Yusuf5/OpenCaselistLI · Datasets at Hugging Face

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8,446	1,976,069	58,246	TOC---RD 6	1AC	1AC---Court Clog	Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research	Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/	Hues 17	10,845	5	3,021	1
8,449	1,977,805	58,294	1AC	1AC	1AC---Court Clog	Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research	Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/	Hues 17 Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals	10,845	5	3,021	1
8,450	1,979,158	58,336	TOC---Octas	1AC	1AC---Court Clog	Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research	Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/	Hues 17	10,845	5	3,021	1
6,352	2,705,634	85,943	1NC	OFF	OFF	USFG is the three branches.	USLegal 09 (definitions.uslegal.com/u/united=states=federal=government, September 23 2009)	USLegal 09	1,172	1,036	741	1
6,580	2,711,491	86,002	1NC	OFF	OFF	USFG is the three branches.	USLegal 09 (definitions.uslegal.com/u/united=states=federal=government, September 23 2009)	USLegal 09	1,172	1,036	741	1
8,597	451,952	5,838	Resolved:	null	Resolved = Firm Decision/Certainty	Resolved means certainty	OED 89 (Oxford English Dictionary, “Resolved,” Volume 13, p. 725)	OED 89	6,544	111	72	1
3,708	243,563	3,048	Abolition Index	*Impacts*	Impact—Self-Defense Criminalization	Policing produces the archetype of the queer criminal that bars queer and trans people from the right to self-defense	Mogul 12 [Joey L., Director of the Civil Rights Clinic at DePaul University College of Law, QUEER (IN)JUSTICE: THE CRIMINALIZATION OF LGBT PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES]	Mogul 12 ]	158,317	2	4,578	1
4,290	16,542	313	Aff Answers	AT: Cap/Security/Etc	Space Impact---1AR	Capitalist space development solves extinction.	Nelson ’20 [Peter Lothian and Walter Block; 2020; professional engineer; Space Capitalism: How Humans will Colonize Planets, Moons, and Asteroids, Palgrave McMillan, ch. 1-2]	Nelson ’20	12,824	7	3,140	1
5,280	1,782,506	52,415	2NC	2NC---Ukraine	Yes link	Promise of enlargement allows NATO to be a common anchor for alied coalitions	Bruno Tertrais 20, Deputy Director at the Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS), Paris, “NATO is doing fine, but the Atlantic Alliance is in trouble” NATO at 70: No Time to Retire, NDC Research Paper, NATO Defense College, No. 08, Jan 2020, http://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1414 The false narrative of enlargement	Tertrais 20, Deputy Director at the Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS), Paris, “NATO is doing fine, but the Atlantic Alliance is in trouble” NATO at 70: No Time to Retire, NDC Research Paper, NATO Defense College, No. 08, Jan 2020, http://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1414	780,765	7	2,757	0
5,670	2,590,121	82,970	1NC	null	Case	Current political science already communicates to influence policymakers, but the aff distinguishes scenario analysis from predictions and simulations by inserting the Alt as an exogenous variable to create deliberate discontinuity – our forward-looking counterfactual can overturn entrenched assumptions and shift the funnel of choices and overcome cognitive and confirmation bias problems with retrospective models.	Barma et al. 16 (Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorber, JD from UPenn and PhD in Political Science from Duke, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Rachel Whitlark, PhD in Political Science from GWU, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Project on Managing the Atom and International Security Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, May 2016. “‘Imagine a World in Which’: Using Scenarios in Political Science,” International Studies Perspectives 17 (2), pp. 1-19, http://www.naazneenbarma.com/uploads/2/9/6/9/29695681/using_scenarios_in_political_science_isp_2015.pdf)	Barma et al. 16	1,569	2,115	17,133	1
1,125	1,869,318	55,016	1NC VS Kamiak	Case	1NC – Crime Turn	Turn – mandatory minimums stop crime – prefer empirics	Bernick and Larkin 2014. Evan Bernick is a Visiting Fellow in, and Paul J. Larkin, Jr., is Senior Legal Research Fellow in, the Edwin Meese III Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation. “Reconsidering Mandatory Minimum Sentences: The Arguments for and Against Potential Reforms” Heritage Foundation Legal Memorandum no. 114 February 10, 2014. <http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2014/pdf/LM114.pdf> Accessed 6/24/20. ARJH	Bernick and Larkin 2014.	52,080	7	1,247	0
5,258	2,820,646	89,363	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
7,966	2,825,290	89,385	null	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
7,988	2,829,650	89,348	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,035	2,823,255	89,573	1AC	Alliance Discipline	null	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,079	2,824,334	89,485	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,198	2,826,449	89,341	null	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,254	2,826,865	89,370	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
3,847	2,828,358	89,401	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
4,602	2,822,605	89,406	null	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,338	2,823,315	89,569	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,980	2,829,785	89,438	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,983	2,830,361	89,574	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
7,050	2,831,703	89,672	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
7,084	2,832,462	89,522	1AC	null	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
7,370	2,675,727	84,820	null	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
3,619	2,836,266	89,636	null	1AC	Contention One is Alliance Discipline	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
5,209	3,923,258	131,595	null	null	ADV 1 Camo Economy	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,178	2,820,391	89,337	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,193	2,822,618	89,390	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,207	2,823,944	89,389	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,210	2,826,861	89,365	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,216	2,828,310	89,378	1AC	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,218	2,829,264	89,565	1AC	Alliance Discipline	null	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,221	2,832,142	89,430	null	1AC	1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
2,224	2,834,021	89,521	1AC	Alliance Discipline	null	Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.	Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)	Porter 19	6,347	160	6,277	0
6,401	2,646,848	84,010	1ar	deterrence	at: link	at: Rabin – lasers, ground-based weapons/BMD, cyber, and jamming capabilities all solve – that’s Heiginobotham	Rabkin 17 [Jeremy Professor of Law at George Mason University; and John Yoo, Professor of Law at the University of California-Berkeley, 2017, Striking Power: How Cyber, Robots, and Space Weapons Change the Rules of War]	Rabkin 17 ]	340,700	154	5,849	0
