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{
"en": "\"Save it with Ctrl, S.\"",
"sa": "\"Ctrl, S नुत्वा रक्षन्तु।\""
}
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{
"en": "Teacher will teach the students only once.",
"sa": "गुरुः छात्रान् एकवारं पाठयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"To recreate this animation, I have to take two images out of this stack which is very easy.\"",
"sa": "चित्रचालनमिदं पुनः कर्तुं मया अस्याः राशेः चित्रद्वयं स्वीकरणीयमस्ति । इदमतीव सुलभमस्ति ।"
}
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{
"en": "I will choose Colors options by clicking on it.",
"sa": "वयं Colors विकल्पं तस्योपरि नोदनेन चिनुमः ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"See the example here - one mountain, four villages, four paths leading to one goal towards flag.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"अत्र कानिचन उदाहरणानि पश्याम:- एक: पर्वत:, चत्वारो ग्रामा:, चत्वारो मार्गा: ये लक्ष्यं (पताकां) प्रति गच्छन्ति।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"But if any have caused grief, he hath not grieved me, but in part: that I may not overcharge you all.\"\"\"",
"sa": "येनाहं शोकयुक्तीकृतस्तेन केवलमहं शोकयुक्तीकृतस्तन्नहि किन्त्वंशतो यूयं सर्व्वेऽपि यतोऽहमत्र कस्मिंश्चिद् दोषमारोपयितुं नेच्छामि।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"• Tuck the toes. Inhaling, raise the head, chest, abdomen up making the back concave and the only parts of the body touching the ground are palms and toes.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"अंगुष्ठं परस्परं मेलयत । श्वासं स्वीकुर्यात्, शिर: उत्थापयेत्। वक्ष: स्थलं तथा उदरं धनुषाकारं कुर्यात । केवलं करतलं तथा अङ्गुष्ठम् एव भूमिं स्पृशति ।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "So there is no need to change anything here.",
"sa": "अतोऽत्र किमपि परिवर्तनं नावश्यकम् ।"
}
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{
"en": "Element can be a number or a string.",
"sa": "\"इदम् एलिमेण्ट्, सङ्ख्या वा स्ट्रिङ्ग् वा भवितुमर्हति ।\""
}
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{
"en": "Boy displays kindness in them.",
"sa": "बाल: एतासु प्रीतिं प्रदर्शयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "key features that will be demonstrated in the Moodle series.",
"sa": "\"अस्मिन् सरणौ विवरिष्यमाणानि प्रधानवैशिष्ट्यानि, इत्येतेषां विषयान् ज्ञास्यामः ।\""
}
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{
"en": "\"There are windows here, on the top.\"",
"sa": "अत्र उपरि वातायनानि सन्ति।"
}
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{
"en": "He gets a commission or provision on what they sell.",
"sa": "सः विक्रयमनुसृत्य माध्यस्थिकं(commission) वा provision वा प्राप्नोति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.\"\"\"",
"sa": "तत्पश्चाद् द्वितीय एको दूत उपस्थायावदत् पतिता पतिता सा महाबाबिल् या सर्व्वजातीयान् स्वकीयं व्यभिचाररूपं क्रोधमदम् अपाययत्।"
}
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{
"en": "These correspond to the three distinct phases in typesetting through latex:",
"sa": "एते गवाक्षाः लेटेक् उपयुज्य typeset कर्तुम् आवश्यकनि त्रीणि सोपानानि सन्ति।"
}
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{
"en": "It is prepared by mixing some herbs and plants.",
"sa": "\"\"\"औषधि:, वृक्षा: मिलित्वा होम: निर्मिमस्ति।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "Otherwise Hanuman will go by leaping over you like the sea.",
"sa": "\"\"\"अन्यथा हनुमान् सागरम् इव त्वां लङ्घयित्वा गच्छेयम्\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" इति ।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Installing Eclipse on Linux.",
"sa": "लिनक्स मध्ये एक्लिप्स इत्यस्य संस्थापनस्य विषये विद्यमानेऽस्मिन् पाठे भवतां स्वागतम्।"
}
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{
