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# Room to Breathe (Reba McEntire album)
Room to Breathe is the twenty-fifth studio album by American country music singer Reba McEntire. It was released on November 18, 2003, by MCA Nashville Records. It was produced by Buddy Cannon, McEntire, and Norro Wilson.
Room to Breathe was McEntire's first album of new recordings since 1999's So Good Together and her first studio album of the new millennium. McEntire had previously branched into theater and television, starring in a television sitcom, Reba, and had decided to temporarily leave the recording industry at the start of the new millennium. The release contained McEntire's first number one single in six years with "Somebody", while also hosting three additional singles between 2003 and 2005.
## Background
Room to Breathe was recorded in Nashville Tennessee in 2003 and consists of twelve tracks. About.com album reviewer, Matt Bjorke referred to the album as "a competent collection of well written, fun and emotional tunes. In essence, it's a return to form for Reba and should prove to be a critical and commercial success." Marshall Bowden of PopMatters considered McEntire's release to contain "more traditional-sounding material", exemplifying tracks such as "I'm Gonna Take My Mountain" and "Love Revival" to evoke this sound. The album was goaled to mainly showcase the different musical styles McEntire had utilized. For this, Bowden praised McEntire and producers, stating that, "McEntire, together with producers Buddy Cannon and Norro Wilson, has done a good job of presenting a variety of sounds. For some, the result will be too diverse and lack focus, but if McEntire can do all of these styles convincingly, why shouldn’t she?"
Some of the material on Room to Breathe included "story songs", such as "He Gets That from Me", which was recorded in memory of individuals who lost family members in the 2001 September 11 Attacks. Another track, "Moving Oleta" explains how an elderly man is forced to move his wife to a nursing home. Certain tracks included background vocals from country artist, Linda Davis. McEntire also collaborated with another country artist, Vince Gill for the closing track, "It Just Has to Be This Way", whom AllMusic reviewer, Maria Konicki Dinoia compared to McEntire's and Gill's number one duet single, "The Heart Won't Lie."
## Critical reception
| Review scores | Review scores |
| Source | Rating |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| About.com | [ 5 ] |
| AllMusic | [ 6 ] |
Matt Bjorke of About.com gave Room to Breathe five out of five stars, saying, "When you add up the performances throughout the duration of Room To Breathe, Reba has created her best and most personal album yet. With truly something for every country fan, the album is sure to become a big hit with old and new fans alike." Allmusic's Maria Konicki Dinoia gave the album three out of five stars. Even though she gave the album a lower rating, she gave much praise to effort, calling the album to sound, "revitalizing" and show a "cool Reba." Dinoia gave praise to the traditional sound of the album, saying, "On her first studio album in four years, she resurrects her passion for country music that seemed to have been missing on her previous album." Marshall Bowden of PopMatters also found Room to Breathe to also have a more traditional approach to it, comparing it to the sound of country music in the 1970s.
## Commercial performance
The lead single from the album, "I'm Gonna Take That Mountain", was released in summer 2003 and peaked in the Hot Country Songs Top 20 at #14. Room to Breathe was officially released November 18, 2003, reaching #4 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and peaking at #25 on the Billboard 200 all-genres list with first week sales of 72,297, spending four weeks on the chart, making its last appearance there in January 2004. The album's second single was released in 2004; "Somebody" reached #1 on the Hot Country Songs chart and #35 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was followed by "He Gets That from Me" later in the year, which reached a peak of #7 and the fourth single, "My Sister", reached #16. In August 2005, Room to Breathe was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.
## Track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------ |
| 1. | "Secret" | Lisa Brokop Ron Harbin Cyril Rawson | 3:22 |
| 2. | "If I Had Any Sense Left at All" | Hank Cochran Dale Dodson Red Lane [ 10 ] | 4:00 |
| 3. | "My Sister" | Bonnie Baker Amy Dalley Roxie Dean | 3:59 |
| 4. | "Once You've Learned to Be Lonely" | Candy Cameron Chip Davis Sharon Vaughn | 4:28 |
| 5. | "Moving Oleta" | Barry Dean | 3:27 |
| 6. | "Love Revival" | Marc Harris Leslie Satcher | 4:07 |
| 7. | "He Gets That from Me" | Steven Dale Jones Phillip White | 3:38 |
| 8. | "I'm Gonna Take That Mountain" | Melissa Peirce Jerry Salley | 3:24 |
| 9. | "Room to Breathe" | D. Vincent Williams Vicky McGehee | 3:31 |
| 10. | "Sky Full of Angels" | Burton Banks Collins Clay Mills Lisa Stewart | 2:51 |
| 11. | "Somebody" | Dave Berg Annie Tate Sam Tate | 3:50 |
| 12. | "It Just Has to Be This Way" (with Vince Gill) | Liz Hengber James Dean Hicks Anthony L. Smith | 3:48 |
## Personnel
### Musicians
- Reba McEntire – lead vocals
- John Hobbs – acoustic piano, synthesizers
- Randy McCormick – acoustic piano, Hammond organ, synthesizers
- Steve Nathan – acoustic piano
- Gary Prim – keyboards
- J. T. Corenflos – electric guitar
- Gregg Galbraith – electric guitar, nylon string guitar
- Dann Huff – electric guitar
- John Jorgenson – electric guitar, mandolin
- Dan Dugmore – acoustic guitar, dobro, steel guitar, lap steel guitar
- B. James Lowry – acoustic guitar, nylon string guitar
- Dan Tyminski – acoustic guitar, mandolin, backing vocals
- David Talbot – banjo
- Rob Ickes – dobro
- Larry Paxton – bass guitar, string arrangements
- Paul Leim – drums, percussion
- Larry Franklin – fiddle
- Alison Krauss – fiddle, backing vocals
- Kristin Wilkinson – string arrangements
- The Nashville String Machine – strings
- Bob Bailey – backing vocals
- Lisa Cochran – backing vocals
- Chip Davis – backing vocals
- Linda Davis – backing vocals
- Kim Fleming – backing vocals
- Vince Gill – lead and backing vocals (12)
- Vicki Hampton – backing vocals
- Sonya Isaacs – backing vocals
- Marabeth Jordan – backing vocals
- Louis Dean Nunley – backing vocals
- Bergen White – backing vocals
- Dennis Wilson – backing vocals
- Curtis Wright – backing vocals
### Production and Technical
- Buddy Cannon – producer
- Reba McEntire – producer
- Norro Wilson – producer
- Tony Castle – engineer
- Patrick Murphy – assistant engineer
- J.R. Rodriguez – assistant engineer
- John Guess – mixing
- Hank Williams – mastering
- Eberhard Ramm – music copyist
- Shannon Finnegan – project coordination
- Bethany Newman – art direction, design
- Ron Davis – photography
- Michelle Moder – wardrobe
- Brett Freedman – hair stylist
- Terri Apanasewicz – makeup
## Charts
| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| --------------------------------- | ------------- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 176 |
| US Billboard 200 | 25 |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 4 |
| Chart (2004) | Position |
| --------------------------------- | -------- |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 23 |
| Chart (2005) | Position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 39 |
### Singles
| Year | Song | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Song | US Country | US |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------- | --------------- |
| 2003 | "I'm Gonna Take That Mountain" | 14 | 103 |
| 2004 | "Somebody" | 1 | 35 |
| 2004 | "He Gets That from Me" | 7 | 59 |
| 2005 | "My Sister" | 16 | 93 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | | | |
## Certifications and sales
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------- |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | | |
|
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Room to Breathe (Reba McEntire album)
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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Room to Breathe
| type = studio
| artist = [[Reba McEntire]]
| cover = RebaRoomToBreathe.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2003|11|18}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre = [[Country music|Country]]
| length = 44:31
| label = [[MCA Nashville Records|MCA Nashville]]
| producer = *[[Buddy Cannon]]
*Reba McEntire
*[[Norro Wilson]]
| prev_title = [[20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Reba Number 1's|Reba #1's]]
| next_year = 2005
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Room to Breathe
| type = studio
| single1 = [[I'm Gonna Take That Mountain]]
| single1date = August 25, 2003
| single2 = [[Somebody (Mark Wills song)|Somebody]]
| single2date = January 17, 2004
| single3 = [[He Gets That from Me]]
| single3date = September 4, 2004
| single4 = [[My Sister (Reba McEntire song)|My Sister]]
| single4date = March 19, 2005
}}
}}
'''''Room to Breathe''''' is the twenty-fifth studio album by American [[country music]] singer [[Reba McEntire]]. It was released on November 18, 2003, by [[MCA Nashville Records]]. It was produced by [[Buddy Cannon]], McEntire, and [[Norro Wilson]].
''Room to Breathe'' was McEntire's first album of new recordings since 1999's ''[[So Good Together]]'' and her first studio album of the new millennium.<ref name="allmusicbio">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p1724|pure_url=yes}}|title=Reba McEntire > Biography|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|website=[[allmusic]]|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref> McEntire had previously branched into theater and television, starring in a television sitcom, ''[[Reba (TV series)|Reba]],'' and had decided to temporarily leave the recording industry at the start of the new millennium.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://countrymusic.about.com/cs/productreviews/gr/aaprrm2breathe.htm|title=''Room to Breathe'' - Reba McEntire|last=Bjorke|first=Matt|publisher=[[about.com]]|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref> The release contained McEntire's first number one single in six years with "[[Somebody (Reba McEntire song)|Somebody]]", while also hosting three additional singles between 2003 and 2005.<ref name="allmusicbio"/>
==Background==
''Room to Breathe'' was recorded in [[Nashville Tennessee]] in 2003 and consists of twelve tracks. ''[[About.com]]'' album reviewer, Matt Bjorke referred to the album as "a competent collection of well written, fun and emotional tunes. In essence, it's a return to form for Reba and should prove to be a critical and commercial success."<ref name="about"/> Marshall Bowden of ''[[PopMatters]]'' considered McEntire's release to contain "more traditional-sounding material", exemplifying tracks such as "I'm Gonna Take My Mountain" and "Love Revival" to evoke this sound. The album was goaled to mainly showcase the different musical styles McEntire had utilized. For this, Bowden praised McEntire and producers, stating that, "McEntire, together with producers Buddy Cannon and Norro Wilson, has done a good job of presenting a variety of sounds. For some, the result will be too diverse and lack focus, but if McEntire can do all of these styles convincingly, why shouldn’t she?"<ref name="popmatters">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mcentirereba-room/|title=''Room to Breathe'' < Review|last=Bowden|first=Marshall|magazine=[[PopMatters]]|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref>
Some of the material on ''Room to Breathe'' included "story songs", such as "He Gets That from Me", which was recorded in memory of individuals who lost family members in the 2001 [[September 11 Attacks]]. Another track, "Moving Oleta" explains how an elderly man is forced to move his wife to a [[nursing home]].<ref name="popmatters"/> Certain tracks included background vocals from country artist, [[Linda Davis]]. McEntire also collaborated with another country artist, [[Vince Gill]] for the closing track, "It Just Has to Be This Way", whom [[AllMusic]] reviewer, Maria Konicki Dinoia compared to McEntire's and Gill's number one duet single, "[[The Heart Won't Lie]]."<ref name="allmusicreview">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r668887|pure_url=yes}}|title=''Room to Breathe'' > Overview|last=Konicki Dinoia|first=Maria|website=allmusic|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref>
==Critical reception==
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[About.com]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>[http://countrymusic.about.com/cs/productreviews/gr/aaprrm2breathe.htm About rating]</ref>
| rev2 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev2Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r668887}}</ref>
}}
Matt Bjorke of ''[[About.com]]'' gave ''Room to Breathe'' five out of five stars, saying, "When you add up the performances throughout the duration of ''Room To Breathe'', Reba has created her best and most personal album yet. With truly something for every country fan, the album is sure to become a big hit with old and new fans alike."<ref name="about"/> [[Allmusic]]'s Maria Konicki Dinoia gave the album three out of five stars. Even though she gave the album a lower rating, she gave much praise to effort, calling the album to sound, "revitalizing" and show a "cool Reba." Dinoia gave praise to the traditional sound of the album, saying, "On her first studio album in four years, she resurrects her passion for country music that seemed to have been missing on her previous album."<ref name="allmusicreview"/> Marshall Bowden of ''[[PopMatters]]'' also found ''Room to Breathe'' to also have a more traditional approach to it, comparing it to the sound of country music in the 1970s.<ref name="popmatters"/>
==Commercial performance==
The lead single from the album, "I'm Gonna Take That Mountain", was released in summer 2003 and peaked in the [[Hot Country Songs]] Top 20 at #14.<ref name="allmusicbio"/> ''Room to Breathe'' was officially released November 18, 2003, reaching #4 on the ''[[Billboard Magazine|Billboard]]'' [[Top Country Albums]] chart and peaking at #25 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] all-genres list with first week sales of 72,297,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/sales/archcht.cgi?cht871 |title=HITS Daily Double: Previous Album Sales Chart |work=hitsdailydouble.com |accessdate=August 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130125125532/http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/sales/archcht.cgi?cht871 |archivedate=January 25, 2013 }}</ref> spending four weeks on the chart, making its last appearance there in January 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://acharts.us/album/13185|title=''Room to Breathe''|publisher=a.charts.us.com|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref> The album's second single was released in 2004; "[[Somebody (Reba McEntire song)|Somebody]]" reached #1 on the Hot Country Songs chart and #35 on the ''[[Billboard Hot 100]]''. It was followed by "He Gets That from Me" later in the year, which reached a peak of #7 and the fourth single, "My Sister", reached #16.<ref name="allmusicbio"/> In August 2005, ''Room to Breathe'' was certified [[Music recording sales certification|platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]].<ref name=RIAA>{{certification Cite|region=United States|type=album|title=Room to Breathe|artist=Reba Mc Entire|accessdate=July 29, 2009}}</ref>
==Track listing==
{{track listing
| title1 = Secret
| writer1 = {{hlist|[[Lisa Brokop]]|Ron Harbin|Cyril Rawson}}
| length1 = 3:22
| title2 = If I Had Any Sense Left at All
| writer2 = {{hlist|[[Hank Cochran]]|Dale Dodson|[[Red Lane]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/DetailView.aspx?detail=titleid&keyid=6823543&ShowNbr=0&ShowSeqNbr=0&blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True|title='If I Had Any Sense Left at All' listing|work=[[Broadcast Music Incorporated]]|accessdate=May 10, 2017}}</ref>
| length2 = 4:00
| title3 = [[My Sister (Reba McEntire song)|My Sister]]
| writer3 = {{hlist|Bonnie Baker|[[Amy Dalley]]|[[Roxie Dean]]}}
| length3 = 3:59
| title4 = Once You've Learned to Be Lonely
| writer4 = {{hlist|Candy Cameron|Chip Davis|[[Sharon Vaughn]]}}
| length4 = 4:28
| title5 = Moving Oleta
| writer5 = [[Barry Dean (songwriter)|Barry Dean]]
| length5 = 3:27
| title6 = Love Revival
| writer6 = {{hlist|Marc Harris|[[Leslie Satcher]]}}
| length6 = 4:07
| title7 = [[He Gets That from Me]]
| writer7 = {{hlist|Steven Dale Jones|Phillip White}}
| length7 = 3:38
| title8 = [[I'm Gonna Take That Mountain]]
| writer8 = {{hlist|[[Melissa Peirce]]|[[Jerry Salley]]}}
| length8 = 3:24
| title9 = Room to Breathe
| writer9 = {{hlist|[[D. Vincent Williams]]|[[Vicky McGehee]]}}
| length9 = 3:31
| title10 = Sky Full of Angels
| writer10 = {{hlist|Burton Banks Collins|[[Clay Mills]]|[[Lisa Stewart]]}}
| length10 = 2:51
| title11 = [[Somebody (Mark Wills song)|Somebody]]
| writer11 = {{hlist|[[Dave Berg (songwriter)|Dave Berg]]|Annie Tate|Sam Tate}}
| length11 = 3:50
| title12 = It Just Has to Be This Way
| note12 = with [[Vince Gill]]
| writer12 = {{hlist|[[Liz Hengber]]|James Dean Hicks|Anthony L. Smith}}
| length12 = 3:48
}}
== Personnel ==
=== Musicians ===
{{div col}}
* [[Reba McEntire]] – lead vocals
* John Hobbs – acoustic piano, synthesizers
* Randy McCormick – acoustic piano, [[Hammond organ]], synthesizers
* [[Steve Nathan]] – acoustic piano
* Gary Prim – keyboards
* [[J. T. Corenflos]] – electric guitar
* Gregg Galbraith – electric guitar, [[nylon string guitar]]
* [[Dann Huff]] – electric guitar
* [[John Jorgenson]] – electric guitar, [[mandolin]]
* [[Dan Dugmore]] – acoustic guitar, [[dobro]], [[steel guitar]], [[lap steel guitar]]
* B. James Lowry – acoustic guitar, nylon string guitar
* [[Dan Tyminski]] – acoustic guitar, mandolin, backing vocals
* David Talbot – [[banjo]]
* [[Rob Ickes]] – dobro
* Larry Paxton – bass guitar, string arrangements
* [[Paul Leim]] – drums, percussion
* [[Larry Franklin (musician)|Larry Franklin]] – [[fiddle]]
* [[Alison Krauss]] – fiddle, backing vocals
* Kristin Wilkinson – string arrangements
* [[The Nashville String Machine]] – strings
* Bob Bailey – backing vocals
* Lisa Cochran – backing vocals
* Chip Davis – backing vocals
* [[Linda Davis]] – backing vocals
* Kim Fleming – backing vocals
* [[Vince Gill]] – lead and backing vocals (12)
* Vicki Hampton – backing vocals
* [[Sonya Isaacs]] – backing vocals
* [[First Call|Marabeth Jordan]] – backing vocals
* Louis Dean Nunley – backing vocals
* Bergen White – backing vocals
* Dennis Wilson – backing vocals
* [[Curtis Wright]] – backing vocals
{{div col end}}
=== Production and Technical ===
{{div col}}
* Buddy Cannon – producer
* Reba McEntire – producer
* Norro Wilson – producer
* Tony Castle – engineer
* Patrick Murphy – assistant engineer
* J.R. Rodriguez – assistant engineer
* John Guess – mixing
* Hank Williams – mastering
* Eberhard Ramm – music copyist
* Shannon Finnegan – project coordination
* Bethany Newman – art direction, design
* Ron Davis – photography
* Michelle Moder – wardrobe
* Brett Freedman – hair stylist
* Terri Apanasewicz – makeup
{{div col end}}
==Charts==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2003)
! scope="col"| Peak<br /> position
|-
! scope="row"| Australian Albums ([[ARIA Charts|ARIA]])<ref name="ARIA history pages">{{cite web|url= https://imgur.com/a/xq9RIjT | title=Reba McEntire ARIA Chart history (complete) (1988 to 2024)|publisher=ARIA|via=Imgur.com|access-date= July 28, 2024}} N.B. The High Point number in the NAT column represents the release's peak on the national chart.</ref>
| 176
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|25|artist=Reba McEntire|rowheader=true|accessdate=November 8, 2020}}
|-
{{album chart|BillboardCountry|4|artist=Reba McEntire|rowheader=true|accessdate=November 8, 2020}}
|}
{{col-2}}
===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2004)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| US Top Country Albums (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2004/top-country-albums|title=Top Country Albums – Year-End 2004|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 8, 2020}}</ref>
| 23
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2005)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| US Top Country Albums (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2005/top-country-albums|title=Top Country Albums – Year-End 2005|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 8, 2020}}</ref>
| 39
|}
{{col-end}}
===Singles===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2"| Song
! colspan="2"| Chart positions<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r668887|pure_url=yes}}|title=Billboard chart positions > singles|website=allmusic|accessdate=July 29, 2009}}</ref>
|- style="font-size:smaller;"
! width="45"| [[Hot Country Songs|US Country]]
! width="45"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]
|-
| 2003
| align="left"| "I'm Gonna Take That Mountain"
| 14
| 103
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2004
| align="left"| "Somebody"
| 1
| 35
|-
| align="left"| "He Gets That from Me"
| 7
| 59
|-
| 2005
| align="left"| "My Sister"
| 16
| 93
|-
| align="center" colspan="4" style="font-size: 8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart.