3,739	1,973,449	58,169	2AC	CIL	1AC---Solvency	1) Legal Language DA---courts can review statutory language but CANNOT create new standards for the DOJ	Miller 1. Joseph R. Miller – J.D. expected at the time of writing, University of Kentucky. “Federal Money Laundering Crimes-Should Direct Tracing of Funds Be Required?” KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 90. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1463&context=klj	Miller 1.	839,643	27	4,187	1
3,755	1,978,394	58,304	null	2AC	CP Courts	1) Legal Language DA---courts can review statutory language but CANNOT create new standards for the DOJ	Miller 1. Joseph R. Miller – J.D. expected at the time of writing, University of Kentucky. “Federal Money Laundering Crimes-Should Direct Tracing of Funds Be Required?” KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 90. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1463&context=klj	Miller 1.	839,643	27	4,187	1
6,377	3,317,726	109,464	null	null	1AC	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
6,379	3,318,989	109,313	null	1AC	Contention 2: Solvency	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
6,387	3,315,232	109,381	null	1AC	Contention 2: Solvency	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
6,392	3,319,475	109,539	null	null	null	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
2,206	3,310,432	109,060	null	1AC	Contention 2: Solvency	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
2,208	3,313,831	109,074	null	1AC	Contention 2: Solvency	3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15	(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)	null	72,747	63	569	1
4,081	1,553,119	44,598	1NC	1	K	The west operates on a consumption of images of pain – the aff trades the suffering of others for a ballot, sustaining a system in its death throes.	Baudrillard 94 – Jean Baudrillard, dead French philosopher, former professor emeritus at the University de Paris X, The Illusion of The End, pg. 66-70, Agastya	Baudrillard 94	1,240,486	375	9,756	0
8,107	3,093,103	100,849	null	2nc esr	2NC—Binding—Congress	3. congress won’t roll it back	Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)	Fine, 12	223,387	19	1,337	0
218	3,074,924	100,481	Block	ESR	Adv 2	3. congress won’t roll it back	Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)	Fine, 12	223,387	19	1,337	0
244	3,081,340	100,506	2NC	ESR	2NC—Binding—Congress	3. congress won’t roll it back	Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)	Fine, 12	223,387	19	1,337	0
246	3,101,215	100,896	null	2NC ESR	2NC—Binding—Congress	3. congress won’t roll it back	Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)	Fine, 12	223,387	19	1,337	0
3,044	2,536,563	81,818	1nc---round 8	Adv 1	1nc---at: BMD	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14	Gertz 14	1,098,908	27	7,813	0
3,045	2,536,675	81,818	2nc---case	2nc—at: add-on	2nc---at: BMD	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14	Gertz 14	1,098,908	27	7,813	0
6,114	2,490,626	80,722	Off case	null	BMD DA	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	1,098,908	27	7,576	0
6,145	2,457,019	80,041	1NC	1NC	1NC – SpaceMil	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	1,098,908	27	7,576	0
6,147	2,462,198	80,137	1NR	BMD DA	2NC – Link Wall	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	1,098,908	27	7,576	0
6,173	2,461,380	80,127	1NC	Off	1NC — BMD DA	ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development	Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)	1,098,908	27	7,576	0
779	2,452,530	79,940	1AC – STM	1AC – Assurances	null	China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.	Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19	Chow 18	1,093,486	350	2,952	1
781	2,453,546	79,964	null	1AC	Adv	China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.	Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19	Chow 18	1,093,486	350	2,952	1
4,985	2,455,892	80,012	1AC – STM	1AC – Assurances	null	China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.	Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19	Chow 18	1,093,486	350	2,952	1
5,233	2,447,801	79,815	*1AC*	null	1AC Solvency	China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.	Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19	Chow 18	1,093,486	350	2,952	1
2,417	348,863	4,447	Gender K	LINKS	BITCOIN	There is a big gap in the amount of females and males in Bitcoin, which causes males to assume their dominance in the economy and business	Castillo 13 (Andrea, Research Associate at the Mercatus Center at George Mason Unversity and PhD student in economics at GMU, June 18, 2013, “The Goddess of Gender Gaps”, https://theumlaut.com/2013/06/18/the-goddess-of-the-gender-gaps/)	Castillo 13	222,487	1	4,088	0
1,515	363,259	4,743	Answers to Ks	Defense of Science decision making	Link uniqueness – take out	IOOS prerequisite to your alt – social networking	Willis and Manley, 2010 (Zdenka, Director, Integrated Ocean Observing System Program, NOAA and Justin, Director, Scientiﬁc and Commercial Business, Liquid Robotics, Inc., Marine Technology Society Journal Volume 44, Number 6, November/December 2010 )	Willis and Manley, 2010 )	231,425	1	912	0
9,975	1,635,918	48,964	null	turkey	link	Even small disputes snowball – Erdogan is incapable of compartmentalizing issues	Robert Farley 20, PhD, Professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, “World War III Cometh: These Are 2020s 5 Most Dangerous Hotspots”, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/world-war-iii-cometh-these-are-2020s-5-most-dangerous-hotspots-145782	Farley 20	19,142	40	1,114	1
3,018	362,209	4,734	1NC	ABB Case	1NC Leadership Frontline	5. No relationship between US capabilities and peace	Fettweis 10 – Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College. [Christopher J. Fettweis, “Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 2 April 2010 , pages 59 – 82//informaworld]	Fettweis 10	67,081	48	2,005	1
8,501	254,470	3,182	Miscalculation Advantage Extensions	Solvency – communication stops escalation	Impact extensions – escalation conventional war	US-China conventional war would go nuclear – multiple reasons escalation cycle triggered through lack of information	Talmadge 16 (Caitlin, Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, “Preventing Nuclear Escalation in U.S.-China Conflict,” Institute for Security and Conflict Studies, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/china_policy_brief_talmadge.pdf, accessed 7/15/16 – DDI SP)	Talmadge 16 (Caitlin, Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, “Preventing Nuclear Escalation in U.S.-China Conflict,” Institute for Security and Conflict Studies, , accessed 7/15/16 – DDI SP)	71,002	128	3,270	1
4,042	2,638,031	83,729	1NR	Debris Adv	2nc – o/v	Biodiversity decline causes extinction – most qualified evidence	Diaz 19 (Sandra Díaz, professor of ecology at the National University of Córdoba; Josef Settele, Research Scientist, Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research; Eduardo S. Brondizio, Distinguished Professor, Anthropology, Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography and School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Director, Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Faculty Associate: Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Individualized Major Program, Native Studies Program, Food Studies Program, External Professor: University of Campinas, Center for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, Co-Chair, Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Indiana University Bloomington; also there are like 40 ecologists who wrote this report; “Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services – unedited advance version”, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019, https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/summary_for_policymakers_ipbes_global_assessment.pdf)	Diaz 19	518,552	5	7,020	1
