---
license: other
language:
- en
arxiv: 2507.08128
tags:
- audio
- reasoning
- audio understanding
- ASR
datasets:
- nvidia/AudioSkills
- nvidia/AF-Chat
- nvidia/AF-Think
- nvidia/LongAudio
pipeline_tag: audio-text-to-text
library_name: transformers
---
# Model Overview

<div align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-align: center;">
  <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo" style="margin-right: 20px; text-decoration: none; display: flex; align-items: center;">
    <img src="static/logo-no-bg.png" alt="Audio Flamingo 3 🔥🚀🔥" width="120">
  </a>
</div>
<div align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-align: center;">
    <h2>
    Audio Flamingo 3: Advancing Audio Intelligence with Fully Open Large Audio-Language Models
    </h2>
</div>

<div align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 10px;">
  <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08128"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2503.03983-AD1C18" style="margin-right: 5px;"></a>
  <a href="https://research.nvidia.com/labs/adlr/AF3/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Demo page-228B22" style="margin-right: 5px;"></a>
  <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo"><img src='https://img.shields.io/badge/Github-Audio Flamingo 3-9C276A' style="margin-right: 5px;"></a>
  <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo/stargazers"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo.svg?style=social"></a>
</div>

<div align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px;">
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/nvidia/audio-flamingo-3">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Checkpoints-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/nvidia/audio-flamingo-3-chat">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Checkpoints (Chat)-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Dataset: AudioSkills--XL-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/LongAudio">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Dataset: LongAudio--XL-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AF-Chat">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Dataset: AF--Chat-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AF-Think">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Dataset: AF--Think-ED5A22.svg">
  </a>
</div>

<div align="center" style="display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 10px;">
<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/nvidia/audio-flamingo-3"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗-Gradio Demo (7B)-5F9EA0.svg" style="margin-right: 5px;"></a>
</div>

## Description:
Audio Flamingo 3 (AF3) is a fully open, state-of-the-art Large Audio-Language Model (LALM) that advances reasoning and understanding across speech, sounds, and music. AF3 builds on previous work with innovations in:

- Unified audio representation learning (speech, sound, music)  
- Flexible, on-demand chain-of-thought reasoning  
- Long-context audio comprehension (up to 10 minutes)
- Multi-turn, multi-audio conversational dialogue (AF3-Chat)    
- Voice-to-voice interaction (AF3-Chat)    

Extensive evaluations confirm AF3’s effectiveness, setting new benchmarks on over 20 public audio understanding and reasoning tasks.

**This model is for non-commercial research purposes only.**

## Usage

Audio Flamingo 3 is supported in 🤗 Transformers. To run the model, first install Transformers:

```bash
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
```

> **Note:** AF3 processes audio in 30-second windows with a **10-minute** total cap per sample. Longer inputs are truncated.

### Single-turn: audio + text instruction

```python
from transformers import AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration, AutoProcessor

MODEL_ID = "nvidia/audio-flamingo-3-hf"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map="auto")

conversation = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Transcribe the input speech."},
            {"type": "audio", "path": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills/resolve/main/assets/WhDJDIviAOg_120_10.mp3"},
        ],
    }
]

batch = processor.apply_chat_template(
    conversation,
    tokenize=True,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
    return_dict=True,
).to(model.device)

gen_ids = model.generate(**batch)

inp_len = batch["input_ids"].shape[1]
new_tokens = gen_ids[:, inp_len:]
texts = processor.batch_decode(new_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(texts)
```

### Multi-turn chat

```python
from transformers import AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration, AutoProcessor

MODEL_ID = "nvidia/audio-flamingo-3-hf"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map="auto")

conversation = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {
                "type": "text",
                "text": "Instruction: How does the tone of female speech change throughout the audio? Choose the correct option among the options below: (A) Sad to happy (B) Happy to sad (C) Neutral to happy (D) Happy to neutral.",
            },
            {"type": "audio", "path": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills/resolve/main/assets/000000786159.31.wav"},
        ],
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "(A) Sad to happy"}],
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": "Why do you think so?"},
        ],
    },
]

batch = processor.apply_chat_template(
    conversation,
    tokenize=True,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
    return_dict=True,
).to(model.device)

gen_ids = model.generate(**batch)

inp_len = batch["input_ids"].shape[1]
new_tokens = gen_ids[:, inp_len:]
texts = processor.batch_decode(new_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(texts)
```

### Transcribe a local/remote file (shortcut)

```python
from transformers import AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration, AutoProcessor

MODEL_ID = "nvidia/audio-flamingo-3-hf"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map="auto")

inputs = processor.apply_transcription_request(audio="https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills/resolve/main/assets/t_837b89f2-26aa-4ee2-bdf6-f73f0dd59b26.wav").to(model.device)

generated = model.generate(**inputs)
transcription = processor.batch_decode(generated[:, inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True, strip_prefix=True)

print(transcription[0])
```

AF3 transcription checkpoints prepend answers with fixed assistant phrasing such as `The spoken content of the audio is "<text>".`. Passing `strip_prefix=True` removes that canned prefix and the surrounding quotes so you only keep the transcription.

