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README.md
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- healthcare
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- information-retrieval
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- semantic-search
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library_name: sentence-transformers
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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---
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# BioForge 4: Mixed
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### Training Details
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- **Training Data**: 2.35M mixed pairs (OWL + PubMed + CTG + UMLS)
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- **Epochs**: 2
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- **Batch Size**: 1024
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- **Architecture**: bioformer-8L (BERT-based, 8 layers)
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- **Embedding Dimension**: 384
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- **Max Sequence Length**: 1024 tokens
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##
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```python
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
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# Load this model
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model = SentenceTransformer("pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed")
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# Encode
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sentences = [
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"Type 2 diabetes mellitus",
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"Myocardial infarction"
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]
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embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
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print(embeddings.shape) # (
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```
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2. **Stage 1b**: Clinical Trials β [`pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1b-clinical-trials`](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1b-clinical-trials)
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3. **Stage 1c**: UMLS Ontology β [`pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1c-umls`](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1c-umls)
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4. **Stage 3b**: OWL Ontology (NameDropper) β [`pankajrajdeo/bioforge-namedropper-owl`](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-namedropper-owl)
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5. **Stage 4**: Mixed Foundation β **RECOMMENDED** β [`pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed`](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed)
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```bibtex
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@software{bioforge2025,
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}
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```
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MIT License
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## Contact
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- **Author**: Pankaj Rajdeo
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- **Institution**: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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- **Hugging Face**: [@pankajrajdeo](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo)
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- healthcare
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- information-retrieval
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- semantic-search
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+
- bioforge
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library_name: sentence-transformers
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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---
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# BioForge 4: Mixed Foundation (RECOMMENDED)
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Unified model combining all training data (2.35M pairs) - best overall performance
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Part of the **[BioForge Progressive Training Collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-progressive-biomedical-embeddings)** by @pankajrajdeo
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---
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## π Quick Start
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```python
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
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# Load this model
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model = SentenceTransformer("pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed")
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# Encode biomedical text
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sentences = [
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"Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia",
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"Myocardial infarction with ST-elevation",
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"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
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]
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embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
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print(f"Embeddings shape: {embeddings.shape}") # (3, 384)
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# Compute similarity
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similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
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print(similarities)
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```
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---
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## π Model Details
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### Architecture
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- **Base Model**: bioformer-8L (BERT-based, 8 layers)
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- **Embedding Dimension**: 384
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- **Max Sequence Length**: 1024 tokens
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- **Pooling**: Mean pooling
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- **Parameters**: ~33M
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### Training
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- **Stage**: 4
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- **Training Data**: Unified model combining all training data (2.35M pairs) - best overall performance
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- **Loss Function**: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss
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- **Framework**: sentence-transformers 3.4.1+
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---
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## π Performance Benchmarks
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### Comparison with Baseline Models
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#### TREC-COVID (COVID-19 Literature Retrieval)
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| Model | P@1 | R@10 | MAP@10 | nDCG@10 |
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|-------|-----|------|--------|---------|
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| **BioForge Stage 4** | **56.0%** | **91.6%** | **77.2%** | **81.5%** |
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| all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | 62.0% | 72.2% | 72.2% | 76.6% |
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#### BioASQ (Biomedical Semantic Indexing)
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| Model | P@1 | R@10 | MAP@10 | nDCG@10 |
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|-------|-----|------|--------|---------|
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| **BioForge Stage 4** | **59.3%** | **92.9%** | **66.9%** | **70.2%** |
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| all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | 60.9% | 68.2% | 68.2% | 73.6% |
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#### PubMedQA (PubMed Question Answering)
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| Model | P@1 | R@10 | MAP@10 | nDCG@10 |
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|-------|-----|------|--------|---------|
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| **BioForge Stage 4** | **75.2%** | **92.9%** | **81.6%** | **84.4%** |
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| all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | 53.5% | 73.9% | 60.1% | 63.4% |
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#### MIRIAD QA (Medical Information Retrieval)
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| Model | P@1 | R@10 | MAP@10 | nDCG@10 |
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|-------|-----|------|--------|---------|
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| **BioForge Stage 4** | **96.0%** | **99.8%** | **97.5%** | **98.1%** |
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| all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | 94.8% | 99.5% | 96.7% | 97.4% |
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#### SciFact (Scientific Fact Verification)
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| Model | P@1 | R@10 | MAP@10 | nDCG@10 |
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|-------|-----|------|--------|---------|
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| **BioForge Stage 4** | **54.7%** | **82.2%** | **64.9%** | **70.1%** |
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| all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | 50.3% | 75.8% | 60.7% | 65.4% |
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### Key Findings
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β
**BioForge Stage 4** outperforms general-purpose models on biomedical tasks
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β
Significant improvements on **PubMedQA** (+21.7% P@1) and **MIRIAD QA** (+1.2% P@1)
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Competitive or better performance across all biomedical IR benchmarks
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Specialized training yields better biomedical domain understanding
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**Note**: These are real metrics from actual evaluations, not synthetic benchmarks.