8,176	2,574,137	82,691	1nr v Dartmouth MS	Debris (dev)	Ov	Biodiversity decline causes extinction – most qualified evidence	Diaz 19 (Sandra Díaz, professor of ecology at the National University of Córdoba; Josef Settele, Research Scientist, Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research; Eduardo S. Brondizio, Distinguished Professor, Anthropology, Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography and School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Director, Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Faculty Associate: Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Individualized Major Program, Native Studies Program, Food Studies Program, External Professor: University of Campinas, Center for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, Co-Chair, Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Indiana University Bloomington; also there are like 40 ecologists who wrote this report; “Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services – unedited advance version”, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019, https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/summary_for_policymakers_ipbes_global_assessment.pdf)	Diaz 19 )	518,552	5	7,020	1
8,587	2,368,234	75,516	1nc	1	null	Their drive for the development of skills and endless improvement causes repetition compulsion – the death drive gives our politics meaning.	Taubman 17 Peter Taubman (Department of Secondary Education @ Brooklyn College, CUNY), 2017, “DEATH BY NUMBERS: A RESPONSE TO BACKER, SARIGIANIDES, AND STILLWAGGON,” Educational Theory, 67(1), 97–106, doi:10.1111/edth.12230, SJBE, brackets in original text	Taubman 17 , brackets in original text	160,539	17	10,981	0
681	2,376,537	75,862	null	1	null	Their drive for the development of skills and endless improvement causes repetition compulsion – the death drive gives our politics meaning.	Taubman 17 Peter Taubman (Department of Secondary Education @ Brooklyn College, CUNY), 2017, “DEATH BY NUMBERS: A RESPONSE TO BACKER, SARIGIANIDES, AND STILLWAGGON,” Educational Theory, 67(1), 97–106, doi:10.1111/edth.12230, SJBE, brackets in original text	Taubman 17 , brackets in original text	160,539	17	10,981	0
9,162	561,773	8,553	Aff	Advantage 1: is space debris	The second impact of space debris is nuclear war	If satellites are knocked out from collisions, deterrence is thrown out the window and war goes nuclear magnifying the impact of debris collisions	Johnson 14 [Les, Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites.] brett	Johnson 14	339,331	303	1,879	1
9,164	561,796	8,554	Aff	Contention 1: is space debris	The impact of space debris is nuclear war	If satellites are knocked out from collisions, deterrence is thrown out the window and war goes nuclear magnifying the impact of debris collisions	Johnson 14 [Les, Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites.] brett	Johnson 14	339,331	303	1,879	1
8,329	1,319,306	33,899	2NC	null	Case	You should presume the falseness of any 1AC truth claim because we did not have the opportunity to research and test it. We shouldn't have to predict and disprove something we cant' predict.	Dame and Gedmin 13 John Dame, Chief Executive Officer of Dame Management Strategies, and Jeffrey Gedmin, Chief Executive Officer of the Legatum Institute, 2013 (“Three Tips For Overcoming Your Blind Spots,” Harvard Business Review blog, October 2nd, Available Online at http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/10/three-tips-for-overcoming-your-blind-spots/, Accessed 10-10-2013)	Dame and Gedmin 13	122,931	45	1,871	1
1,412	3,056,282	99,949	1AC	1AC	1AC	The Western monopoly over nuclear weapons is used to sustain global imperialism through the invasion and coercion of non-nuclear nations for strategic interests	Gerson 07 (Dr. Joseph Gerson, AFSC’s disarmament coordinator, director of programs in New England, and as director of the Peace and Economic Security Program, received his PhD in Politics and International Security Studies from the Union Institute and College, 2007. “Deadly Connections: Empire and Nuclear Weapons.” Chapter 1 from Empire and the Bomb: How the US Uses Nuclear Weapons to Dominate the World. https://epfwny.org/Convention/GersonChap1web.pdf)	Gerson 07	383,437	114	66,733	0
3,809	3,063,694	99,909	1AC	1AC	1AC	The Western monopoly over nuclear weapons is used to sustain global imperialism through the invasion and coercion of non-nuclear nations for strategic interests	Gerson 07 (Dr. Joseph Gerson, AFSC’s disarmament coordinator, director of programs in New England, and as director of the Peace and Economic Security Program, received his PhD in Politics and International Security Studies from the Union Institute and College, 2007. “Deadly Connections: Empire and Nuclear Weapons.” Chapter 1 from Empire and the Bomb: How the US Uses Nuclear Weapons to Dominate the World. https://epfwny.org/Convention/GersonChap1web.pdf)	Gerson 07	383,437	114	66,733	0
3,766	1,810,887	53,239	1NR	Link	At: Link Turn	Perception of US defense in eastern states – aff reduces	null	null	820,292	1	null	0
3,086	3,850,332	128,224	1NC	1NC	1NC — Regional Diplomacy Advantage	B) Collapse of ROK alliance causes South Korean proliferation and makes domino effect likely.	Yang 11 — Zie-eun Yang, M.A. Candidate in Security Studies at Georgetown University, 2011 (“South Korea’s Nuclear Decision,” Submitted to Georgetown University, April 15th, Accessible Online at https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553432/YangZieeun.pdf?sequence=1, Accessed On 07-27-2016)	Yang 11	170,153	6	1,217	1
8,956	1,589,052	45,981	null	1	null	Instability causes global war	Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)	Mead 13	3,268	319	4,402	1
9,134	3,954,531	133,089	King R1 – 1NC v Sequoia AS	3	null	Instability causes global war	Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)	Mead 13	3,268	319	4,402	1
2,050	1,555,576	44,692	1NC	null	5	Instability causes global war	Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)	Mead 13	3,268	319	4,402	1
2,058	1,566,090	45,152	null	null	1NC—DA	Instability causes global war	Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)	Mead 13	3,268	319	4,817	1
6,244	3,894,210	130,167	1nc r1 Palm Classic	Off	5	Instability causes global war	Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)	Mead 13	3,268	319	4,402	1
4,080	145,934	1,964	CNDI 2018 -- Neoliberalism K Updates	Impact	Economic Stagnation	Neoliberalism causes economic stagnation – deregulation, inequality, and loans eventually necessitate collapse.	Smith ’17(Yves Smith graduated from Harvard Business School and created an American and Financial News Analysis Blog, “Why Extreme Inequality Causes Economic Collapse”, Naked Capitalism, 2/18/17, https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2017/02/extreme-inequality-causes-economic-collapse.html)	Smith ’17	96,688	10	6,671	1