### Batch multiple conversations

```python
from transformers import AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration, AutoProcessor

MODEL_ID = "nvidia/audio-flamingo-3-hf"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map="auto")

conversations = [
    [
        {
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "Transcribe the input speech."},
                {
                    "type": "audio",
                    "path": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills/resolve/main/assets/t_837b89f2-26aa-4ee2-bdf6-f73f0dd59b26.wav",
                },
            ],
        }
    ],
    [
        {
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {
                    "type": "text",
                    "text": "This track feels really peaceful and introspective. What elements make it feel so calming and meditative?",
                },
                {"type": "audio", "path": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills/resolve/main/assets/FPSbCAANfbJLVSwD.mp3"},
            ],
        }
    ],
]

batch = processor.apply_chat_template(
    conversations,
    tokenize=True,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
    return_dict=True,
).to(model.device)

gen_ids = model.generate(**batch)

inp_len = batch["input_ids"].shape[1]
new_tokens = gen_ids[:, inp_len:]
texts = processor.batch_decode(new_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(texts)
```

### Text-only and audio-only prompts

```python
# text-only
conv = [{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "What is the capital of France?"}]}]
batch = processor.apply_chat_template(conv, tokenize=True, add_generation_prompt=True, return_dict=True).to(device)
print(processor.batch_decode(model.generate(**batch)[:, batch["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)[0])

# audio-only
conv = [{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "audio", "path": "https://.../sample.wav"}]}]
batch = processor.apply_chat_template(conv, tokenize=True, add_generation_prompt=True, return_dict=True).to(device)
print(processor.batch_decode(model.generate(**batch)[:, batch["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)[0])
```

### Generation options

You can tune decoding similar to other text-generation models:

```python
generate_kwargs = {
    "max_new_tokens": 256,
    "do_sample": True,
    "temperature": 0.7,
    "top_p": 0.9,
}
out = model.generate(**batch, **generate_kwargs)
```

## Additional Speed & Memory Improvements

### Flash Attention 2

If your GPU supports it and you are **not** using `torch.compile`, install Flash-Attention and enable it at load time:

```bash
pip install flash-attn --no-build-isolation
```

```python
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
    model_id, torch_dtype=torch_dtype, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, attn_implementation="flash_attention_2"
).to(device)
```

### Torch compile

AF3’s forward pass is compatible with `torch.compile` for significant speed-ups:

```python
import torch
torch.set_float32_matmul_precision("high")

model.generation_config.cache_implementation = "static"
model.generation_config.max_new_tokens = 256
model.forward = torch.compile(model.forward, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
```

> `torch.compile` is not compatible with Flash Attention 2 at the same time.

### PyTorch SDPA

If Flash-Attention isn’t available, AF3 will use PyTorch scaled-dot product attention (SDPA) by default on supported PyTorch versions. You can set it explicitly:

```python
model = AudioFlamingo3ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
    model_id, torch_dtype=torch_dtype, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, attn_implementation="sdpa"
).to(device)
```


## Results:
<center><img src="static/af3_radial-1.png" width="400"></center>

## Model Architecture:
Audio Flamingo 3 uses AF-Whisper unified audio encoder, MLP-based audio adaptor, Decoder-only LLM backbone (Qwen2.5-7B), and Streaming TTS module (AF3-Chat). Audio Flamingo 3 can take up to 10 minutes of audio inputs.

<center><img src="static/af3_main_diagram-1.png" width="800"></center>

## License / Terms of Use
The model is released under the [NVIDIA OneWay Noncommercial License](static/NVIDIA_OneWay_Noncommercial_License.docx). Portions of the dataset generation are also subject to the [Qwen Research License](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B/blob/main/LICENSE) and OpenAI’s [Terms of Use](https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use).