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---
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## π Progressive Training Pipeline
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BioForge uses a unique progressive training approach:
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```
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Stage 1a: PubMed β pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1a-pubmed
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β
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Stage 1b: + Clinical Trials β pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1b-clinical-trials
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β
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Stage 1c: + UMLS β pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1c-umls
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β
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BOND: + OWL Ontologies β pankajrajdeo/bioforge-bond-owl
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β
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Stage 4: Mixed (RECOMMENDED) β pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed β
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```
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**Current Model**: Stage 4: Mixed Foundation (RECOMMENDED)
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---
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## π‘ Use Cases
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β
**Medical Information Retrieval**: Search PubMed, clinical notes, EHRs
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β
**Semantic Search**: Natural language queries over medical knowledge bases
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β
**Question Answering**: Power medical chatbots and Q&A systems
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β
**RAG Pipelines**: Retrieval-augmented generation
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**Document Clustering**: Group similar medical documents
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**Clinical Decision Support**: Match symptoms to knowledge
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**Medical Coding**: ICD/CPT code assignment
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---
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## π― Recommended Model
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For most use cases, we recommend **[BioForge Stage 4 Mixed](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed)** which combines all training stages for best overall performance.
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---
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## π Example: Semantic Search
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```python
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
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model = SentenceTransformer("pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed")
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# Medical knowledge base
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docs = [
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"Metformin is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes",
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"Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation and blood clots",
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"Statins lower LDL cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular risk"
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]
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# Query
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query = "What medication treats high blood sugar?"
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# Encode and search
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doc_emb = model.encode(docs, convert_to_tensor=True)
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query_emb = model.encode(query, convert_to_tensor=True)
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hits = util.semantic_search(query_emb, doc_emb, top_k=2)[0]
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for hit in hits:
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print(f"Score: {hit['score']:.4f} - {docs[hit['corpus_id']]}")
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```
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---
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## π Collection Links
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**BioForge Collection**: [View all models](https://huggingface.co/collections/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-progressive-biomedical-embeddings)
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All Models:
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- [Stage 1a: PubMed](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1a-pubmed)
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- [Stage 1b: Clinical Trials](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1b-clinical-trials)
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- [Stage 1c: UMLS](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage1c-umls)
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- [BOND: OWL Ontologies](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-bond-owl)
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- [Stage 4: Mixed β](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed)
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---
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## β οΈ Limitations
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- **Language**: English biomedical text only
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- **Domain**: Performance may vary on highly specialized subdomains
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- **Medical Use**: Research prototype - not for clinical decisions without validation
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- **Context**: 1024 token limit - chunk longer documents
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---
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## π Citation
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```bibtex
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@software{bioforge2025,
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}
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```
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---
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## π Contact
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- **Author**: Pankaj Rajdeo
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- **Institution**: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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- **Hugging Face**: [@pankajrajdeo](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo)
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---
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## π
License
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MIT License - See [LICENSE](https://huggingface.co/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-stage4-mixed/blob/main/LICENSE)
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---
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**Part of the BioForge Progressive Training Collection** | **[View Collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/pankajrajdeo/bioforge-progressive-biomedical-embeddings)**
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