"en": "This printf is for printing a newline character at the end of each row.",
"sa": "\"इदं printf, प्रत्येकस्याः पङ्क्त्याः अन्ते newline character इतीदं मुद्रापयति ।\""
}
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{
"en": "And here is my first image.",
"sa": "अपि चेदं मम प्रथमचित्रमस्ति ।"
}
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{
"en": "We get the output as expected.",
"sa": "अपेक्षितं फ़लितम् प्राप्यते ।"
}
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{
"en": "Range allows us to select the range of pages that we want to print.",
"sa": "\"'Range' इति विकल्पः, मुद्रापणीयानां पृष्टानां श्रेणीं (Range) चेतुं साहाय्यं करोति।\""
}
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{
"en": "It comes with a component Palette with pre installed AWT and Swing components.",
"sa": "\"इदन्तु ,AWT अपि च Swing components इत्येतैः युक्तेन Component Palette इत्यनेन च युक्तं वर्तते ।\""
}
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{
"en": "King expels evil servant.",
"sa": "राजा दुष्ट सेवकं बहिष्करोति ।"
}
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{
"en": "Boy displays fondness in this.",
"sa": "बाल: एतस्मिन् वात्सल्यं प्रकटयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "You may use any web browser of your choice.",
"sa": "भवदभीष्टं यत्किमपि वेब् ब्रौसर् उपयोक्तुमर्हन्ति भवन्तः ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.\"\"\"",
"sa": "ततः परं ते जैतुननाम्नः पर्व्वताद् विश्रामवारस्य पथः परिमाणम् अर्थात् प्रायेणार्द्धक्रोशं दुरस्थं यिरूशालम्नगरं परावृत्यागच्छन्।"
}
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{
"en": "These are roads.",
"sa": "एते सृती ।"
}
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{
"en": "Align and distribute various objects",
"sa": "\"ओब्जेक्ट्स्-इतीमानि एकीकर्तुं अपि च प्रविभागं कर्तुं,\""
}
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{
"en": "Boy displays respect in that.",
"sa": "बाल: तस्यां आदरं प्रकटयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus' household.",
"sa": "\"\"\"अपरं ख्रीष्टेन परीक्षितम् आपिल्लिं मम नमस्कारं वदत, आरिष्टबूलस्य परिजनांश्च मम नमस्कारं ज्ञापयध्वं।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "Boy shows affection on her.",
"sa": "बाल: तस्यां प्रीतिं प्रकटयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"For relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown: http://spoken-tutorial.org\"",
"sa": "तत्सम्बद्धपाठाय कृपया अधस्तन जालपुटं पश्यन्तु : http://spoken-tutorial.org"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"But now they desire a better country, that is, an heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city.\"\"\"",
"sa": "किन्तु ते सर्व्वोत्कृष्टम् अर्थतः स्वर्गीयं देशम् आकाङ्क्षन्ति तस्माद् ईश्वरस्तानधि न लज्जमानस्तेषाम् ईश्वर इति नाम गृहीतवान् यतः स तेषां कृते नगरमेकं संस्थापितवान्।"
}
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{
"en": "Let me show you this in a scrap layer here.",
"sa": "scrap layer इत्येकस्मिन् अहमत्र भवते दर्शयामि ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Among the joys, worst is night.\"\"\"",
"sa": "धृतीनां तामसी अधमा ।"
}
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{
"en": "Sister is distressed by the quarrel between the two brothers.",
"sa": "भ्रात्रोः कलहेन भीगनी खिन्ना भवति ।"
}
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{
"en": "Once again click on Site administration in the left panel.",
"sa": "वामतः पेनल् मध्ये Site administration इतीदं पुनः नुदन्तु ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Then many of the Jews which came to Mary, and had seen the things which Jesus did, believed on him.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"मरियमः समीपम् आगता ये यिहूदीयलोकास्तदा यीशोरेतत् कर्म्मापश्यन् तेषां बहवो व्यश्वसन्,\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "Whatever useful for humans is a resource.",
