''fh.n'i~L~tdnh<)is. !tt;u~t'tr~xpùm'tat~uf)')?!< vivf' mfnt:rn!tti''i~t'"is')u~h'r.n'o!) a relever t'))Hp)''tentt?!(t.une<l''saite-t.'<~uskhras un~is~H~tajon'ti!nL'h'tt'p.tuh'.c't't-à(t4)'~arartirutat)ond''thnH~"u-tI'.jni~ptatf, 'i~trnt)V(*)t))~phn'ennp<'u.n(mJi'*<~quft*qnest')*nUm''t[t")~L'kmn;ntJ<:pum'vut'Jt' plumes et de duv~L. C'est surcette partie que l'on doit tatouer en appliquant les pointes d'acier dans ta chair, puis aussitôt ott passe sur les piqûres le petit ta)nponimpr'a:né de poudre de ctiar))on;celte-ci entrant dans tes chairs s'y trouve fixée dffinitivemeut par l'ëpiderttte qui repousse vit~t-quatre heures après. t,a marque que j'ai adoptée est une croix dont je fortueseutement une bande chaque année: )a première année la marque ue représente qu'une ligne droite torutee de trois p)(;nrfs.)a seconde année une e<[uerre~'i[tq piqûres, tatroisicnu'année un'i'sepLpiq~'ires~. eteutiu la quatrième anuee la croix entière ~neutpiqùt'esi. Un seul cacheta trois pointes suffit pour tonner la croix, mais onY~ encore pius vite torsqu'on a un cachet pour chaque année; âpres quatre ans, je crois inutite de marquer les reproducteurs, qui doie!!t être remplacés p.n'de pius jeunes. Tel est )non procède, aussi simple quepossihteetqueje pratique avec succès depuis plusieurs années: ad~'t'a. ut de cachets, qui simplifient te travail, on peut se servir d'une aii~uitteataine. ttnyaacraiudre aucune souttrance pour l'oiseau qui ne sent. [nen)~'pas i''spiqûres:je n'ai pas besoin d'ajouter qu'on peut marquer ainsi tons tes ois''auxdt'rtiasse et dehassecour: faisans, perdrix,pontes,oies,dindous, canards. Rour.i.iFn. Directeur de l'Ecole d'agticutture de Liambais. -e Prop!ty!axie de la Tuberculose ~).ocard a exposé a l'~cadëmif de médecine les g'randes ti.~nes de trois de ses travaux. où il résume ses rec))erc)(es sur la tut'ercutose des bovidés.
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Pour Zaïre, pour Saiil, nous nous sommes presque borné à reproduire les appréciations, très flatteuses d'ailleurs, des .grands journaux. Pour Olello, nous pouvons, sans crainte de nous tromper, sans crainte d'être accusé de partialité en faveur d'un compatriote, aller au devant de ces appréciations, et si peu qu'elles soient en rapport avec l'enthousiasme du public, les communiquer d'avance à nos lecteurs. Commelejeuderacteuritalien danschacunedestragédies qu'ila jouées jusqu'à présent, le choix mêmedes -pièces, plutôt que de dessiner de prime-abord le talent de M. Salvini, semble préparer par degrés le public, lui ménager à chaque instant de nouvelles surprises. Le tragédien.ne se révèle pas tout entier dès les premières scènes, il n'a jamais dit son dernier mot aux dernières. Il faut donc le juger d'après l'ensemble de son jeu dans tous les rôles qu'il remplit, plutôt que d'après une seule des tragédies jouées, ou, ce qui serait encore plus injuste, sur quelques actes de ces tragédies, que ce soit Zaire, Saiil ou Otello. Aussi avons-nous remarqué avec peine des critiques, habitués à voir l'opinion publique se ranger de leur côté, quitter la salle après les premiers actes d'Otello, les plus faibles pour l'acteur sinon pour l'auteur, les actes où le général de la république vénitienne, forcé de plaider sa cause devant le sénat, ou de sermonner des officiers indisciplinés, n'a pas encore cédé sa .place au sombre et farouche mari de Desdemona. Par bonheur pour eux, aussi, bien que pour M. Salvini, la plupart de ces critiques sont restés dans la salle, et ont pu apprécier tout ce qu'il y a de finesse, d'habileté, d'heureuse intuition dans ce passage d:Otello, le général, le guerrier, le vainqueur des Turcs, à Othello luttant contre la jalousie, à Othello torturé par le doute, accablé par la conviction, assassin de sa femme et son propre meurtrisr. Salvini nous avait déjà donné un échantillon de ce caractère, de ces souffrances, de ces tortures, de ce doute, de cette conviction, de ce désespoir homicide, dans Zaire, pâle reproduction du chef-d'œuvre de Shakspeare. Il avaitpréludéà Othello en jouant Orosmane, cet Othello eunuque, lion de musée zoologique, singeant la terrible majesté et l'allure sauvage du roi du désert. Il fallait le voir à ces deux représentations, les plus brillantes incontestablement entre toutes, celles qu'il nous a données jusqu'à présent ; il fallait le voir, au moment où, débarrassé de sa harangue du premier acte, à la salle du conseil et de ses leçons de discipline militaire au deuxième, il -lutte contre la jalousie, ce poison lent et terrible -que Yago fait tomber goutte à goutte dans son cœur. Dès lors, ce n'était plus une interprétation, c était une transfiguration. La salle entière suivait avec une anxiété poignante les progrès de cet aveuglement féroce et frémissait à l'approche de l'effroyable dénoûmtnt. La magnifique scène où le more terrasse Yago, cette scèrte qui vaut, à elle seule, tous les décalques d'Othello, avec lesquels on a essayé de faire de nouvelles tragédies ;—le moment où il apparaît, sombre comme le châtiment, inébranlable comme le déstin, impitoya He comme la mort, et dit: Avez-vous fait votre prière, ce soir, Desdemona? Le dialogue.qui suit, jusqu'à l'autre moment où il enlève la victime dans ses bras et l'emporte plutôt qu'il ne l'entraîne pour l'étouffer; la scène où on entend le tigre rugir de colère, 'Oll on le voit ramper, prendre son élan et fondre sur Yago comme pour le déchirer d'é ses ongles; enfin, le dernier moment, quand il se scie la gorge au tranchant de son cimeterre et tombe raidë, ontfait courir des frissons dans les veines des spectateurs, pâlir et trembler bien des spectatrices, et, plus d'une fois, ils ont soulevé un cri où la terreur se mêlait à l'admiration. A ces représentations d'Othello, on remarquait beaucoup plus d'ensemble dans la troupe. Beaucoup par l'attrait de la tragédie, et un peu aussi parce que le