|-
|}
==Certifications and sales==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Room the Breathe|artist=Reba McEntire|type=album|award=Platinum}}<ref name=RIAA/>
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=yes}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reba Mcentire}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2003 albums]]
[[Category:Reba McEntire albums]]
[[Category:MCA Records albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Buddy Cannon]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Norro Wilson]]
| 1,293,670,758
|
[{"title": "Studio album by Reba McEntire", "data": {"Released": "November 18, 2003", "Genre": "Country", "Length": "44:31", "Label": "MCA Nashville", "Producer": "Buddy Cannon Reba McEntire Norro Wilson"}}, {"title": "Reba McEntire chronology", "data": {"20th Century Masters \u2013 The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba \u00b7 (2003)": "Room to Breathe \u00b7 (2003) \u00b7 Reba #1's \u00b7 (2005)"}}, {"title": "Singles from Room to Breathe", "data": {"Singles from Room to Breathe": "1. \"I'm Gonna Take That Mountain\" \u00b7 Released: August 25, 2003 2. \"Somebody\" \u00b7 Released: January 17, 2004 3. \"He Gets That from Me\" \u00b7 Released: September 4, 2004 4. \"My Sister\" \u00b7 Released: March 19, 2005"}}, {"title": "Reba McEntire", "data": {"Studio albums": "Reba McEntire Out of a Dream Feel the Fire Heart to Heart Unlimited Behind the Scene Just a Little Love My Kind of Country Have I Got a Deal for You Whoever's in New England What Am I Gonna Do About You The Last One to Know Merry Christmas to You Reba Sweet Sixteen Rumor Has It For My Broken Heart It's Your Call Read My Mind Starting Over What If It's You If You See Him So Good Together The Secret of Giving: A Christmas Collection Room to Breathe Reba: Duets Keep On Loving You All the Women I Am Love Somebody My Kind of Christmas Sing It Now: Songs of Faith & Hope Stronger Than the Truth Not That Fancy", "Compilation albums": "The Best of Reba McEntire Reba Nell McEntire Reba McEntire's Greatest Hits You Lift Me Up to Heaven Greatest Hits Volume Two Oklahoma Girl Moments and Memories: The Best of Reba I'll Be Greatest Hits Volume III: I'm a Survivor 20th Century Masters: The Christmas Collection Reba #1's 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection Love Revival 50 Greatest Hits Revived Remixed Revisited", "Live albums": "Reba Live", "Tours": "2 Hats and a Redhead 2 Worlds 2 Voices Tour All the Women I Am Tour Together in Vegas", "Television": "Reba Malibu Country Happy's Place", "Family": "Shelby Blackstock (son) Susie McEntire (sister) Pake McEntire (brother)", "Related": "Reba McEntire as a gay icon National Finals Rodeo Grand Ole Opry Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum Linda Davis Vince Gill Brooks & Dunn Kelly Clarkson"}}]
| false
|
# Nobody's Perfect (Jessie J song)
"Nobody's Perfect" is a song by English singer-songwriter Jessie J from her debut studio album, Who You Are. The song was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly and Andre Brissett, and it was produced by Brissett and Kelly, and refers to a struggle about perfection complex and regret over past indiscretions. It was released as the album's third single on 27 May 2011, after being served to radio stations on 20 April 2011. Its physical release was originally set to 23 May 2011, however it was pushed back to 30 May 2011 for an impact release. The alternate version sent to radio and used for the music video, was remixed by Tom Elmhirst and is notably different from the album version with re-recorded vocals and different production. "Nobody's Perfect" peaked at number nine in the United Kingdom, becoming Jessie J's third top ten single. On The Voice, Jessie J and Vince Kidd sang "Nobody's Perfect" as a duet.
## Background
"Nobody's Perfect" is a mid-tempo song written by Jessie J and Claude Kelly. It is written in the key of G minor with Jessie J's vocals spanning from Bb3 to F5. Jessie wrote the original version when she was 17.
On 15 April 2011, during an interview with Digital Spy, Jessie revealed that "Nobody's Perfect" would be the album's third single following "Price Tag" with B.o.B (2011) and "Do It Like a Dude" (2010). She described "Nobody's Perfect" as one of her favourite songs from the album. MTV reported that the single is, so far, only confirmed for release in the United Kingdom. During an interview with The Sun, Jessie said:
"It's one of the most honest and raw songs on there... Every time I sing it I relive the moment that I wrote it about. I think it's important to expose your flaws in music as well as your positives. As it says, nobody's perfect. I'm definitely not!"
It was added to UK mainstream radio on 20 April 2011.
## Critical reception
The song received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Jessie's vocal performance, describing the song "impressive, refreshingly real-sounding with a upbeat, uplifting charge, featuring lines layered across each other to the point of overkill." Some negatively described that while Jessie is currently UK's most promising singer to pursue an international career, this song may be her weakest spot and it "fails to entirely deliver and falls short of the promised hype."
## Chart performance
On the week ending 12 March 2011, "Nobody's Perfect" debuted at number eighty-one on the UK Singles Chart. The following week, the song fell to number ninety-seven before rising back up the chart to number thirty-two the next week. "Nobody's Perfect" has peaked at number nine, making it Jessie J's third top-ten single in the United Kingdom following "Do It Like a Dude" and "Price Tag". In Australia, the song debuted at number twenty-four on 16 May 2011. It has since peaked at number nine and has been certified 2× Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 140,000 units.
## Music video
Filmed in technicolor format, the music video for "Nobody's Perfect" was shot at Nu Boyana Film studios in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 24 March 2011 and was directed by Emil Nava. The music video premiered on 14 April 2011 in the United Kingdom through Jessie's Vevo channel. The music video is inspired by Lewis Carroll classic tale Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Jessie J sits in a banquet table similar to the Mad Hatters' tea party. Jessie J is shown in a hall of doors that gives a resemblance to the curious hall in the first chapter of Alice in Wonderland. Jessie J also rolls in tar and appears dressed as the Roman goddess Libertas, who is better known as the robed female figure of the Statue of Liberty, what could be interpreted as Black-and-white dualism. After completing the filming sessions, Jessie J described the video as her favorite done so far.
## Cover versions
Angela Miller covered "Nobody's Perfect" in the Las Vegas Round of American Idol on 20 February 2013, subsequently qualifying for the semi-finals. Fellow contestant Melinda Ademi also performed the song for her Las Vegas round performance on 6 March 2013, though she failed to qualify for the semi-finals.
In 2017, the song was performed live by Teodora Sava when she was 15 years old, in duet with Florin Ristei (former winner of X Factor Romania), as special guests of the popular TV show Te cunosc de undeva!. At 16 years old, she recorded the song in studio.
## Formats and track listings
- Australian digital EP[27]
1. "Nobody's Perfect" (Album Version) – 4:19
2. "Nobody's Perfect" (Alternate Version) – 4:16
3. "Nobody's Perfect" (Acoustic Version) – 4:42
4. "Nobody's Perfect" (Netsky Full Vocal Remix) – 4:55
5. "Nobody's Perfect" (Steve Smart Remix) – 5:54
6. "Nobody's Perfect" (Video) - 4:14
- UK CD single[28] / digital EP[29]
1. "Nobody's Perfect" (Alternate Version - Radio Edit) – 3:41
2. "Nobody's Perfect" (Acoustic Version) – 4:42
3. "Nobody's Perfect" (Netsky Full Vocal Remix) – 4:55
4. "Nobody's Perfect" (Steve Smart Remix) – 5:54
## Credits and personnel
- Jessie J – songwriter and vocals
- Claude Kelly – songwriter and producer
- Andre Brissett – producer
- Ben 'Bengineer' Chang – recording
- Jean-Marie Horvat – mixing
- Tom Coyne – mastering
Credits adapted from Who You Are album liner notes.
## Charts
| Chart (2011–2012) | Peak position |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 9 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 33 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 49 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 11 |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 88 |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 27 |
| Germany (GfK) | 40 |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 29 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 10 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 14 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 56 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 34 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 19 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 10 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 9 |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 78 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 71 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 9 |
| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit) | 61 |
| Chart (2011) | Position |
| ------------------------ | -------- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 72 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 56 |
| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit) | 160 |
## Certifications
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 2× Platinum | 140,000^ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Platinum | 60,000‡ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 7,500* |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000^ |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. | | |
## Release history
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| -------------- | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------- |
| United Kingdom | 20 April 2011 | Mainstream radio airplay | Lava Records, Island Records |
| Australia | 27 May 2011 | Digital download | Lava Records, Universal Republic |
| United Kingdom | 27 May 2011 | Digital download | Lava Records, Island Records |
| United Kingdom | 30 May 2011 | CD single | Lava Records, Island Records |
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Nobody's Perfect (Jessie J song)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody%27s_Perfect_(Jessie_J_song)
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2025-06-15T16:01:14Z
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en
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Q934751
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{{short description|2011 single by Jessie J}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Nobody's Perfect
| cover = Nobody's perfect cover.png
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Jessie J]]
| album = [[Who You Are (Jessie J album)|Who You Are]]
| released = 27 May 2011
| recorded =
| studio = Santisound (Los Angeles, CA)<ref name="liner">{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Who You Are (Jessie J album)|Who You Are]] |others=[[Jessie J]] |date=2011 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Lava Records]], [[Universal Republic Records]], [[Island Records]] |id=00 6025 278 701-2 0.}}</ref>
| venue =
| genre = {{flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]<ref name="rnbdigitalspy">{{cite web|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=ds Music|last=Corner|first=Lewis|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/singlesreviews/a317637/jessie-j-nobodys-perfect.html|title=Jessie J: 'Nobody's Perfect'|date=10 May 2011|access-date=10 May 2011}}</ref>}}
| length = 4:19<br>4:16 (alternate version)<br>3:41 (radio edit)
| label = *[[Lava Records|Lava]]
*[[Island Records|Island]]
| writer = [[Jessie J|Jessica Cornish]]
*[[Claude Kelly]]
*Andre Brissett
| producer = *Andre Brissett
*Claude Kelly
| prev_title = [[Price Tag]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Who's Laughing Now (Jessie J song)|Who's Laughing Now]]
| next_year = 2011
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|aSZVYZTze74|"Nobody's Perfect"}}
}}
}}
"'''Nobody's Perfect'''" is a song by English singer-songwriter [[Jessie J]] from her debut studio album, ''[[Who You Are (Jessie J album)|Who You Are]]''. The song was written by Jessie J, [[Claude Kelly]] and Andre Brissett, and it was produced by Brissett and Kelly, and refers to a struggle about perfection complex and regret over past indiscretions.<ref name="independent">{{cite web|work=[[The Independent]]|publisher=Andy Gill|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-jessie-j-who-you-are-island-2224678.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301034033/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-jessie-j-who-you-are-island-2224678.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2011|title=Album: Jessie J, Who You Are (Island)|date=25 February 2011|access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref> It was released as the album's third single on 27 May 2011, after being served to radio stations on 20 April 2011.<ref name="BBC Radio 1 April 20"/> Its physical release was originally set to 23 May 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/164934/9|title=JESSIE J ANNOUNCES RELEASE OF NEW SINGLE 'NOBODY'S PERFECT' & VIDEO - WATCH NOW|date=15 April 2011|access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> however it was pushed back to 30 May 2011 for an impact release.<ref name="release1">{{cite web|url=http://www.themusicfix.co.uk/content/news-flash/13882/jessie-j-isnt-perfect.html|title=The Music Fix - Jessie J isn't Perfect|date=16 April 2011|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729135543/http://music.thedigitalfix.com/content/news-flash/13882/jessie-j-isnt-perfect.html|archive-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="release2">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaamusic.co.uk/2011/04/16/jessie-j-new-single-%E2%80%9Cnobody%E2%80%99s-perfect%E2%80%9D-available-now-physical-release-impact-date-%E2%80%93-30th-may/|title=Jessie J new single "Nobody's Perfect" Available Now Physical Release / Impact Date – 30th May|date=15 April 2011|access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref> The alternate version sent to radio and used for the music video, was remixed by [[Tom Elmhirst]] and is notably different from the album version with re-recorded vocals and different production. "Nobody's Perfect" peaked at number nine in the United Kingdom, becoming Jessie J's third top ten single. On ''The Voice'', Jessie J and Vince Kidd sang "Nobody's Perfect" as a duet.
==Background==
"Nobody's Perfect" is a mid-tempo song written by Jessie J and [[Claude Kelly]].<ref name="Album Credits">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Who You Are |others=Jessie J |year=2011 |type=Booklet |publisher=[[Lava Records|Lava]], [[Universal Republic Records|Universal Republic]] |location=Broadway [[New York City|NY]]}}</ref> It is written in the key of [[G minor]] with Jessie J's vocals spanning from Bb<sub>3</sub> to F<sub>5</sub>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtdFPE.asp?ppn=MN0094938&ref=google|title=Jessie J "Nobody's Perfect" Sheet Music in G Minor (transposable) - Download & Print|first=Kelly|last=Claude|website=Musicnotes.com|access-date=20 May 2017|date=28 June 2011}}</ref> Jessie wrote the original version when she was 17.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugQls_g6K00|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
On 15 April 2011, during an interview with [[Digital Spy]], Jessie revealed that "Nobody's Perfect" would be the album's third single following "[[Price Tag]]" with [[B.o.B]] (2011) and "[[Do It Like a Dude]]" (2010).<ref name="Love">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a306208/jessie-j-reveals-next-single-choice.html|title=Jessie J reveals next single choice|date=28 February 2011|website=digitalspy.co.uk|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> She described "Nobody's Perfect" as one of her favourite songs from the album.<ref name="Love"/> [[MTV]] reported that the single is, so far, only confirmed for release in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Patterson">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/music/urban/260042-jessie-j-reveals-next-single|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504114933/http://www.mtv.co.uk/music/urban/260042-jessie-j-reveals-next-single|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2012|title=Latest Music News, Charts, Playlists and Videos|website=mtv.co.uk|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> During an interview with ''The Sun'', Jessie said: {{blockquote|"It's one of the most honest and raw songs on there... Every time I sing it I relive the moment that I wrote it about. I think it's important to expose your flaws in music as well as your positives. As it says, nobody's perfect. I'm definitely not!"<ref name="Patterson"/>}} It was added to UK [[BBC Radio 1|mainstream radio]] on 20 April 2011.<ref name="BBC Radio 1 April 20"/>
==Critical reception==
The song received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Jessie's vocal performance, describing the song "impressive, refreshingly real-sounding with a upbeat, uplifting charge, featuring lines layered across each other to the point of overkill."<ref name="independent" /><ref name="yahooreview">{{cite web|work=[[Yahoo! Music]]|publisher=Mischa Pearlman|url=http://new.uk.music.yahoo.com/blogs/albumreviewsuk/6082/jessie-jwho-you-are/|title=Jessie J - 'Who You Are' - Album Reviews|date=28 February 2011|access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref> Some negatively described that while Jessie is currently UK's most promising singer to pursue an international career, this song may be her weakest spot and it "fails to entirely deliver and falls short of the promised hype."<ref name="yahooreview" /><ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=Jillian Mapes|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/viral-videos/472071/jessie-j-shows-less-than-perfect-side-in-new-video|title=Jessie J Shows Less Than 'Perfect' Side in New Video|date=14 April 2011|access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref>
==Chart performance==
On the week ending 12 March 2011, "Nobody's Perfect" debuted at number eighty-one on the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref name="chartstats">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/Nobody%27s%20Perfect|title=The Official Charts Company - Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> The following week, the song fell to number ninety-seven before rising back up the chart to number thirty-two the next week.<ref name="chartstats"/> "Nobody's Perfect" has peaked at number nine,<ref name="chartstats"/> making it Jessie J's third top-ten single in the United Kingdom following "Do It Like a Dude" and "Price Tag". In Australia, the song debuted at number twenty-four on 16 May 2011.<ref name="sc_Australia_Jessie J"/> It has since peaked at number nine and has been certified 2× Platinum by the [[Australian Recording Industry Association]] (ARIA), for shipments of 140,000 units.<ref name="sc_Australia_Jessie J"/><ref name="aria">{{cite web |title=Top 50 Singles Chart |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054950/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref>
==Music video==
[[File:Nobody's Perfect musicvideo.jpg|thumb|250px|Jessie J sitting in a feast table referencing the [[The Hatter|Mad Hatters]]' tea party.]]
Filmed in [[technicolor]] format, the music video for "Nobody's Perfect" was shot at [[Nu Boyana Film]] studios in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]], on 24 March 2011 and was directed by Emil Nava.<ref name="billboard" /><ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Sofia Echo]]|last=Hershman|first=Gabriel|title=Singer Jessie J shoots pop video at Bulgaria's Nu Boyana studios|url=http://www.sofiaecho.com/2011/05/10/1086955_singer-jessie-j-shoots-pop-video-at-bulgarias-nu-boyana-studios|date=10 May 2011|access-date=10 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="orange">{{cite web|work=[[Orange (telecommunications)|Orange]]|publisher=Monkey Music|title=Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect|url=http://web.orange.co.uk/article/monkeymusic/jessie_j_nobody_s_perfect|date=15 April 2011|access-date=2 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420123347/http://web.orange.co.uk/article/monkeymusic/jessie_j_nobody_s_perfect|archive-date=20 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Promo News|publisher=David Knight|title=Jessie J's Nobody's Perfect by Emil Nava|url=http://www.promonews.tv/2011/04/19/jessie-js-nobodys-perfect-by-emil-nava/|date=19 April 2011|access-date=2 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426105418/http://www.promonews.tv/2011/04/19/jessie-js-nobodys-perfect-by-emil-nava/|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The music video premiered on 14 April 2011 in the United Kingdom through Jessie's [[Vevo]] channel.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[YouTube]]|publisher=[[Vevo]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSZVYZTze74|title=YouTube - Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect|access-date=17 April 2011}}</ref> The music video is inspired by [[Lewis Carroll]] classic tale ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'', Jessie J sits in a banquet table similar to the [[The Hatter|Mad Hatters]]' tea party.<ref name="orange"/><ref name="musicv">{{cite web|title=Jessie J in oily bikini for Nobody's Perfect video|url=http://www.musicrooms.net/rock-and-pop/31071-jessie-j-in-oily-bikini-for-nobody-s-perfect-video.html|date=16 April 2011|work=MusicRooms.net|publisher=Anthony Lund|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418190523/http://www.musicrooms.net/rock-and-pop/31071-jessie-j-in-oily-bikini-for-nobody-s-perfect-video.html|archive-date=18 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="metro_video">{{cite web|title=Jessie J takes a bikini-clad dip in oil for Nobody's Perfect video|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/music/860986-jessie-j-takes-a-bikini-clad-dip-in-oil-for-nobodys-perfect-video|date=15 April 2011|work=[[Metro.co.uk]]|publisher=Ann Lee|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105144803/http://metro.co.uk/2011/04/15/jessie-j-takes-a-bikini-clad-dip-in-oil-for-nobodys-perfect-video-651590/|archive-date=5 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jessie J is shown in a hall of doors that gives a resemblance to the curious hall in the first chapter of Alice in Wonderland.<ref name="orange"/><ref name="musicv"/><ref name="metro_video"/> Jessie J also rolls in [[tar]] and appears dressed as the [[Roman mythology|Roman goddess]] [[Libertas]], who is better known as the robed female figure of the [[Statue of Liberty]], what could be interpreted as [[Black-and-white dualism]].<ref name="musicv"/><ref name="metro_video"/> After completing the filming sessions, Jessie J described the video as her favorite done so far.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jessie J Releases Her Favourite Music Video, For New Single 'Nobody's Perfect'|url=http://www.taletela.com/news/6103/jessie-j-releases-her-favourite-music-video-for-new-single-nobodys-perfect|date=15 April 2011|work=Tale Tela|publisher=Christine Lee|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322114133/http://www.taletela.com/news/6103/jessie-j-releases-her-favourite-music-video-for-new-single-nobodys-perfect|archive-date=22 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Cover versions==
[[Angie Miller (American singer)|Angela Miller]] covered "Nobody's Perfect" in the Las Vegas Round of ''[[American Idol (season 12)|American Idol]]'' on 20 February 2013, subsequently qualifying for the semi-finals. Fellow contestant Melinda Ademi also performed the song for her Las Vegas round performance on 6 March 2013, though she failed to qualify for the semi-finals.