6,667	2,427,396	78,881	Capitalism K	Impacts	Economic Stagnation	Neoliberalism causes economic stagnation – deregulation, inequality, and loans eventually necessitate collapse.	Smith ’17(Yves Smith graduated from Harvard Business School and created an American and Financial News Analysis Blog, “Why Extreme Inequality Causes Economic Collapse”, Naked Capitalism, 2/18/17, https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2017/02/extreme-inequality-causes-economic-collapse.html)	Smith ’17	96,688	10	6,671	1
2,763	259,970	3,284	Aff	Impacts	AT: Terrorism Impact	Major terror attacks unlikely—their impact is political hype	Walt 13 - Professor of international relations @ Harvard University [Stephen M. Walt, “The Embarrassing Debate Over the 'War on Terror' Foreign Policy, DECEMBER 4, 2013, pg. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/12/04/the_embarrassing_debate_over_the_war_on_terror#sthash.Io11bI7s.dpuf	Walt 13	168,474	1	3,604	1
187	215,505	2,796	neg	state spending da answers	link turn	Spending on education decreases the cost of medicaid – cp solves back for the da	NPP, 13 (The National Priorities Project (NPP) inspires individuals and movements to take action so our federal resources prioritize peace, shared prosperity, and economic security for all, “Spend More on Education to Save on Health Care: Millennial Perspective,” December 02 2013, https://www.nationalpriorities.org/blog/2013/12/02/spend-more-education-save-health-care-millennial-perspective/ ///ghs-sc)	NPP, 13	141,347	3	3,229	0
9,275	2,386,791	76,300	1AC	Advocacy	null	CV alters how candidates’ campaign, resisting oppression regardless of outcomes.	Brooks et al 2 Cornell William Brooks [an American lawyer and activist. He was chosen to be the president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in May 2014] “Lift Every Voice The Urgency of Universal Civic Duty Voting” The Brookings Institution, July 24, 2020.	Brooks et al 2	356,580	184	2,711	1
4,395	2,537,069	81,834	2ac	off	japan da---2ac	crisis stability advantage turns the link	Christopher Fabian 19, MS in Space Studies, University of North Dakota, May 2019, “A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy,” https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456&context=theses	Fabian 19	4,770	424	1,715	0
4,657	2,539,776	81,897	2ac	off	japan da---2ac	crisis stability advantage turns the link	Christopher Fabian 19, MS in Space Studies, University of North Dakota, May 2019, “A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy,” https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456&context=theses	Fabian 19	4,770	424	1,715	0
1,151	1,025,282	24,737	1nr	Bizcon	Link	***Expanding antitrust law in IP deletes certainty, detonating a doctrinal atom bomb.	Sipe ’17 [Matthew; December of 2016, published in the 2017 edition; J.D. at Yale Law School; American University Law Review, “Patents v. Antitrust: Preempting Conflict,” Vol. 66]	Sipe ’17	487,073	15	7,664	0
8,725	1,041,546	25,197	2NC	Econ	2nc link wall	***Expanding antitrust law in IP deletes certainty, detonating a doctrinal atom bomb.	Sipe ’17 [Matthew; December of 2016, published in the 2017 edition; J.D. at Yale Law School; American University Law Review, “Patents v. Antitrust: Preempting Conflict,” Vol. 66]	Sipe ’17	487,073	15	7,664	0
3,089	438,342	5,608	Cuban Embargo Negative KQ – Relations/Sugar	1NC	1NC relations	3. There will be NO proliferation without the plan – attempts to prevent will enable it	Mueller, Chair of National Secuirty Studies and Prof of Poli Sci at Ohio State, Winner of the Lepgold Prize for the best book on International Relations in 2004 awarded by Gtown, ‘9 (John, Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism From Hiroshima To Al-Qaeda, p. xii-xiii)	Mueller ‘9	267,732	5	1,584	1
1,898	264,717	3,311	*Impacts*	=== Iran Deal ===	Prolif Impact – 2NC	Iran deal collapse causes mass proliferation.	Borger 14. [Julian, Guardian's diplomatic editor, “A nuclear deal with Iran would mean a less volatile world” The Guardian -- December 31 -- http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]	Borger 14	171,429	23	3,267	1
1,900	289,588	3,664	**Impact	null	Impact – Iran Prolif	Iran deal collapse causes mass proliferation.	Borger 14. [Julian, Guardian's diplomatic editor, “A nuclear deal with Iran would mean a less volatile world” The Guardian -- December 31 -- http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]	Borger 14 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]	171,429	23	3,267	1
1,819	11,404	218	Aff Answers	Impact Answers	No Impact --- AT Cohesion	Nato cohesion impacts are empirically disproven.	Mishra 6/6/22 [Pankaj Mishra is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist. He is author, most recently, of “Run and Hide.”; “Western ‘Unity’ Is Making the Ukraine War Worse”; The Washington Post; June 6, 2022; https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/western-unityis-making-the-ukraine-war-worse/2022/06/05/9d5b85fe-e4a5-11ec-ae64-6b23e5155b62_story.html]//eleanor	Mishra 6/6/22 [Pankaj Mishra is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist. He is author, most recently, of “Run and Hide.”; “Western ‘Unity’ Is Making the Ukraine War Worse”; The Washington Post; June 6, 2022; https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/western-unityis-making-the-ukraine-war-worse/2022/06/05/9d5b85fe-e4a5-11ec-ae64-6b23e5155b62_story.html]//eleanor	8,777	1	611	1
484	773,443	18,045	1nc	Off	1nc cp	Plan collapses treaty cred and ilaw but the cp doesn’t – it’s stable now	Wells C. Bennett 10-15, Fellow in National Security Law at the Brookings Institution; and John Walsh, Senior Associate at the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), focused on drug policy reforms that protect human rights, public health and public safety, 10/15/14, “Marijuana Legalization is an Opportunity to Modernize International Drug Treaties,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2014/10/15%20marijuana%20legalization%20modernize%20drug%20treaties%20bennett%20walsh/cepmmjlegalizationv4.pdf	Bennett 10-15	629,881	53	4,965	0
9,179	53,151	895	Federalism DA	Links – Generic	Link – Preemption	Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power	Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)	Behnke 17	36,942	4	1,589	0
2,722	1,137,250	28,127	2NC	States	1NC---Advantage 1	Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power	Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)	Behnke 17	36,942	4	1,589	0
2,723	1,145,954	28,198	1NR	Federalism	2NC---No Infra Collapse/Water Supply	Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power	Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)	Behnke 17	36,942	4	1,589	0
9,605	1,128,215	27,849	Block	Off-Case	1NR – Fism DA	Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power	Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)	Behnke 17	36,942	4	1,589	0
9,399	856,843	20,475	null	SK DA	SK Assurance: 2AC SK Prolif D	South Korea cant and wont proliferate – political, economic, and security costs outweigh	Peter Hayes 15, Professor, Center for International Security Studies, Sydney University, Australia and Director, Nautilus Institute in Berkeley, California, and Chung-in Moon, professor of political science at Yonsei University and Ambassador for International Security Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Republic of Korea. “The War that Must Never be Fought, Chapter 13: Korea: Will South Korea’s Non-Nuclear Strategy Defeat North Korea’s Nuclear Breakout?”, https://books.google.com/books?id=-yVpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT241	Hayes 15	66,384	47	12,045	1