jeu ne nuisait pas trop à cet attrait, on écoutait avec attention même les scènes où Salvini ne figurait pas. C'est déjà bien beau pour une troupe italienne à Paris. Mme. AJiprandi (E)esdemona) a parfaitement secondé Salvini, et M, Piccinini a, été excellent dans ce rôle à double face de Yago, le Méphisto humain., En un mot,tous les autres acteurs ont fait de leur mieux pour contribuer au succès. Là salle était comble à la première représentation, et cette fois le retentissement du succès de M. Salvini y avait amené l'élite de la 'société parisienne, celle-là du moins qui rentrait à peine de la campagne ou dès éaux. Et c'étaient les dames qui applaudissaient" avec, plus d'enthousiasme l'artiste italien, sans songer aux brutalités d'Othello et au meurtre infâme qu'il venait de commettre sous leurs yéux. C'étaient de leurs mains que partaient les plus belles couronnes et les plus riches, bouquets. Ceci explique Desdemona. Othello reviendrait sur •terre, qu'il devrait renoncer à son veuvage. ., ", A Aldlni. , REVUE DES THÉÂTRES ÉTRANGERS. Pauvreté Je la semaine.— Turin : Bénéfice de Mme Monténégro Ce que c'est qu'un album. — Udme : Mlle Boccabadati : les artistes complets. — Florence: Domenccli dans là Stiffo, de Paciiii.'—Maeerata Mlfc Pozzi dans I Fidanzati. — Imola les Ortolarii. — Maletica dans la Traviatà.-— Vienne et Richard Wagner. — Rio-Janeiro : Une cantatrice de variations.—Nev-" ork : l'académie de musique et le tlréfitre Burton. La semaine est maigre^ il faut dire que nous sommes dans le carême de la musique. Entre la saison d'été et la saison d'hiver; il y a pour beaucoup de théâtres une interruption qui coïncide avec les vendanges. S'ilrégné encoreune certaine activité sur quelques scènes delà Péninsule italienne, en Angleterre, en Espagne et en Autriche, les artistes se reposent un peu, les journalistes se taisent, la critique des uns imite le talent des autres, et voilà comment les chroniqueurs conscienciemr, qui voudraient chaque semaine contenter les appétits de leur public, se trouvent n'avoir presque rien à.lui. servir. Mais patience et espoir, il est à croire que la musique ressuscitera aussi le troisième jour.. A Turin, toujours don Cliecco, Yltaliana in Algeri, la Figlia del Reggimento et Semiramide: ces pièces tiennent l'affiche tour à tour ; mais la salle n'est pleine qu'avec Sëmiramide. Nous ne reviendrons pas sur les é oges mérités que nous avons a ressés à Mme Monténégro. Son talent n'en a pas besoin et sa modestie en souifre. Constatons seulement que son bénéfice a été l'une dés fêtes les plus brillantes de la raison. Rien n'y a maHqup, pas même les pièces de vers insignifiantes que de petits jeunes hommes de lettres ont l'habitude d'envoyer aux grandes artistes; et que les grandes artistes ont le tort de mettre dans leur album. Ah ! vous ne savez pas ce que c'est que l'album d'une grande artiste, Un ramassis d'absurdités saugrenues, où l'on déterrerait peine, en -cherchant bien, et du bout des doigts, quelques rares compliments galants et bien tournés; des vers, de la prosedes sonnets et des acrostiches, une foule d'impromptus fàits à loisirs des essais timides de déclarations avoftes, des tirades .sur le génie, sur la beauté, et sur toutes les v, rtus en g'n"ral, des sottises enfin plus grosses les unes que les autres. Et pourtant, toute grande artiste qui se respecte a un album, bien reli'"-, bien soigné, qu'elle ouvre avec tendresse et ferme avec recueillement, où elle se mire comme dans une glace, où elle se comptait comme dans un bain de flatterie, un album qui orne son piano et s'offre. de lui-même aux visiteurs, un album enfin ! Mme Monténégro doit en avoir un comme toutes les autres, ce qui n'ôte rien à son talent. Elle y inscrirait ce que nous venons, 4e dire en gui-e de préface, que l'albtim n'en aurait ni plus ni moins de valeur.. .A Udine, Mlle Boccabadati (qui a aussi son album) poursuit, nounbstant. le cours de'ses triompher Elle vient d'être applaudie à outrance dans l'Eena di Feltre, de Mercadante. C'est .toujours l'artiste inspirée, ardente et fougueuse, que vous connaissez. D.è l'àme. de l'âme, it encore de ràme, telle paraît être la devise de Mie Boccaba-jati. Elle en met tant dans tout ce qu'elle chante, qu'on dirait qu'elle a accaparé ce qu'il en reste sur la terre. Et ne croyez pas que son chant soit inférieur 11 son jeu. Tout se tient dans les vrais artistes. Ils sont complets et entiers, et ressemblent en cela, qu'on me passe cette comparaison bizarre, aux vrais croyants. Un homme qui admet 'a transsubstantiation doit accepter la présence réelle, sous peine de n'être plus catholique. Un artiste qui a de la voix doit posséder le sentiment dramatique, ou. perdre son nom. A Florence, la Saffo de Pacini a été représentée à l'ancien théâtre Pagliano, aujourd'hui théâtre Ferdinand. Mme Guarducci a été applaudie. Sa voix est agréable autant que sa méthode est habile. Mme Samazzaro a obtenu aussi quelques encouragements pour la vér té de son jeu plus que pour la puissance' de sa voix. Au contraire, le ténor Miserocchi, qui a une voix très belle, se tient en scène comme un jardinier dans le palais de son seigneur. Le triomphe a été pour Domenech, qui a éleclrisé le public avec cet organe à la fois mâle et doux et cet accent dramatique que vous lui connaissez, pré ents de la nature, auquel l'éducation et le travail ont enco-e beaucoup ajouté. Nous dirons, à propos du naturel et de la culture, ce que nous disions tout à l'heure de l'organe et du sentiment : il n'est pas de grand talent qui ne réunisse l'un et l'autre. Après être né artiste, il faut encore le devenir. L'artiste de nature est incomplet ; l'artiste d'étude est défectueux. La perfection est dans la réunion. A Macerata, Mlle Virg'nia Pozzi, que nous avons entendue et goûtée au Théâtre-Italien, l'année dernière, vient d'obtenir un très légitime succès dans