In 2017, the song was performed live by [[Teodora Sava]] when she was 15 years old, in duet with Florin Ristei (former winner of ''[[X Factor (Romania season 3)|X Factor Romania]]''), as special guests of the popular TV show ''[[Te cunosc de undeva!]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeQv80mNa6o|title=Teodora Sava and Florin Ristei - Nobody's perfect|publisher=youtube.com|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref> At 16 years old, she recorded the song in studio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teodorasava.com/track/1618517/nobody-s-perfect|title=Nobody's Perfect by Teodora Sava|publisher=teodorasava.com|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>
==Formats and track listings==
*'''Australian digital [[Extended play|EP]]'''<ref name=ausdd/>
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Album Version) – 4:19
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Alternate Version) – 4:16
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Acoustic Version) – 4:42
#"Nobody's Perfect" ([[Netsky (musician)|Netsky]] Full Vocal Remix) – 4:55
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Steve Smart Remix) – 5:54
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Video) - 4:14
*'''UK CD single'''<ref name=ukcd/> / '''digital EP'''<ref name=ukdd/>
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Alternate Version - Radio Edit) – 3:41
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Acoustic Version) – 4:42
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Netsky Full Vocal Remix) – 4:55
#"Nobody's Perfect" (Steve Smart Remix) – 5:54
==Credits and personnel==
*[[Jessie J]] – songwriter and vocals
*[[Claude Kelly]] – songwriter and producer
*Andre Brissett – producer
*Ben 'Bengineer' Chang – recording
*Jean-Marie Horvat – mixing
*Tom Coyne – mastering
Credits adapted from ''Who You Are'' album liner notes.<ref name=Album_Credits>{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Who You Are (Jessie J album)|Who You Are]] |others=[[Jessie J]] |date=2011 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Universal Republic]]}}</ref>
==Charts==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Chart (2011–2012)
! scope="col" | Peak<br/>position
|-
{{single chart|Australia|9|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Austria|33|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Flanders|49|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Wallonia Tip|11|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Czech Republic|88|year=2011|week=37}}
|-
{{single chart|Denmark|27|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Germany|40|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|songid=808824|access-date=7 February 2019}}
|-
{{single chart|Hungary|29|year=2011|week=28|access-date=12 December 2020}}
|-
{{single chart|Hungarysingle|10|year=2011|week=31|access-date=12 December 2020}}
|-
{{single chart|Ireland2|14|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|access-date=24 January 2020}}
|-
{{single chart|Italy|56|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Dutch40|34|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Dutch100|19|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|access-date=12 December 2020}}
|-
{{single chart|New Zealand|10|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|Scotland|9|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|date=20110514|access-date=12 December 2020}}
|-
{{single chart|Slovakia|78|year=2011|week=24}}
|-
{{single chart|Switzerland|71|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect}}
|-
{{single chart|UK|9|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|date=20110514}}
|-
{{single chart|Ukraineradio|61|artist=Jessie J|song=Nobody's Perfect|date=20110930-20111006|access-date=June 15, 2025}}
|}
{{col-2}}
===Year-end charts===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Year-end chart performance for "Nobody's Perfect"
! scope="col" | Chart (2011)
! scope="col" | Position
|-
! scope="row" | Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2011.htm |title=ARIA Top 100 Singles 2011 |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127175050/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2011.htm |archive-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
| 72
|-
! scope="row" | UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-singles-chart/20110109/37501/|title=End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2011|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>
| 56
|-
! scope="row" | Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ukraine/annual/2011-01-01|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|language=ru|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316095835/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ukraine/annual/2011-01-01|archive-date=16 March 2023}}</ref>
| 160
|}
{{col-end}}
==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|artist=Jessie J|title=Nobody's Perfect|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|relyear=2011|certyear=2012|access-date=6 October 2021}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|type=single|artist=Jessie J|title=Nobody's Perfect|award=Platinum|relyear=2011|certyear=2024|access-date=26 June 2024}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Jessie J|title=Nobody's Perfect|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2011|relmonth=5|certyear=2011|source=archive|accessdate=6 October 2021}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|artist=Jessie J|title=Nobody's Perfect|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2011|certyear=2011|source=archive|id=8841-2370-1|accessdate=6 October 2021}}
{{Certification Table Bottom | streaming=true}}
==Release history==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Region
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Format
! scope="col"| Label
|-
! scope="row" | United Kingdom
| 20 April 2011
| [[BBC Radio 1|Mainstream radio]] airplay<ref name="BBC Radio 1 April 20">{{cite web |work=[[BBC Radio]] |publisher=[[WebCitation]] |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/playlist/ |title=BBC - Radio 1 - Playlist |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=5 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423004214/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/playlist/ |archive-date=23 April 2011 }}</ref>
| Lava Records, [[Island Records]]
|-
! scope="row" | Australia<ref name=ausdd>{{cite web|title=Nobody's Perfect - EP by Jessie J - Download Nobody's Perfect - EP on iTunes|date=January 2011|url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/nobodys-perfect-ep/1445851615|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|access-date=20 June 2011}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | 27 May 2011
| rowspan="2" | [[Music download|Digital download]]
| Lava Records, [[Universal Republic]]
|-
! scope="row" | United Kingdom<ref name=ukdd>{{cite web|title=Nobody's Perfect by Jessie J - Download Nobody's Perfect on iTunes|date=January 2011|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/nobodys-perfect/438772950|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|access-date=20 June 2011}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | Lava Records, Island Records
|-
! scope="row" | United Kingdom<ref name=ukcd>{{cite web|title=Jessie J: Nobodys Perfect (2011): CDS: hmv.com|url=http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;-1;-1;-1;-1&sku=92591|publisher=[[HMV]]|access-date=20 June 2011}}</ref>
| 30 May 2011
| [[CD single]]
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{YouTube|id=aSZVYZTze74|title=Official music video of "Nobody's Perfect"}}
{{Jessie J songs}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2011 singles]]
[[Category:2011 songs]]
[[Category:2010s ballads]]
[[Category:Jessie J songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Claude Kelly]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jessie J]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
| 1,295,744,806
|
[{"title": "from the album Who You Are", "data": {"Released": "27 May 2011", "Studio": "Santisound (Los Angeles, CA)", "Genre": "R&B", "Length": "4:19 \u00b7 4:16 (alternate version) \u00b7 3:41 (radio edit)", "Label": "Lava Island", "Songwriter(s)": "Jessica Cornish", "Producer(s)": "Andre Brissett Claude Kelly"}}, {"title": "Jessie J singles chronology", "data": {"\"Price Tag\" \u00b7 (2011)": "\"Nobody's Perfect\" \u00b7 (2011) \u00b7 \"Who's Laughing Now\" \u00b7 (2011)"}}, {"title": "Music video", "data": {"Music video": "\"Nobody's Perfect\" on YouTube"}}, {"title": "Jessie J", "data": {"Studio albums": "Who You Are Alive Sweet Talker R.O.S.E. This Christmas Day", "Singles": "\" Do It like a Dude \" \" Price Tag \" \" Nobody's Perfect \" \" Who's Laughing Now \" \" Domino \" \" Who You Are \" \" Laserlight \" \" Wild \" \" It's My Party \" \" Thunder \" \" Bang Bang \" \" Burnin' Up \" \" Masterpiece \" \" Flashlight \" Man with the Bag \" Real Deal \" \" Think About That \" \" Weaponry \" \" No Secrets \"", "Featured singles": "\" Up \" \" Remember Me \" \" Calling All Hearts \"", "Other songs": "\" Casualty of Love \" \" Mamma Knows Best \" \" Repeat \" \" My Shadow \" \" Silver Lining (Crazy 'Bout You) \" \" Sexy Lady \"", "Concert tours": "Heartbeat Tour Alive Tour", "See also": "Ice Age: Collision Course"}}]
| false
|
# Seljuk (warlord)
Seljuk (died c. 1007 or 1009), variously romanized, was an Oghuz Turk warlord. He was the eponymous founder of the Seljuk dynasty and the namesake of Selçuk, the modern town near the ruins of ancient Ephesus in Turkey.
## Name
The warlord's personal name is Selçuk (/sɛl.tʃʰuk/) in modern Turkish, a name sometimes anglicized to Selcuk. His name varies in different sources and languages. The form سلجك (Selcuk or Selcük, /seldʒuk/ or /seldʒyk/) appears in Mahmud al-Kashgari's 1072–1074 Karakhanid Turkish Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk and in the anonymous 13th–15th-century Old Anatolian Turkish Book of Dede Korkut. His name is spelled in Arabic and Persian sources as سلجوك, سلجك, سلچوق, سلجوق, and سلجق. Romanizations include Seljuk (/sɛl.dʒək/ or /dʒuk/), Seljuq, Selcük, Seldjuk, Seldjuq, and Saljūq. His name is sometimes given the title bey, also variously romanized.
There are different theories about the etymology of Seljuk:
- selçük, meaning "small flood"
- salçuk, meaning "little raft"
- salçığ, meaning "disputant"
According to Caferoğlu, the name was derived from the root sil- in Old Uyghur, meaning "clean". Although, the root of sil- was transformed as i > e, and that the name was created by adding the diminutive of -çük. The meaning of the word could be interpreted as "pure", "clean", "honest" and "a man of his word". It is argued that it was a unisex name, given both to boys as well as girls in the past and that some of these traits were sought in women, thus it would make more sense to name girls after some of these qualities.
According to Hungarian Turkologist László Rásonyi, his name should be read as Selcik. Josef Markwart proposed that the name should be read as Salçuk. Peter Benjamin Golden suggested the vocalization Salçuq ~ Saljuq, based on the Islamic and Syriac transcriptions sljwq and saw a connection with root sal- "to move (something), to put into motion with some implication of violent motion", an etymology consistent with contemporary Turkic anthroponymy.
## Life
### Origin
Seljuk was the son of Tuqaq or Tuqaq Beg (دوقاق دمور یالیق Dûqâq Demur Yalığ), known as Temür Yalığ (meaning "iron bow") because of his skills in his works. In Oghuz culture, arrow and bow are considered as a sign of sovereignty and considering Duqaq's nickname, he wasn't an ordinary soldier, but a sü-başı (commander-in-chief). According to various sources, Duqaq was a powerful statesman and possessed great power and influence in the Oghuz Yabgu State and died around 924.
### Immigration to Jand
Seljuk had great power and influence among the people of his tribe who lived within the territory of the Oghuz Yabgu State. The relationship between Seljuk and Oghuz Yabgu was overshadowed by an incident that is not well known because of lack of reliable sources. Nonetheless, Seljuk left the Oghuz Yabgu State and immigrated with his tribe, to the town of Jand, located on the left bank of the Syr Darya. It is rumored that there were 100 horseman, 1,500 camels and 50,000 sheep with Seljuk Beg during this migration. If each horseman equates to a family, the Seljuks who migrated to Jand were likely a small nomadic community of about 500 people.
Jand was an important border town in the steppes during the X to XIII centuries. This town, inhabited by both nomadic and sedentary people, served as gateway to the steppes. Jand was a relatively popular destination for Muslims and religious propagandists from Transoxiana as well as merchants from various places. There, Seljuk and his Oghuz tribe accepted Islam. This event took place after Seljuk had migrated to Jand in 985-986, and before Seljuk left for Transoxiana to help the Samanians in 992.
After accepting Islam, Seljuk expelled the officials sent by the Oghuz Yabgu to Jand to collect the annual tax, saying "Muslims will not pay tribute to the unbelievers", and set up a war against the non-Muslim Turks. This may well be proved by Al-Bayhaqi who calls Seljuk Beg as al-Malik al-Ghâzî Seljuk (meaning "ruler and religious fighter Seljuk").
The most important event that took place during this period was the death of Seljuk's elder son Mikâ'îl, who was the father of Tughrul Beg and Chaghri Beg, founders of the Great Seljuk Empire. After this incident, the wife of Mikâ'îl (Tughril and Chaghri's mother) married Yusuf, the other son of Seljuk. According to the old Turkic traditions (the reason for such a tradition was that someone could use a widowed noblewoman to gain strength among the tribe/country), while two of his sons, Tughrul and Chaghri, were raised by their grandfather Seljuk Beg.
### Relations with Samanids
Seljuk, who gained power with his war activities in Jand and its vicinity, gradually became involved in politics in Transoxiana. After the Kara-khanid ruler Hasan b. Sulayman Bughra Khan captured the Samanid city of Bukhara, the Samanids asked Seljuk for aid against Bughra Khan. Upon this, Seljuk sent his eldest son Arslân (Isrâ'il) to Transoxiana.
Since Seljuk was getting old in this period, the administration was now actually in the hands of Arslân. In the meantime, the Samanid state, which thoroughly lost its power, was subjected to frequent renewed attacks by the Kara-khanids, which gave Arslan the opportunity to prove his military prowess. In a period when the Samanid state was shaken by the internal turmoil caused by Fâ'ik, Abû 'Alî Simcûr, and Bek-tüzün, and the Kara-khanids who entered Transoxiana and seized Bukhara for the second time (999), the Seljuks under Arslân provided military assistance to Abû İbrâhîm İsma'îl al-Muntasir (1000–1005), the last member of the Samani dynasty (1003). Although al-Muntasir gained some success against the Kara-khanid army under the command of Ilig Khan Nasr with the support he received from the Seljuks, he couldn't prevent the collapse of the Samanid state. Arslân himself was taken prisoner in 1025 by Mahmud the Ghaznavid. After this incident, all of Transoxiana came under the Kara-khanid rule and the Seljuks had to submit to the Kara-khanids.
### Relationship with Khazars
It is speculated that according to some sources, Seljuk began his career as an officer in the Khazar army. These sources provide information about the ancestors of the Seljuks, records that Duqaq is connected to Khazar Melik. The fact that these records, which appear ambiguous in Melik-nâme, was repeated by Ibn Hassûl who wrote his work during the time of Tughrul Beg, does not leave any doubt about the Seljuk's relationship with the Khazars. Due to a lack of resources, it is not possible to reveal the nature of this relationship nor to fully define its framework, yet it is difficult to say whether this relationship was done via Oghuz Yabgu state or independent. However, if political contact has been established between the ancestors of the Seljuks and the Khazars, the most appropriate date for this must be the middle of the second quarter of the X. century, when the Khazar Khaganate needed military help. As a result, it is possible that Duqaq had political and military relations with the Khazars during their collapse either directly or through the Oghuz Yabgu State, and that these memories could only be spoken verbally in the family reflect only the vague records of the Seljuk histories written about one hundred and fifty years later.
### Founding of the Seljuk dynasty
Under Mikâîl's sons Tughrul and Chaghri, the Seljuks migrated into Khurasan. Ghaznavid attempts to stop Seljuks raiding the local Muslim populace led to the Battle of Dandanaqan on 23 May 1040. Victorious Seljuks became masters of Khurasan, expanding their power into Transoxiana and across Iran. By 1055, Tuğrul had expanded his control all the way to Baghdad, setting himself up as the champion of the Abbasid caliph, who honored him with the title sultan. Earlier rulers may have used this title but the Seljuks seem to have been the first to inscribe it on their coins.
### Death
Seljuk Beg died in Jand at the age of about a hundred towards the year 1009. After his death, Arslân, one of his three surviving sons, took over the administration under the old Oghuz traditions. His son Arslân, who had the title of yabgu, was assisted by Yusuf, who had the title of inal and Mûsâ, who had the title of inanç from his brothers. Meanwhile, Mikâ'îl's sons Tughrul and Chaghri took their place in the administration as "beg" at the age of 14-15. Although Arslan Yabgu was the head of the family, the sons and grandchildren of Seljuk ruled the Turkoman Begs and other forces affiliated to them in a semi-connected manner in the line with the old Oghuz traditions.
## Family
According to various sources, Seljuk had four or five sons: Isrâ'îl (Israel, Arslân), Mikâ'îl (Michael), Mûsâ (Moses), Yusuf (Joseph) and/or Yûnus (Jonah). All five names mentioned are related to Judaism. Some researchers who pointed out the religious status of the names have concluded that the Seljuk family was either Khazar Judaic or Nestorian Christian before accepting Islam. However, given that the names of these individuals are widely used in the Islamic world, Turkish historians state that such an interpretation cannot be solely based on names.
### Citations
1. 1 2 3 ÖZAYDIN, ABDÜLKERİM (2009). "SELÇUK BEY". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. ISBN 978-975-389-566-8.
2. ↑ Sevim, Ali; Merçil, Erdoğan (1995). Selçuklu devletleri tarihi: siyaset, teşkilât ve kültür. Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. pp. 2 & 16. ISBN 978-975-16-0690-7.
3. ↑ Turan, Osman (1969). Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-Islâm Medeniyeti (in Turkish) (2 ed.). İstanbul, Turkey: Ötüken Neşriyat. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-975-437-470-4.
4. ↑ Prof. Dr. İbrahim Kafesoğlu. Selçuklu Tarihi. pp. 6–7.
5. 1 2 3 Gedikli Yusuf (2015). ""Selçuk" kişi adının köken ve anlamı (etimolojisi)". Dil Bilimi, Dil Bilgisi ve Dil Eğitimi / Linguıstics Grammar And Language Teaching / Языкознание Грамматика И Обучение Языку. Vol. 2. p. 650.
6. ↑ Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1993), Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (in Turkish) (3rd ed.), Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, pp. 133 ff.
7. ↑ Bahaeddin Ögel (1971). Türk Mitolojisi (Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları ile Destanlar) (in Turkish). p. 589.
8. ↑ Ibrahim Kafesoglu (1988). A History of the Seljuks: İbrahim Kafesoğlu's Interpretation and the Resulting Controversy. p. 21.
9. ↑ Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 217
10. ↑ Golden 2007, p. 159.
11. ↑ Özgüdenli 2018, p. 27.
12. ↑ Özgüdenli 2018, p. 29.
13. 1 2 3 Özgüdenli 2018, p. 31.
14. 1 2 3 Özgüdenli 2018, p. 32.
15. 1 2 Grousset 1970, pp. 149–150
16. ↑ Rice 1961, p. 18-19.
17. ↑ Özgüdenli 2018, p. 26.
18. ↑ Findley 2005, p. 68.