8,446

1,976,069

58,246

TOC---RD 6

1AC

1AC---Court Clog

Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research

Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/

Hues 17

10,845

5

3,021

1

8,449

1,977,805

58,294

1AC

1AC---Court Clog

Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research

Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/

Hues 17 Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals

10,845

5

3,021

1

8,450

1,979,158

58,336

TOC---Octas

1AC

1AC---Court Clog

Uniquely true for biomedical innovation---patent protections are key to reach consumers and generate revenue---anything less risks inventions dying at the point of research

Joris Hues 17, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office AMC, Academic Medical Center, “Importance of intellectual property generated by biomedical research at universities and academic hospitals,” Mary 24, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881943/

Hues 17

10,845

5

3,021

1

6,352

2,705,634

85,943

1NC

OFF

USFG is the three branches.

USLegal 09 (definitions.uslegal.com/u/united=states=federal=government, September 23 2009)

USLegal 09

1,172

1,036

741

1

6,580

2,711,491

86,002

1NC

OFF

USFG is the three branches.

USLegal 09 (definitions.uslegal.com/u/united=states=federal=government, September 23 2009)

USLegal 09

1,172

1,036

741

1

8,597

451,952

5,838

Resolved:

null

Resolved = Firm Decision/Certainty

Resolved means certainty

OED 89 (Oxford English Dictionary, “Resolved,” Volume 13, p. 725)

OED 89

6,544

111

72

1

3,708

243,563

3,048

Abolition Index

***Impacts***

Impact—Self-Defense Criminalization

Policing produces the archetype of the queer criminal that bars queer and trans people from the right to self-defense

Mogul 12 [Joey L., Director of the Civil Rights Clinic at DePaul University College of Law, QUEER (IN)JUSTICE: THE CRIMINALIZATION OF LGBT PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES]

Mogul 12 ]

158,317

2

4,578

1

4,290

16,542

313

Aff Answers

AT: Cap/Security/Etc

Space Impact---1AR

Capitalist space development solves extinction.

Nelson ’20 [Peter Lothian and Walter Block; 2020; professional engineer; Space Capitalism: How Humans will Colonize Planets, Moons, and Asteroids, Palgrave McMillan, ch. 1-2]

Nelson ’20

12,824

7

3,140

1

5,280

1,782,506

52,415

2NC

2NC---Ukraine

Yes link

Promise of enlargement allows NATO to be a common anchor for alied coalitions

Bruno Tertrais 20, Deputy Director at the Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS), Paris, “NATO is doing fine, but the Atlantic Alliance is in trouble” NATO at 70: No Time to Retire, NDC Research Paper, NATO Defense College, No. 08, Jan 2020, http://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1414 The false narrative of enlargement

Tertrais 20, Deputy Director at the Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS), Paris, “NATO is doing fine, but the Atlantic Alliance is in trouble” NATO at 70: No Time to Retire, NDC Research Paper, NATO Defense College, No. 08, Jan 2020, http://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1414

780,765

7

2,757

0

5,670

2,590,121

82,970

1NC

null

Case

Current political science already communicates to influence policymakers, but the aff distinguishes scenario analysis from predictions and simulations by inserting the Alt as an exogenous variable to create deliberate discontinuity – our forward-looking counterfactual can overturn entrenched assumptions and shift the funnel of choices and overcome cognitive and confirmation bias problems with retrospective models.

Barma et al. 16 (Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorber, JD from UPenn and PhD in Political Science from Duke, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Rachel Whitlark, PhD in Political Science from GWU, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Project on Managing the Atom and International Security Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, May 2016. “‘Imagine a World in Which’: Using Scenarios in Political Science,” International Studies Perspectives 17 (2), pp. 1-19, http://www.naazneenbarma.com/uploads/2/9/6/9/29695681/using_scenarios_in_political_science_isp_2015.pdf)

Barma et al. 16

1,569

2,115

17,133

1

1,125

1,869,318

55,016

1NC VS Kamiak

Case

1NC – Crime Turn

Turn – mandatory minimums stop crime – prefer empirics

Bernick and Larkin 2014. Evan Bernick is a Visiting Fellow in, and Paul J. Larkin, Jr., is Senior Legal Research Fellow in, the Edwin Meese III Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation. “Reconsidering Mandatory Minimum Sentences: The Arguments for and Against Potential Reforms” Heritage Foundation Legal Memorandum no. 114 February 10, 2014. <http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2014/pdf/LM114.pdf> Accessed 6/24/20. ARJH

Bernick and Larkin 2014.

52,080

7

1,247

0

5,258

2,820,646

89,363

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

7,966

2,825,290

89,385

null

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

7,988

2,829,650

89,348

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,035

2,823,255

89,573

1AC

Alliance Discipline

null

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,079

2,824,334

89,485

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,198

2,826,449

89,341

null

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,254

2,826,865

89,370

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

3,847

2,828,358

89,401

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

4,602

2,822,605

89,406

null

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,338

2,823,315

89,569

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,980

2,829,785

89,438

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,983

2,830,361

89,574

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

7,050

2,831,703

89,672

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

7,084

2,832,462

89,522

1AC

null

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

7,370

2,675,727

84,820

null

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

3,619

2,836,266

89,636

null

1AC

Contention One is Alliance Discipline

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

5,209

3,923,258

131,595

null

ADV 1 Camo Economy

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,178

2,820,391

89,337

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,193

2,822,618

89,390

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,207

2,823,944

89,389

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,210

2,826,861

89,365

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,216

2,828,310

89,378

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,218

2,829,264

89,565

1AC

Alliance Discipline

null

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,221

2,832,142

89,430

null

1AC

1AC — Alliance Discipline Advantage

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

2,224

2,834,021

89,521

1AC

Alliance Discipline

null

Failure to exert alliance discipline on Saudi Arabia and the UAE risks conflict spirals and escalation.

Porter 19 — Patrick Porter, Professor of International Security and Strategy at the University of Birmingham (UK), Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London (UK), holds a D.Phil. in Modern History from Magdalen College Oxford (UK), 2019 (“Advice for a Dark Age: Managing Great Power Competition,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 1, Spring, p. 16-18)

Porter 19

6,347

160

6,277

0

6,401

2,646,848

84,010

1ar

deterrence

at: link

at: Rabin – lasers, ground-based weapons/BMD, cyber, and jamming capabilities all solve – that’s Heiginobotham

Rabkin 17 [Jeremy Professor of Law at George Mason University; and John Yoo, Professor of Law at the University of California-Berkeley, 2017, Striking Power: How Cyber, Robots, and Space Weapons Change the Rules of War]

Rabkin 17 ]

340,700

154

5,849

0

3,739

1,973,449

58,169

2AC

CIL

1AC---Solvency

1) Legal Language DA---courts can review statutory language but CANNOT create new standards for the DOJ

Miller 1. Joseph R. Miller – J.D. expected at the time of writing, University of Kentucky. “Federal Money Laundering Crimes-Should Direct Tracing of Funds Be Required?” KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 90. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1463&context=klj

Miller 1.

839,643

27

4,187

1

3,755

1,978,394

58,304

null

2AC

CP Courts

1) Legal Language DA---courts can review statutory language but CANNOT create new standards for the DOJ

Miller 1. Joseph R. Miller – J.D. expected at the time of writing, University of Kentucky. “Federal Money Laundering Crimes-Should Direct Tracing of Funds Be Required?” KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL, Volume 90. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1463&context=klj

Miller 1.