Fidanzali, du maestro Péri. Mlle Pozzi est une grande et belle personne, à la physionomie intéressante, au-jeu discret, il l'organe pleiu de fraîcheur. On l'a rappelée après sa cavatine, après ses duos avec le ténor et le baryton. Chaque jour, on lui renouvelle l'ovation qu'on lui a faite le premier soir, et, pour notre compte, nous ne pouvons que tenir compte au. public de Marerata du bon goût dont il fait preuve en lêtautMlle Virginia Pozzi. Le ténor Palmieri ne semble pas être dans l'estime du public, ni, dans la réalité, à la hauteur de la prima-donna. A Imola, on a très fort applaudi dans Ernani une Mme Ortolani quelconque ; mais m us ne savons pas laquelle. S'il y a beaucoup d'Ortolans en France, il y a encore plus d'Ortolani en Italie. Que la prima-donna, dont nous parlons en ce moment, prenne donc pour elle la jusle part d'applaudissements qui lui revient. A Maleti, a, Mlle Caroline Alajmo a triomphé suivant nos vœux les plus clwrs. Jamais l'a Iraviata n'a été si dignement interprétée. Mais au-si qu-lle artiste que Mlle Alajmo ! quelle puissance dramatique ! quelle souplesse dffns l'organe! et comme on se-figure bien, on fa connaît, cette pauvre dame aux camélias qui a fait verser tant de larmes aux habitir s du Vaudeville ! Mlle Alajmo en a fuit sans doute, et en fera encore vèrser à d'autres y.U'l:, en jouant ou même sans jouer la Traviata. Elle est une de ces artistes qu'on n'oublie jamais une fois qu'on les a vues; mais elle joint tant de charme a tant de talent, qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de la voir au théâtre pour se la rappeler toujours. Le ténor Errani s'est fait applaudir à côté d'elle; il me semble que si j'étais ténor, cela suffirait à ma satisfaction, car c'est l'artiste la plus-sympathique à qui il m'ait jamais été donné de serrer la main. Voilà pour la musique italienne ; j'arrive à la musique allemande d'aujourd'hui, a la vraie musique germanique, dontle-grand représentant est Richard Wagner. Connaissez-vous Richard Wagner? C'est l'auteur de Tannliauser et de Lohengrin. Qu'est-ce que Tannhavser et Lohengrin? Ce sont deux opéras, Si l'on doit le nom d'homme k qui n'a rien d'humain, deux opéras monstreux, qui ont partagé l'Allemagne en deux camps, et déchaîné sur le public des avalanches de critique incompréhensible. Riehard Wagner, autant que nous pouvons en juger, est un Berlioz à la sixième puissance, un compositeur dont la musique préteyd être à la. fois de la peinture,, de la philosophie, de la poésie, et même de l'histoire. Il paraît que les Allemands trouvent detout dans cette musi, ~lue-là comme.,l'Auvergnat dans sa soupe; ce n'est pas précisémentdè l'art, mais ça tient de la place. Or, cm a joué Tahnhauser à Vienne, mais le directeur du Tbalia-Théatér avait si bien fatigué les artistes aux répétitions qu'ils étaient tous enrhumés. On menace .de jouer Lohengrin à Baden ; je crains une émigration générale dés honnêtes gens qui s'y trouvent. Tannliauser et Lohengrin sembleraient ne'dévoir être joués qu'à Rio-Janeiro, dans un état barbare, ou les oreilles n'ont pas encore reçu de culture. Mais bah! dans ce pays de malheur on vous joue du, Bellini, du Rossini tout comme chez un peuple civilisé. Plusieurs journaux ne tarissent pa~ sur le compte de Mme Laborde, qui a chanté la Sonnambula, le Barbiere, et la Cenerentola. On rapproche de son nom les grands noms de la Sontag, de la Pasta, de la Grisi, de l'Alboni, et, Dieu juste! de laMalibran. Nous connaissons Mme Laborde, et l'avons assez entendue à l'Opéra pour savoir que son talent se réduit à une grande facilité de vocalise. Aussi les feuilles les plus enthousiastes insistent-ellesur le rondo de la Sonnambula. sur celui de la Cenerentola, et sur les variations du Carnaval de Venise introduites par elle dans le Barbier. Variations! ah! que ce mot peint bien Mme Laborde; comme c'est bien cela: une cantatrice faite exprès pour chanter des variations, rien que des variations. Il est évident qu'elle voudrait en met're partout, comme Mme Cabelmet partout des Fraises ; mais à la fin il est à craindre que ce système de variations pêche par le défaut de variété. A New-York, on attend impatiemment l'ouverture de l'Académie de musique. Cette attente se comprend, quand il s'agit des débuts d'une troupe ainsi composée : Mmes Frezzolini, de Lagrange, d'Angri ; MM. Laboccetta, Rocco, Gassier et Formes. L'ouverture a dû avoir lieu le 7 septembre dernier, mais les nouvelles que nous avons ne datent que du 2. La prochaine fois, nous aurons sans doute de grandes choses à apprendre à nos lecteurs. La direction n'a rien négligé pour donner un caractère solennel à l'ouverture du théâtre. Heureusement, M. Strakosh, qui est associé comme on le sait, avec M. illiman, dans la direction, est décidément rétabli d'une longue et dangereuse maladie. Au théâtre Burton, Mlle Vestvali a obtenu un éclatant succès dans Romeo et Giulietta. où elle jouait le rôle si diversement passionné de Romeo. Dans la Linda di Chamounix. elle a partagé les applaudissements avec le reste de la troupe, MM. Brignoli, Amodio et Assoni. Voilà encore une artiste italienne qui prouve victorieusement quj le talent réussit toujours à NewYork. Il est vrai que New-York n'est pas Rio-Janeiro. A. Claveau. NOUVELLES ARTISTIQUES. Lalilache est à Naples ; il habite -sa. magnifique villa, dans un des plus beaux sites du Pausilippe, et il ne la quittera que lorsque sa santé, gravement altérée par le climat de la Russie, sera tout à fait rétablie. Mme Medori, quinous arrivait de Rimini, a fait une courte halte à Paris, èt èn est partie, mardi dernier, pour Madrid. — L'éminent soprano Mme Gassier vient de signer un brillant engagement pour la grande saison du carnaval au théâtre Valle de Rome. Cet engagement a été fait Ipar l'entremise de l'agencé théâtrale de l'Office franco-italien. L'excellente basse-comique Rovère a quitté dernièrement