19. ↑ Özgüdenli 2018, p. 33.
20. ↑ Dietrich, Richard (May 2018). "The Names of Seljuk's Sons as Evidence for the Pre-Islamic Religion of the Seljuks". Turkish Historical Review. 9 (1): 54–70. doi:10.1163/18775462-00901002. hdl:11511/41747.
21. ↑ Dunlop, Douglas M. (1954). The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press. pp. 260–261.
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Seljuk (warlord)
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{{Short description|Eponymous founder of the Seljuk dynasty}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Seljuk
| title = [[Bey]]
| image =
| royal house = [[Seljuk dynasty]]
| father = [[Tuqaq]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 1007<ref name=Selçuk /> or 1009 (age 100/107)
| death_place = [[Jand (Transoxania)|Jand]]
| burial_place = Unknown, possibly near [[Jand (Transoxania)|Jand]], [[Kazakhstan]]<ref name=Selçuk>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/selcuk-bey|title=SELÇUK BEY|first=ABDÜLKERİM | last= ÖZAYDIN|volume=36}}</ref>
| issue = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mikail of Kınık tribe|Mikail]]|[[Arslan Yabgu|Arslan]]|Musa|Yunus|Yusuf}}
| religion = {{Unbulleted list|Previously: [[Tengrism]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sevim |first=Ali |title=Selçuklu devletleri tarihi: siyaset, teşkilât ve kültür |last2=Merçil |first2=Erdoğan |date=1995 |publisher=Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi |isbn=978-975-16-0690-7 |series=Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları |location=Ankara |pages=2 & 16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Turan |first=Osman |url= |title=Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-Islâm Medeniyeti |date= |publisher=Ötüken Neşriyat |year=1969 |isbn=978-975-437-470-4 |edition=2 |location=[[İstanbul]], [[Turkey]] |pages=39-40 |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prof. Dr. İbrahim Kafesoğlu |url=http://archive.org/details/prof-dr-ibrahim-kafesoglu-selcuklu-tarih |title=Selçuklu Tarihi |pages=6-7}}</ref>|Later: Sunni Islam}}
}}
'''Seljuk''' (died {{c.|1007}} or 1009), [[#Name|variously romanized]], was an [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz Turk]] warlord. He was the eponymous founder of the [[Seljuk dynasty]] and the namesake of [[Selçuk]], the modern town near the ruins of ancient [[Ephesus]] in [[Turkey]].
{{anchor|Etymology}}
== Name ==
The warlord's personal name is '''[[Selçuk (name)|Selçuk]]''' ({{IPAc|/sɛl.tʃʰuk/}}) in modern [[Turkish language|Turkish]], a name sometimes [[anglicization of names|anglicized]] to Selcuk. His name varies in different sources and languages. The form {{lang|ar|سلجك}} (''Selcuk'' or ''Selcük'', {{IPAc|/seldʒuk/}} or {{IPAc|/seldʒyk/}}) appears in [[Mahmud al-Kashgari]]'s 1072{{ndash}}1074 [[Karakhanid language|Karakhanid Turkish]] ''[[Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk]]'' and in the anonymous 13th{{ndash}}15th-century [[Old Anatolian Turkish]] ''[[Book of Dede Korkut]]''.<ref name=gedikli>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Dil Bilimi, Dil Bilgisi ve Dil Eğitimi / Linguıstics Grammar And Language Teaching / Языкознание Грамматика И Обучение Языку|section="Selçuk" kişi adının köken ve anlamı (etimolojisi)|author=Gedikli Yusuf|page=650|year=2015|volume=2}}</ref> His name is spelled in Arabic and Persian sources as {{lang|ar|سلجوك}}, {{lang|ar|سلجك}}, {{lang|ar|سلچوق}}, {{lang|ar|سلجوق}}, and {{lang|ar|سلجق}}.<ref name=Selçuk /> Romanizations include Seljuk ({{IPAc-en|s|ɛ|l|.|dʒ|ə|k}} or {{IPAc-en|dʒ|u|k}}), '''Seljuq''', '''Selcük''', '''Seldjuk''',{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} '''Seldjuq''',{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} and '''Saljūq'''.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} His name is sometimes given the title [[bey (title)|bey]], also variously romanized.
There are different theories about the etymology of Seljuk:<ref name=gedikli />
* ''selçük'', meaning "small flood"
* ''salçuk'', meaning "little raft"
* ''salçığ'', meaning "disputant"
According to Caferoğlu, the name was derived from the [[Root (linguistics)|root]] ''sil-'' in [[Old Uyghur]], meaning "clean". Although, the root of ''sil-'' was transformed as i > e, and that the name was created by adding the diminutive of ''-çük''.<ref>{{citation |last=Caferoğlu |first=Ahmet |date=1993 |title=Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü |location=Istanbul |publisher=Enderun Kitabevi |edition=3rd |language=tr |pages=133 ff }}.</ref> The meaning of the word could be interpreted as "pure", "clean", "honest" and "a man of his word". It is argued that it was a unisex name, given both to boys as well as girls in the past and that some of these traits were sought in women, thus it would make more sense to name girls after some of these qualities.<ref name=gedikli />
According to Hungarian Turkologist [[László Rásonyi]], his name should be read as '''Selcik'''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bahaeddin Ögel|title=Türk Mitolojisi (Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları ile Destanlar)|year=1971|page=589|language=tr}}</ref> [[Josef Markwart]] proposed that the name should be read as '''Salçuk'''.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the Seljuks: İbrahim Kafesoğlu's Interpretation and the Resulting Controversy|year=1988|page=21|author=Ibrahim Kafesoglu}}</ref> [[Peter Benjamin Golden]] suggested the vocalization '''Salçuq''' ~ '''Saljuq''', based on the Islamic and Syriac transcriptions {{smallcaps|{{Transliteration|syc|sljwq}}}} and saw a connection with root ''sal-'' "to move (something), to put into motion with some implication of violent motion", an etymology consistent with contemporary Turkic anthroponymy.<ref>Golden, Peter B. (1992). ''An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People''. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 217</ref>
==Life==
===Origin===
Seljuk was the son of Tuqaq{{sfn|Golden|2007|p=159}} or Tuqaq Beg (دوقاق دمور یالیق ''Dûqâq Demur Yalığ'')'','' known as ''Temür Yalığ'' (meaning "iron [[Bow and arrow|bow]]") because of his skills in his works. In Oghuz culture, arrow and bow are considered as a sign of sovereignty and considering Duqaq's nickname, he wasn't an ordinary soldier, but a ''sü-başı'' (commander-in-chief). According to various sources, Duqaq was a powerful statesman and possessed great power and influence in the [[Oghuz Yabgu State]] and died around 924.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=27}}
===Immigration to Jand===
[[File:AD 750OguzYabgu.png|thumb|275px|Oghuz Yabgu (750-1055 AD)]]
Seljuk had great power and influence among the people of his tribe who lived within the territory of the Oghuz Yabgu State. The relationship between Seljuk and Oghuz Yabgu was overshadowed by an incident that is not well known because of lack of reliable sources. Nonetheless, Seljuk left the Oghuz Yabgu State and immigrated with his tribe, to the town of [[Jand (Transoxania)|Jand]],{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=29}} located on the left bank of the [[Syr Darya]]. It is rumored{{by whom|date=April 2020}} that there were 100 horseman, 1,500 camels and 50,000 sheep with Seljuk Beg during this migration. If each horseman equates to a family, the Seljuks who migrated to Jand were likely a small nomadic community of about 500 people.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=31}}
Jand was an important border town in the [[Great steppe|steppes]] during the X to XIII centuries. This town, inhabited by both nomadic and sedentary people, served as gateway to the steppes. Jand was a relatively popular destination for Muslims and religious propagandists from Transoxiana as well as merchants from various places. There, Seljuk and his Oghuz tribe accepted Islam. This event took place after Seljuk had migrated to Jand in 985-986, and before Seljuk left for Transoxiana to help the Samanians in 992.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=31}}
After accepting Islam, Seljuk expelled the officials sent by the Oghuz Yabgu to Jand to collect the annual tax, saying "Muslims will not pay tribute to the unbelievers", and set up a war against the non-Muslim Turks. This may well be proved by [[Al-Bayhaqi]] who calls Seljuk Beg as ''al-Malik al-Ghâzî Seljuk'' (meaning "ruler and religious fighter Seljuk").{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=32}}
The most important event that took place during this period was the death of Seljuk's elder son [[Mikail ibn Seljuk|Mikâ'îl]], who was the father of [[Tughril|Tughrul]] Beg and [[Chaghri Beg]], founders of the Great Seljuk Empire. After this incident, the wife of Mikâ'îl (Tughril and Chaghri's mother) married Yusuf, the other son of Seljuk. According to the old Turkic traditions (the reason for such a tradition was that someone could use a widowed noblewoman to gain strength among the tribe/country), while two of his sons, Tughrul and Chaghri, were raised by their grandfather Seljuk Beg.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=32}}
===Relations with Samanids===
[[File:Transoxiana 8th century.svg|thumb|right|300px|Map of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and [[Transoxiana]].]]
Seljuk, who gained power with his war activities in Jand and its vicinity, gradually became involved in politics in [[Transoxiana]]. After the Kara-khanid ruler [[Hasan b. Sulayman|Hasan b. Sulayman Bughra Khan]] captured the [[Samanid Empire|Samanid]] city of [[Bukhara]], the Samanids asked Seljuk for aid against Bughra Khan. Upon this, Seljuk sent his eldest son Arslân (''Isrâ'il'') to Transoxiana.<ref name=":0">{{harvnb|Grousset|1970|pp=149–150}}</ref>
Since Seljuk was getting old in this period, the administration was now actually in the hands of Arslân. In the meantime, the Samanid state, which thoroughly lost its power, was subjected to frequent renewed attacks by the Kara-khanids, which gave Arslan the opportunity to prove his military prowess. In a period when the Samanid state was shaken by the internal turmoil caused by Fâ'ik, [[Abû 'Alî Simcûr]], and [[Bek-tüzün]], and the Kara-khanids who entered Transoxiana and seized Bukhara for the second time (999), the Seljuks under Arslân provided military assistance to [[Abû İbrâhîm İsma'îl al-Muntasir]] (1000–1005), the last member of the Samani dynasty (1003). Although al-Muntasir gained some success against the Kara-khanid army under the command of [[Ilig Khan Nasr]] with the support he received from the Seljuks, he couldn't prevent the collapse of the Samanid state.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=32}} Arslân himself was taken prisoner in 1025 by [[Masʽud I of Ghazni|Mahmud the Ghaznavid]]. After this incident, all of Transoxiana came under the Kara-khanid rule and the Seljuks had to submit to the Kara-khanids.<ref name=":0" />
===Relationship with Khazars===
It is speculated that according to some sources, Seljuk began his career as an officer in the [[Khazars|Khazar]] army.{{sfn|Rice|1961|p=18-19}} These sources provide information about the ancestors of the Seljuks, records that Duqaq is connected to Khazar Melik. The fact that these records, which appear ambiguous in ''[[Melik-nâme]]'', was repeated by [[Ibn Hassûl]] who wrote his work during the time of Tughrul Beg, does not leave any doubt about the Seljuk's relationship with the Khazars. Due to a lack of resources, it is not possible to reveal the nature of this relationship nor to fully define its framework, yet it is difficult to say whether this relationship was done via Oghuz Yabgu state or independent. However, if political contact has been established between the ancestors of the Seljuks and the Khazars, the most appropriate date for this must be the middle of the second quarter of the X. century, when the Khazar Khaganate needed military help. As a result, it is possible that Duqaq had political and military relations with the Khazars during their collapse either directly or through the Oghuz Yabgu State, and that these memories could only be spoken verbally in the family reflect only the vague records of the Seljuk histories written about one hundred and fifty years later.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=26}}
===Founding of the Seljuk dynasty===
Under Mikâîl's sons [[Tughril|Tughrul]] and [[Çağrı Bey|Chaghri]], the [[Seljuks]] migrated into [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]]. [[Ghaznavid]] attempts to stop Seljuks raiding the local [[Muslim]] populace led to the [[Battle of Dandanaqan]] on 23 May 1040. Victorious Seljuks became masters of Khurasan, expanding their power into [[Transoxiana]] and across [[Iran]]. By 1055, Tuğrul had expanded his control all the way to [[Baghdad]], setting himself up as the champion of the [[Abbasid caliph]], who honored him with the title ''[[sultan]]''. Earlier rulers may have used this title but the Seljuks seem to have been the first to inscribe it on their coins.{{sfn|Findley|2005|p=68}}
===Death===
Seljuk Beg died in Jand at the age of about a hundred towards the year 1009. After his death, Arslân, one of his three surviving sons, took over the administration under the old Oghuz traditions. His son Arslân, who had the title of yabgu, was assisted by Yusuf, who had the title of inal and Mûsâ, who had the title of inanç from his brothers. Meanwhile, Mikâ'îl's sons Tughrul and Chaghri took their place in the administration as "beg" at the age of 14-15. Although Arslan Yabgu was the head of the family, the sons and grandchildren of Seljuk ruled the Turkoman Begs and other forces affiliated to them in a semi-connected manner in the line with the old Oghuz traditions.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=33}}
==Family==
According to various sources, Seljuk had four or five sons: [[Arslan Yabgu|Isrâ'îl]] (''Israel, Arslân)'', [[Mikail (son of Seljuk)|Mikâ'îl]] (''Michael''), Mûsâ (''Moses''), Yusuf (''Joseph'') and/or Yûnus (''Jonah''). All five names mentioned are related to Judaism. Some researchers who pointed out the religious status of the names have concluded that the Seljuk family was either [[Khazars|Khazar]] [[Judaism|Judaic]] or [[Nestorian Christianity|Nestorian Christian]] before accepting Islam.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich|first1=Richard|date=May 2018|title=The Names of Seljuk's Sons as Evidence for the Pre-Islamic Religion of the Seljuks|journal=Turkish Historical Review|volume=9|issue=1|pages=54–70|doi=10.1163/18775462-00901002|hdl=11511/41747|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunlop |first1=Douglas M. |title=The History of the Jewish Khazars |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1954 |pages=260–261}}</ref> However, given that the names of these individuals are widely used in the Islamic world, Turkish historians state that such an interpretation cannot be solely based on names.{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2018|p=31}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===References===
*{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Adas |title=Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2001 }}
*{{cite book |chapter=The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |title=The Cambridge History of Iran:The Saljuq and Mongol Periods |volume=5 |editor-first=J. A. |editor-last=Boyle |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1968 }}
*{{cite book |last=Brook |first=Kevin Alan |title=The Jews of Khazaria |edition=2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc |year=2006 }}
*{{cite book |chapter=The Turkish Invasion: The Selchukids |first=Claude |last=Cahen |title=A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years |editor-first=Kenneth Meyer |editor-last=Setton |publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press |year=1969 }}
*{{cite book |last=Dunlop |first=D.M |title=The Khazars, The Dark Ages: Jews in Christian Europe, 711-1096 |year=1966 }}
*{{cite book |last=Findley |first=Carter Vaughn |title=The Turks in World History |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}
*{{cite book |chapter=The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism |first=Peter |last=Golden |title=The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. |editor-first1=Peter |editor-last1=Golden |editor-first2=Haggai |editor-last2=Ben-Shammai |editor-first3=András |editor-last3=Roná-Tas |publisher=Brill |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou |url-access=registration |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1970 |isbn=9780813506272 |oclc=90972}}
*{{cite book |last=Özgüdenli |first=Osman Gazi |chapter=Selçukluların Kökeni |trans-chapter=Origin of the Seljuks |pages=19–37 |editor-last=Turan |editor-first=Refik |language=tr |title=Selçuklu Tarihi El Kitabı |trans-title=Seljuk History Handbook |publisher=Grafiker Yayınları |year=2018}}
*{{cite book |last=Rice |first=Tamara Talbot |title=The Seljuks in Asia Minor |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.38227 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |year=1961 }}
{{Seljuk dynasty}}
[[Category:Seljuk rulers]]
[[Category:Military history of the Khazars]]
[[Category:1000s deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Eponyms]]
[[Category:Warlords]]
| 1,300,277,343
|
[{"title": "Seljuk", "data": {"Died": "c. 1007 or 1009 (age 100/107) \u00b7 Jand", "Burial": "Unknown, possibly near Jand, Kazakhstan", "Issue": "- Mikail - Arslan - Musa - Yunus - Yusuf", "House": "Seljuk dynasty", "Father": "Tuqaq", "Religion": "- Previously: Tengrism - Later: Sunni Islam"}}]
| false
|
# Société de transport de l'Outaouais
Société de transport de l'Outaouais ([sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də lutawɛ], STO) is the transit service of the Outaouais region of Quebec. It operates conventional services and the Rapibus, a bus rapid transit service, in Gatineau, Quebec, including the districts of Hull, Aylmer, Gatineau, Buckingham and Masson-Angers. STO provided limited service to Chelsea and Cantley until June 2015 when Transcollines began operations in the Collines de l'Outaouais MRC. STO is located on the Quebec-side of Canada's National Capital Region, and operates several bus routes through Downtown Ottawa, Ontario.
## History
Prior to 1971, public transportation in Gatineau was operated by private sector companies, including Hull Electric Company and later Compagnie Transport urbain de Hull. In 1971, these companies had a total of 42 buses and 2.5 million clients. This same year, the Commission de transport de la communauté régionale de l'Outaouais (CTCRO) was created to improve regional transportation services that would otherwise exceed the means of the constituent cities.
In 1972, for $6.25 million, CTCRO purchased 8 private transit companies in the region: Transport urbain de Hull, Transport Hull métropolitain, Transport d'écoliers du nord de l'Outaouais. A year later, the CTCRO created an agreement with OC Transpo to make transfers between the two services easier.
It purchased only air-conditioned buses from its first one, 1990. In 1991, it changed its name to Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO)
In 1998, the STO was named the "Canadian public transit operator of the year" by the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA). From 1999 to 2001, to satisfy growing demand, the STO purchased additional second-hand buses from the Société de transport de Montréal, Société de transport de Laval, Société de transport de Sherbrooke and OC Transpo. They all have since been retired.
The STO introduced its first fleet of low-floor buses from NovaBus in 2002, and it has only such buses since then. The following year, the STO announced plans to build a bus-only roadway called the Rapibus. The project was initially expected to be completed by 2009, but it was finally opened in 2013.
In 2005, the STO announced a strategic plan for 2002–2015 in which it projected a ridership of 96 million by 2019 up from 2.4 million in 1992. Ridership from 1995 to 2006 had grown about 50%. In addition to the Rapibus, the STO planned to increase the number of park and ride facilities across the city as well as introduce bike racks, expand or add garages, and expand the fleet.
In 2012, it introduced its fleet of Novabus LFS articulated buses and the following year, it unveiled their new visual identity – L'avenir en commun (in English: the future together) as well as a new logo.
In 2013, STO launched a new bus rapid transit (BRT) system called Rapibus, which includes a dedicated 12-kilometre corridor that runs from Labrosse Boulevard to Alexandre-Taché Boulevard.
In 2015, the STO bought 10 Classics from Calgary Transit, the last buses to be purchased second-hand from another company.
In February 2020, the last Classic bus (#9225 an ex-Calgary Transit unit) retired, marking an end to the iconic bus model of the STO which span for more than four decades.
In June 2021, STO buses in downtown Ottawa were re-routed from Wellington Street and Rideau Street to Albert Street and Slater Street, using the bus lanes that had previously formed the downtown section of the Transitway until they were made obsolete by the opening of the Confederation Line.