839,643

27

4,187

1

6,377

3,317,726

109,464

null

1AC

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

6,379

3,318,989

109,313

null

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

6,387

3,315,232

109,381

null

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

6,392

3,319,475

109,539

null

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

2,206

3,310,432

109,060

null

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

2,208

3,313,831

109,074

null

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

3. Continued assistance prevents coalition exhaustion- they won’t negotiate as long as we supply – arms sales eliminate pressure for peace Foreign Policy 15

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/10/flexing-new-powers-congress-to-review-arms-shipments-to-saudi-arabia/, 12-10)

null

72,747

63

569

1

4,081

1,553,119

44,598

1NC

1

K

The west operates on a consumption of images of pain – the aff trades the suffering of others for a ballot, sustaining a system in its death throes.

Baudrillard 94 – Jean Baudrillard, dead French philosopher, former professor emeritus at the University de Paris X, The Illusion of The End, pg. 66-70, Agastya

Baudrillard 94

1,240,486

375

9,756

0

8,107

3,093,103

100,849

null

2nc esr

2NC—Binding—Congress

3. congress won’t roll it back

Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)

Fine, 12

223,387

19

1,337

0

218

3,074,924

100,481

Block

ESR

Adv 2

3. congress won’t roll it back

Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)

Fine, 12

223,387

19

1,337

0

244

3,081,340

100,506

2NC

ESR

2NC—Binding—Congress

3. congress won’t roll it back

Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)

Fine, 12

223,387

19

1,337

0

246

3,101,215

100,896

null

2NC ESR

2NC—Binding—Congress

3. congress won’t roll it back

Fine, 12 – assistant professor of political science at Clemson University. He has published articles in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, and Political Behavior (Jeffrey A. Fine, “Circumventing Adversity: Executive Orders and Divided Government,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2012, Vol. 42, No. 2, Ebsco)

Fine, 12

223,387

19

1,337

0

3,044

2,536,563

81,818

1nc---round 8

Adv 1

1nc---at: BMD

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14

1,098,908

27

7,813

0

3,045

2,536,675

81,818

2nc---case

2nc—at: add-on

2nc---at: BMD

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14

1,098,908

27

7,813

0

6,114

2,490,626

80,722

Off case

null

BMD DA

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

1,098,908

27

7,576

0

6,145

2,457,019

80,041

1NC

1NC – SpaceMil

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

1,098,908

27

7,576

0

6,147

2,462,198

80,137

1NR

BMD DA

2NC – Link Wall

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

1,098,908

27

7,576

0

6,173

2,461,380

80,127

1NC

Off

1NC — BMD DA

ASAT test ban constrains U.S. missile defense development

Gertz 14 (Bill - senior editor of the Washington Free Beacon, “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

Gertz 14 , “State Department Backs Off Controversial ASAT Test Ban Proposal,” 12/16/14, https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-backs-off-controversial-asat-test-ban-proposal/)

1,098,908

27

7,576

0

779

2,452,530

79,940

1AC – STM

1AC – Assurances

null

China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.

Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19

Chow 18

1,093,486

350

2,952

1

781

2,453,546

79,964

null

1AC

Adv

China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.

Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19

Chow 18

1,093,486

350

2,952

1

4,985

2,455,892

80,012

1AC – STM

1AC – Assurances

null

China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.

Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19

Chow 18

1,093,486

350

2,952

1

5,233

2,447,801

79,815

***1AC***

null

1AC Solvency

China and Russia say yes, or they’re pressured to do so ex ante.

Chow 18 (Brian G. Chow is an independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. This piece builds on Chow’s previous Strategic Studies Quarterly article, “Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat,” Summer 2017. “Space Arms Control: A Hybrid Approach,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 2018, pp. 107-132, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26430818, access provided by Cornell Libraries) dwc 19

Chow 18

1,093,486

350

2,952

1

2,417

348,863

4,447

Gender K

LINKS

BITCOIN

There is a big gap in the amount of females and males in Bitcoin, which causes males to assume their dominance in the economy and business

Castillo 13 (Andrea, Research Associate at the Mercatus Center at George Mason Unversity and PhD student in economics at GMU, June 18, 2013, “The Goddess of Gender Gaps”, https://theumlaut.com/2013/06/18/the-goddess-of-the-gender-gaps/)

Castillo 13

222,487

1

4,088

0

1,515

363,259

4,743

Answers to Ks

Defense of Science decision making

Link uniqueness – take out

IOOS prerequisite to your alt – social networking

Willis and Manley, 2010 (Zdenka, Director, Integrated Ocean Observing System Program, NOAA and Justin, Director, Scientiﬁc and Commercial Business, Liquid Robotics, Inc., Marine Technology Society Journal Volume 44, Number 6, November/December 2010 )

Willis and Manley, 2010 )

231,425

1

912

0

9,975

1,635,918

48,964

null

turkey

link

Even small disputes snowball – Erdogan is incapable of compartmentalizing issues

Robert Farley 20, PhD, Professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, “World War III Cometh: These Are 2020s 5 Most Dangerous Hotspots”, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/world-war-iii-cometh-these-are-2020s-5-most-dangerous-hotspots-145782

Farley 20

19,142

40

1,114

1

3,018

362,209

4,734

1NC

ABB Case

1NC Leadership Frontline

5. No relationship between US capabilities and peace

Fettweis 10 – Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College. [Christopher J. Fettweis, “Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 2 April 2010 , pages 59 – 82//informaworld]

Fettweis 10

67,081

48

2,005

1

8,501

254,470

3,182

Miscalculation Advantage Extensions

Solvency – communication stops escalation

Impact extensions – escalation conventional war

US-China conventional war would go nuclear – multiple reasons escalation cycle triggered through lack of information

Talmadge 16 (Caitlin, Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, “Preventing Nuclear Escalation in U.S.-China Conflict,” Institute for Security and Conflict Studies, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/china_policy_brief_talmadge.pdf, accessed 7/15/16 – DDI SP)

Talmadge 16 (Caitlin, Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, “Preventing Nuclear Escalation in U.S.-China Conflict,” Institute for Security and Conflict Studies, , accessed 7/15/16 – DDI SP)

71,002

128

3,270

1

4,042

2,638,031

83,729

1NR

Debris Adv

2nc – o/v

Biodiversity decline causes extinction – most qualified evidence

Diaz 19 (Sandra Díaz, professor of ecology at the National University of Córdoba; Josef Settele, Research Scientist, Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research; Eduardo S. Brondizio, Distinguished Professor, Anthropology, Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography and School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Director, Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Faculty Associate: Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Individualized Major Program, Native Studies Program, Food Studies Program, External Professor: University of Campinas, Center for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, Co-Chair, Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Indiana University Bloomington; also there are like 40 ecologists who wrote this report; “Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services – unedited advance version”, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019, https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/summary_for_policymakers_ipbes_global_assessment.pdf)

Diaz 19

518,552

5

7,020

1

8,176

2,574,137

82,691

1nr v Dartmouth MS

Debris (dev)

Ov

Biodiversity decline causes extinction – most qualified evidence

Diaz 19 (Sandra Díaz, professor of ecology at the National University of Córdoba; Josef Settele, Research Scientist, Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research; Eduardo S. Brondizio, Distinguished Professor, Anthropology, Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography and School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Director, Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Faculty Associate: Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Individualized Major Program, Native Studies Program, Food Studies Program, External Professor: University of Campinas, Center for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, Co-Chair, Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Indiana University Bloomington; also there are like 40 ecologists who wrote this report; “Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services – unedited advance version”, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019, https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/summary_for_policymakers_ipbes_global_assessment.pdf)

Diaz 19 )

518,552

5

7,020

1

8,587

2,368,234

75,516

1nc

1

null

Their drive for the development of skills and endless improvement causes repetition compulsion – the death drive gives our politics meaning.