## Deployment Geography
Global.

## Use Case
Intended for researchers and developers to explore:
- Audio question answering and reasoning  
- Long-context audio comprehension  
- Interactive sound/music design assistants  
- Multi-turn (voice) chat    

## Release Date
- Github (07/10/2025) via https://github.com/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo
- HuggingFace (07/10/2025) via https://huggingface.co/nvidia/audio-flamingo-3

## References:
* [Audio Flamingo 3: Advancing Audio Intelligence with Fully Open Large Audio-Language Models]()  
* [Project Page](https://github.com/NVIDIA/audio-flamingo)  
* [Demo Website](https://research.nvidia.com/labs/adlr/AF3/)
* [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/audio-flamingo-3)


## Model Architecture:
**Architecture Type:** Transformer   
**Network Architecture:** Audio Flamingo 3  

AF3 uses:
- AF-Whisper unified audio encoder  
- MLP-based audio adaptor  
- Decoder-only LLM backbone (Qwen2.5-7B)  
- Streaming TTS module (AF3-Chat) 

**This model was developed based on [NVILA](https://github.com/NVlabs/VILA/tree/main/scripts/NVILA-Lite) and [Qwen-2.5-7B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B) <br>

## Input: 
- Input Type: Audio, Text <br>
- Input Format: WAV/MP3/FLAC, UTF-8 text <br>
- Input Parameters: Audio is Two-Dimensional (2D) and Text is One-Dimensional (1D)<br>
- Other Properties Related to Input: <br>
- Max Audio Length: 10 Minutes <br>
- Max Text Length: 16000 tokens<br>


## Output: 
- Output Type: Text (and optional speech) <br>
- Text Format: UTF-8 string  <br>
- Output Parameters: One-Dimensional (1D)<br>
- Other Properties Related to Output: <br>
- Max Text Length: 1024 tokens <br>
- Speech Format: streaming TTS (text-to-speech) waveform<br>


Our AI models are designed and/or optimized to run on NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems (A100/H100). By leveraging NVIDIA’s hardware (e.g. GPU cores) and software frameworks (e.g., CUDA libraries), the model achieves faster training and inference times compared to CPU-only solutions. <br> 

## Software Integration:
**Runtime Engine:** PyTorch / HuggingFace Transformers  

**Supported Hardware:**  
* NVIDIA Ampere (A100)  
* NVIDIA Hopper (H100)  

**Supported OS:**  
* Linux  

## Model Version:
* v3.0  

---

## Training and Testing Datasets:

### Training Dataset:
AF3 is trained entirely on open-source audio data, organized into four novel, large-scale collections. For each dataset, we mention whether the dataset annotations are collected by Human or they are Automated i.e. generated using AI models.

The data collection method noted below applies for all datasets used for training and testing:
Data Collection Method: Human
Labeling Collection Method: Please see below:

#### General Sound:
* [WavCaps](https://github.com/XinhaoMei/WavCaps) (Automated)
* [MACS](https://zenodo.org/records/5114771) (Human)
* [SoundDescs](https://github.com/akoepke/audio-retrieval-benchmark) (Human)
* [Clotho-v2](https://github.com/audio-captioning/clotho-dataset/tree/master) (Human)
* [WavText5K](https://github.com/microsoft/WavText5K) (Human)
* [Clotho-AQA](https://zenodo.org/records/6473207) (Human)
* [Open-AQA](https://github.com/YuanGongND/ltu?tab=readme-ov-file)  (Automated)
* [CompA-R](https://github.com/Sreyan88/GAMA)  (Automated)
* [Salmonn AQA](https://github.com/bytedance/SALMONN/tree/main)  (Automated)
* [Audio Entailment](https://github.com/microsoft/AudioEntailment)(Automated)
* [CompA](https://github.com/Sreyan88/CompA)  (Automated)
* [AudioSet](https://research.google.com/audioset/download.html)  (Human)
* [YouTube-8M](https://research.google.com/youtube8m/)  (Human)
* [FSD50k](https://zenodo.org/records/4060432)  (Human)
* [CochlScene](https://github.com/cochlearai/cochlscene)  (Human)
* [NonSpeech7K](https://zenodo.org/records/6967442)  (Human)
* [Chime-Home](https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/projects/chime-home-dataset-annotation-and-baseline-evaluation-code)  (Human)
* [Sonyc-UST](https://zenodo.org/records/3966543)  (Human)

#### Music:
* [LP-MusicCaps](https://github.com/seungheondoh/lp-music-caps)  (Automated)
* [MusicQA](https://github.com/shansongliu/MU-LLaMA?tab=readme-ov-file)  (Automated)
* [MusicAVQA](https://gewu-lab.github.io/MUSIC-AVQA/)  (Human)
* [MusicBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/amaai-lab/MusicBench)  (Automated)
* [Mu-LLAMA](https://github.com/shansongliu/MU-LLaMA)  (Automated)
* [NSynth](https://magenta.tensorflow.org/datasets/nsynth)  (Human)
* [FMA](https://github.com/mdeff/fma)  (Human)
* [MusDB-HQ](https://zenodo.org/records/3338373)  (Human)
* [Music4All](https://sites.google.com/view/contact4music4all)  (Human)
* [Million Song Dataset](http://millionsongdataset.com/)  (Human)