## Operations
According to its 2014 annual report, STO employed a total of 780 employees, of which 479 were drivers. It also has a total of 345 buses, 70 routes and 284 shelters. Its ridership in 2014 was approx. 19.8 million, a slight decrease from previous years. Similarly to other cities, it also has paratransit service (about 60 vehicles of various sizes) and park and ride service (23 locations as of 2014).
Fares are paid with the Multi Card (French: Carte Multi, stylised as MULTI). Multi is the city's second fare card; the first was originally introduced in 1998, and was replaced by Multi in 2012.
## Fleet
Since 2002, Novabus LFS's have been purchased annually to replace older vehicles and to expand the fleet over time. All generations have been purchased except the first generation as OC Transpo (its sister company) have found its first generation Novabus LFS's to be unreliable.
| Model | Years | Fleet # | Length | Fuel Type |
| ------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LFS 2nd generation | 2003-2009 | 0314-0328 0401-0417 0501-0517 0601-0617 0701-0716 0801-0819 0901-0910 | 40 ft Standard | Diesel |
| LFS 3rd generation | 2009-2013 | 0911-0925 1001-1027 1101-1107 1201-1233 1301-1321 | 40 ft Standard (09XX-11XX, 1227–1233) 60 ft Articulated (1201–1226, 13XX) | Diesel |
| LFS 4th generation | 2014–present | 1401-1414 1501-1507 1601-1616 1701-1730 1801-1827 1901-1909 2001-2043 2101-2114 2201-2216 2301-2313 2401-2402 2501-2511 | 40 ft Standard (15XX, 1610–1616, 1716–1730, 18XX-22XX, 24XX-25XX) 60 ft Articulated (14XX, 1601–1609, 1701–1715, 23XX) | Diesel (2014) Electric (2024) Diesel-Electric "Hybrid" (2015-2023, 2025–present) |
| Model | Years | Fleet # | Length | Fuel Type |
| ----------------------- | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | --------- |
| GM New Look | 1972-1983 | 7206 7301-7320 7401-7425 7501-7520 7601-7610 7701-7710, 7742 & 7757 7801-7817 7901-7907 8001-8015 8101-8103 8201-8204 8301-8312 | 40 ft Standard | Diesel |
| GM/MCI/Novabus Classic | 1984-1997 | 8401-8406, 8413 8501-8509, 8536, 8539, 8545–8546 8601-8604, 8614, 8620, 8624 8785 8801-8808 8901-8915 9001-9015 9101-9138 9201-9225 9401-9426 9501-9520 9601-9603 9701-9705 | 40 ft Standard | Diesel |
| Nova RTS | 2000 | 0001-0012 | 40 ft Standard | Diesel |
| Nova LFS 2nd generation | 2002-2003 | 0201-0209 0301-0313 | 40 ft Standard | Diesel |
### Accessibility
The STO planned to convert half of its total bus fleet into low-floor, LFS model NovaBus by 2012. Unfortunately, the more recent models had a decreased seating capacity (room for 37 rather than 40). Another issue that was discovered with this model were the unreliable telescopic ramps that prevented wheelchair access to the bus. As of 1988, the fleet had wheelchair accessible buses. These were of the 1995 first-generation LFS's, which have the more reusable flick-out rooms. Aside from these plans, wheelchair users rely on the paratransit service.
### Technology
A number of significant technology improvements and studies have been made over the past few decades by the STO. In 1998, the company introduced a smart-card fare system, making it the first company not only in the Americas but the entire Western Hemisphere to have a smart-card system. Paper card bus passes were gradually phased out until its official end in 2004 when smart cards became the exclusive bus pass.
In 2006–07, fishbowl buses had their rollsigns replaced with LED signs. In 2002 and again in 2007, the STO tested new hybrid buses for feasibility. During the summer of 2008, the STO has started a test trial of a prototype New Flyer articulated bus on several of its routes. The bus has 58 seats and a total capacity of 115 passengers.
In 2014, the STO added Wi-Fi to several of its lines, including all buses and stations associated with Rapibus. In 2015, the STO announced plans to introduce a trip planning app called Plani-Bus.
## Future
The STO is studying whether Gatineau's future transit needs will best be met by mixed rapid transit (bus rapid transit and light rail) or light rail only. A terminus near Lyon station has been suggested to facilitate transportation downtown without overwhelming the busy Bayview station.
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enwiki
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Société de transport de l'Outaouais
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_l%27Outaouais
|
2025-07-12T22:17:46Z
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en
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Q3488034
| 96,891
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{{Short description|Transport agency in the Outaouais region of Quebec}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox bus company
| name = Société de transport de l'Outaouais
| logo = Logo STO 02.svg
| logo_size =
| image = STO Bus.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = A STO Novabus LFS HEV on Wellington Street in [[Ottawa]]
| company_slogan =
| parent =
| founded = 1971
| headquarters = 111, rue Jean-Proulx<br />[[Gatineau]], [[Quebec]]<br />J8Z 1T4
| locale = [[Outaouais]]
| service_area = [[Gatineau]] and [[Downtown Ottawa]]
| service_type = [[Bus service]], [[paratransit]]
| alliance =
| routes = 66
| destinations =
| stops =
| hubs =
| stations = 11
| lounge =
| fleet = 345 buses<ref>{{cite news| title=Steering glitch forces dozens of STO buses off the road| website=CBC News| date=14 March 2017 | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/sto-buses-pulled-off-road-inspections-potential-steering-problem-quebec-transit-transportation-1.5067580 | access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref>
| ridership =
| annual_ridership = 19.4 million (2010)
| fuel_type = [[Diesel engine|Diesel]], [[Hybrid vehicle|hybrid]]
| operator =
| leader_type =Chairperson
| leader = Jocelyn Blondin <ref name="MyUser_Sto.ca_June 14, 2018c">{{cite web |url=https://www.gatineau.ca/portail/default.aspx?p=la_ville/conseil_municipal/district_11|title=Myriam Nadeau |publisher=Ville de Gatineau}}</ref>
| ceo = Patrick Leclerc <ref name="dg2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.sto.ca/index.php?id=87&L=en%270x272D2D3B&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2572&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=210 |title=Nomination de madame Line Thiffeault au poste de directrice générale de la STO
|date=2013-08-29|publisher=Société de transport de l'Outaouais}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.sto.ca/index.php?id=2&L=en sto.ca]
}}
'''Société de transport de l'Outaouais''' ({{IPA|fr|sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də lutawɛ|}}, '''STO''') is the transit service of the [[Outaouais]] region of [[Quebec]]. It operates conventional services and the [[Rapibus]], a [[bus rapid transit]] service, in [[Gatineau]], Quebec, including the districts of [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], [[Aylmer, Quebec|Aylmer]], Gatineau, [[Buckingham, Quebec|Buckingham]] and [[Masson-Angers]]. STO provided limited service to [[Chelsea, Quebec|Chelsea]] and [[Cantley, Quebec|Cantley]] until June 2015 when [[Transcollines]] began operations in the [[Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality|Collines de l'Outaouais MRC]]. STO is located on the Quebec-side of Canada's [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]], and operates several bus routes through [[Downtown Ottawa]], [[Ontario]].
==History==
Prior to 1971, public transportation in Gatineau was operated by private sector companies, including Hull Electric Company and later Compagnie Transport urbain de Hull.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civilization.ca - Architecture of Old Hull - Hull Electric Company - History |url=https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/hull/rw_36_ie.html |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=Canadian Museum of History}}</ref> In 1971, these companies had a total of 42 buses and 2.5 million clients.<ref name=historique>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sto.ca/a_propos/historique_e.html|title=About the STO – Looking Back|accessdate=May 18, 2023}}</ref> This same year, the Commission de transport de la communauté régionale de l'Outaouais (CTCRO) was created to improve regional transportation services that would otherwise exceed the means of the constituent cities.
In 1972, for $6.25 million, CTCRO purchased 8 private transit companies in the region: Transport urbain de Hull, Transport Hull métropolitain, Transport d'écoliers du nord de l'Outaouais. A year later, the CTCRO created an agreement with [[OC Transpo]] to make transfers between the two services easier.
It purchased only air-conditioned buses from its first one, 1990. In 1991, it changed its name to ''Société de transport de l'Outaouais'' (STO)
In 1998, the STO was named the "Canadian public transit operator of the year" by the [[Canadian Urban Transit Association]] (CUTA). From 1999 to 2001, to satisfy growing demand, the STO purchased additional second-hand buses from the [[Société de transport de Montréal]], [[Société de transport de Laval]], [[Société de transport de Sherbrooke]] and [[OC Transpo]]. They all have since been retired.
The STO introduced its first fleet of [[low-floor bus]]es from [[NovaBus]] in 2002, and it has only such buses since then. The following year, the STO announced plans to build a bus-only roadway called the [[Rapibus]]. The project was initially expected to be completed by 2009, but it was finally opened in 2013.
In 2005, the STO announced a strategic plan for 2002–2015 in which it projected a ridership of 96 million by 2019 up from 2.4 million in 1992. Ridership from 1995 to 2006 had grown about 50%. In addition to the Rapibus, the STO planned to increase the number of [[park and ride]] facilities across the city as well as introduce bike racks, expand or add garages, and expand the fleet.<ref name=Plan2015>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sto.ca/a_propos/plan_strategique_e.html|title=About the STO – STO's 2005–2015 Strategic Plan|accessdate=May 18, 2023}}</ref>
In 2012, it introduced its fleet of Novabus LFS [[articulated buses]] and the following year, it unveiled their new visual identity – ''L'avenir en commun'' (in English: ''the future together'') as well as a new logo.
In 2013, STO launched a new [[bus rapid transit|bus rapid transit (BRT)]] system called [[Rapibus]], which includes a dedicated 12-kilometre corridor that runs from Labrosse Boulevard to Alexandre-Taché Boulevard.<ref name=CBCRapibusLaunch>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=New Rapibus system has launched in Gatineau |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/new-rapibus-system-has-launched-in-gatineau-1.2126380 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=October 19, 2013 |access-date=May 19, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=RapibusOnGatineau>{{cite web |url=https://www.gatineau.ca/portail/default.aspx?c=en-CA&p=guichet_municipal/autobus/rapibus |title=Rapibus |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Ville de Gatineau |publisher=[[Ville de Gatineau]] |access-date=May 19, 2020 }}</ref>
In 2015, the STO bought 10 Classics from [[Calgary Transit]], the last buses to be purchased second-hand from another company.
In February 2020, the last Classic bus (#9225 an ex-Calgary Transit unit) retired, marking an end to the iconic bus model of the STO which span for more than four decades.
In June 2021, STO buses in downtown Ottawa were re-routed from [[Wellington Street (Ottawa)|Wellington Street]] and [[Rideau Street]] to Albert Street and Slater Street, using the bus lanes that had previously formed the downtown section of the [[Transitway (Ottawa)|Transitway]] until they were made obsolete by the opening of the [[Line 1 (O-Train)|Confederation Line]].
==Operations==
According to its 2014 annual report, STO employed a total of 780 employees, of which 479 were drivers. It also has a total of 345 buses, 70 routes and 284 shelters. Its ridership in 2014 was approx. 19.8 million, a slight decrease from previous years. Similarly to other cities, it also has paratransit service (about 60 vehicles of various sizes) and [[park and ride]] service (23 locations as of 2014).<ref name="MyUser_Sto.ca_November_17_2016g">{{cite web |url=http://www.sto.ca/fileadmin/user_upload/communications/PDF/Rapports_annuels/Rapport_Annuel.pdf|title=Mission |newspaper=Sto.ca |access-date= November 17, 2016}}</ref>
Fares are paid with the Multi Card (French: {{Lang|fr|Carte Multi}}, stylised as MULTI). Multi is the city's second [[fare card]]; the first was originally introduced in 1998, and was replaced by Multi in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Société de transport de l’Outaouais (STO) |url=https://atuq.com/en/members/societe-de-transport-de-loutaouais-sto/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Association du transport urbain du Québec |language=en-CA}}</ref>
==Fleet==
{{more citations needed section|date=June 2022}}
Since 2002, Novabus LFS's have been purchased annually to replace older vehicles and to expand the fleet over time. All generations have been purchased except the first generation as [[OC Transpo]] (its sister company) have found its first generation Novabus LFS's to be unreliable.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
STO current fleet
!Model
!Years
!Fleet #
!Length
!Fuel Type
|-
|LFS 2nd generation
|2003-2009
|0314-0328<br />0401-0417<br />0501-0517<br />0601-0617<br />0701-0716<br />0801-0819<br />0901-0910
|40 ft Standard
|Diesel
|-
|LFS 3rd generation
|2009-2013
|0911-0925<br />1001-1027<br />1101-1107<br />1201-1233<br />1301-1321
|40 ft Standard (09XX-11XX, 1227–1233)<br />60 ft Articulated (1201–1226, 13XX)
|Diesel
|-
|LFS 4th generation
|2014–present
|1401-1414<br />1501-1507<br />1601-1616<br />1701-1730<br />1801-1827<br />1901-1909<br />2001-2043<br />2101-2114<br />2201-2216<br />2301-2313<br />2401-2402<br />2501-2511
|40 ft Standard (15XX, 1610–1616, 1716–1730, 18XX-22XX, 24XX-25XX)<br />60 ft Articulated (14XX, 1601–1609, 1701–1715, 23XX)
|Diesel (2014)<br />Electric (2024)<br />Diesel-Electric "Hybrid" (2015-2023, 2025–present)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
STO retired fleet
!Model
!Years
!Fleet #
!Length
!Fuel Type
|-
|GM New Look
|1972-1983
|7206<br />7301-7320<br />7401-7425<br />7501-7520<br />7601-7610<br />7701-7710, 7742 & 7757<br />7801-7817<br />7901-7907<br />8001-8015<br />8101-8103<br />8201-8204<br />8301-8312
|40 ft Standard
|Diesel
|-
|GM/MCI/Novabus Classic
|1984-1997
|8401-8406, 8413<br />8501-8509, 8536, 8539, 8545–8546<br />8601-8604, 8614, 8620, 8624<br />8785<br />8801-8808<br />8901-8915<br />9001-9015<br />9101-9138<br />9201-9225<br />9401-9426<br />9501-9520<br />9601-9603<br />9701-9705
|40 ft Standard
|Diesel
|-
|Nova RTS
|2000
|0001-0012
|40 ft Standard
|Diesel
|-
|Nova LFS 2nd generation
|2002-2003
|0201-0209<br />0301-0313
|40 ft Standard
|Diesel
|}
[[Image:Sto0404.jpg|thumb|A NovaBus low-floor bus]]
===Accessibility===
The STO planned to convert half of its total bus fleet into [[low-floor]], LFS model [[NovaBus]] by 2012.<ref>2002 User's Guide</ref> Unfortunately, the more recent models had a decreased seating capacity (room for 37 rather than 40). Another issue that was discovered with this model were the unreliable telescopic ramps that prevented wheelchair access to the bus. As of 1988, the fleet had wheelchair accessible buses. These were of the 1995 first-generation LFS's, which have the more reusable flick-out rooms.<ref name="MyUser_Sto.ca_November_17_2016g"/> Aside from these plans, wheelchair users rely on the [[paratransit]] service.
===Technology===
A number of significant technology improvements and studies have been made over the past few decades by the STO. In 1998, the company introduced a [[smart-card]] fare system, making it the first company not only in the Americas but the entire [[Western Hemisphere]] to have a smart-card system.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Paper card bus passes were gradually phased out until its official end in 2004 when smart cards became the exclusive bus pass.<ref name=kudos>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sto.ca/a_propos/mentions_e.html|title=About the STO -Kudos|accessdate=May 18, 2023}}</ref>
In 2006–07, fishbowl buses had their rollsigns replaced with LED signs. In 2002 and again in 2007, the STO tested new hybrid buses for feasibility. During the summer of 2008, the STO has started a test trial of a prototype New Flyer articulated bus on several of its routes. The bus has 58 seats and a total capacity of 115 passengers.
In 2014, the STO added Wi-Fi to several of its lines, including all buses and stations associated with Rapibus.<ref name="MyUser_Sto.ca_November_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.sto.ca/fileadmin/user_upload/communications/PDF/Guide_de_l_usager/Guide_usager.pdf|title=Users guide (French only)|author=STO.ca |access-date= November 17, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, the STO announced plans to introduce a trip planning app called Plani-Bus.<ref name="MyUser_Sto.ca_November_17_2016c"/>
==Future==
{{More|Gatineau LRT}}
The STO is studying whether Gatineau's future transit needs will best be met by mixed rapid transit ([[bus rapid transit]] and [[light rail]]) or light rail only.<ref name="CBC STO confirms">{{cite news| url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/sto-tramway-lrt-gatineau-ottawa-1.5446921| title = STO confirms Gatineau will get light rail l|date= January 31, 2020|website=CBC News}}</ref> A terminus near [[Lyon station]] has been suggested to facilitate transportation downtown without overwhelming the busy [[Bayview station (Ottawa)|Bayview station]].<ref name="CBC STO confirms" />
==See also==
* [[Public transport in Canada]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://sto.ca Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO) Home Page]
* [http://www.sto.ca/fileadmin/user_upload/communications/PDF/Carte_reseau/Carte_reseau.pdf STO network map]
* [http://www.busdrawings.com/Transit/Quebec/Hull/index.htm Peter McLaughlin's STO photo page]
* [http://barp.ca/bus/quebec/sto/index.html Barp.ca's STO bus gallery]
{{Public transit systems in Canada}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Societe de transport de l'Outaouais}}
[[Category:Transit agencies in Ontario|Outaouais]]
[[Category:Transit agencies in Quebec|Outaouais]]
[[Category:Transport in Gatineau]]
[[Category:Bus transport in Ontario|Outaouais]]
[[Category:Bus transport in Quebec|Outaouais]]
[[Category:Transport in Outaouais]]
[[Category:Canadian companies established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Quebec]]
[[Category:Bus transport in Gatineau]]
| 1,300,203,107
|
[{"title": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de transport de l'Outaouais", "data": {"Founded": "1971", "Headquarters": "111, rue Jean-Proulx \u00b7 Gatineau, Quebec \u00b7 J8Z 1T4", "Locale": "Outaouais", "Service area": "Gatineau and Downtown Ottawa", "Service type": "Bus service, paratransit", "Routes": "66", "Stations": "11", "Fleet": "345 buses", "Annual ridership": "19.4 million (2010)", "Fuel type": "Diesel, hybrid", "Chief executive": "Patrick Leclerc", "Chairperson": "Jocelyn Blondin", "Website": "sto.ca"}}]
| false
|
# Yakimanka District
Yakimanka District (Russian: райо́н Якима́нка) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 26,578 (2010 Census); 22,822 (2002 Census).
It is named after the former church of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Yakimanka contains the western half of the historical Zamoskvorechye area (its eastern half is administered as Zamoskvorechye District proper), including the Tretyakov Gallery and the territories of Gorky Park and Neskuchny Sad. The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows Balchug Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street (north of the Garden Ring), Korovy Val and Mytnaya Streets (south of the Garden Ring).
## History
### Old Muscovy
Territories on the right (southern) bank of Moskva River, now known as Zamoskvorechye, were colonized from the fourteenth century. Two river crossings, west and east of the Kremlin walls, continued south to Kaluga and Serpukhov, and served as main axes of settlement. The western part of Yakimanka District (between the Moskva River and Bolshaya Yakimanka Street) was regularly flooded, and thus its inhabited area was contained within a 700-meter-wide tract of land between Bolshaya Yakimanka and Bolshaya Ordynka streets (formerly the Kaluga and Serpukhov roads). The floodland was gradually built out in the nineteenth century when the Babiegorodskaya Dam was completed, but even then a large field existed near Krymsky Bridge until 1972, when the new building of the Tretyakov Gallery was built. The clover leaves on the district's coat of arms are a memory of these fields. (See Balchug for an explanation of the Vodootvodny Canal flood control development that separated the Bersenevka and Boloto neighborhoods from the mainland and the history of the island.)