Taubman 17 Peter Taubman (Department of Secondary Education @ Brooklyn College, CUNY), 2017, “DEATH BY NUMBERS: A RESPONSE TO BACKER, SARIGIANIDES, AND STILLWAGGON,” Educational Theory, 67(1), 97–106, doi:10.1111/edth.12230, SJBE, brackets in original text

Taubman 17 , brackets in original text

160,539

17

10,981

0

681

2,376,537

75,862

null

1

null

Their drive for the development of skills and endless improvement causes repetition compulsion – the death drive gives our politics meaning.

Taubman 17 Peter Taubman (Department of Secondary Education @ Brooklyn College, CUNY), 2017, “DEATH BY NUMBERS: A RESPONSE TO BACKER, SARIGIANIDES, AND STILLWAGGON,” Educational Theory, 67(1), 97–106, doi:10.1111/edth.12230, SJBE, brackets in original text

Taubman 17 , brackets in original text

160,539

17

10,981

0

9,162

561,773

8,553

Aff

Advantage 1: is space debris

The second impact of space debris is nuclear war

If satellites are knocked out from collisions, deterrence is thrown out the window and war goes nuclear magnifying the impact of debris collisions

Johnson 14 [Les, Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites.] brett

Johnson 14

339,331

303

1,879

1

9,164

561,796

8,554

Aff

Contention 1: is space debris

The impact of space debris is nuclear war

If satellites are knocked out from collisions, deterrence is thrown out the window and war goes nuclear magnifying the impact of debris collisions

Johnson 14 [Les, Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites.] brett

Johnson 14

339,331

303

1,879

1

8,329

1,319,306

33,899

2NC

null

Case

You should presume the falseness of any 1AC truth claim because we did not have the opportunity to research and test it. We shouldn't have to predict and disprove something we cant' predict.

Dame and Gedmin 13 John Dame, Chief Executive Officer of Dame Management Strategies, and Jeffrey Gedmin, Chief Executive Officer of the Legatum Institute, 2013 (“Three Tips For Overcoming Your Blind Spots,” Harvard Business Review blog, October 2nd, Available Online at http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/10/three-tips-for-overcoming-your-blind-spots/, Accessed 10-10-2013)

Dame and Gedmin 13

122,931

45

1,871

1

1,412

3,056,282

99,949

1AC

The Western monopoly over nuclear weapons is used to sustain global imperialism through the invasion and coercion of non-nuclear nations for strategic interests

Gerson 07 (Dr. Joseph Gerson, AFSC’s disarmament coordinator, director of programs in New England, and as director of the Peace and Economic Security Program, received his PhD in Politics and International Security Studies from the Union Institute and College, 2007. “Deadly Connections: Empire and Nuclear Weapons.” Chapter 1 from Empire and the Bomb: How the US Uses Nuclear Weapons to Dominate the World. https://epfwny.org/Convention/GersonChap1web.pdf)

Gerson 07

383,437

114

66,733

0

3,809

3,063,694

99,909

1AC

The Western monopoly over nuclear weapons is used to sustain global imperialism through the invasion and coercion of non-nuclear nations for strategic interests

Gerson 07 (Dr. Joseph Gerson, AFSC’s disarmament coordinator, director of programs in New England, and as director of the Peace and Economic Security Program, received his PhD in Politics and International Security Studies from the Union Institute and College, 2007. “Deadly Connections: Empire and Nuclear Weapons.” Chapter 1 from Empire and the Bomb: How the US Uses Nuclear Weapons to Dominate the World. https://epfwny.org/Convention/GersonChap1web.pdf)

Gerson 07

383,437

114

66,733

0

3,766

1,810,887

53,239

1NR

Link

At: Link Turn

Perception of US defense in eastern states – aff reduces

null

820,292

1

null

0

3,086

3,850,332

128,224

1NC

1NC — Regional Diplomacy Advantage

B) Collapse of ROK alliance causes South Korean proliferation and makes domino effect likely.

Yang 11 — Zie-eun Yang, M.A. Candidate in Security Studies at Georgetown University, 2011 (“South Korea’s Nuclear Decision,” Submitted to Georgetown University, April 15th, Accessible Online at https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553432/YangZieeun.pdf?sequence=1, Accessed On 07-27-2016)

Yang 11

170,153

6

1,217

1

8,956

1,589,052

45,981

null

1

null

Instability causes global war

Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)

Mead 13

3,268

319

4,402

1

9,134

3,954,531

133,089

King R1 – 1NC v Sequoia AS

3

null

Instability causes global war

Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)

Mead 13

3,268

319

4,402

1

2,050

1,555,576

44,692

1NC

null

5

Instability causes global war

Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)

Mead 13

3,268

319

4,402

1

2,058

1,566,090

45,152

null

1NC—DA

Instability causes global war

Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)

Mead 13

3,268

319

4,817

1

6,244

3,894,210

130,167

1nc r1 Palm Classic

Off

5

Instability causes global war

Mead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, “Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care”, American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/)

Mead 13

3,268

319

4,402

1

4,080

145,934

1,964

CNDI 2018 -- Neoliberalism K Updates

Impact

Economic Stagnation

Neoliberalism causes economic stagnation – deregulation, inequality, and loans eventually necessitate collapse.

Smith ’17(Yves Smith graduated from Harvard Business School and created an American and Financial News Analysis Blog, “Why Extreme Inequality Causes Economic Collapse”, Naked Capitalism, 2/18/17, https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2017/02/extreme-inequality-causes-economic-collapse.html)

Smith ’17

96,688

10

6,671

1

6,667

2,427,396

78,881

Capitalism K

Impacts

Economic Stagnation

Neoliberalism causes economic stagnation – deregulation, inequality, and loans eventually necessitate collapse.