"sa": "यत्किमपि मानवानां कृते उपयोगि भवति तत संसाधनम्।"
}
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{
"en": "Boy has kindness on you all.",
"sa": "बाल: भवत्सु सौजन्यं करोति ।"
}
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{
"en": "Ayurvedic herbs are time tested for their health and other benefits.",
"sa": "प्राचीनसमये निर्दिष्ट: दिशा-निर्देशं अद्यपि विज्ञानम दिशां ददाति।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.\"\"\"",
"sa": "चरणौ वह्निकुण्डेतापितसुपित्तलसदृशौ रवश्च बहुतोयानां रवतुल्यः।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Now when they were going, behold, some of the watch came into the city, and shewed unto the chief priests all the things that were done.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"स्त्रियो गच्छन्ति, तदा रक्षिणां केचित् पुरं गत्वा यद्यद् घटितं तत्सर्व्वं प्रधानयाजकान् ज्ञापितवन्तः।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "Let me start recording.",
"sa": "रेकोर्डिङ्ग् प्रारभे ।"
}
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{
"en": "A window will open which will show the download progress of the package selected for installation.",
"sa": "एका संवादपेटिका उद्घटये यत्र चितस्य सम्पुटस्य प्रतिष्ठापनप्रगतिः दृश्यते।"
}
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{
"en": "Let us see what will happen. Click on Save.",
"sa": "अधुना किं भवति इति पश्यामः। Save नुदन्तु।"
}
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{
"en": "Let's go back again to the Stroke paint tab. We can change the color of the stroke by moving the sliders under the RGB tab.",
"sa": "\"पुनः Stroke paint टेब्-प्रति आगच्छाम । स्ट्रोक्-वर्णं, RGB टेब्-मध्ये स्लैडर् चालयित्वा परिवर्तितुं शक्नुमः ।\""
}
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{
"en": "Hot air is used as a medium of cooking here.",
"sa": "विघौऽस्मिन उष्णवायुं भोजनपाकमाध्यमेन प्रयुज्यते।"
}
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{
"en": "3. What is the Sthiti (Initial) for Prone Posture?",
"sa": "3. उदरबलेन करणीयानाम आसनानां प्रारम्भिकास्थिति: कास्ति ?"
}
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{
"en": "We will use the response object to send the HTML response back to the client side.",
"sa": "HTML response इत्येतं client इत्यस्मै प्रतिप्रेषणाय वयं response object इत्यस्य उपयोगं कुर्मः ।"
}
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{
"en": "Click and drag to draw boat conformer of cyclohexane on the Panel.",
"sa": "\"पेनल् मध्ये, सैक्लोहेक्सेन् इत्यस्य बोट् कन्फ़र्मर् रचयितुं, नुत्वा कर्षयन्तु ।\""
}
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{
"en": "Here you can also switch to Saturation.",
"sa": "अत्र भवान् Saturation इतीदं प्रति विपरिवर्तनं (switch) कर्तुमपि शक्नोति ।"
}
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{
"en": "The df command gives a report on the free space available on the disk.",
"sa": "‘df’ इति आदेशः disc मध्ये उपलभ्यमानरिक्तस्थानस्य विषये ज्ञापयति।"
}
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{
"en": "\"Now, let us try the short-cut key to Exit i.e. Ctrl X to exit from the application.\"",
"sa": "बहिरागन्तुं शोर्ट्-कट् कीलकस्य उपयोगं कुर्मः । Ctrl X नोदनेन व्यवस्थां exit कुर्मः ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.\"\"\"",
"sa": "पश्यत स मेघैरागच्छति तेनैकैकस्य चक्षुस्तं द्रक्ष्यति ये च तं विद्धवन्तस्ते ऽपि तं विलोकिष्यन्ते तस्य कृते पृथिवीस्थाः सर्व्वे वंशा विलपिष्यन्ति। सत्यम् आमेन्।"
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{
"en": "\"Apache, MySQL and PHP obtained through XAMPP 5.5.19\"",
"sa": "\"XAMPP 5.5.19 द्वारा प्राप्तानि Apache, MySQL तथा PHP,\""
}
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{
"en": "You all will be viewing the sun rise.",
"sa": "यूयं सुर्योदयम् ईक्षिष्यध्वे ।"