The lands south of the Moskva River, exposed to southern enemies, were regularly destroyed by raiders, notably by Algirdas in 1366 and 1368, Tokhtamysh in 1382, Edigu in 1408, and the Tatar pretender Mazovsha in 1451. Permanent militarized settlements of Muscovites, called slobodas, were established by Prince Vasili III in the early sixteenth century. The fortified line on the site of the present-day Garden Ring was built in 1591–1592 in the reign of Feodor I. The church of St. Joachim and St. Anne at Bolshaya Yakimanka, 13, which gave the district its name, was initially built in 1493 and subsequently rebuilt before being destroyed by the Soviet government (see 19th century photo).
Yakimanka District has had a diverse and rapidly changing ethnic and social composition:
- Continuous presence of Tatars since 14th century; Ordynka Street is named after the Golden Horde (in Russian, orda). Chernigov Lane was named in memory of Prince Mikhail of Chernigov, killed by the Horde and buried in the area.
- 16/17th-century settlement of foreign mercenaries employed by Vasili III, Ivan Grozny, and the early Romanovs.
- 17th-century settlement of former Polish prisoners of war who remained in Moscow after the Time of Troubles, known as Babiy Gorodok (Бабий городок, "women's town").
- A settlement of court translators (tolmachi), who dealt with foreign visitors (current Tolmachevsky Lanes).
- 16/17th-century settlements of Cossacks (current Kazachy Lanes) and Streltsy, dispersed after the Streltsy Uprising of 1698 (Pyzhevsky Lane, after the streltsy colonel Bogdan Pyzhov;[6] formerly Griboedovsky Lane[7]).
- Golutvin sloboda, owned by the Kolomna Golutvin Monastery (current Golutvinsky Lanes)
- Barrel makers sloboda (kadashi, Kadashevsky Lanes).
- Mint workers (Staromonetny Lane).
### 18th century
The century was preceded by mass executions of streltsy. September 30, 1698 Peter I hanged 36 soldiers at the Serpukhov Gate, 36 at the Kaluga Gate, etc., physically destroying the human core of the sloboda system. By 1720, all streltsy troops were disbanded. At the same time, craftsmen lost their businesses when the royal court relocated to Saint Petersburg. The patchwork sloboda system of Zamoskvorechye fell apart, and within the 18th century social diversity settled down. Bolshaya Yakimanka remained a quiet street of single-family households, many of them still farming on the floodlands; Bolshaya Ordynka was inhabited by wealthy merchants. Zamoskvorechye merchant became a catchword for an ultraconservative, bearded, pious archetype, the subject of Aleksandr Ostrovsky's plays. Even the wealthiest of them lived in country-style single-story houses on spacious lots, a few of which remain today. The areas on the edge of the city, where Peter hanged his soldiers, were taken over by grain warehouses and market squares, commemorated in the names of Zhitnaya ("wheat") and Mytnaya ("tax") streets.
Yakimanka was established as an administrative district in 1782, when Catherine II divided Moscow into 20 police districts. In particular, Zamoskvorechye was divided between the Yakimanka and Pyatnitzkaya police precincts.
A different development began at the end of the century on the Kaluga road outside the Garden Ring (which at that time was a city rampart, not a garden or a street). The present-day territory of Gorky Park and Neskuchny Sad, between the Kaluga road and the Moskva River, was home to the country houses of the Golitsyn, Demidov, Trubetskoy, Stroganov and later Orlov families. In 1793, Prince Dmitry Golitsyn bequeathed 900,000 roubles to build Moscow's first free public hospital. The project, supported by the dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, was completed in 1796–1802 by Matvey Kazakov. Although the Golitsyn family owned lands nearby, the hospital was set on Stroganov family land. Hospital construction continued on Kaluga Road throughout the next century. Today, these hospitals belong to Yakimanka District and are known as First City (Первая Градская).
### 19th century
The Fire of 1812 swept the entire area except for a few blocks in the southern end of Bolshaya Yakimanka and Kazakov's hospital (which took care of both Russian and French troops). The construction of the Babiegorodskaya Dam and the clearing of the Vodootvodny Canal in the 1830s reduced the flood hazard, but the land remained cheap. This led to the steady industrialization of Zamoskvorechye. For example, Gustav List set up his first metalworking factory in Boloto, directly across from the Kremlin (his mansion, also in Boloto, would later house the British embassy).
While most of Yakimanka remained a traditional, low-rise merchant neighborhood, a cluster of large five- to seven-story factory buildings emerged in Golutvin and Bersenevka (Golutvin was the birthplace of Pavel Ryabushinsky). Most of these are now converted to office space, while Krasny Oktyabr chocolate factory (originally Einem) is scheduled for conversion soon. Hotels catering to businesspeople were built nearby in Boloto and Balchug Street.
In 1896, the city built an electrical power plant in Zamoskvorechye District (MOGES-1, the oldest existing power plant). The second power plant, built specifically for the tram network, emerged in Yakimanka District, also in Bersenevka, and operates today. Since that time, electrical and oiling offices are major tenants on the Balchug island.
The late nineteenth century was also a time of charity and social experiments. The Tretyakov Gallery, which started as Pavel Tretyakov's private collection in the 1850s, opened to the public in 1892. The existing building, with a facade designed by Apollinary Vasnetsov, was completed in 1899–1904. Pavel Tretyakov also financed the construction and operation of the free housing for widows and children of Russian artists, located north from the Gallery.
Morozov Hospital, the city's first surgical hospital for children, started in 1896 as a two-room Red Cross clinic. The Morozov family financed construction of the two-story existing building in Bolshaya Polyanka. Another free hospital was operated by the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. Finally, the city and private philanthropists also provided cheap or free housing; the largest public housing projects were launched in the 1890s in Boloto. The best known of these projects, Bakhrushin Free Apartments (1898-1900, Sofiyskaya Embankment, 26), now houses Rosneft headquarters.
### Modern history
In 1922, Bolshevik authorities closed and looted 22 churches in Zamoskvorechye, including the churches of St. Joachim and St. Anne, St. Maron, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and others; the Church of St. John the Warrior remained the only functioning church in Yakimanka. St. Joachim and St. Anne was torn down in 1933. However, compared to other districts, the Joseph Stalin era brought very little damage to Yakimanka; the area seemed to be neglected.
In the 1920s, the old Wine and Salt Court in Bersenevka was replaced by the House on Embankment; further south, Moscow's first cooperative apartment building was completed in 1926. Gorky Park development began in 1923 with the first All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition; in 1928, the fairgrounds were reopened as a public park. The existing Stalin-style entrance arch was added later, in 1950s.
The 1935 Moscow Master Plan called for completing the Boulevard Ring through Zamoskvorechye, which was not done. The only trace of this project is the 1937 Writers' Apartments building facing the Tretyakov building (expanded in the 1950s and 2000s); it housed elite writers like Yevgeny Petrov of Ilf and Petrov fame, Boris Pasternak, and Konstantin Paustovsky. Similar grand Stalinist buildings were planned all along the new route, but were cancelled.
The most important outcome of Stalin's projects came with completion of the 1932–1938 Moscow Canal: floods were no longer a threat for the Yakimanka lowlands. River banks that formerly shifted every season were firmly set in granite; all downtown Moscow river and Vodootvodny Canal bridges were rebuilt to six- to eight-lane capacity.
Major destruction of Yakimanka took place in Leonid Brezhnev's time. The western side of Bolshaya Yakimanka was rebuilt in the high-rise style typical of the time. Similar structures appeared in Polyanka Street, both as infills and as block-wide projects. This was followed by facadist "reconstruction" of the 1990s-2000s and new high-rises like the 15-story Copernicus building. The city, however, rejected construction of the avant-garde towers designed by Erick van Egeraat.
## Notable buildings, cultural and educational facilities
### Museums
- Tretyakov Gallery
- Tretyakov Gallery exhibition hall on Krymsky Val, with the nearby sculpture park
- Art Museum of Vasili Tropinin and his contemporaries (Schetininsky, 10)
- Averky Kirillov estate in Bersenevka (by appointment)
- House on Embankment museum www.museum.ru (by appointment)
- Marat Gelman gallery (Malaya Polyanka, 7/7)
### Churches
- Marfo-Mariinsky Convent (1908–1912, architect: Alexey Shchusev, Bolshaya Ordynka, 34)
- Church of the Dormition (1695–1697, Bolshaya Polyanka, 37) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of the Iberian Icon of Theotokos at Children's Hospital (1896–1901, Bolshaya Polyanka, 20) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of the Icon of Theotokos, the Joy in Sorrow (1831–1836, architect: Joseph Bove) photo www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi (2nd Kadashevsky 7-14) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Saint Sophia Church in Sadovniki (1682–1686, belltower: 1862–1868, Sofiyskaya naberezhnaya, 32) photo
- Church of St. Catherine (1766–1767, architect: Karl Blank, Bolshaya Ordynka, 60/2) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of St. Gregory of Nyssa (1668–1679, Bolshaya Polyanka, 29A) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of St. John the Warrior (1704–1717, Bolshaya Yakimanka, 46) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of St. Maron the Hermit in Baby Gorodok, former Polish Sloboda (1727–1730, Bolshaya Yakimanka 32-2) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of St. Mikhail of Chernigov and Fyodor (1675, Chernigovsky, 3) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of St. Nicholas in Bersenevka (1656–1657, Bersenevskaya Naberezhnaya, 18)
- Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi (Maly Tolmachevsky, 9) www.pravoslavie.ru
- Church of the Trinity in Shabolovka (1885–1895, Shabolovka, 21)
- Churches of First City Hospital (Leninsky Prospect, 8)
### Theaters
- Teatr Estrady in the House on Embankment
### Memorial buildings
- Embassy of France, former Igumnov House, 1888–1895 (www.ambafrance.ru, www.rian.ru, o-moskve.narod.ru)
- Single-story house in Bolshaya Yakimanka, 8, remains of old Golutvin sloboda
- Writers' Building (Lavrushinsky lane, across Tretyakov Gallery)
## Government and infrastructure
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC or MAK), the aviation accident technical investigation body of the Commonwealth of Independent States, has its head office in the district.
The Federal Penitentiary Service has its head office in Yakimanka District.
## Public transportation access
Moscow Metro:
- Polyanka, Tretyakovskaya - north and center
- Oktyabrskaya-Radialnaya, Oktyabrskaya-Koltsevaya - south
- Dobryninskaya, Serpukhovskaya - south-east
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{{infobox Russian District
|federal_subject=[[Moscow]]
|en_name=Yakimanka District
|ru_name=район Якиманка
|image_view= Bolshaya Yakimanka Street.jpg
}}{{Short description|District of Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia}}
{{Moscow district OSM map
|frame-align = right
|plain =
|text = Yakimanka District in Moscow
}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Yakimanka (municipality in Moscow).png|thumb|Coat of arms of Yakimanka District]]
'''Yakimanka District''' ({{langx|ru|райо́н Якима́нка}}) is a [[administrative divisions of Moscow|district]] of [[Central Administrative Okrug]] of the [[federal cities of Russia|federal city]] of [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|26,578|;}} {{ru-census2002|22,822|.}}
It is named after the former church of [[Saint Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne]]. Yakimanka contains the western half of the historical [[Zamoskvorechye]] area (its eastern half is administered as [[Zamoskvorechye District]] proper), including the [[Tretyakov Gallery]] and the territories of [[Gorky Park (Moscow)|Gorky Park]] and [[Neskuchny Sad]]. The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows [[Balchug]] Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street (north of the [[Garden Ring]]), Korovy Val and Mytnaya Streets (south of the Garden Ring).
==History==
[[File:Wiki Ordynsky tupik.jpg|thumb|17th-century palace, Ordynsky Tupik. [[Writers' House in Lavrushinsky Lane|Writers' Apartments]] in the background]]
===Old Muscovy===
Territories on the right (southern) bank of [[Moskva River]], now known as Zamoskvorechye, were colonized from the fourteenth century. Two river crossings, west and east of the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] walls, continued south to [[Kaluga]] and [[Serpukhov]], and served as main axes of settlement. The western part of Yakimanka District (between the Moskva River and Bolshaya Yakimanka Street) was regularly flooded, and thus its inhabited area was contained within a 700-meter-wide tract of land between Bolshaya Yakimanka and Bolshaya Ordynka streets (formerly the Kaluga and Serpukhov roads). The floodland was gradually built out in the nineteenth century when the [[Babiegorodskaya Dam]] was completed, but even then a large field existed near [[Krymsky Bridge]] until 1972, when the new building of the Tretyakov Gallery was built. The [[clover]] leaves on the district's coat of arms are a memory of these fields. (See [[Balchug]] for an explanation of the Vodootvodny Canal flood control development that separated the Bersenevka and Boloto neighborhoods from the mainland and the history of the island.)<ref>This section is based on P.V. Sytin's "Из истории московских улиц" 'From the history of Moscow streets', Moscow, 1948</ref>
The lands south of the Moskva River, exposed to southern enemies, were regularly destroyed by raiders, notably by [[Algirdas]] in 1366 and 1368, [[Tokhtamysh]] in 1382, [[Edigu]] in 1408, and the [[Tatars|Tatar]] pretender Mazovsha in 1451. Permanent militarized settlements of Muscovites, called [[sloboda (settlement)|sloboda]]s, were established by [[Vasili III of Russia|Prince Vasili III]] in the early sixteenth century. The fortified line on the site of the present-day Garden Ring was built in 1591–1592 in the reign of [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]]. The church of St. Joachim and St. Anne at Bolshaya Yakimanka, 13, which gave the district its name, was initially built in 1493 and subsequently rebuilt before being destroyed by the Soviet government (see [http://www.temples.ru/show_picture.php?PictureID=5264 19th century photo]).<ref>I.K. Kondrat'ev, ''Sedaya starina Moskvy'' (Moscow: Citadel, 1997 repr. of 1893 book), pp. 402, 595.</ref>
Yakimanka District has had a diverse and rapidly changing ethnic and social composition:
*Continuous presence of [[Tatars|Tatar]]s since 14th century; Ordynka Street is named after the [[Golden Horde]] (in Russian, ''orda''). Chernigov Lane was named in memory of Prince [[Mikhail of Chernigov]], killed by the Horde and buried in the area.
*16/17th-century settlement of foreign mercenaries employed by [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasili III]], [[Ivan IV of Russia|Ivan Grozny]], and the early Romanovs.
*17th-century settlement of former [[Polish people|Polish]] [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] who remained in Moscow after the [[Time of Troubles]], known as Babiy Gorodok (Бабий городок, "women's town").
*A settlement of court translators (''tolmachi''), who dealt with foreign visitors (current Tolmachevsky Lanes).
*16/17th-century settlements of [[Cossacks]] (current Kazachy Lanes) and [[Streltsy]], dispersed after the [[Streltsy Uprising]] of 1698 (Pyzhevsky Lane, after the streltsy colonel Bogdan Pyzhov;<ref>Nina M. Moleva, ''Москва — столица'' (Olma Media Group, 2003: {{ISBN|5-224-04274-7}}), p. 171.</ref> formerly Griboedovsky Lane<ref>[http://www.apartment.ru/Article/48711326.html ПЫЖЕВСКИЙ переулок].</ref>).
*Golutvin [[sloboda]], owned by the [[Kolomna]] Golutvin Monastery (current Golutvinsky Lanes)
*Barrel makers [[sloboda]] (''kadashi'', Kadashevsky Lanes).
*[[Mint (coin)|Mint]] workers (Staromonetny Lane).
===18th century===
The century was preceded by mass executions of [[streltsy]]. September 30, 1698 [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] hanged 36 soldiers at the Serpukhov Gate, 36 at the Kaluga Gate, etc., physically destroying the human core of the [[sloboda]] system. By 1720, all streltsy troops were disbanded. At the same time, craftsmen lost their businesses when the royal court relocated to [[Saint Petersburg]]. The patchwork sloboda system of Zamoskvorechye fell apart, and within the 18th century social diversity settled down. Bolshaya Yakimanka remained a quiet street of single-family households, many of them still farming on the floodlands; Bolshaya Ordynka was inhabited by wealthy merchants. ''Zamoskvorechye merchant'' became a catchword for an ultraconservative, bearded, pious [[archetype]], the subject of [[Aleksandr Ostrovsky]]'s plays. Even the wealthiest of them lived in country-style single-story houses on spacious lots, a few of which remain today. The areas on the edge of the city, where Peter hanged his soldiers, were taken over by grain warehouses and market squares, commemorated in the names of Zhitnaya ("wheat") and Mytnaya ("tax") streets.
[[File:Wiki ordynka.jpg|thumb|Bolshaya Ordynka, 16, one of the remaining historical houses]]
Yakimanka was established as an administrative district in 1782, when [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine II]] divided Moscow into 20 police districts. In particular, Zamoskvorechye was divided between the Yakimanka and Pyatnitzkaya police precincts.
A different development began at the end of the century on the [[Kaluga road]] outside the Garden Ring (which at that time was a city rampart, not a garden or a street). The present-day territory of Gorky Park and Neskuchny Sad, between the Kaluga road and the Moskva River, was home to the country houses of the [[Golitsyns|Golitsyn]], [[Demidov]], [[Trubetskoy]], [[Stroganov]] and later [[Orlov (family)|Orlov]] families. In 1793, [[Dmitry Golitsyn|Prince Dmitry Golitsyn]] bequeathed 900,000 roubles to build Moscow's first free public hospital. The project, supported by the dowager Empress [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Maria Feodorovna]], was completed in 1796–1802 by [[Matvey Kazakov]]. Although the Golitsyn family owned lands nearby, the hospital was set on [[Stroganov]] family land. Hospital construction continued on Kaluga Road throughout the next century. Today, these hospitals belong to Yakimanka District and are known as ''First City'' (Первая Градская).
===19th century===
[[File:Wiki sofiyskaya 14.jpg|thumb|Former [[United Kingdom|British]] Embassy in Boloto, facing [[Kremlin]], originally Gustav List mansion]]
[[File:Wiki Yakimanskaya.jpg|thumb|Golutvin Sloboda offices, converted 19th century factories]]
The [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|Fire of 1812]] swept the entire area except for a few blocks in the southern end of Bolshaya Yakimanka and Kazakov's hospital (which took care of both Russian and French troops). The construction of the [[Babiegorodskaya Dam]] and the clearing of the [[Vodootvodny Canal]] in the 1830s reduced the flood hazard, but the land remained cheap. This led to the steady industrialization of Zamoskvorechye. For example, [[Gustav List]] set up his first metalworking factory in Boloto, directly across from the Kremlin (his mansion, also in Boloto, would later house the [[United Kingdom|British]] embassy).<ref>
This section is based on "Москва начала века" 'Moscow builders at the turn of the century': "O-Мастер", 2001 ({{ISBN|5-9207-0001-7}})</ref>
While most of Yakimanka remained a traditional, low-rise merchant neighborhood, a cluster of large five- to seven-story factory buildings emerged in Golutvin and Bersenevka (Golutvin was the birthplace of [[Pavel Ryabushinsky]]). Most of these are now converted to office space, while [[Red October (sweet factory)|Krasny Oktyabr chocolate factory]] (originally Einem) is scheduled for conversion soon. Hotels catering to businesspeople were built nearby in Boloto and Balchug Street.