Paris pour se rendre à Madrid, où il est engagé à de fortes brillantes conditions pour le théâtre royal d'Orient avec Mme Medori, MM. Bettini, Badiali, etc. Que de beaux noms ! M. Rovère se trouve en très bonne compagnie; qu'il ait seulement les succès obtenus en Amérique, et l'Espagne ne le laissera plus partir. Rovère est une de ces rares basses-comiques qui savent bien chanter, tout en amusant le public par leur verve et leur entrain. — Le public de Trieste .attendait avec impatience l'ouverture du Tealre Grande avec l'opéra d'Estella de M. Braga. La mort de Mme Pancani a retenu quelques jours encore le jeune ténor qui a été frappé d'un si cruel malheur, êt l'ouverture du théâtre qui devait avoir lieu le 15 a été différée au 20. —Nous avons oublié d'informer nos lecteurs dp. l'arrivée de Mlle Karlitzki, dont on a pu voir le portrait dans les vitrines des marchands de musique. Mlle Karlitzki nous vient de Londres, où elle a dansé dans trois différents ballets au Théâtre de Sa Majesté. 11 y a bien des journaux anglais qui ont parlé d'elle, et ont vanté son mérite. Nous ne saurions donc rien de mieux ajouter au témoignage de la presse anglaise, à ces articles flatteurs, que Mlle Karlitzki, malgré sa rare modestie, son caractère doux et timide, malgré surtout la répugnance à demander qu'on parle d'elle dans la presse, pourrait au besoin montrer à ses rivales cumme des preuves irréfutables de son succès en Angleterre. Mlle Karlitzki est libre de tout engagement. Avis aux directeurs et aux entrepreneurs. — On avait fait courir le bruit que Mme Tedesco était engagée à l'Opéra, ce qui nous aurait étonné, aussi bien que le public. On sait que le répertoire de Mme Tédesco est brillamment tenu par Mme Borghi-Mamo. Nous avons attendu que cette nouvelle fut confirmée. En revanche, nous lisons dans l'Entr'acte d'hier quelques lignes qui démentent nettement ces bruits. — Le ténor Tamaro, après sa saison en Espagne, qui se terminele-1er juin 1858, est libre de tout engagement. On peut s'adresser à l'Agence théâtrale de M. Arbib (de Livourne) pour envoyer des propositions à cet artiste. — Mme Ardavanni, la gracieuse et belle cantatrice qui obtint de si beaux succès en Portugal et en Espagne, vient de partir pour le Mexique, par suite d'un très bel engagement signé avec le directeur de ce théâtre. — On nous écrit de Vichy : « La saison des eaux touche à sa fin ; dans deux jours, les savons de l'établissement seront fermés aux concerts, qui ont été on ne peut plus brillants, grâce à la direction de Strauss et aux artistes de premier ordre qui s'y sont fait entendre. "Parmi ceux-ci, un jeune violoniste de vos compatriotes, Roméo Accursi, a surtout enlevé tous les suffrages et captivé toutes les sympathies. Ses qualités vraiment supérieures d'exécution, jointes à une rare modestie, en ont fait le charme de nos soirées musicales, et le placent au niveau des artistes les plus appréciés et les plus applaudis.» — On nous écrit : « Les bains d'Ems et de Wiesbaden viennent de donner, sous la direction artistique de M. Léopold Amat, une magnifique série de fêtes musicales dans lesquelles on a entendu M M. Félix Godefroy, Vieuxtemps, Bottesini, H. Herz, Pôultier, Pisrheck, Formes, Séligman, E. Lyon, S. Léon, A. Jæll, Orhindi. S. Baur, de Sonpper, Japlia, Guglielmi,. Seeling, Becker, S. et E. van den Boorn et Mmes Cambardi, Gaveaux-Sabatier, de Fortuni, Nissen, Borghèse, Judith Lion, Fiorentini, de Borcke, Lyon-Coelie, Contarini. Bordet, etc. » A Wiesbaden, l'élégante capitale du duché de Nassau, comme à Ems, cette brillante pléiade d'artistes a été accueillie avec un véritable enthousiasme. » — A l'Opéra-Comique, la seconde repr.'se de Joconde a eu lieu mardi dernier pour la rentrée de Faure et de Mlle Lefebvre. — Le Théâtre-Français est en ce moment un peu agité par ce que l'on pourrait appeler les tentatives d'évasion de deux de ses plus charmantes sociétaires : Mine Madeleine Brohan, qui arrive de Russie et que le public n'a presque pas eu le temps d'applaudir, veut retourner à Saint-Pétersbourg; Mlle Fix voudrait y aller. Il faut croire que la vie est bien dotLe.,2 à Saint-Pétersbourg ou que l'argent soit une bien belle chose pour que cette fureur d'émigration gagne nos actrices les plus fêtées, les plus applaudies, pour que ces'belles ingrates abandonnent si facilement la gloire parisienne et la position d'artiste que l'on ne peut se faire qu'à Paris. Le ThéittreFrançais, avec son sociétariat de vingt ans, aura bien de la peine à lutter contre les tentations que M. le général Guédéonoff fait si habilemnnt miroiter aux yeux de nos comédiens. —Pré CoMaM.—On vient d'organiser pour les vacances des spectacles de jour sur le théâtre des Fleurs. A quatre heures et demie, l'Andalousie, jouée par les danseuses espagnoles, et les remarquables exercices des enfants Price, complètent les disiractions offertes par les promenades, les concerts, les théâtres de magie et de marionnettes. Tous les soirs, concerts, promenades en voiture, spectacle aux deux théâtres. — Un bel appareil de pisciculture, construit à Bruxelles, sous la direction de M. Schram, contrôleur du jardin botanique, et d'après les dessins de M. Suys, architecte belge, vient d'être installé au pré Catelan. — Hier samedi, les beaux concerts de l'hôtel d'Osmond ont été rendus au public. C'est M. Belloir, entrepreneur des fêtes publiques, qui s'est chargé de la restauration de la salle, et douze jours lui ont suffi; pour l'embellir et pour donner à l'ameublement des riches salons de l'hôtel le confortable le plus distingué. L'entrée a été métamorphosée ; au lieu des lourdes et sales tentures qui lui donnaient l'aspect d'une tente foraine, les murs, peints à neuf, sont devenus une belle galerie splendidement éclairée. Tous les artistes connus et aimés du public qui fréquentait les concerts Musard étaient à leur poste; encore sous l'influence des bonnes traditions que leur a laissées leur jeune et habile chef, ils n'ont point eu de peine à seconder l'ardeur de celui qui le remplace et qui a su conquérir comme soliste une grande réputation. C'est donc avec un admirable ensemble qu'ils ont exécuté hier le nouveau répertoire, dans le programme duquel on remarquait les ouvertures de Guillaume Tell, d'Euryanthe, des Joyeuses commères de Windsor, la Marche hongroise, fragment de la Damnation de Faust, de Berlioz; le Rendez-vous de chasse, de Rossini, etc., etc. G. Cassamatta. — Parmi les artistes qui se sont distingués au Princess's Théâtre, nous devons citer le charmant contralto, Mme de Bernardi. qui a obtenu dans tous ses rôles un très beau succès. Sa rentrée sur la scène lyrique a été couronnée d'un accueil des plus flatteurs. PIÈCES NOUVELLES REPRÉSENTÉES EN AOÛT 1857.