}
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{
"en": "This will extract a fragment from the beginning of the sequence to the 6th base in the sequence.",
"sa": "एतत् सीक्वेन्स् आरम्भात् 6 बेस् पर्यन्तमपि विद्यमानम् एकं भागम् उद्घाटयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"In this tutorial, we learnt about the Tux Typing interface and completed our first typing lesson.\"",
"sa": "एतस्मिन् ट्यूटोरियल मध्ये वयं टक्स-टाइपिंग इंटरफेस विषये ज्ञातवन्तः। अस्माकं प्रथमटङ्कनपाठं सम्पूर्णं कृतवन्तः।"
}
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{
"en": "Welcome to the spoken tutorial of GIMP.",
"sa": "GIMP इति विषयके पाठेऽस्मिन् सर्वेभ्यः स्वागतम् ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"There were together Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two other of his disciples.\"\"\"",
"sa": "शिमोन्पितरः यमजथोमा गालीलीयकान्नानगरनिवासी निथनेल् सिवदेः पुत्रावन्यौ द्वौ शिष्यौ चैतेष्वेकत्र मिलितेषु शिमोन्पितरोऽकथयत् मत्स्यान् धर्तुं यामि।"
}
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{
"en": "Structure of a Java Class; A class defines:",
"sa": "जावा-क्लास् इत्यस्य स्वरूपम् एवमस्ति ।"
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{
"en": "Is the word 'AcAryaH' alphabetical order in this way - A + c + A+ r + y+ a + H",
"sa": "'आचार्यः' इति शब्दस्य वर्णक्रमः एवम् अस्ति - आ + च् + आ + र् + य् + अ + :"
}
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{
"en": "Place the cursor at the end of the last line and press Enter. Then type the following.",
"sa": "अन्तिमायाः पङ्क्त्याः अन्ते कर्सर् स्थापयित्वा Enter नुदन्तु । पश्चात् अधः यथा दर्शितं तथा टङ्कयन्तु ।"
}
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{
"en": "They have six legs. Most insects have wings. Wings help them to fly.",
"sa": "ऐषा पादौ भवत: प्राय: कीटानां पंक: भवन्ति य: उड्डयने सहायता कुर्वन्ति।"
}
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{
"en": "We will get the popup message:",
"sa": "तदा वयं किञ्चन पाप-अप सन्देशं प्राप्नुमः -"
}
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{
"en": "The path for the root directory is “c:\\xampp\\htdocs”",
"sa": "'रूट् डिरेक्टरि' इत्यस्य पाथ् “c:\\xampp\\htdocs” इति वर्तते ।"
}
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{
"en": "You see the pencil is very sharp in the edges and paint brush is smooth.",
"sa": "अग्र्येषु अङ्कनी अत्यन्तं तीक्ष्णा अस्ति अपि च रङ्गसेचनकूर्चः मृदुः इति भवान् पश्यति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched him.\"\"\"",
"sa": "अनन्तरं विश्रामवारे यीशौ प्रधानस्य फिरूशिनो गृहे भोक्तुं गतवति ते तं वीक्षितुम् आरेभिरे।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine, revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries:\"\"\"",
"sa": "आयुषो यः समयो व्यतीतस्तस्मिन् युष्माभि र्यद् देवपूजकानाम् इच्छासाधनं कामकुत्सिताभिलाषमद्यपानरङ्गरसमत्तताघृणार्हदेवपूजाचरणञ्चाकारि तेन बाहुल्यं।"
}
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{
"en": "Close all the previously opened windows and open a new window.",
"sa": "पूर्वम् उद्घाटितानि सर्वाणि विण्डोस् पिधाय नूतनं विण्डो उद्घाटयन्तु ।"
}
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{
"en": "These are vernacular languages.",
"sa": "एताः जनभाषाः ।"
}
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{
"en": "I am his devotee.",
"sa": "अहं तस्य भक्ता ।"
}
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{
"en": "Imitate to sit like a dog.",
"sa": "अस्मै आसनाय भवद्भि: श्वानवत् उपवेशनस्य प्रयासं करणीयम् ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"ततो राजा पुनरपि दासानन्यान् इत्युक्त्वा प्रेषयामास, निमन्त्रितान् वदत, पश्यत, मम भेज्यमासादितमास्ते, निजव्टषादिपुष्टजन्तून् मारयित्वा सर्व्वं खाद्यद्रव्यमासादितवान्, यूयं विवाहमागच्छत।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "\"Now, we have to insert the text under each of these sections.\"",