In 1896, the city built an electrical power plant in [[Zamoskvorechye District]] (MOGES-1, the oldest existing power plant). The [https://web.archive.org/web/20070107110002/http://tram.rusign.com/powerstation1.php second power plant], built specifically for the [[tram]] network, emerged in Yakimanka District, also in Bersenevka, and operates today. Since that time, electrical and oiling offices are major tenants on the [[Balchug]] island.
The late nineteenth century was also a time of charity and social experiments. The [[Tretyakov Gallery]], which started as [[Pavel Tretyakov]]'s private collection in the 1850s, opened to the public in 1892. The existing building, with a facade designed by [[Apollinary Vasnetsov]], was completed in 1899–1904. Pavel Tretyakov also financed the construction and operation of the free housing for widows and children of Russian artists, located north from the Gallery.
Morozov Hospital, the city's first surgical hospital for children, started in 1896 as a two-room Red Cross clinic. The Morozov family financed construction of the two-story existing building in Bolshaya Polyanka. Another free hospital was operated by the [[Marfo-Mariinsky Convent]]. Finally, the city and private philanthropists also provided cheap or free housing; the largest public housing projects were launched in the 1890s in Boloto. The best known of these projects, Bakhrushin Free Apartments (1898-1900, Sofiyskaya Embankment, 26),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gctm.ru/museum/bakhrushin/|title=Алексей Александрович Бахрушин и его семья}}</ref> now houses [[Rosneft]] headquarters.
===Modern history===
[[File:Tretyakovskaya gallery.JPG|thumb|Tretyakov Gallery, recently expanded]]
In 1922, [[Bolshevik]] authorities closed and looted 22 churches in Zamoskvorechye, including the churches of St. Joachim and St. Anne, St. [[Maron]], St. [[Gregory of Nyssa]], and others; the [[Church of St. John the Warrior]] remained the only functioning church in Yakimanka. St. Joachim and St. Anne was torn down in 1933.<ref>Russian: Official 1922 documents at [http://mir.voskres.ru/mirbo04/a32.htm mir.voskres.ru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206221408/http://www.zmsk.ru/upload/iblock/581/sadovnich-naberezh.jpg |date=February 6, 2012 }}</ref> However, compared to other districts, the [[Joseph Stalin]] era brought very little damage to Yakimanka; the area seemed to be neglected.
In the 1920s, the old Wine and Salt Court in Bersenevka was replaced by the [[House on Embankment]]; further south, Moscow's first [[housing cooperative|cooperative apartment building]] was completed in 1926. Gorky Park development began in 1923 with the first All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition; in 1928, the fairgrounds were reopened as a public park. The existing [[Stalinist architecture|Stalin-style]] entrance arch was added later, in 1950s.
The 1935 Moscow Master Plan called for completing the [[Boulevard Ring]] through Zamoskvorechye, which was not done. The only trace of this project is the 1937 [[Writers' House in Lavrushinsky Lane|Writers' Apartments]] building facing the Tretyakov building (expanded in the 1950s and 2000s); it housed elite writers like Yevgeny Petrov of [[Ilf and Petrov]] fame, [[Boris Pasternak]], and [[Konstantin Paustovsky]].<ref>"Из истории московских переулков", М, 1997</ref> Similar grand Stalinist buildings were planned all along the new route, but were cancelled.
The most important outcome of Stalin's projects came with completion of the 1932–1938 [[Moscow Canal]]: floods were no longer a threat for the Yakimanka lowlands. River banks that formerly shifted every season were firmly set in granite; all downtown [[List of bridges in Moscow|Moscow river and Vodootvodny Canal bridges]] were rebuilt to six- to eight-lane capacity.
Major destruction of Yakimanka took place in [[Leonid Brezhnev]]'s time. The western side of Bolshaya Yakimanka was rebuilt in the high-rise style typical of the time. Similar structures appeared in Polyanka Street, both as infills and as block-wide projects. This was followed by [[facadism|facadist]] "reconstruction" of the 1990s-2000s and new high-rises like the 15-story [http://www.kopernik.ru/fasad.asp Copernicus] building. The city, however, rejected construction of the avant-garde towers designed by [[Erick van Egeraat]].<ref>Russian: "Русский Авангард" как "московский стиль", "Известия", 15.04.2004 [http://www.gif.ru/themes/culture/no-egerat/izvestia/ www.gif.ru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226222256/http://www.gif.ru/themes/culture/no-egerat/izvestia/ |date=December 26, 2008 }}</ref>
==Notable buildings, cultural and educational facilities==
[[File:Храм Софии Премудрости в Замоскворечье.jpg|thumb|upright|Belltower of St. Sophia church in Moscow]]
[[File:Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi]]]]
===Museums===
*[[Tretyakov Gallery]]
*[[Tretyakov Gallery]] exhibition hall on [[Krymsky Val]], with the nearby sculpture park
*Art Museum of [[Vasily Andreevich Tropinin|Vasili Tropinin]] and his contemporaries (Schetininsky, 10)
*Averky Kirillov estate in Bersenevka (by appointment)
*[[House on Embankment]] museum [http://www.museum.ru/M427 www.museum.ru] (by appointment)
*[[Marat Gelman]] gallery (Malaya Polyanka, 7/7)
===Churches===
*[[Marfo-Mariinsky Convent]] (1908–1912, architect: [[Alexey Shchusev]], Bolshaya Ordynka, 34)
*Church of the [[Dormition]] (1695–1697, Bolshaya Polyanka, 37) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/21.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of the Iberian Icon of [[Theotokos]] at Children's Hospital (1896–1901, Bolshaya Polyanka, 20) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/101.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of the Icon of [[Theotokos]], the Joy in Sorrow (1831–1836, architect: [[Joseph Bove]]) [[:Image:Moscow Bolshaya Ordynka 18.jpg|photo]] [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/89.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*[[Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi]] (2nd Kadashevsky 7-14) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/198.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*[[Saint Sophia Church in Sadovniki]] (1682–1686, belltower: 1862–1868, Sofiyskaya naberezhnaya, 32) [[:Image:River Moskva.jpg|photo]]
*Church of [[Saint Catherine of Alexandria|St. Catherine]] (1766–1767, architect: [[Karl Blank]], Bolshaya Ordynka, 60/2) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/98.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of St. [[Gregory of Nyssa]] (1668–1679, Bolshaya Polyanka, 29A) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/93.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*[[Church of St. John the Warrior]] (1704–1717, Bolshaya Yakimanka, 46) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/104.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of St. [[Maron]] the Hermit in ''Baby Gorodok'', former Polish Sloboda (1727–1730, Bolshaya Yakimanka 32-2) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/110.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of St. Mikhail of Chernigov and Fyodor (1675, Chernigovsky, 3) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/28.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*[[:Image:Wiki bersenevka Nikolai.jpg|Church of St. Nicholas in Bersenevka]] (1656–1657, Bersenevskaya Naberezhnaya, 18)
*Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi (Maly Tolmachevsky, 9) [http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/266.htm www.pravoslavie.ru]
*Church of the Trinity in Shabolovka (1885–1895, Shabolovka, 21)
*Churches of First City Hospital (Leninsky Prospect, 8)
===Theaters===
*Teatr Estrady in the [[House on Embankment]]
===Memorial buildings===
*Embassy of [[France]], former [[Igumnov House]], 1888–1895 ([http://www.ambafrance.ru/article.php3?id_article=147 www.ambafrance.ru], [http://www.rian.ru/photolents/20051026/41896136_10.html www.rian.ru], [http://o-moskve.narod.ru/p2.html o-moskve.narod.ru])
*Single-story house in Bolshaya Yakimanka, 8, remains of old Golutvin sloboda
*Writers' Building (Lavrushinsky lane, across Tretyakov Gallery)
==Government and infrastructure==
[[File:ChristSaviourCathedral Views May 2012 20.jpg|thumb|View of a part of Yakimanka from the [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]]]]
The [[Interstate Aviation Committee]] (IAC or MAK), the aviation accident technical investigation body of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]], has its head office in the district.<ref name="Main">"[http://www.mak.ru/english/o_mak.html Main] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021000446/http://www.mak.ru/english/o_mak.html |date=October 21, 2013 }}." [[Interstate Aviation Committee]]. Retrieved on 24 June 2010. "119017, Moscow, Russia Bolshaya Ordynka str. 22/2/1" [http://www.mak.ru/russian/russian.html Address in Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227053107/http://www.mak.ru/russian/russian.html |date=December 27, 2012 }}: 119017, Москва, Россия ул.Большая Ордынка, 22/2/1</ref>
The [[Federal Penitentiary Service]] has its head office in Yakimanka District.<ref>"[http://government.ru/eng/power/100/ Federal Penitentiary Service] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125195029/http://www.government.ru/eng/power/100/ |date=November 25, 2011 }}." Government of Russia. Retrieved on 5 October 2011. "Address: 14 Zhitnaya Ulitsa, Moscow 119991"</ref>
==Public transportation access==
[[Moscow Metro]]:
*[[Polyanka (Moscow Metro)|Polyanka]], [[Tretyakovskaya (Moscow Metro)|Tretyakovskaya]] - north and center
*[[Oktyabrskaya-Radialnaya]], [[Oktyabrskaya-Koltsevaya]] - south
*[[Dobryninskaya]], [[Serpukhovskaya]] - south-east
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Yakimanka|Yakimanka District}}
*[http://www.yakimanka.ru/ Official website of Yakimanka District] {{in lang|ru}}
*1882 photographs, temples of Zamoskvorechye and Yakimanka. [http://orel.rsl.ru/vers_may2000/books/html/volume3p2.htm Russian State Library]
{{Administrative divisions of Moscow}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}
{{Coord|55|43|53|N|37|36|14|E|source:itwiki_scale:5000|display=title}}
[[Category:Central Administrative Okrug]]
[[Category:History of Moscow]]
[[Category:Districts of Moscow]]
| 1,301,029,756
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[{"title": "Yakimanka District \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u042f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430", "data": {"Country": "Russia", "Federal subject": "Moscow", "Time zone": "UTC+3 (MSK )", "OKTMO ID": "45384000"}}]
| false
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# Wanganui Education Board
Provinces were abolished in New Zealand and the central government took control of education. The Education Act 1877 established twelve regional education boards, including this the Wanganui Education Board.
## Timeline
- 1892 - Wanganui Technical School - founded by the Wanganui Education Board
- 1905 - End of year figures: Schools 85, teaching staff 374, number of pupils 12,983. (Student teacher ratio: 34.7) gross revenue £78,078.
- 1906 - "The Wanganui Education Board has jurisdiction over a district which comprises the Counties of Wanganui, Waitotara, Hawera, Patea, Waimarino, Rangitikei, Oroua, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Pohangina, and Manawatu".[1] - The offices of the Wanganui Education Board are in Nixon Street.
## Primary schools
| Name of school | Original borough or county | Suburb or riding | Opened | First principal | Closed | Most recent principal | Web or image URL | Maximum known roll (MKR) | Year of MKR | Geo-location |
| -------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------- | ------ | --------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Matarawa | Wanganui Borough? | 6 miles from Whanganui | 1855 | | | | [ 2 ] [ 3 ] | | | |
| Westmere | Wanganui Borough? | | 1894 | Miss Emma P Laird | No | | [ 4 ] [ 5 ] | | | |
| Whakahoro | Kaitieke County | Retaruke Riding | | | 1950s? | | | | | Confluence of Whanganui and Retaruke Rivers |
| Maungaroa | Kaitieke County | Retaruke Riding | | | 1944? | | | | | 39°07′13″S 175°08′04″E / 39.120337°S 175.134479°E |
| Kaitieke | Kaitieke County | Near Raurimu | 23 February 1910 | | No | | [ 6 ] [ 7 ] | | | |
| Raurimu | | Near Owhango | | | 1970s? | | | | | |
| Ōwhango | Taumarunui County | | | | No | | [ 8 ] | | | |
| Kakahi | Taumarunui County | Near Owhango | | | No | | [ 9 ] | | | 38°56′05″S 175°22′58″E / 38.934694°S 175.382746°E |
| Piriaka | Taumarunui County | Near Manunui | | | Yes | | [ | | | |
| Manunui | Taumarunui Borough | Manunui | | | No | | [ 11 ] | | | |
| National Park | ? | | 1 July 1925 | | No | | [ 12 ] | | | |
| Hokowhitu | Palmerston North Borough | | 5 February 1924 | Mr G.K. Hamilton. | No | | [ 13 ] | | | |
## Secondary schools
| Name of school | Original borough or county | Suburb or riding | Opened | First principal | Closed | Most recent principal | Web or image URL | Max known roll (MKR) | Year of MKR |
| -------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------- | ------ | --------------- | ------------------ | --------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- | ----------- |
| Taumarunui | Taumarunui Borough | | | | No | | [ 14 ] | | |
| Raurimu | | | | | 1950s? Burned down | | [ 15 ] | | |
| Apiti DHS | Wanganui Borough? | | | | | | [ 16 ] | | |
|
enwiki/1814238
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enwiki
| 1,814,238
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Wanganui Education Board
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanganui_Education_Board
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2025-07-22T18:20:36Z
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en
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Q7967812
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Provinces were abolished in New Zealand and the central government took control of education. The [[Education Act 1877 (New Zealand)|Education Act 1877]] established twelve regional education boards, including this the '''Wanganui Education Board'''.
==Timeline==
* 1892 - Wanganui Technical School - founded by the Wanganui Education Board
* 1905 - End of year figures: Schools 85, teaching staff 374, number of pupils 12,983. (Student teacher ratio: 34.7) gross revenue £78,078.
* 1906 - "The Wanganui Education Board has jurisdiction over a district which comprises the Counties of Wanganui, Waitotara, Hawera, Patea, Waimarino, Rangitikei, Oroua, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Pohangina, and Manawatu".<ref>[https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc06Cycl-t1-body1-d3-d8-d2.html The Cyclopedia of New Zealand - The Education Board]</ref> - The offices of the Wanganui Education Board are in Nixon Street.
==Primary schools==
{|border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Name of school
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Original borough or county
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Suburb or riding
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Opened
!bgcolor=#cccccc|First principal
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Closed
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Most recent principal
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Web or image URL
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Maximum known roll (MKR)
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Year of MKR
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Geo-location
|-
|[[Matarawa]]
|Wanganui Borough?
|6 miles from [[Whanganui]]
|1855
|
|
|
|<ref>[http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/people-and-their-issues/education/role-of-schools-in-rural-nz/rurscl-03.htm maf.govt.nz]</ref><ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=58245 oldfriendz.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|Westmere
|[[Wanganui]] Borough?
|
|1894
|Miss Emma P Laird
|No
|
|<ref>[http://www.hokowhitu.school.nz/ school.nz]</ref><ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=10584 oldfriendz.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|[[Whakahoro]]
|[[Kaitieke]] County
|[[Retaruke]] Riding
|
|
|1950s?
|
|
|
|
| Confluence of Whanganui and Retaruke Rivers
|-
|[[Retaruke River#Maungaroa|Maungaroa]]
|[[Kaitieke]] County
|[[Retaruke]] Riding
|
|
|1944?
|
|
|
|
|{{coord|39.120337|S|175.134479|E|region:NZ_type:edu}}
|-
|Kaitieke
|[[Kaitieke]] County
|Near Raurimu
|23 February 1910
|
|No
|
|<ref>[http://schools.reap.org.nz/ruapehu/kaitieke/history.htm REAP]</ref><ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=2990 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|[[Raurimu Spiral|Raurimu]]
|
|Near Owhango
|
|
|1970s?
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Ōwhango]]
|[[Taumarunui]] County
|
|
|
|No
|
|<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050519205805/http://groups.msn.com/OwhangoPrimarySchool MSN]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|[[Kakahi, New Zealand|Kakahi]]
|[[Taumarunui]] County
|Near Owhango
|
|
|No
|
|<ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=3014 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|{{coord|38.934694|S|175.382746|E|region:NZ_type:edu}}
|-
|[[Piriaka]]
|[[Taumarunui]] County
|Near Manunui
|
|
|Yes
|
|[<ref>http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=67524 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|[[Manunui]]
|[[Taumarunui]] Borough
|Manunui
|
|
|No
|
|<ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=4031 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|[[National Park, New Zealand|National Park]]
|?
|
|1 July 1925
|
|No
|
|<ref>[http://schools.reap.org.nz/ruapehu/natpark REAP]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
|Hokowhitu
|[[Palmerston North]] Borough
|
|5 February 1924
|Mr G.K. Hamilton.
|No
|
|<ref>[http://www.hokowhitu.school.nz/ school.nz][http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=2540 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|
|
|}
==Secondary schools==
{|border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Name of school
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Original borough or county
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Suburb or riding
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Opened
!bgcolor=#cccccc|First principal
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Closed
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Most recent principal
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Web or image URL
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Max known roll (MKR)
!bgcolor=#cccccc|Year of MKR
|-
|Taumarunui
|[[Taumarunui]] Borough
|
|
|
|No
|
|<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630215030/http://www.taumarunuihigh.school.nz/ school.nz]</ref>
|
|-
|[[Raurimu Spiral|Raurimu]]
|
|
|
|
|1950s? Burned down
|
|<ref>[http://www.oldfriends.co.nz/Institution.aspx?id=17694 oldfriends.co.nz]</ref>
|
|-
|Apiti DHS
|[[Wanganui]] Borough?
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref>[http://www.enternet.co.nz/users/colin/ ex-staff]</ref>
|
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
[[Category:Educational organisations based in New Zealand]]
| 1,301,974,896
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[]
| false
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# Bob McHugh (footballer)
Robert McHugh (born 16 July 1991) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Pollok. McHugh has previously played for Motherwell, Falkirk, Greenock Morton and Queen's Park, as well as loan spells with Queen of the South, Airdrieonians and East Kilbride.
## Career
### Motherwell
Born in Glasgow, McHugh made his Motherwell debut when he came on as a substitute in a 2–0 win over Hibernian in May 2008.
McHugh scored his first Motherwell goal when he took the field as a substitute in an 8–1 win over Flamurtari in the Europa League second round, scoring Motherwell's eighth goal in that match. He also scored the first goal as Motherwell beat Inverness CT 3–2 after extra time in the third round of the 2009–10 League Cup.
On 21 January 2011, McHugh joined First Division side Partick Thistle on loan until 27 March 2011. However, a broken wrist meant the loan would not happen, and so he stayed at the Fir Park club.
On 26 March 2013, McHugh signed a new two-year contract with Motherwell, lasting until summer 2015.
On 2 June 2015, Motherwell announced that McHugh was amongst the players leaving the club, with his contract having expired.
#### Queen of the South (loan)
On 13 January 2014, McHugh signed a six-month loan with Dumfries club Queen of the South.
On 3 May 2014, McHugh scored a goal notable amongst supporters of Alloa Athletic by scoring a 95th-minute equaliser for Queen of the South against Cowdenbeath. McHugh's goal sent Cowdenbeath into the relegation play-offs and secured Alloa's place in the Championship.
His scoring form continued into the Scottish Premiership play-offs as he scored both goals in the 2–1 quarter-final first leg home win against Falkirk on 6 May 2014. Four days later he scored in the return leg as Queen of the South were knocked out 4–3 on aggregate after a 3–1 defeat.
#### Airdrieonians (loan)
On 31 March 2015, McHugh signed for Scottish League One club Airdrieonians on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season. He made his debut on 4 April 2015, in a 2–0 win away to Stirling Albion.