—VARIÉ TÉS. le poignard de Léonora, vaudeville 2 actes et 4 tableaux, par Clairville et Amédée de Jallais.—GYMNASE. jjn Vieux Beau, comédie-vaudeville, 1 acte par M. Paul Vermond. —GYMNASE. Le comédie, 1 acte, par M. Henri Meilhac.—GYMNASE. L'lnvilalionà la valse, comédie, 1 acte, par M. Alexandre Dumas.— AMBIGU-COMIQUE, la Légende de t'homme sans tête, drame fantastique, 5 actes et 12 tableaux, par MM. Edouard Brisebarre et Eugène Nus.FOLIES-DRASIATIQUES. Le Pot de fer et le Pot de terre, vau deville, l acte, par M.-Alfred de Léris.—VAIÉTÉS. Dalila et'Samson, histoire en 5 feuillets, par MM; Eugène Grangé et Lapointe.—THÉATRE-FRANCAIS (Spectacle gratis). Paris nouveau, pièce de vers, par M. Henri Derville.-ODÉoN (Id.). Le Nouveau Louvre, stances, par M. Théodore de Banville VAUDEVILLE (Id.). La Muse du Louvre, ode, par M. Henri Dërville. — PALAIS-ROYAL (Id._). Les Quatres âges du Louvre, vaudeville, 4 actes, précédé de La Chasse aux loups, prologue, par M. Clairville,-PoRTE-SAIKT-MARTIN (Id.) Le Quinze Août, cantate, par M. Dutertre, musique de M. Artus.-CHAMP-DE-MARS (Id.). La soumission des Beni-Raten, pantomime militaire, par Hippolyte Messant—BEAUMARCHAIS. Le Quinze Août chez les Kabiles, à-propos militaire, par Gourdan de Genouillac.—FOLIES-DRAMATIQTTES. La Cassette dejeannelon, vaudeville, 2 actes, par Paul Boisselot. —THÉÂTRE ITALIEN (Direction Dondini). Zaira (Zaïre), tragédie, 5 actes, traduite de Voltaire par Gozzi.—GYMNASE. L'Esclave du Mari, comédie, 1 acte, par Mme Rhéal. SPECTACLE DU PASSE-TEMPS. — Le spectacle du PasseTemps, qui avait fermé le 15 juillet, vient de reprendre ses séances magiques. Il a su mettre à profit cette courte interruption pour préparer une foule de nouveaux tours fort curieux; nous mentionnerons entre autres la puissance magnétique, la pleine lune, le parasol fantastique, la bouteille inépuisable, les drapeaux flottants, etc., etc. Tous les tableaux du polyorama ont été renouvelés. — Les PRESSES AUTO GRAPHIQUES RAGUENEAU (rue Joquelet, n° 10), qui simplifient tous les systèmes employés jusqu'ici pour autographier soi-même toute espèce de dessins, circulaires, musique, etc., et qui avaient attiré l'attention de S. M. l'Empereur dans une de ses visites à l'Exposition universelle, ont valu une médaille à leur inventeur, juste récompense due au progrès qu'il a fait faire à cette industrie destinée à rendre de si grands services. (Voir aux annonces.) Les ttnciennes maisons de Paris sous Napoléon lll, recueil rédigé par M. Lefeuve. Sommaire de la livraison qui vient de paraître : Rue des Bernardins, le Petit hôtel Nesmond, les Frondeurs, le Conseiller de Charles IX, Chamillard et les chamillardes, les Deux peintres du roi, le Cloître, le Presbytère, les Braqups, le prévôt de Passy. — Rue Bertin-Poirëe. — Quai de Béthune, l'Hôtel Bretonvillier, le maréchal de Richelieu, M. Viel, l'Hôtel d'Ambrun, le Nonce du pape, les Magistrats, les Marchands de vins, l'Hôtel Perrault.—Rue de Bievre, l'Hôtel Brinvilliers, le Collège de Chanac, le Cardinal Dubois. Prix de la livraison : 1 fr. 60 c. On souscrit à l'ouvrage en adressant 32 fr. pour 20 livraisons, à M. Rousseau, 15, boulevard de la Madeleine. Le Gérant, F. PASQUIEB. PAKIS DU'. SERRIERE ET COMP., BUE MONTMARTRE, 323. PAQUEBOTS A VAPEUR SARDES. ENTREPRISE R. RIBATTIM© et Ce BUREAUX A PARIS : C, CARINI ET Cn, A L'OFFICE FITA>CO-ITALIEN Bouler, des italiens, nO 4. BUREAUX A MARSEILLE : L. A. FONTANA, Place Royale, DO 5. A. GENES, PLAGE I6AHÎCIU. LIGNES DE NAVIGATION : ITALIE. SARDAIGNE. AFRIQUE. MATÉRIEL NAVAL DE LA SOCIÉTÉ. Navires à aubes : Lombardo (300 chevaux), — Piemonle (250), — Virgilio (200j, — San Giorgio (200), — Dante (1001. Navires à hélice : Cagliari (100), — Sardegna (600). SERVICE HEBDOMADAIRE DE MARSEILLE A NAPLIJS TOUS LES MEKCKEDfS. Marseille (départ) Mercredi 10 m. iXaple* départ' Mercredi 4 s. GèacfI. Jeudi 6 s.. (,i.-l'u-Vccclaiu.,. s Llvotiruc Vendredi. i ?.. il.lvournc Vendredi 5 s. Cîvito-Veccliia Samedi 2 s.. fiènes Samedi 2 s.. KupleH farrivf'e). Dimanche 1; m. I,Marseille (arrivéel Dimanche 10 m Indépendamment de ce service, la Compagnie dessert régulièrement les lignes suivantes : De Xlco puur CSi'ues et I.iTOurne. clin<|iip lundi et mercredi so De t:èlle!il — Marseille, clianue samedi, à 2 Injures après midi. l'njiliiiri(Sarilaigne). chaque samedi soir. , Porlotorrcs (Sardaigne), chaque mercredi matin. — — Tunis (Af'iîiie). les lu et 25 du mois. Le paquebot LOMBARDO, cap. A. DODERO, partira de MARSEILLE le 23 septembre. En vertu de récents traités,les marchandises en destination pour les Deux-Siciles, couvertes du pavillon sarde jouissent des mêmes privilèges que celles couvertes du pavillon napolitain. S'adresser, à Paris, pour les marchandises, à M. BAUCOURT, agent en douane, 3, rue de l'Entrepôt. (438; NOUVELLE ENCYCLOPEDIE POPULAIRE ITALIENNE. DICTIONNAIRE GÉNÉRAL DES SCIENCES, LETTRES, ARTS, HISTOIRE, GÉOGRAPIIIE, ETC., ETC. Ouvrage rédigé d'après les meilleures publications de ce genre, avec le concours et sous la surveillance de savants et de littérateurs italiens. Quatrième édition, entièrement revue, corrigée et augmentée de plusieurs milliers d'articles, avec texte orné de gravures sur bois et sur cuivre. PRIX DE LA LIVRAISON DE 40 PAGES, RENFERMANT 6,834 LETTRES : LLJ* FRANC. L'ouvrage entier se composera de24 volumes de 6 à 800 pages. On souscrit : à TliBIX. à la Société l'Union typographique éditrice, rue B.V. degli Angeli, no 2, maison Pomba ; Et à PARIS, à ]'OFJ:'ICE FKASCO-ITAUEX, boulevard des Italiens, 4. (492) PUBLICATIONS RÉCENTES. Ouvrages italiens. t UfellVriIÏ La philosophie des Ecoles italiennes, in-16, CapoIflg'o, l voL.,. 