---
library_name: peft
base_model: meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf
tags:
- legal
- legal-text
- passive-to-active
- voice-transformation
- legal-nlp
- text-simplification
- legal-documents
- sentence-transformation
- lora
- qlora
- peft
- llama-2
- natural-language-processing
- legal-language
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
pipeline_tag: text-generation
---

# legal-passive-to-active-llama-7b

A specialized LoRA fine-tuned model for transforming legal text from passive voice to active voice, built on Llama-2-7b-Chat. This model simplifies complex legal language while maintaining semantic accuracy and legal precision.

## Model Description

This model is a LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) fine-tuned version of Llama-2-7b-Chat-hf, specifically optimized for passive-to-active voice transformation in legal documents. It was trained on a curated dataset of 319 legal sentences from authoritative sources including UN documents, GDPR, Fair Work Act, and insurance regulations to understand legal syntax, passive constructions, and voice transformation patterns.

### Key Features

- **Legal Text Simplification**: Converts passive voice to active voice in legal documents
- **Domain-Specific**: Fine-tuned on authentic legal text from multiple jurisdictions
- **Efficient Training**: Uses QLoRA for memory-efficient fine-tuning
- **Semantic Preservation**: Maintains legal meaning while simplifying sentence structure
- **Accessibility**: Makes legal documents more readable and accessible

## Model Details

- **Developed by**: Rafi Al Attrach
- **Model type**: LoRA fine-tuned Llama-2
- **Language(s)**: English
- **License**: Apache 2.0
- **Finetuned from**: [meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf)
- **Training method**: QLoRA (4-bit quantization + LoRA)
- **Research Focus**: Legal text simplification and accessibility (2024)

### Technical Specifications

- **Base Model**: Llama-2-7b-Chat-hf
- **LoRA Rank**: 64
- **Training Samples**: 319 legal sentences
- **Data Sources**: UN legal documents, GDPR, Fair Work Act, Insurance regulations
- **Evaluation**: BERTScore metrics and human evaluation
- **Performance**: ~6% improvement over base model in human evaluation

## Uses

### Direct Use

This model is designed for:
- **Legal document simplification**: Converting passive legal text to active voice
- **Accessibility improvement**: Making legal documents more readable
- **Legal writing assistance**: Helping legal professionals write clearer documents
- **Educational purposes**: Teaching legal language transformation
- **Document processing**: Batch processing of legal texts

### Example Use Cases

```python
# Transform a legal passive sentence to active voice
passive_sentence = "The contract shall be executed by both parties within 30 days."
# Model output: "Both parties shall execute the contract within 30 days."
```

```python
# Simplify GDPR text
passive_sentence = "Personal data may be processed by the controller for legitimate interests."
# Model output: "The controller may process personal data for legitimate interests."
```

## How to Get Started

### Installation

```bash
pip install transformers torch peft accelerate bitsandbytes
```

### Loading the Model

#### GPU Usage (Recommended)
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
from peft import PeftModel
import torch

# Load base model with 4-bit quantization
base_model = "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    base_model,
    load_in_4bit=True,
    torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    device_map="auto"
)

# Load LoRA adapter
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, "rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-llama-7b")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(base_model)

# Set pad token
if tokenizer.pad_token is None:
    tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
```

#### CPU Usage (Alternative)
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
from peft import PeftModel
import torch

# Load base model (CPU compatible)
base_model = "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    base_model,
    torch_dtype=torch.float32,
    device_map="cpu"
)

# Load LoRA adapter
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, "rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-llama-7b")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(base_model)

# Set pad token
if tokenizer.pad_token is None:
    tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
```

### Usage Example

```python
def transform_passive_to_active(passive_sentence, max_length=512):
    # Create instruction prompt
    instruction = """You are a legal text transformation expert. Your task is to convert passive voice sentences to active voice while maintaining the exact legal meaning and terminology.

Input: Transform the following legal sentence from passive to active voice.

Legal Sentence: """
    
    prompt = instruction + passive_sentence
    inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        outputs = model.generate(
            **inputs,
            max_length=max_length,
            temperature=0.7,
            do_sample=True,
            pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
        )
    
    return tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)

# Example usage
passive = "The agreement shall be signed by the authorized representatives."
active = transform_passive_to_active(passive)
print(active)
```

## Training Details

### Training Data

- **Dataset Size**: 319 legal sentences
- **Source Documents**: 
  - United Nations legal documents
  - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
  - Fair Work Act (Australia)
  - Insurance Council of Australia regulations
- **Data Split**: 85% training, 15% testing (with 15% of training for validation)
- **Domain**: Legal text across multiple jurisdictions

### Training Procedure

- **Method**: QLoRA (4-bit quantization + LoRA)
- **LoRA Configuration**: Rank 64, Alpha 16
- **Library**: unsloth (2.2x faster, 43% less VRAM)
- **Hardware**: Tesla T4 GPU (Google Colab)
- **Training Loss**: Downward trending validation loss indicating good generalization

### Evaluation Metrics

- **BERTScore**: Semantic similarity evaluation
- **Human Evaluation**: Binary correctness assessment by legal evaluators
- **Performance Improvement**: ~6% increase over base Llama-2 model

## Performance

The model was evaluated using both automatic metrics (BERTScore - Precision, Recall, F1) and human evaluation:

- **BERTScore F1**: High semantic similarity preservation
- **Human Evaluation**: ~6% improvement over base model
- **Strengths**: Good transformation of standard passive constructions
- **Challenges**: Complex sentences with nuanced word placement (e.g., "only")

## Limitations and Bias

### Known Limitations

- **Word Position Sensitivity**: Struggles with sentences where word position significantly alters meaning
- **Dataset Size**: Limited to 319 training samples
- **Non-Determinism**: LLM outputs may vary between runs
- **Domain Coverage**: Primarily trained on English common law and EU legal documents
- **'By' Constructions**: Occasionally faces challenges with sentences containing 'by' (subject indicator)

### Recommendations

- Validate transformed sentences for legal accuracy before use
- Use human review for critical legal documents
- Consider context and jurisdiction when applying transformations
- Test with domain-specific legal texts for best results

## Citation

If you use this model in your research, please cite:

```bibtex
@misc{legal-passive-active-llama2,
  title={legal-passive-to-active-llama2-7b: A LoRA Fine-tuned Model for Legal Voice Transformation},
  author={Rafi Al Attrach},
  year={2024},
  url={https://huggingface.co/rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-llama-7b}
}
```

## Related Models

- **Base Model**: [meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf)
- **Enhanced Version**: [rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-mistral-7b](https://huggingface.co/rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-mistral-7b) (Recommended - better performance)

## Model Card Contact

- **Author**: Rafi Al Attrach
- **Model Repository**: [HuggingFace Model](https://huggingface.co/rafiaa/legal-passive-to-active-llama-7b)
- **Issues**: Please report issues through the HuggingFace model page

## Acknowledgments

- **Research Project**: Legal text simplification and accessibility research (2024)
- **Training Data**: Public legal documents and regulations
- **Base Model**: Meta's Llama-2-7b-Chat-hf

---

*This model is part of a research project on legal text simplification and accessibility, focusing on passive-to-active voice transformation in legal documents.*