#### Speech:
* [MSP-Podcast](https://ecs.utdallas.edu/research/researchlabs/msp-lab/MSP-Podcast.html)  (Human)
* [JL-Corpus](https://github.com/tli725/JL-Corpus)  (Human)
* [MELD](https://github.com/declare-lab/MELD)  (Human)
* [Tess](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/ejlok1/toronto-emotional-speech-set-tess)  (Human)
* [OMGEmotion](https://github.com/knowledgetechnologyuhh/OMGEmotionChallenge)  (Human)
* [Emov-DB](https://github.com/numediart/EmoV-DB)  (Human)
* [LibriSpeech](https://www.openslr.org/12)  (Human)  
* [SPGISpeech](https://datasets.kensho.com/datasets/spgispeech)  (Human)  
* [TEDLIUM](https://www.openslr.org/51/)  (Human)  
* [GigaSpeech](https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech)  (Human)  
* [Common Voice 15](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mozilla-foundation/common_voice_12_0)  (Human)  
* [VoxPopuli](https://github.com/facebookresearch/voxpopuli)  (Human)  
* [VoxCeleb2](https://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/data/voxceleb/vox2.html)  (Human)  
* [Switchboard](https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC97S62)  (Human) 
* [AMI](https://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ami/corpus/)  (Human) 

#### Voice:
* [VoiceAssistant-400K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gpt-omni/VoiceAssistant-400K)  (Automated)

#### Mixed:
* [AudioSkills-XL (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AudioSkills) (Automated)
* [LongAudio-XL (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/LongAudio) (Automated)
* [AF-Think (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AF-Think) (Automated)
* [AF-Chat (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AF-Chat) (Automated)

---

### Testing Dataset:
Audio Flamingo 3 is evaluated on the test split of the following datasets.

Data Collection Method: Human (for all datasets noted below)
Labeling Method: See below

* [ClothoAQA](https://zenodo.org/records/6473207)  (Human)
* [MusicAVQA](https://gewu-lab.github.io/MUSIC-AVQA/)  (Human)
* [Clotho-v2](https://github.com/audio-captioning/clotho-dataset/tree/master)  (Human)
* [CochlScene](https://github.com/cochlearai/cochlscene)  (Human)
* [NonSpeech7K](https://zenodo.org/records/6967442)  (Human)
* [NSynth](https://magenta.tensorflow.org/datasets/nsynth)  (Human)
* [AudioCaps](https://github.com/cdjkim/audiocaps)  (Human)
* [US8K](https://urbansounddataset.weebly.com/urbansound8k.html)  (Human)
* [GTZAN](https://www.tensorflow.org/datasets/catalog/gtzan)  (Human)
* [MMAU](https://github.com/Sakshi113/mmau/tree/main)  (Human)
* [MMAR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13032)  (Human)
* [Audio Entailment](https://github.com/microsoft/AudioEntailment)(Automated)
* [CompA-R-test](https://github.com/Sreyan88/GAMA)  (Automated)
* [MuchoMusic](https://huggingface.co/datasets/yongyizang/RUListening)  (Automated)
* [Open-AQA](https://github.com/YuanGongND/ltu?tab=readme-ov-file)(Automated)
* [MusicInstruct](https://huggingface.co/datasets/m-a-p/Music-Instruct)  (Automated)
* [MusicQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mu-llama/MusicQA)  (Automated)
* [CMM Hallucination](https://huggingface.co/datasets/DAMO-NLP-SG/CMM)  (Human)  
* [IEMOCAP](https://sail.usc.edu/iemocap/)  (Human)  
* [VoiceBench](https://github.com/MatthewCYM/VoiceBench)  (Human)  
* [OpenAudioBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/baichuan-inc/OpenAudioBench) (Human)  
* [SEED](https://github.com/BytedanceSpeech/seed-tts-eval)  (Human)  
* [LibriSpeech](https://www.openslr.org/12)  (Human)  
* [SPGISpeech](https://datasets.kensho.com/datasets/spgispeech)  (Human)  
* [TEDLIUM](https://www.openslr.org/51/)  (Human)  
* [GigaSpeech](https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech)  (Human)  
* [Common Voice 15](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mozilla-foundation/common_voice_12_0)  (Human)  
* [VoxPopuli](https://github.com/facebookresearch/voxpopuli)  (Human)  
* [LongAudioBench (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/LongAudio)  (Automated) 
* [AF-Chat-test (ours)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/AF-Chat)  (Human) 

---

## Inference:

**Engine:** HuggingFace Transformers  
**Test Hardware:** NVIDIA A100 80 GB  

---

## Ethical Considerations:
NVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications.  When downloaded or used in accordance with our terms of service, developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse.
Please report security vulnerabilities or NVIDIA AI Concerns [here](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/support/submit-security-vulnerability/).

---

## Acknowledgements
Built with Qwen, NVILA and the open audio-ML community.