5fr. » c. Ji i FRANCIII. Appendice à la philosophie des Ecoles italiennes. 1 v. in-16, Gênes. 2 » introduction à la philosophie des Ecoles italiennes, in-8.. y. 1 » La Religion au dix-neuvième siècle, 1 vol. in-16, I:ausflnne.,.,.,.",.:. 4 » Du sentiment, étude philosophique et religieuse, 1 vol. in-16, Tw'in. 4 Il te rationalisme du p, uple, 1 vol. in-16 de 330 pages, Genève. 2 50 La Conciliation îles partis. Gênes, 1857 1 20 M. MACCHI, éludes, Valence (Piémont), 1857 » 60 Sur la réforme des études, Valence (Piéinont), lS.'ji.,.,.,.,. Il 60 Ouvrages français. Dictionnaire de la conservation de l'homme, 2 vol. avec gravures, 1857. 6 » n LT IUTiiVlMF'f i. Paris, à I'OFFICE FIIANCO-ITALIEN, 4, boulevard des Italiens. S'adresser il l'OFFIICE rR,i'.NCO-IT..tLIEN, 4, boulevard des Italiens. On trouve les susdits ouvrages chez STASSIX et XAVIER, libraires, 22, rue de la Banque, et chez LADRANOE, libraire-éditeur, 41, rue Saint-André-des-Arts. (490) U1J 1 /t TA1VT Journal hebdomadaire de LA it-AIllUllIiï Philosophie religieuse, politique et sociale, paraissant à Turin, sous la direction de ti e et sociale, în I. Prix d'abonnement : Turin, 14 f. et h domicile, 15 fr. ; États sardes 16 fr. ; Suisse, 17 fr. ; Francc, 18 fr., Belgique et Angleterre, 19 fr.; Allemagne, 20 fr. Nouvelle série. S'adresser à 14OFFICE FHANCO-ITALIEN, boulevard des ItoJicns, 4. (451) REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE ET RELIGIEUSE e Léon Brotbier, F. Broussais, Ad. Chouippe, H. Cross, A Duinesnii, Ch. Fauvety, Dr Guépin, Ad. Guéroult, J. Jozeau, Ch. Lemaire, Ch. Lemonnier, Em. Littré (de l'Institut), Ch. Michelet (de Berlin), Ch. Renouvier, etc. ; Mmes J. d'Héricourt, Claire Gauthier-Coignct, etc. Conditions de l'abonnement : La REVUE parait l'égulièrement le 1er de chaque mois, par livraison de sept à huit feuilles.-Un volume tous les trois mois; quatre volumes par an, chacun de quatre cents payes environ. Paris : un an, 20 fr.; six mois, 11 fr. ; trois mois, 6 fr. — Départements : un an, 22 fr. ; six mois, 12 fr.; trois mois, 7 fr.— Étranger : un an, 25 fr.; six mois, 12 fr. ; trois mois, 8 fr. On s'abonne aux bureaux de la REVUE, rue de la Michodière, 13 ; et à J'OFFICE FRANCO-ITALIEN, boulevard des Italiens, 4. (452) 1 HUILE IODI F Approuvée par l'Académie impériale de médecine 'de Paris. D'après le rapport académique, CETTE HUILE EST UN MÉDICAMENT JI'UNE GRANDE VALEUR , qui présente beaucoup d'avantage sur l'huile de foie de morue. Elle est employée avec succès dans toutes les MALADIES SCROFULEUSES, les engorgements accidentels, les AFFECTIONS PULMONAIRES au début, contre les SYPHILIS INVÉTÉRÉES, certaines MALADIES DE LA PEAU, etc., etc. L'OUILE DE J. PERSONNE n'est livrée qu'en flacon octogone, portant le cachet et la signature de l'inventeur et du dépositaire général. Dépôt général chez Labélonye, pharmacien, rue Bourbon-Villeneuve, 19, à Paris. Dans les principales pharmacies de France et d'Italie. (405) ANJUBAULT T INGÉNIEUR-MÉCANICIEN, rue de Churonne, 45-47, impasse Mortngue, 3. C "FE' D'E.UROPE un ds plus grands et CAFÉ D'EUROPE, des plus beaux estaminets de Paris, pass. des Panoramas, et r. Vivicnne, 36. LIGUEUR DE TABLE DIGESTIF PAR EXCELLENCE GRANDE CHARTREUSE DES PYRÉNÉES Faite avec les plantes des Pyrénées. =Elle est très aromatique et d'un goût exquis. Dépôt à Paris, MIE BICHER, 26.— PRIX ItrODÉRÉ. U NOTA .Les demandes de province doivent être adressées franco « MM IJELYET et ce, rue des PelilsHâle/s, 3, a Paris. (499) REPRODUCTION indéfinie, MÉDAILLE à l'Eiposilion usiverselle de ma. DRBVHTS dans toute l'Europe. I COPISTEmomCère RAGUENEAU fë 1#, RIE J0QUELET, I#, II W Pres la Bours8, à Pans, Très-portatif, pour copier les lettres, et pour autographier, partout, SOKHÉilIE, — à auB tantd'exemplaires qu'on voudra-sur tous papiers-des deux côtés, en écrivant l'original comme I■ ù rd sur r et 11011 à rebours. On pourra donc, sans apprentissage et à la maln, copier H ses lettres, on multiplier de 4 h 4,000 exemplaires et plus : Circulaires, Cours de bourse et Marchandises, H Prix-courants, Dessins de broderie, de machine., Paysages, Plans, Musique, Tableaux, Etats, Convocations, Têtes H de lettres, Factures, Affiches, Modèles d'écritures, Carte du menu des restaurants, Billets d'invitation, etc. PRIX, avec accessoires autographiques, instruction et jolie boit. renfermant le tout sous clef, SA■ VOIR : pour tirer, sur papier de 18 centimètres sur26, 60 fr.-de 22 c. sur 30,70 fr.—de 23 c. sur 33, H 75 fr.de 23 c, sur 36, 85 fr.de 26 c. sur 38; 95 fr.de 27 c. sur 42,110 fr.—de 32 c. sur 46, I■ 125 fr.-de 35 c. sur 48,135 fr. 1 HUUVLAU W/Vni!TAiT nrtDTOTr liUrlML tmrprendre le double des II PRESSE 1 MDïTn'*~*" lettres, avec registre, etc., riUaOOb A rADTPD llUlltiK soclechène,30fr—socle IH acaj on ou fonte, 32 fr. — H et jolie boite: 29 fr.) — Sans boîte : 18 fr. || Enfer forgé, verni, SO fr.;—poil, OS fr. IntOi, IIIr lÙllUUtde. affranchie : contre mandat-poste ou remboursement; à l'Etranger, II Contre mandat à vue sur Paris (ordre RClguemllu), LE COMTE DE SALUGGIA, le TOURMF.NTErn ME LA CHAIFT HUMAINE. Histoire d'un tyran militaire en ltnlic au dix-neuvième siècle, par J.-B. DE BARGINI ; traduit de l'original italien inidit, par NmL. XOXiSET.