"sa": "अधुना प्रत्येकेषु विभागेषु पाठ्यं योजनीयम् ।"
}
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{
"en": "Then we register the driver in our program.",
"sa": "पश्चात् अस्माकं program इत्यस्मिन् वयं driver रिजिस्टर् कुर्मः ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"After some time, the teacher, or host should stop the music.\"\"\"",
"sa": "किञ्चित समयानन्तरं अध्यापक: अथवा प्रशिक्षक: गायनं स्थगयति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"Next, click on the Save button at the bottom of the page.\"",
"sa": "\"ततः, पुटस्य अधः विद्यमानं Save बटन् उपरि क्लिक्-कुर्वन्तु ।\""
}
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{
"en": "Let you hands hang free and relax your body with normal breathing",
"sa": "स्वहस्तौ स्वतन्त्रतया दोलयनमुद्रायां सामान्यश्वासेन सह स्वशरीरं विश्रामयेत्।"
}
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{
"en": "Press Ctrl + A to select the text and press Ctrl + C to copy them.",
"sa": "\"अक्षराणि चेतुं Ctrl A नुत्वा , Ctrl C नोदनेन कोपि कुर्वन्तु ।\""
}
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{
"en": "We should also give massage to ourhairs with warm oil.",
"sa": "केशा: ओष्णतैलेनमर्द्यन्ते चेत केशा: अनामया दृढा च भवन्ति।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Maricha repeatedly dissuaded him saying, 'O Ravana It is not proper for you to enter into hostility with the mighty and powerful Rama'.\"\"\"",
"sa": "मारिच: रावणं मुहुर्मुहु: निषेधं कृतवान बोधितवान च यत स्वाधिकबलवता जनेन सह कदापि शत्रुता न कर्त्तव्या।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:\"\"\"",
"sa": "तद्वद् वयमपि बाल्यकाले दासा इव संसारस्याक्षरमालाया अधीना आस्महे।"
}
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{
"en": "Your completed assignment should look like this.",
"sa": "सम्पूर्णे कृते तदेवं दृश्यताम् ।"
}
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{
"en": "Synchronization of inhalation and exhalation with the movement of the joints",
"sa": "विशिष्टसन्धिषु ध्यानकेन्द्रतकरणम ।"
}
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{
"en": "Click on 1st Year Maths subcategory to see the courses under it.",
"sa": "\"1st Year Maths उपविभागे कोर्सस् दृष्टुं, तस्योपरि नुदन्तु ।\""
}
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{
"en": "Type: System.out.println within brackets and double quotes Odd number semicolon.",
"sa": "“system dot out dot println” ब्रेकेट् मध्ये डबल् कोट्स् इत्यस्यान्तः “odd number” सेमिकोलन् ।"
}
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{
"en": "Valmiki writes Ramayana in Sanskrit language.",
"sa": "वाल्मीकिः रामायणं संस्कृत भाषायां लिखति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"And labour, working with our own hands: being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we suffer it:\"\"\"",
"sa": "कर्म्मणि स्वकरान् व्यापारयन्तश्च दुःखैः कालं यापयामः। गर्हितैरस्माभिराशीः कथ्यते दूरीकृतैः सह्यते निन्दितैः प्रसाद्यते।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures,\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"अथ तेभ्यः शास्त्रबोधाधिकारं दत्वावदत्,\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "\"To execute, type ./ incr (dot slash incr). Press Enter.\"",
"sa": "एक्सिक्यूट् कर्तुं ./ incr (dot slash incr) टङ्कयित्वा Enter नुदन्तु ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"And, in the drop-down to the right, I will select “Author”.\"",
"sa": "\"तथा, दक्षिणभागे ड्राप्-डौन् मध्ये, अहं “Author” चिनोमि ।\""
}
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{
"en": "It is required that we open the tex file with administrator privileges.",
"sa": "इदमनिवार्यं यत् अस्माभिः tex सञ्चिका व्यवस्थापकाधिकारेण उद्घाटनीया।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:\"\"\"",