### Falkirk
On 14 July 2015, McHugh signed for Falkirk, agreeing a two-year contract having played as a trialist for the club in friendlies against Drogheda United and Athlone Town, scoring twice in both matches. After his contract ended in May 2017, McHugh was released by the club.
### Morton
McHugh subsequently signed a two-year contract with Scottish Championship side Greenock Morton on 2 June 2017. On 10 August 2019, he scored his first career hat-trick in Morton's 4–1 win at home against Alloa Athletic.
### Queen's Park
After a third successful season at Cappielow, McHugh joined the newly professional Queen's Park in June 2020.
## Career statistics
As of match played 23 April 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| ------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------- | ------ | ------ | ------------ | ------------ | ---------- | ---------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Motherwell | 2007–08 | Scottish Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Motherwell | 2008–09 | Scottish Premier League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Motherwell | 2009–10 | Scottish Premier League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 2 |
| Motherwell | 2010–11 | Scottish Premier League | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Motherwell | 2011–12 | Scottish Premier League | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Motherwell | 2012–13 | Scottish Premier League | 25 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 29 | 3 |
| Motherwell | 2013–14 | Scottish Premiership | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 2 |
| Motherwell | 2014–15 | Scottish Premiership | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Motherwell | Total | Total | 70 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 92 | 8 |
| Queen of the South (loan) | 2013–14 | Scottish Championship | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 4 |
| Airdrieonians (loan) | 2014–15 | Scottish League One | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 |
| Falkirk | 2015–16 | Scottish Championship | 22 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 31 | 10 |
| Falkirk | 2016–17 | Scottish Championship | 33 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 42 | 6 |
| Falkirk | Total | Total | 55 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 73 | 16 |
| Greenock Morton | 2017–18 | Scottish Championship | 32 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 8 |
| Greenock Morton | 2018–19 | Scottish Championship | 29 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 10 |
| Greenock Morton | 2019–20 | Scottish Championship | 20 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 12 |
| Greenock Morton | Total | Total | 81 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 103 | 30 |
| Queen's Park | 2020–21 | Scottish League Two | 18 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 252 | 43 | 17 | 4 | 30 | 12 | 23 | 9 | 312 | 68 |
1. 1 2 3 Appearances in the Europa League
2. ↑ One appearance in the Champions League and two in the Europa League
3. ↑ Appearances in the Premiership play-offs
4. ↑ Two appearances and a goal in the Scottish Challenge Cup; four appearances and two goals in the Premiership play-offs
5. ↑ Two appearances and two goals in the Scottish Challenge Cup; two appearances in the Premiership play-offs
6. ↑ Appearance in the Scottish Challenge Cup
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_McHugh_(footballer)
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en
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Q2078856
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{{short description|Scottish footballer}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Bob McHugh
| fullname = Robert McHugh
| image = Robert McHugh.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption = McHugh (right) playing for Motherwell
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1991|7|16}}
| birth_place = [[Glasgow]], Scotland
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=10}}<ref name="Official"/>
| currentclub = [[Pollok FC]]
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]]
| years1 = 2007–2015
| clubs1 = [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
| caps1 = 70
| goals1 = 5
| years2 = 2014
| clubs2 = → [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] (loan)
| caps2 = 13
| goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2015
| clubs3 = → [[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] (loan)
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 4
| years4 = 2015–2017
| clubs4 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
| caps4 = 55
| goals4 = 9
| years5 = 2017–2020
| clubs5 = [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] <!--League games/goals only. Cup games go in Career statistics table below-->
| caps5 = 81
| goals5 = 18
| years6 = 2020–2022
| clubs6 = [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
| caps6 = 51
| goals6 = 14
| nationalyears1 = 2007–2008
| nationalteam1 = [[Scotland national under-17 football team|Scotland U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 8
| nationalgoals1 = 2
| nationalyears2 = 2009–2010
| nationalteam2 = [[Scotland national under-19 football team|Scotland U19]]
| nationalcaps2 = 6
| nationalgoals2 = 2
| club-update = 02:57, 12 June 2022 (UTC)
| years7 = 2022–2023
| clubs7 = [[East Kilbride F.C.|East Kilbride]]
| caps7 = 0
| goals7 = 0
|years8 = 2023-2025
|clubs8 = [[St Cadoc's Y.C.|St Cadoc's]]
|caps8 =
|goals8 =
|years9 = 2025-
|clubs9 = [[Pollok F.C.|Pollok]]
|caps9 = 4
|goals9 = 1
}}
'''Robert McHugh''' (born 16 July 1991) is a Scottish professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|striker]] for [[Pollok F.C.|Pollok]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pollokfc.com/2025/07/03/bob-mchugh-signs-up/ | title=Bob McHugh Signs Up
| publisher = Pollok FC}}</ref> McHugh has previously played for [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]], [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]], [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] and [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]], as well as loan spells with [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]], [[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] and [[East Kilbride F.C.|East Kilbride]].
==Career==
===Motherwell===
Born in [[Glasgow]],<ref name="Official">{{cite web|url=http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/players/first-team/robert-mchugh/|publisher=Motherwell F.C|access-date=21 February 2014|title=First team: Robert McHugh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109232132/http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/players/first-team/robert-mchugh/|archive-date=9 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> McHugh made his Motherwell debut when he came on as a substitute in a 2–0 win over [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] in May 2008.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/7412293.stm Hibernian 0–2 Motherwell] [[BBC Sport]] – Retrieved 23 December 2008</ref>
McHugh scored his first Motherwell goal when he took the field as a substitute in an 8–1 win over [[KS Flamurtari Vlore|Flamurtari]] in the [[Europa League]] second round, scoring Motherwell's eighth goal in that match.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8164957.stm "Motherwell 8–1 Flamurtari (8–2)"] BBC Sport website (23 July 2009)</ref> He also scored the first goal as Motherwell beat [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C|Inverness CT]] 3–2 after extra time in the third round of the [[Scottish League Cup 2009-10|2009–10 League Cup]].
On 21 January 2011, McHugh joined [[Scottish First Division|First Division]] side [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] on loan until 27 March 2011. However, a broken wrist meant the loan would not happen, and so he stayed at the [[Fir Park]] club.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/sport/thistle-boss-still-seeking-striker-1.1081805|title=Thistle boss still seeking striker|publisher=[[Glasgow Evening Times|Evening Times]]|date=25 January 2011|access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref>
On 26 March 2013, McHugh signed a new two-year contract with Motherwell, lasting until summer 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2013/03/26/mchugh-extends-his-stay/|title=McHugh extends his stay|publisher=[[Motherwell F.C.]]|date=26 March 2013|access-date=26 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235818/http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2013/03/26/mchugh-extends-his-stay/|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 2 June 2015, Motherwell announced that McHugh was amongst the players leaving the club, with his contract having expired.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scott McDonald joins Motherwell exodus as 16 players leave the club|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/motherwell/1322163-scott-mcdonald-joins-motherwell-exodus-as-15-players-leave-the-club/|publisher=STV Sport|date=2 June 2015|access-date=6 June 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055047/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/motherwell/1322163-scott-mcdonald-joins-motherwell-exodus-as-15-players-leave-the-club/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
====Queen of the South (loan)====
On 13 January 2014, McHugh signed a six-month loan with [[Dumfries]] club [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New Loan Signing |url=http://www.qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=2152 |publisher=[[Queen of the South F.C.]] |work=qosfc.com |date=13 January 2014 |access-date=14 January 2014 |archive-date=15 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115170852/http://www.qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=2152 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 3 May 2014, McHugh scored a goal notable amongst supporters of [[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]] by scoring a 95th-minute equaliser for Queen of the South against [[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]]. McHugh's goal sent Cowdenbeath into the relegation play-offs and secured Alloa's place in the [[Scottish Championship|Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cowdenbeath 1–1|url=http://qosfc.com/new_report.aspx?fixtureid=864|publisher=qosfc.com|date=3 May 2014|access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref>
His scoring form continued into the [[2013–14 Scottish Premiership#Premiership Play-offs|Scottish Premiership play-offs]] as he scored both goals in the 2–1 quarter-final first leg home win against [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] on 6 May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Queen of the South 2–1 Falkirk|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27303584|publisher=BBC Sport|date=6 May 2014|access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Four days later he scored in the return leg as Queen of the South were knocked out 4–3 on aggregate after a 3–1 defeat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Falkirk 3–1 Queen of the South|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27326191|publisher=BBC Sport|date=10 May 2014|access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref>
====Airdrieonians (loan)====
On 31 March 2015, McHugh signed for [[Scottish League One]] club [[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bob McHugh joins Airdrie on loan|url=http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2015/03/31/mchugh-joins-airdrie-on-loan/|publisher=Motherwell F.C.|date=31 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114724/http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2015/03/31/mchugh-joins-airdrie-on-loan/|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> He made his debut on 4 April 2015, in a 2–0 win away to [[Stirling Albion F.C.|Stirling Albion]].<ref>{{cite web|title=STIRLING ALBION 0:2 AIRDRIEONIANS|url=http://www.airdriefc.com/reports/2015/04/04|publisher=Airdrieonians F.C.|last=Barrie|first=Douglas|date=4 April 2015|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
===Falkirk===
On 14 July 2015, McHugh signed for [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]], agreeing a two-year contract having played as a trialist for the club in friendlies against [[Drogheda United F.C.|Drogheda United]] and [[Athlone Town F.C.|Athlone Town]], scoring twice in both matches.<ref>{{cite web|title=BOB MCHUGH SIGNS ON|url=http://www.falkirkfc.co.uk/bob-mchugh-signs-on/|publisher=Falkirk F.C.|date=14 July 2015|access-date=14 July 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114148/http://www.falkirkfc.co.uk/bob-mchugh-signs-on/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After his contract ended in May 2017, McHugh was released by the club.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.falkirkfc.co.uk/end-of-season-update/ |title=End of season update |publisher=Falkirk FC |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |archive-date=25 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525230507/http://www.falkirkfc.co.uk/end-of-season-update/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Morton===
McHugh subsequently signed a two-year contract with [[Scottish Championship]] side [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] on 2 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gmfc.net/2017/06/02/bob-mchugh-joins-morton-on-two-year-deal/ |title=Bob McHugh joins Morton on two year deal |first=Jonathan |last=Mitchell |publisher=Greenock Morton FC |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=2 June 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On 10 August 2019, he scored his first career [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in Morton's 4–1 win at home against [[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Morton striker thrilled at first hat-trick|url=https://www.greenocktelegraph.co.uk/sport/17830874.morton-striker-thrilled-first-hat-trick/|publisher=Greenock Telegraph|last=Dodds|first=Christopher|date=13 August 2019|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref>
===Queen's Park===
After a third successful season at [[Cappielow]], McHugh joined the newly professional [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]] in June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://queensparkfc.co.uk/bob-mchugh-joins-the-spiders/|title=Bob McHugh joins the Spiders|publisher=Queen's Park F.C.|work=queensparkfc.co.uk|date=15 June 2020|access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref>
==Career statistics==
{{updated|match played 23 April 2021}} <ref name="RMSW">{{soccerway|robert-mchugh/33340|accessdate=25 October 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
! rowspan=2 | Club
! rowspan=2 | Season
! colspan=3 | League
! colspan=2 | [[Scottish Cup]]
! colspan=2 | [[Scottish League Cup|League Cup]]
! colspan=2 | Other
! colspan=2 | Total
|-
! Division
! Apps
! Goals
! Apps
! Goals
! Apps
! Goals
! Apps
! Goals
! Apps
! Goals
|-
|rowspan="9"|[[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|[[2007–08 Motherwell F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="RM07">{{soccerbase season|49185|2007|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|rowspan="6"|[[Scottish Premier League]]
|1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[2008–09 Motherwell F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="RM08">{{soccerbase season|49185|2008|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|[[2009–10 Motherwell F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="RM09">{{soccerbase season|49185|2009|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="RMSW"/>
|10||0||0||0||2||1||3<ref group=lower-alpha name="UEL">Appearances in the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]]</ref>||1||15||2
|-
|[[2010–11 Motherwell F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="RM10">{{soccerbase season|49185|2010|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="RMSW"/>
|11||0||2||0||1||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha name="UEL"/>||0||17||0
|-
|[[2011–12 Motherwell F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="RM11">{{soccerbase season|49185|2011|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|9||1||1||0||2||0||0||0||12||1
|-
|[[2012–13 Motherwell F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="RM12">{{soccerbase season|49185|2012|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="RMSW"/>
|25||3||1||0||0||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha>One appearance in the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] and two in the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]]</ref>||0||29||3
|-
|[[2013–14 Motherwell F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="RM13">{{soccerbase season|49185|2013|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|[[Scottish Premiership]]
|8||1||1||0||2||1||1<ref group=lower-alpha name="UEL"/>||0||12||2
|-
|[[2014–15 Motherwell F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="RM14">{{soccerbase season|49185|2014|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|4||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!70!!5!!5!!0!!7!!2!!10!!1!!92!!8
|-
|[[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] (loan)
|[[2013–14 Queen of the South F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="RM13"/>
|[[Scottish Championship]]
|13||1||0||0||0||0||2<ref group=lower-alpha>Appearances in the [[2013–14 Scottish Premiership#Premiership play-offs|Premiership play-offs]]</ref>||3||15||4
|-
|[[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] (loan)
|2014–15<ref name="RM14"/>
|[[Scottish League One]]
|5||4||0||0||0||0||0||0||5||4
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|[[2015–16 Falkirk F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="RM15">{{soccerbase season|49185|2015|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="RMSW"/>
|rowspan="2"|[[Scottish Championship]]
|22||6||1||0||2||1||6<ref group=lower-alpha>Two appearances and a goal in the [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]; four appearances and two goals in the [[2015–16 Scottish Premiership#Premiership play-offs|Premiership play-offs]]</ref>||3||31||10
|-
|[[2016–17 Falkirk F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="RM16">{{soccerbase season|49185|2016|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|33||3||1||0||4||1||4<ref group=lower-alpha>Two appearances and two goals in the [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]; two appearances in the [[2016–17 Scottish Premiership#Premiership play-offs|Premiership play-offs]]</ref>||2||42||6
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!55||9||2||0||6||2||10||5||73||16
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]]
|[[2017–18 Scottish Championship|2017–18]]<ref name="RM17">{{soccerbase season|49185|2017|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Scottish Championship]]
|32||4||3||1||4||3||1<ref group=lower-alpha name="SCC">Appearance in the [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]</ref>||0||40||8
|-
|[[2018–19 Scottish Championship|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49185|2018|access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref>
|29||6||3||2||4||2||0||0||36||10
|-
|[[2019–20 Greenock Morton F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49185|2019|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="RMSW"/>
|20||8||2||1||5||3||0||0||27||12
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!81!!18!!8!!4!!13!!8!!1!!0!!103!!30
|-
|[[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
|[[2020–21 Scottish League Two|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|49185|2020|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dundonald Bluebell F.C. 1–3 Queen's Park F.C.|url=https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=250596|website=scottishfa.co.uk|date=28 December 2020|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
|[[Scottish League Two]]
|18||6||2||0||4||0||0||0||24||6
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!252!!43!!17!!4!!30!!12!!23!!9!!312!!68
|}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120105083923/http://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/players/first-team/robert-mchugh/ Robert McHugh profile] at Motherwell FC official website
*{{Soccerbase}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McHugh, Bob}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Airdrieonians F.C. players]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Falkirk F.C. players]]
[[Category:Greenock Morton F.C. players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Motherwell F.C. players]]
[[Category:Queen of the South F.C. players]]
[[Category:Scottish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Scottish Premier League players]]
[[Category:Scottish Professional Football League players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Queen's Park F.C. players]]
[[Category:East Kilbride F.C. players]]
[[Category:Lowland Football League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Scottish sportsmen]]
| 1,305,046,034
|
[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Full name": "Robert McHugh", "Date of birth": "16 July 1991", "Place of birth": "Glasgow, Scotland", "Height": "5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)", "Position(s)": "Striker"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"Current team": "Pollok FC"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "2007\u20132015": "Motherwell \u00b7 70 \u00b7 (5)", "2014": "\u2192 Queen of the South (loan) \u00b7 13 \u00b7 (1)", "2015": "\u2192 Airdrieonians (loan) \u00b7 5 \u00b7 (4)", "2015\u20132017": "Falkirk \u00b7 55 \u00b7 (9)", "2017\u20132020": "Greenock Morton \u00b7 81 \u00b7 (18)", "2020\u20132022": "Queen's Park \u00b7 51 \u00b7 (14)", "2022\u20132023": "East Kilbride \u00b7 0 \u00b7 (0)", "2023-2025": "St Cadoc's", "2025-": "Pollok \u00b7 4 \u00b7 (1)"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"2007\u20132008": "Scotland U17 \u00b7 8 \u00b7 (2)", "2009\u20132010": "Scotland U19 \u00b7 6 \u00b7 (2)"}}]
| false
|
"# Aubrey Dollar\nAubrey Dollar is an American actress. She is known for playing Marina Cooper on th(...TRUNCATED)
|
enwiki/2555812
|
enwiki
| 2,555,812
|
Aubrey Dollar
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_Dollar
|
2025-08-10T14:19:26Z
|
en
|
Q454272
| 60,956
| "{{Short description|American actress|}}\n{{Infobox person\n| image = \n| birth_date = <!-- V(...TRUNCATED)
| 1,305,177,153
| "[{\"title\": \"Aubrey Dollar\", \"data\": {\"Born\": \"Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.\", \"Education(...TRUNCATED)
| false
|
"# Clic Air\nClic Air (formerly known as EasyFly and officially Empresa Aérea de Servicios y Facili(...TRUNCATED)
|
enwiki/15126759
|
enwiki
| 15,126,759
|
Clic Air
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clic_Air
|
2025-08-12T18:19:28Z
|
en
|
Q1278338
| 99,673
| "{{Short description|Low-cost airline of Colombia}}\n{{Distinguish|Clickair|EasyJet}}\n{{Infobox air(...TRUNCATED)
| 1,305,548,169
| "[{\"title\": \"Clic Air\", \"data\": {\"IATA\": \"ICAO \\u00b7 Call sign\", \"VE\": \"EFY \\u00b7 E(...TRUNCATED)
| false
|
"# Giorgi Japaridze\nGiorgi Japaridze (also spelled Giorgie Dzhaparidze) is a Georgian-American rese(...TRUNCATED)
|
enwiki/1866981
|
enwiki
| 1,866,981
|
Giorgi Japaridze
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgi_Japaridze
|
2025-01-30T02:43:19Z
|
en
|
Q5563424
| 92,923
| "{{Multiple issues|\n{{Notability|1=Academics|date=June 2023}}\n{{Primary sources|date=June 2023}}\n(...TRUNCATED)
| 1,272,752,834
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[]
| false
|
This is a sampled subset of HuggingFaceFW/finewiki containing approximately 1,000,000,332 tokens.
This dataset was created using reservoir sampling, which ensures:
The sampling algorithm:
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("codelion/finewiki-1B")
# Access the training data
for example in dataset['train']:
print(example['text'])
print(example['title'])
print(example['url'])
Each example contains all fields from the original FineWiki dataset:
This sampled dataset is ideal for:
If you use this model/dataset, please cite:
@article{sharma2025billion,
title={The 1 Billion Token Challenge: Finding the Perfect Pre-training Mix},
author={Sharma, Asankhaya},
year={2025},
url={https://huggingface.co/blog/codelion/optimal-dataset-mixing/}
}
For more details, see the blog post.
Apache 2.0 (same as original FineWiki dataset)
CodeLion
For questions or issues, please open an issue on the dataset repository.