— Paris, BALAY et CONCHON, éditeurs. Deux beaux volumes. (515) CAOUTCHOUC LEBIGRE. Xsins bien assortis, 16, me Yivienne, et 142, rue de Rivoli. (lJicn remarquer le ttom et le numéro pour ne pas COIIfond-re.) Blouses à 15 fr.; Paletots double face, Chaussures, Bretelles, Tissus élastiques et imllcrméables, Coussins, Ceintnres de natation, Bas élastiqiicspouvvarices, Instruments de chirurgie, Tuyaux et articles vulcanisés, Peignes, etc. — Vente avec garantie, — On expédie franco. (591) E R/j l ( i«flw gl W S I, 1 ™™ * W 't'] JE t etBMi-Datta ftp DK L'Ks i pKRliUR. pf dit 1DWB-TO2AD çj Or. Vermail, Argent ^|Mj |||^^ d.. d!™ | NJIECTIOlï BRt?Èl Hygiénique, infaillible et prêservatriee, guérison prompte et sûre des MALADIES RÉCENTES ET CHRONIQUES, et ayant résisté nu copahu et au cubibe; traitement facile à suivre en secret et en voyage, et agissant d'autant mieux qu'il est plus promptement umployé. Se trouve dans toutes les principales pharmacies de l'univers. A Paris, chez l'inventeur, BROU, rue Lufllyette, 33. (223) S 1111' DCRI Editeur de plusieurs ouvrages s illIRCIRI. de Pradier.Statuettes et bustes en plâtre et imitation d'ivoire, 30, passage Choiseul. IfAlVTFÏ Etoffes hygiéniques imperménblcs, II l D. pour teutures et ameublements. 15, Faubourg-Montmnrtrc. CESARINI Hôtel et Restaurant, Golden square, LllSiilllill, Loudres. Confortable et prix très modérés ï IfliAV TAPISSIER-DÉCORATEUR. LJillU 11 Loue banquettes pour bals.4, rue du lIIarché-Saiut-Honoré, [Maison de confiance. PATTACIM ET CIE, 29, à Londres. @ Lo. dres. HOTEL ET RESTAURANT DU VÉSUVE. îhirawLoieftékert, me ae Gï&neUe-Srâa-'EotioTè, îans. PAPIER CHIMIQUE D'HÉBERT SEUL ÁDIIIS MS LES HOPITAUX ET HOSPICES CIVILS DE PARIS, PAR DÉCISION DU CONSEIL DE CETTE ADMINISTRATION, LE 2 MARS 1343. Approbation do la Faculté do Médecine et de l'Ecole de Pharmacie de Paria. REMEDE INFAILLIBLE contre les rhumathmaes, sciatiques, lumbagos, névralgies, migraines, maux et crampes d'cstonaac, Irritations de poitrine, douleurs musculaires et articulaires, accès de goutte, paralysies et faiblesses des membrcs, ancvrlsmes, étouffement, gastrites, glandes, tumeurs scrorulcmlcs, etc., etc. Ce médicament hors ligne, d'un usage facile et qui peut se divinisent d en faire l'éloge. conserver plusieurs années, est le SEKL REMEUE employé Nota. — Le'suecès du Papier chimique d'Hébert, addans les hôpitaux de Paris, qui ne soit pas préparé par la mis dans les hôpitaux de Paris, a déterminé de nombreuses Pharmacie centrale, officine qui est regardée à juste titre, en contrefaçons ; les personnes qui l'emploient ou le recommanEurope, comme le modèle des établissements de ce genre. dent doivent exiger le nom d'Hébert sur l'étui, et s'assurer Cette distinction, qui constitue pour le Papier chimique que la feuille elle-même porte l'empreinte du cachet reproduit d'Hébert une situation unique; l'immense sucùs qu'il a cil tête de l'instruction.—Tous les étuis sont bleu acier, lettres obtenu depuis 30 années ; le chiffre énorme et toujours croisd'or, liouts h étoiles et abeilles d'or, et fermés par une élisant de son débit; enfin l'accueil flatteur qu'il a reçu dans quette à fond rouge portant les mots Papier chlmlqoe, ¡ les pays étrangers, et dans toutes les parties du monde, nous Pharmacie Hébert, et l'adresse en caractères plus petits. Se vend. avec instruction, 2 Ir. le rouleau, 4 fr. le demi-rouleau, à 1 DlpAis :—A Turin, chez M. Depanis: — à Gènes, chez M. Bruzza; à Nice, cliez M. Musso à^lilan, citez M. Vanoncini; a Venise, chez M. Pozzeto et chez M. Rossetti ; — à Ferrare chez MM. les frères GnlIi; — à Livourne, chez MM. Boirivant et O ; — à Rome, chez M. Maggil — à NavIes, chez MM. Senés et Bellet;à Messine, chez MM. Verona et Jlessineo:-à Trieste chez M. Serravallo. (492) DES TUMEURS DE I.Imll CHUTE NATURELLE, SAliS AUCUNE OPÉIIATION, A L'AIDE DU PIXCEAU, ET LEUR MOMIFICATION INSTANTANEE Parle docteur G. DE GRAJDfONT Telles que LOUPES, LIPOJIES, quels que soient leur nombre, leur grosseur et l'âge des malades, les kystes de toute uatllrc, îles paupières, du puigiM-t, signes do mtissaJlce. végétations innées ou parasites de la peau, tumeurs crédites. P.Dl~ Il. s, névromes, tubercules sous-cutanés, pet tes glandes, caneroïrfcs, cicatrices difforme*, etc. Cure radicale et saus danger, par la même méthode, des HOlOBROIDËS, FlSSliBES et FISTULES à l'an 15 , l'OLVl'ES du rectum et de l'utérus, etc. , etc. De 1HYDKOC1XE, sa guérison par une intromission minimc, qui ne détermine que la sensation d'une chaleur dense, n'entr:iine_ pas de lièvre ni la nécessité du repos. 'ï'ItAITlîJIEIXT SPECIAL, par l'euphloyie, des goitres simples ou avec kystcs, des engorgements glandulaires, chroniques, des tumeurs blanelies, des maladies de la nmelle épinière et de la colonne vertébrale, des varices, ulcères variqueux et atoniques, des dartres rebelles, des affections des orgaucs de la génération. Traitement si doux et d'un usage si facile qu'il s'applique dans le caùinet du médecin, De (jXE heure à (HATME tous les jours, 18, rue JOUBERT, Chaussée-d'Antiii, à Paris. (501 ) r~.u~E ~nr~ MMtMN Mtn ~~M PRIX DU IMÈTRE mu MTii fiiiiii f P. PEYRAT n toitcli ruPe dà u P.43nlis ail. 27 .p~ 503 CHEJJfOrS DE FER DE ITOUEST I 1er AOUT 1857 Service des Trains fer AOUT m: d LIGNES DE NORMANDIE, 9, RUE D'AMSTERDAM les dimanches et Wles. || le:; dimanches et fètl'S. , ., , "les dImanches et Cèles. ll-S'3t-s-c. l'2'e. t":!":J. 1" classe 1-2"1"' l-2-c. I*2"3" î^ï* fi'3* l'i» 1 ï:1l" classe t'2'3' l-2'3' l'2"e. l-2-e. l-S-S" S 10 S 25 II 2S 1 T~T23 3 » 3 10 7 » 12 13 aY'camp dcpnrt » 7 » 7 » !T~ TTîTi » » CI" » 9 |S Itoiien arrivée 10 40 II 45 il ; 3 io 3 35 l Il 7113U 7 5<i 11 25 3 i » lû 3n « i> I. Ea id. « 7 » 7 » » 12 » 2 » 0 3 » lu 15 llavre id. 35 » » » 5 25 n !» -15 » lî 25 ItOIICII id. G » 0 3" 9 I" I 3 2 3 2 15 5 20 * n I' I » mblepl,e id. » » lia Il Il Il n Il ti i:i a'aris arrivée lf> I'■ 11î! ■ 2 r | t 3n 5 » (i ;jp pi » a £ » li 2;, » -, » » S » 12 15 caen Il » 7 » » Il i' » n 2 « » 1) 15 » Ilvreux arrivée lo 10 » Il 43 » 3 2!