"sa": "मम मेषा मम शब्दं शृण्वन्ति तानहं जानामि ते च मम पश्चाद् गच्छन्ति।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Clouds are the source of water, He who knows this, Becomes established in himself, Water is the source of clouds, He who knows this, Becomes established in himself.\"\"\"",
"sa": "मेघा: जलस्य स्रोता: सन्ति य: इदं जानाति स: बलशाली भवति । जलं मेघानाम आधारो वर्तते य: इदं जानाति स: बलवान् भवति । य: जलस्य स्रोतं जानाति स: बलवान भवति ।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"Agnipurana, Garudapurana and Vishnudharmattara purana speak on diseases of cows and their medical treatment.\"\"\"",
"sa": "\"\"\"अग्निपुराणं, गरूड़-पुराणं च विष्णु-पुराणे धेनवस्य रोगविषयं, तेषां औषधीय-उपचारस्य विवरणं भवति।\"\"\""
}
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{
"en": "2. How are detergents harmful for environment?",
"sa": "2. अपमार्जकं कथं पर्यावरणस्य कृते हानिकारकं भवति।"
}
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{
"en": "\"\"\"And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:\"\"\"",
"sa": "किन्तु यः कश्चित् ममैताः कथाः श्रुत्वा न पालयति स सैकते गेहनिर्म्मात्रा ऽज्ञानिना उपमीयते।"
}
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End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Sanskrit-English Parallel Translation Dataset (Saamayik)
Summary
The Saamayik Sanskrit-English Parallel Corpus is a contemporary prose-focused translation dataset containing around 53,000 parallel sentences in Sanskrit and English (48,326 in this main dataset, with an additional 4,047 Mann Ki Baat sentences). Sāmayik, meaning "sayings of the contemporary world" in Sanskrit, specifically addresses the gap in existing Sanskrit corpora which predominantly feature classical poetry. This dataset emphasizes contemporary Sanskrit usage in prose form, compiled from diverse modern sources including educational materials, technical tutorials, spiritual texts, and religious content.
Paper: ACL Anthology | arXiv
Languages
- Sanskrit (sa): Contemporary Sanskrit in Devanagari script (with some classical content)
- English (en): Modern English
Supported Tasks
This dataset is designed for:
- Machine Translation: Training and evaluating Sanskrit↔English translation models
- Cross-lingual Understanding: Studying linguistic patterns between Sanskrit and English
- Sanskrit NLP Research: Supporting various Sanskrit language processing tasks
- Educational Applications: Assisting in Sanskrit language learning and teaching
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
Each instance contains a parallel translation pair:
{
"translation": {
"en": "Save it with Ctrl, S.",
"sa": "Ctrl, S नुत्वा रक्षन्तु।"
}
}
Data Fields
translation: A dictionary containing:en(string): The English textsa(string): The Sanskrit text in Devanagari script
Data Splits
The dataset is divided into three splits:
| Split | Number of Examples | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| train | 43,493 | 90% |
| validation | 2,416 | 5% |
| test | 2,417 | 5% |
Note: The complete dataset on Hugging Face includes an additional test_ood split containing 4,047 sentences from Mann Ki Baat (MKB) for out-of-domain evaluation.
Source Distribution
The dataset combines content from multiple sources:
- Bible Translations: Parallel verses from Sanskrit and English Bible translations (7,838 pairs)
- Gitasopanam: Spiritual and philosophical texts with translations (5,885 pairs)
- NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling): Educational content in both languages (11,356 pairs)
- Spoken Tutorials: Technical and instructional content translations (23,835 pairs)
Note: The Mann Ki Baat (MKB) dataset (4,047 pairs) mentioned in the Sāmayik paper is provided separately as an out-of-domain evaluation set and is not included in this main dataset.