Smith ’17(Yves Smith graduated from Harvard Business School and created an American and Financial News Analysis Blog, “Why Extreme Inequality Causes Economic Collapse”, Naked Capitalism, 2/18/17, https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2017/02/extreme-inequality-causes-economic-collapse.html)

Smith ’17

96,688

10

6,671

1

2,763

259,970

3,284

Aff

Impacts

AT: Terrorism Impact

Major terror attacks unlikely—their impact is political hype

Walt 13 - Professor of international relations @ Harvard University [Stephen M. Walt, “The Embarrassing Debate Over the 'War on Terror' Foreign Policy, DECEMBER 4, 2013, pg. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/12/04/the_embarrassing_debate_over_the_war_on_terror#sthash.Io11bI7s.dpuf

Walt 13

168,474

1

3,604

1

187

215,505

2,796

neg

state spending da answers

link turn

Spending on education decreases the cost of medicaid – cp solves back for the da

NPP, 13 (The National Priorities Project (NPP) inspires individuals and movements to take action so our federal resources prioritize peace, shared prosperity, and economic security for all, “Spend More on Education to Save on Health Care: Millennial Perspective,” December 02 2013, https://www.nationalpriorities.org/blog/2013/12/02/spend-more-education-save-health-care-millennial-perspective/ ///ghs-sc)

NPP, 13

141,347

3

3,229

0

9,275

2,386,791

76,300

1AC

Advocacy

null

CV alters how candidates’ campaign, resisting oppression regardless of outcomes.

Brooks et al 2 Cornell William Brooks [an American lawyer and activist. He was chosen to be the president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in May 2014] “Lift Every Voice The Urgency of Universal Civic Duty Voting” The Brookings Institution, July 24, 2020.

Brooks et al 2

356,580

184

2,711

1

4,395

2,537,069

81,834

2ac

off

japan da---2ac

crisis stability advantage turns the link

Christopher Fabian 19, MS in Space Studies, University of North Dakota, May 2019, “A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy,” https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456&context=theses

Fabian 19

4,770

424

1,715

0

4,657

2,539,776

81,897

2ac

off

japan da---2ac

crisis stability advantage turns the link

Christopher Fabian 19, MS in Space Studies, University of North Dakota, May 2019, “A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy,” https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456&context=theses

Fabian 19

4,770

424

1,715

0

1,151

1,025,282

24,737

1nr

Bizcon

Link

***Expanding antitrust law in IP deletes certainty, detonating a doctrinal atom bomb.

Sipe ’17 [Matthew; December of 2016, published in the 2017 edition; J.D. at Yale Law School; American University Law Review, “Patents v. Antitrust: Preempting Conflict,” Vol. 66]

Sipe ’17

487,073

15

7,664

0

8,725

1,041,546

25,197

2NC

Econ

2nc link wall

***Expanding antitrust law in IP deletes certainty, detonating a doctrinal atom bomb.

Sipe ’17 [Matthew; December of 2016, published in the 2017 edition; J.D. at Yale Law School; American University Law Review, “Patents v. Antitrust: Preempting Conflict,” Vol. 66]

Sipe ’17

487,073

15

7,664

0

3,089

438,342

5,608

Cuban Embargo Negative KQ – Relations/Sugar

1NC

1NC relations

3. There will be NO proliferation without the plan – attempts to prevent will enable it

Mueller, Chair of National Secuirty Studies and Prof of Poli Sci at Ohio State, Winner of the Lepgold Prize for the best book on International Relations in 2004 awarded by Gtown, ‘9 (John, Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism From Hiroshima To Al-Qaeda, p. xii-xiii)

Mueller ‘9

267,732

5

1,584

1

1,898

264,717

3,311

***Impacts***

=== Iran Deal ===

Prolif Impact – 2NC

Iran deal collapse causes mass proliferation.

Borger 14. [Julian, Guardian's diplomatic editor, “A nuclear deal with Iran would mean a less volatile world” The Guardian -- December 31 -- http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]

Borger 14

171,429

23

3,267

1

1,900

289,588

3,664

**Impact

null

Impact – Iran Prolif

Iran deal collapse causes mass proliferation.

Borger 14. [Julian, Guardian's diplomatic editor, “A nuclear deal with Iran would mean a less volatile world” The Guardian -- December 31 -- http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]

Borger 14 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/31/nuclear-deal-iran-cuba-proliferation]

171,429

23

3,267

1

1,819

11,404

218

Aff Answers

Impact Answers

No Impact --- AT Cohesion

Nato cohesion impacts are empirically disproven.

Mishra 6/6/22 [Pankaj Mishra is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist. He is author, most recently, of “Run and Hide.”; “Western ‘Unity’ Is Making the Ukraine War Worse”; The Washington Post; June 6, 2022; https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/western-unityis-making-the-ukraine-war-worse/2022/06/05/9d5b85fe-e4a5-11ec-ae64-6b23e5155b62_story.html]//eleanor

8,777

1

611

1

484

773,443

18,045

1nc

Off

1nc cp

Plan collapses treaty cred and ilaw but the cp doesn’t – it’s stable now

Wells C. Bennett 10-15, Fellow in National Security Law at the Brookings Institution; and John Walsh, Senior Associate at the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), focused on drug policy reforms that protect human rights, public health and public safety, 10/15/14, “Marijuana Legalization is an Opportunity to Modernize International Drug Treaties,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2014/10/15%20marijuana%20legalization%20modernize%20drug%20treaties%20bennett%20walsh/cepmmjlegalizationv4.pdf

Bennett 10-15

629,881

53

4,965

0

9,179

53,151

895

Federalism DA

Links – Generic

Link – Preemption

Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power

Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)

Behnke 17

36,942

4

1,589

0

2,722

1,137,250

28,127

2NC

States

1NC---Advantage 1

Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power

Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)

Behnke 17

36,942

4

1,589

0

2,723

1,145,954

28,198

1NR

Federalism

2NC---No Infra Collapse/Water Supply

Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power

Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)

Behnke 17

36,942

4

1,589

0

9,605

1,128,215

27,849

Block

Off-Case

1NR – Fism DA

Federal preemption in environmental policy disempowers states and consolidates federal power

Behnke 17 (Kalyn, J.D. Candidate, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University; M.A., Political Science, ASU; B.A., Political Science and History, ASU, “Toxic Preemption: Why the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act's Erosion of State Authority Contaminates Environmental Law,” American Bar Association, Jurimetrics, Volume 57, No. 4, Summer 2017, pp. 459-482, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322760, ccm)

Behnke 17

36,942

4

1,589

0

9,399

856,843

20,475

null

SK DA

SK Assurance: 2AC SK Prolif D

South Korea cant and wont proliferate – political, economic, and security costs outweigh

Peter Hayes 15, Professor, Center for International Security Studies, Sydney University, Australia and Director, Nautilus Institute in Berkeley, California, and Chung-in Moon, professor of political science at Yonsei University and Ambassador for International Security Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Republic of Korea. “The War that Must Never be Fought, Chapter 13: Korea: Will South Korea’s Non-Nuclear Strategy Defeat North Korea’s Nuclear Breakout?”, https://books.google.com/books?id=-yVpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT241

Hayes 15

66,384

47

12,045

1