> » iî ,H' in 53 3 30 J.lsieux Kl. » S 2o » 12 5< » » 3 55 » lu :û » ■l'sicux id. : : I 4". : Il I" : '.I 13 II I 2!' : jHivriMIX :: id. 'i 20 10 41 » -J 3'.l H II 7 2» I 31 : Caeii id. » ■ 2 53 11 7 511 11 10 35 »' 3 I. » |ï»ar:s arrivée 0 3" I 3 « 5 3i; » » lu 3'i » I 4' « HOTEL MOLIÈRE. Confortable et il. prix 1 IIOTEL IIIOLIÈRE. très inodéré, 13, rite de la Michodière. --- ¥|T.tlVAC à double table d'harmon i e par VAN I Mil US OVKRBERG, facteur breveté, rue de Choiscul, 9, admis ÏI l'Exposition universelle de 1855. Ces pianos se recommandent par une solidité à toute épreuve ; la double table d'harmonie leur donne plus de puissance et de sonorité que n'en ont les pianos à queue. (516) D17TT ,lrrÏ7 papetier, 153, rue Montmartre. Médaille de lre classe il l'Expos. univ de 1855, pour les Registres et fournitures de bureau. D 'NTE ALIGIIJEI)I ou lc pltol;Li.iic DANTE ALIGIIIEftï,ri'ZS AU MOYEN-ÂGE, Lettres à u , de Lamartine, par B. Castiglia. — Chez Dentu, au Palais-Royal, galerie Vitrée, nu 13. (5.¡ 2( H » Y'p 11 Chemjses, jrilets de flanelle, cols, craUri i Jj/lllê vates et caleçons.—3H, rue du Sentier. AU MIÉMX. FOULARDS. Les personnes qui désirent de bons foulards ne peu vent mieux s'adresser qu'i, l:1 Compagnie des [lides, rue de Greuelle-Saint-Germain, 42. Immense choix de foulards des Indes et de Chine, à 1 fr. 4.0, 2 25, 3 50, 5, 6, 8, 11 et 15 fr., que l'on paierait partout aillcurs 2 fr. 40, 3 25, 5 50, 7, 8, 12,15 et 20 fr. (494) CAMURIIVË CUA V AN ON. Essence pour détacher les étoffes de soie, de laine et de voleurs et pour nettoyer les gnnts, NE LAISSANT AUCUNE ODEUR sur les tissus. — LJrix : 1 Ir. 25 le fIncoll. Pharmacie du Louvre, 151, rue Saint-Honore;, à Paris. Dépôt chez tous les parfumeurs et pharmaciens. (488) lîRiîfSIf CI. Pl'i'-e 5 r.ampadtf. il Gèncs, iiiiAU ftti ET li 1 Commission et expédition. Fabrique de savon et de suif. Employée dans les Hôpitaux de Paris, Employt't¡ dan" les llÕpilaux de Paris, OltDONNKE dans les maladie»» du MMIÇ, de poitrine, d'estomac et d'intestins ; hémorrhagles, pertes et ¡¡n'prlions de l'àgc critique. Chaque ilacun est expressément accompagné de l'extrait Lie la brochure in-18 intitulée : Lu sunte rétablie par l'eall de I.échelle. O11 la trouve dans les principales villes de l'Italie, chez ml. les pharmaciens et clroguistcs, dépositaires des arlieles spéciaux de Paris. 413) JllIfrrTA commissionnaire spécial pour l'Itaj. MICCIO -9 lie, 17, rne de Trévise. c Cors, œils de perdrix, oi. H à gnons, durillons sont guéri: ■ en peu de jours avec Je TO, PI UE SAISSAC, il enlève la t~j~j~j~~j~~ douleur de suite, et fait tomber la racine. Emploi facile, sans nul danger. Pharma, cie, rue Fontaine-Molière, 18. En province, dans toutei tu bonnes pharmacies. (495) M PUBLICITÉ te Courrier franco-italien est le seul journal qui offre aux industriels de la France et 1 Seul organe des intérêts italiens a-Paris, c'est-à-dire au centre, non-seulement de la servés pour les annonces-affiches et pour les insertions périodiques et répétées plus de l'Italie l'avantage d'une sérieuse publicité internationale. I France, mais du monde civilisé^ le Coui^^ic)'en sommes convaincus, aura sieurs fois. La plupart des grands journaux français ne sont pas admis dans toute l'Italie, et d'ailun public à lui, composé de tors les industriels qui entretiennent des relations d'affaires et En résumé : modicité dans les prix, publicité toute' spéciale, profitable aux lecteurs italiens, La nnl'uy Dcaormt pdtees nt grands njoomurbnrae utx rès frlaimnçiaté is dne e lescotneut rpsa.Ls e adCmouis rrdiaenr s frtoauntce o-liq'tIautlai ileeines, Ft , erat au nce e1t COMMIR FRMCO-MIEl leurs qu'un nombre très limité de lecteurs.Le Couri-ielfranco-iltilieil au conde commerce avec les différents Etats de l'Italie. qui ne reçoivent pas les journaux politiques français, et aux lecteurs-françajs qui ne lisent traire, pénètre dans tous les Etats de la p{'nÏnsule, à cause de son but spécial, qui est detenir Le prix modique des annonces, dans ce journal, est un autre avantage qui ne trouvera jamais les journaux italiens, tels sont les avantages qui doivent engager le commerce franl'italiè au courant de tout ce qui peut l'intéresser dans le mouvement industriel, scientifique, pas MM. les négociants indifférents. Des conditions particulières et des forfaits sont réçais et italien a rechercher, pour ses annonces, les colonnes du Courrier fmllco-italien. tittéraire et artistique de la France.
| 0.379113
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| 1,068
| 4,184
| 240
| 240
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royalty biographies
| false
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99,799
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github_open_source_100_2_8276
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Github OpenSource
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Various open source
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@import 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Crimson+Text|Open+Sans';
@import 'https://cdn.rawgit.com/clirdlf/logo-fonts/master/style.min.css';
@import 'https://cdn.rawgit.com/clirdlf/logo-fonts/master/clir-font/stylesheet.min.css';
$anchor_color: #337ab7;
$link_color: $anchor_color;
$clir-burgundy: #560319;
$dlf-blue: #046BA5;
$ndsa-blue: #0165AE;
$hc-blue: darken($dlf-blue, 15%);
$dlf-blue: #236DA3;
$twitter-blue: #4099FF;
$linkedin-blue: #0177B5;
$rss-orange: #F17330;
$youtube-red: #D83232;
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| 63
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CSS Styles and Form Design
| false
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