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
This dataset was created to address the scarcity of high-quality Sanskrit-English parallel corpora. Sanskrit, despite being a classical language with rich literary heritage, lacks sufficient digital resources for modern NLP applications. This dataset aims to:
- Provide contemporary Sanskrit prose for modern NLP applications
- Address the underrepresentation of prose in Sanskrit corpora
- Enable better machine translation for contemporary Sanskrit content
- Support the contemporary usage of Sanskrit beyond classical texts
Source Data
Data Collection
The data was collected from publicly available sources that provide Sanskrit-English parallel texts:
- Religious Texts: Carefully aligned translations of religious scriptures
- Educational Materials: Curriculum content from educational institutions
- Technical Content: Modern technical tutorials translated into Sanskrit
- Literary Works: Classical texts with established English translations
Data Processing
The preprocessing pipeline included:
- Text extraction from various formats (CSV, Excel, TXT)
- Sentence alignment verification
- Removal of empty or misaligned pairs
- Character normalization for Sanskrit text
- Quality filtering based on length ratios
The dataset underwent standard cleaning including removal of exact duplicate translation pairs, though individual sentences may appear multiple times with different translations.
Annotations
The dataset uses naturally occurring parallel translations rather than synthetic annotations. The translations were created by:
- Sanskrit scholars and linguists
- Educational institutions
- Religious organizations
- Professional translators
Personal and Sensitive Information
The dataset has been filtered to remove any personal information. The content is primarily educational, religious, and technical in nature.
Usage
Loading the Dataset
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load the entire dataset
dataset = load_dataset("acomquest/Saamayik")
# Access specific splits
train_data = dataset['train']
val_data = dataset['validation']
test_data = dataset['test']
# Note: The complete dataset includes test_ood (Mann Ki Baat)
# Example usage
for i in range(5):
example = train_data[i]
print(f"English: {example['translation']['en']}")
print(f"Sanskrit: {example['translation']['sa']}")
print("---")
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact
Positive impacts:
- Cultural Preservation: Helps preserve Sanskrit language and literature
- Educational Access: Enables Sanskrit learning through parallel texts
- Research Advancement: Supports computational linguistics research for low-resource languages
- Knowledge Dissemination: Makes ancient Sanskrit texts accessible to English speakers
Potential concerns:
- Translation Quality: Some translations may not capture cultural nuances
- Domain Bias: Heavy representation of religious and philosophical content
- Script Limitations: Focuses on Devanagari script, not other Sanskrit writing systems
Discussion of Biases
The dataset may exhibit several biases:
- Domain Bias: Overrepresentation of religious and educational content
- Style Bias: Formal and literary language style predominates
- Temporal Bias: Mix of ancient and modern content may affect consistency
- Cultural Bias: Translations may reflect specific cultural interpretations
Other Known Limitations
- Limited coverage of conversational Sanskrit
- May not include recent Sanskrit neologisms
- Some technical translations might be non-standard
- Sentence-level alignment may miss discourse-level features
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
This dataset was curated as part of the Saamayik project for Sanskrit language preservation and computational linguistics research.
Licensing Information
This dataset is released under the MIT License.
Citation Information
If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the original Sāmayik paper:
@inproceedings{maheshwari-etal-2024-samayik,
title = "Sāmayik: A Benchmark and Dataset for {E}nglish-{S}anskrit Translation",
author = "Maheshwari, Ayush and
Gupta, Ashim and
Krishna, Amrith and
Singh, Atul Kumar and
Ramakrishnan, Ganesh and
Kumar, G. Anil and
Singla, Jitin",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)",
month = may,
year = "2024",
address = "Torino, Italia",
publisher = "ELRA and ICCL",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.1245",
pages = "14244--14252",
}
Contributions
We welcome contributions to improve and expand this dataset. Please consider:
- Reporting alignment errors or quality issues
- Contributing additional parallel texts
- Improving preprocessing scripts
- Adding more metadata or annotations
Contact: https://ayushbits.github.io
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